A Radome Optimization Method for Wide-Beam Antennas

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for optimizing a radome for a wide-beam antenna, comprising: constructing a simulation model of the antenna based on a prototype; constructing a simulation model of an initial radome based on preset parameters; setting an initial rectangular aperture above the simulation model of the initial radome; performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation models of the antenna and the initial radome to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the initial rectangular aperture; adjusting the parameters of the initial rectangular aperture based on a first optimization objective function, the amplitude and phase curves of the initial rectangular aperture to obtain an optimized rectangular aperture; projecting the optimized rectangular aperture onto the surface of the simulation model of the initial radome to divide the simulation model of the initial radome into an absorbing region and a transmitting region; filling the transmitting region with transmitting material and the absorbing region with absorbing material to obtain the simulation model of the optimized radome; and fabricating the radome based on the simulation model of the optimized radome.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a method for optimizing an antenna radome for a wide-beam antenna. Background Technology

[0002] The radome is a crucial component of radar equipment, typically located at the front of the antenna housing. During radar operation, the radome withstands harsh forces and heat to ensure the proper functioning of the antenna and other electronic components within. Simultaneously, the radome is also an essential part of the detection system, serving as a channel for transmitting electromagnetic waves and guaranteeing normal signal transmission.

[0003] Wide-beam antennas are widely used in military and civilian electronic equipment, meeting the system's functional requirements for wide-angle detection. Due to the shape and energy dispersion of the antenna beam, the radome used for wide-beam antennas causes significant distortion in the amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna's radiation pattern, thus affecting the system's antenna detection performance. Therefore, improving the radiation pattern performance of wide-beam antennas with radomes is crucial. However, existing radome optimization methods mostly focus on optimizing the transmittance, aiming line error, and beam pointing electrical properties of narrow-beam antennas with radomes, with less attention paid to optimizing the radiation pattern of wide-beam antennas with radomes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas, which can improve the amplitude and phase distribution of the far-field radiation pattern of wide-beam antennas after radome application, and effectively solve the problem of severe radiation pattern distortion of wide-beam antennas after radome application.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for optimizing a radome for a wide-beam antenna, comprising:

[0007] Based on the antenna prototype, construct a simulation model of the antenna;

[0008] A simulation model of the initial radome is constructed based on preset parameters;

[0009] An initial rectangular aperture is set above the simulation model of the initial radome;

[0010] Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation models of the antenna and the initial radome to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture;

[0011] The parameters of the initial rectangular aperture are adjusted according to the first optimization objective function, the amplitude curve and the phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture, to obtain the optimized rectangular aperture; and the parameters of the initial rectangular aperture include the length, width and center coordinates of the initial rectangular aperture;

[0012] The optimized rectangular aperture is projected onto the surface of the simulation model of the initial radome to divide the simulation model of the initial radome into a wave-absorbing area and a wave-transmitting area; and the area on the simulation model of the initial radome that is inside the projection is the wave-transmitting area, and the area that is outside the projection is the wave-absorbing area.

[0013] A simulation model of the optimized radome is obtained by filling the wave-transmitting region with wave-transmitting material and the absorbing region with wave-absorbing material; and

[0014] The radome was fabricated based on the simulation model of the optimized radome.

[0015] Optionally, the step of setting the initial rectangular aperture above the simulation model of the initial radome may include:

[0016] Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna;

[0017] The simulation model of the antenna is combined with the simulation model of the initial radome to obtain an initial combined simulation model; and the simulation model of the initial radome covers the outside of the simulation model of the antenna.

[0018] Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination;

[0019] The objective function value of the initial combination is calculated based on the second optimization objective function, the amplitude and phase curves of the antenna, and the amplitude and phase curves of the initial combination.

[0020] Determine whether the objective function value of the initial combination satisfies the first preset condition; if not, set the initial rectangular aperture above the simulation model of the initial radome.

[0021] Optionally, the step of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna includes:

[0022] Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna in the E-plane and the far-field radiation pattern in the H-plane.

[0023] The amplitude curve and phase curve of the target antenna are obtained based on a preset angle range and either the E-plane far-field radiation pattern or the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the antenna.

[0024] Optionally, the step of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination includes:

[0025] Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the E-plane far-field radiation pattern and the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the initial combination.

[0026] Based on the preset angle range and either the E-plane far-field pattern or the H-plane far-field pattern of the initial combination, obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination.

[0027] Optionally, the step of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation models of the antenna and the initial radome to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the initial rectangular aperture includes:

[0028] Extract the first electric field and the first magnetic field on the initial rectangular aperture corresponding to the simulation model of the antenna, so as to calculate the first E-plane far-field pattern and the first H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture before the cover is applied;

[0029] Extract the second electric field and the second magnetic field on the initial rectangular aperture corresponding to the simulation model of the initial combination, so as to calculate the second E-plane far-field pattern and the second H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture after the cover is applied;

[0030] Based on the preset angle range and either the first E-plane far-field radiation pattern or the first H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the initial rectangular aperture before the cover is applied, obtain the first amplitude curve and the first phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture.

[0031] Based on the preset angle range and either the second E-plane far-field pattern or the second H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture after the cover is applied, obtain the second amplitude curve and the second phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture.

[0032] Optionally, the step of adjusting the parameters of the initial rectangular aperture according to the first optimization objective function, the amplitude curve and the phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture to obtain the optimized rectangular aperture includes:

[0033] The objective function value of the initial rectangular aperture is calculated based on the first optimization objective function, the first amplitude curve, the first phase curve, the second amplitude curve, and the second phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture;

[0034] Determine whether the objective function value of the initial rectangular aperture meets the second preset condition; if not, adjust the length, width, and center coordinates of the initial rectangular aperture to obtain the optimized rectangular aperture that meets the second preset condition.

[0035] Optionally, the step of fabricating the radome based on the simulation model of the optimized radome may include the following before proceeding:

[0036] The simulation model of the antenna is combined with the simulation model of the optimized radome to obtain an optimized combined simulation model.

[0037] Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the electromagnetic simulation model of the optimized combination to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the optimized combination.

[0038] The objective function value of the optimization combination is calculated based on the second optimization objective function, the amplitude and phase curves of the antenna, and the amplitude and phase curves of the optimization combination.

[0039] Determine whether the objective function value of the optimized combination satisfies the first preset condition;

[0040] If not, continue to adjust the length, width, and center coordinates of the optimized rectangular aperture so that the objective function value of the optimized rectangular aperture satisfies the second preset condition and the objective function value of the optimized combination satisfies the first preset condition.

[0041] Optionally, the expression for the first optimization objective function is as follows:

[0042]

[0043] Where, ΔE nearfield ΔP represents the average difference in amplitude between the radiation patterns of the rectangular aperture before and after the shielding, within a preset angular range; nearfield E represents the average phase difference of the radiation pattern of the rectangular aperture before and after the shielding within a preset angle range; ant_nearfield (θ) and P ant_nearfield (θ) represent the first amplitude curve and the first phase curve of the rectangular aperture, respectively; E radome_nearfield (θ) and P radome_nearfield (θ) represents the second amplitude curve and the second phase curve of the rectangular aperture, respectively; N is the number of curve sampling points within the preset angle range;

[0044] The expression for the second optimization objective function is as follows:

[0045]

[0046] Where ΔE represents the average value of the amplitude difference between the radiation patterns of the antenna and the corresponding combination within a preset angle range; ΔP represents the phase difference between the radiation patterns of the antenna and the corresponding combination within a preset angle range; E ant (θ) and P ant (θ) represent the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna, respectively; E radome (θ) and P radome (θ) represent the amplitude curve and phase curve of the corresponding combination, respectively;

[0047] Optionally, the first preset condition is: ΔE ≤ Δe and ΔP ≤ Δp; the second preset condition is: ΔE nearfield ≤Δe and ΔP nearfield ≤Δp.

[0048] Optionally, the radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas further includes, before performing the step of preparing the radome based on the simulation model of the optimized radome: optimizing the dielectric constant and permeability of the absorbing material so that the return loss parameters of the optimized absorbing material meet a third preset condition within the incident angle range.

[0049] Optionally, the preset parameters include the length, width, height, thickness, and material of the initial radome, and the material of the initial radome is a wave-transparent material.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least one of the following advantages:

[0051] This invention provides a method for optimizing radomes for wide-beam antennas. By partitioning the radome into absorbing and transmitting zones, the amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna pattern within a preset angle range are significantly optimized. At the same time, the side lobes and back lobes of the antenna are greatly suppressed, and the influence of electromagnetic energy outside the field of view on the main lobe of the antenna is avoided. This effectively solves the problem of severe pattern distortion of wide-beam antennas with radomes.

[0052] This invention extracts and analyzes the far and near fields of a wide-beam antenna with a radome, optimizes the size of the rectangular aperture above the radome, thereby achieving a partitioned design of the radome's absorbing and transmitting zones, and ultimately realizing an optimized design for the radome.

[0053] This invention enables rapid optimization design of wide-beam radomes using the MATLAB platform, electromagnetic simulation software FEKO, and CST, greatly improving design efficiency; it features high efficiency, good performance, and strong adaptability.

[0054] This invention has strong scalability and can optimize the electrical performance of wide-beam radomes for any planar radome or conformal curved radome. Attached Figure Description

[0055] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating an radome optimization method for a wide-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 A comparison of the H-plane far-field radiation patterns of the antenna before and after the antenna is covered, in an antenna radome optimization method for a wide-beam antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 3 The near-field distribution of the electric and magnetic fields of a rectangular aperture before and after the radome is provided in an embodiment of the present invention for an antenna radome optimization method for a wide beam antenna;

[0058] Figure 4 The H-plane far-field radiation pattern corresponding to the rectangular aperture before and after the radome is provided in an embodiment of the present invention for an antenna radome optimization method for a wide beam antenna.

[0059] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the radome's absorbing and transmitting regions in a radome optimization method for a wide-beam antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the optimized radome structure in an embodiment of the present invention for a radome optimization method for a wide-beam antenna;

[0061] Figure 7 The image shows a mesh partitioning diagram of the radome in an radome optimization method for a wide-beam antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 8 A comparison of the radiation pattern amplitude of an antenna prepared using an antenna radome optimization method for a wide-beam antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention with that of an existing antenna radome;

[0063] Figure 9 A phase comparison of the radiation patterns of an antenna prepared using an antenna radome optimization method for a wide-beam antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention with those of an existing antenna radome. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas proposed in this invention. The advantages and features of this invention will become clearer from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, used only to facilitate and clearly illustrate the embodiments of this invention. Please refer to the drawings to make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are only for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the implementation conditions of this invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives achieved by this invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this invention.

[0065] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0066] Combined with appendix Figures 1-9As shown, this embodiment provides a method for optimizing a radome for a wide-beam antenna, including: Step S1, constructing a simulation model of the antenna based on a prototype; Step S2, constructing a simulation model of an initial radome based on preset parameters; Step S3, setting an initial rectangular aperture above the simulation model of the initial radome; Step S4, performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the antenna and the simulation model of the initial radome to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the initial rectangular aperture; Step S5, adjusting the parameters of the initial rectangular aperture based on a first optimization objective function, the amplitude curve, and the phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture. To obtain an optimized rectangular aperture; and the parameters of the initial rectangular aperture include the length, width, and center coordinates of the initial rectangular aperture; step S6, project the optimized rectangular aperture onto the surface of the simulation model of the initial radome to divide the simulation model of the initial radome into a wave-absorbing area and a wave-transmitting area; and the area on the simulation model of the initial radome located within the projection is the wave-transmitting area, and the area located outside the projection is the wave-absorbing area; step S7, fill the wave-transmitting area with wave-transmitting material and the wave-absorbing area with wave-absorbing material to obtain the simulation model of the optimized radome; and step S8, fabricate the radome according to the simulation model of the optimized radome.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, in step S1, the antenna can be a wide-beam antenna, and the 3dB beamwidth of the wide-beam antenna is greater than 20°. In step S2, the preset parameters include the length, width, height, thickness, and material of the initial radome, and the material of the initial radome is a wave-transparent material, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0068] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Before executing step S3, the process further includes: performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the antenna simulation model to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna; combining the antenna simulation model with the initial antenna radome simulation model according to the positional relationship between the antenna and the radome in actual application to obtain an initial combined simulation model; and in the initial combined simulation model, the initial antenna radome simulation model covers the outside of the antenna simulation model; performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the initial combined simulation model to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination; calculating the objective function value of the initial combination according to the second optimization objective function, the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna, and the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination; determining whether the objective function value of the initial combination satisfies the first preset condition; if not, executing step S3; if satisfied, directly preparing the radome according to the initial antenna radome simulation model.

[0069] It is understood that the steps of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the antenna include: performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the E-plane far-field radiation pattern and the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the antenna (e.g., ...). Figure 2 (as shown); based on the preset angle range and either the E-plane far-field pattern or the H-plane far-field pattern of the antenna, the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna are obtained.

[0070] It is understood that the step of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the initial combination includes: performing simulation calculations on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the E-plane far-field radiation pattern and the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the initial combination (e.g., Figure 2 (as shown); based on the preset angle range and either the E-plane far-field pattern or the H-plane far-field pattern of the initial combination, obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination.

[0071] Specifically, in this embodiment, the electromagnetic simulation software FEKO can be used to perform electromagnetic simulations on the antenna simulation model (i.e., the model before the antenna radome) and the initial combined simulation model (i.e., the model after the antenna radome), respectively, to calculate the far-field radiation patterns of the E-plane and H-plane of the models before and after the antenna radome, and to take the preset angle range, i.e., the wide beam cross-section target angle range [θ]. min ,θ max The amplitude curve E of the far-field radiation pattern in either the E-plane or H-plane before and after the antenna radome (the specific pattern is determined based on the actual antenna characteristics; in this embodiment, the H-plane far-field radiation pattern is used) described herein. ant (θ), E radome (θ) and phase curve P ant (θ), P radome (θ). More specifically, θ min and θ max The value of θ can be determined according to specific requirements; optional, θ min The value can be -60°, θ max The value can be 60°, but this invention is not limited to this.

[0072] Specifically, in this embodiment, the expression for the second optimization objective function is as follows:

[0073]

[0074] Where ΔE represents the average amplitude difference of the radiation pattern of the antenna and the corresponding combination (initial or optimized combination of antenna and radome) within a preset angle range; ΔP represents the average phase difference of the radiation pattern of the antenna and the corresponding combination (initial or optimized combination of antenna and radome) within a preset angle range; E ant (θ) and P ant (θ) represent the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna, respectively; E radome (θ) and P radome (θ) represents the amplitude curve and phase curve of the corresponding combination (initial or optimized combination of antenna-radome); θ represents any angle value within the preset angle range; N is the number of curve sampling points within the preset angle range. More specifically, the first preset condition is: ΔE≤Δe and ΔP≤Δp; optionally, Δe is 0.5dB, Δp is 10°, and N is 121, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0075] Specifically, in this embodiment, when the objective function value of the initial combination does not satisfy the first preset condition, step S3 is executed. At this time, a length of L can be set at a preset height Δh above the simulation model of the initial radome. x Width is L y The initial rectangular aperture with center coordinates (x0, y0) can be used as a near-field radiation source. Optionally, the preset height Δh is 1 mm, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0076] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Step S4 includes: Step S41, based on the full-wave simulation results before and after the antenna is covered, using the electromagnetic simulation software FEKO to extract the first electric field E on the initial rectangular aperture corresponding to the simulation model of the antenna, i.e., the initial rectangular aperture before the antenna is covered. ant (x,y,z) and the first magnetic field H ant Near-field distribution of (x,y,z) (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown), to calculate the first E-plane far-field pattern and the first H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture before the cover is applied (e.g. Figure 4 (As shown); Extract the second electric field E on the initial rectangular aperture corresponding to the simulation model of the initial combination, i.e., the initial rectangular aperture after the cover is applied. radome (x,y,z) and the second magnetic field H radome Near-field distribution of (x,y,z) (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown), to calculate the second E-plane far-field pattern and the second H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture after the cover is applied (e.g. Figure 4(As shown); Step S42: Based on the preset angle range and either the first E-plane far-field radiation pattern or the first H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the initial rectangular aperture before the cover is applied, obtain the first amplitude curve E of the initial rectangular aperture. ant_nearfield (θ) and the first phase curve P ant_nearfield (θ); Step S43: Based on the preset angle range and either the second E-plane far-field pattern or the second H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture after the cover is applied, obtain the second amplitude curve E of the initial rectangular aperture. radome_nearfield (θ) and the second phase curve P radome_nearfield (θ).

[0077] Step S5 includes: Step S51, calculating the objective function value of the initial rectangular aperture based on the first optimized objective function, the first amplitude curve, the first phase curve, the second amplitude curve, and the second phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture; Step S52, determining whether the objective function value of the initial rectangular aperture satisfies the second preset condition; if not, adjusting the length, width, and center coordinates of the initial rectangular aperture to obtain the optimized rectangular aperture that satisfies the second preset condition; if satisfied, projecting the initial rectangular aperture onto the surface of the simulation model of the initial radome to divide the simulation model of the initial radome into an absorbing region and a transmitting region.

[0078] Specifically, in this embodiment, the expression of the first optimization objective function is as follows:

[0079]

[0080] Where, ΔE nearfield ΔP represents the average difference in amplitude between the radiation patterns of the rectangular aperture before and after the shielding, within a preset angular range; nearfield E represents the average phase difference of the radiation pattern of the rectangular aperture before and after the shielding within a preset angle range; ant_nearfield (θ) and P ant_nearfield (θ) represent the first amplitude curve and the first phase curve of the rectangular aperture, respectively; E radome_nearfield (θ) and P radome_nearfield (θ) represent the second amplitude curve and the second phase curve of the rectangular aperture, respectively; N is the number of curve sampling points within the preset angle range; more specifically, the second preset condition is: ΔE nearfield ≤Δe and ΔP nearfield ≤Δp, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0081] Specifically, in this embodiment, after obtaining the optimized rectangular aperture that satisfies the second preset condition, step S6 can be used to partition the simulation model of the initial radome (e.g.,Figure 5 (as shown); subsequently, after filling the wave-transmitting region with wave-transmitting material and the wave-absorbing region with wave-absorbing material through step S7, the simulation model of the optimized radome can be obtained (as shown). Figure 6 As shown), it serves as the fabrication model for the radome in step S8.

[0082] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 1 Before executing step S8, the method further includes: combining the simulation model of the antenna with the simulation model of the optimized radome based on the positional relationship between the antenna and the radome in actual application to obtain an optimized simulation model; performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the optimized simulation model to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the optimized combination; calculating the objective function value of the optimized combination based on the first optimization objective function, the amplitude and phase curves of the antenna, and the amplitude and phase curves of the optimized combination; determining whether the objective function value of the optimized combination satisfies the first preset condition; if not, continuing to adjust the length, width, and center coordinates of the optimized rectangular aperture until the objective function value of the optimized rectangular aperture satisfies the second preset condition and the objective function value of the optimized combination satisfies the first preset condition, i.e., ΔE. nearfield ≤Δe、ΔP nearfield If ≤Δp, ΔE≤Δe and ΔP≤Δp are simultaneously satisfied, then step S8 is executed, that is, the radome is prepared according to the simulation model of the optimized radome.

[0083] It is understood that the step of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the optimized combination to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the optimized combination includes: performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the optimized combination to obtain the E-plane far-field radiation pattern and the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the optimized combination; and obtaining the amplitude curve and phase curve of the optimized combination based on the preset angle range and either the E-plane far-field radiation pattern or the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the optimized combination.

[0084] Specifically, in this embodiment, the electromagnetic simulation software FEKO is used to perform full-wave simulation on the optimized combination simulation model, i.e., the antenna-penetrating radome model, and to determine whether its objective function values ​​ΔE≤Δe and ΔP≤Δp are valid. If not, the rectangular aperture size parameters (x0, y0) and (L) are further optimized. x L y The process continues until the objective function value of the simulation model of the optimized combination meets the first preset condition, thereby realizing the final design of the absorbing zone and the transmitting zone, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0085] Specifically, before executing step S8, the method further includes: optimizing the values ​​of the dielectric constant ε and magnetic permeability μ of the absorbing material using electromagnetic simulation software CST, so that the return loss parameters of the optimized absorbing material meet a third preset condition within the incident angle range; and the third preset condition is: the return loss RL of the optimized absorbing material is ≥10dB within the first incident angle range (0°~50°), and ≥10dB within the second incident angle range (0°~50°). The return loss RL within the maximum average incident angle is ≥5dB.

[0086] More specifically, in this embodiment, the simulation model of the optimized radome can be divided according to a mesh (e.g., Figure 7 (As shown); then, based on the MATLAB platform, a wide-beam ray cluster of antennas is used to scan the outer wall of the simulation model of the optimized radome. The scanning range is theta∈[0°, 180°], phi∈[0°, 360°], where the scanning angle is the angle between the ray and the Z-axis. Subsequently, during the scanning process, the angle between the ray and the outer normal of the intersecting mesh element is counted, i.e., the incident angle. The weighted incident angle of the absorbing region in the simulation model of the optimized radome is calculated according to the weighted incident angle calculation formula, and its maximum value is taken as the average maximum incident angle of the optimized absorbing material performance. Furthermore, the formula for calculating the weighted incident angle is as follows:

[0087]

[0088] in, θ' represents the weighted incident angle; n represents the total number of rays; i P represents the incident angle of the i-th ray striking the corresponding grid cell; i This represents the power of the i-th ray.

[0089] Furthermore, in this embodiment, after fabricating the radome based on the simulation model of the optimized radome, a metal outer shell is typically also covered on the upper surface of the absorbing area. Further, from... Figure 8 and Figure 9 As can be seen, compared with the existing radomes, i.e., wave-transparent radomes, the radome prepared by the radome optimization method provided in this embodiment, i.e., the integrated wave-transparent radome, has significantly optimized the amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna pattern within a preset angle range. At the same time, the side lobes and back lobes of the antenna are greatly suppressed, which can effectively avoid the influence of electromagnetic energy outside the field of view on the main lobe of the antenna.

[0090] In summary, this embodiment provides a method for optimizing a radome for a wide-beam antenna. It involves constructing a simulation model of the antenna based on a prototype and a simulation model of an initial radome based on preset parameters. An initial rectangular aperture is set above the simulation model of the initial radome, and electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the antenna and the initial radome simulation models to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the initial rectangular aperture. The parameters of the initial rectangular aperture are adjusted according to a first optimization objective function, the amplitude curve, and the phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture to obtain the optimized radome. The initial rectangular aperture is defined by the following parameters: length, width, and center coordinates. The optimized rectangular aperture is projected orthographically onto the surface of a simulation model of the initial radome, dividing the simulation model into an absorbing region and a transparent region. The region within the projection on the simulation model is the transparent region, and the region outside the projection is the absorbing region. Transparent material is filled into the transparent region, and absorbing material is filled into the absorbing region to obtain the optimized radome simulation model. The radome is then fabricated based on the optimized radome simulation model. In this embodiment, by partitioning the radome into absorbing and transparent regions, the amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna pattern within a preset angle range are significantly optimized. Simultaneously, the side lobes and back lobes of the antenna are greatly suppressed, avoiding the influence of electromagnetic energy outside the field of view on the main lobe. This effectively solves the problem of severe pattern distortion in wide-beam antennas with radomes. This embodiment can also rely on the MATLAB platform, electromagnetic simulation software FEKO, and CST to achieve rapid optimization design of wide-beam radomes, greatly improving design efficiency; it features high efficiency, good performance, and strong adaptability. Furthermore, this embodiment has strong scalability, enabling optimization of the electrical performance of wide-beam radomes for any planar radome or conformal curved surface radome.

[0091] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing a radome for a wide-beam antenna, characterized in that, include: Based on the antenna prototype, construct a simulation model of the antenna; A simulation model of the initial radome is constructed based on preset parameters; An initial rectangular aperture is set above the simulation model of the initial radome; Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation models of the antenna and the initial radome to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture; The parameters of the initial rectangular aperture are adjusted according to the first optimization objective function, the amplitude curve and the phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture, to obtain the optimized rectangular aperture; and the parameters of the initial rectangular aperture include the length, width and center coordinates of the initial rectangular aperture; The optimized rectangular aperture is projected onto the surface of the simulation model of the initial radome to divide the simulation model of the initial radome into a wave-absorbing area and a wave-transmitting area; and the area on the simulation model of the initial radome that is inside the projection is the wave-transmitting area, and the area that is outside the projection is the wave-absorbing area. A simulation model of the optimized radome is obtained by filling the wave-transmitting area with wave-transmitting material and the wave-absorbing area with wave-absorbing material. as well as The radome is fabricated based on the simulation model of the optimized radome; Before performing the step of setting the initial rectangular aperture above the simulation model of the initial radome, the following steps are also included: Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna; The simulation model of the antenna is combined with the simulation model of the initial radome to obtain an initial combined simulation model; and the simulation model of the initial radome covers the outside of the simulation model of the antenna. Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination; The objective function value of the initial combination is calculated based on the second optimization objective function, the amplitude and phase curves of the antenna, and the amplitude and phase curves of the initial combination. Determine whether the objective function value of the initial combination satisfies the first preset condition; if not, set the initial rectangular aperture above the simulation model of the initial radome.

2. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steps of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna include: Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the antenna to obtain the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna in the E-plane and the far-field radiation pattern in the H-plane. The amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna are obtained based on a preset angle range and either the E-plane far-field radiation pattern or the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the antenna.

3. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The steps of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the initial combination include: Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the initial combination to obtain the E-plane far-field radiation pattern and the H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the initial combination. Based on the preset angle range and either the E-plane far-field pattern or the H-plane far-field pattern of the initial combination, obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the initial combination.

4. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The steps of performing electromagnetic simulation calculations on the simulation models of the antenna and the initial radome to obtain the amplitude and phase curves of the initial rectangular aperture include: Extract the first electric field and the first magnetic field on the initial rectangular aperture corresponding to the simulation model of the antenna, so as to calculate the first E-plane far-field pattern and the first H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture before the cover is applied; Extract the second electric field and the second magnetic field on the initial rectangular aperture corresponding to the simulation model of the initial combination, so as to calculate the second E-plane far-field pattern and the second H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture after the cover is applied; Based on the preset angle range and either the first E-plane far-field radiation pattern or the first H-plane far-field radiation pattern of the initial rectangular aperture before the cover is applied, obtain the first amplitude curve and the first phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture. Based on the preset angle range and either the second E-plane far-field pattern or the second H-plane far-field pattern of the initial rectangular aperture after the cover is applied, obtain the second amplitude curve and the second phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture.

5. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The steps of adjusting the parameters of the initial rectangular aperture according to the first optimization objective function, the amplitude curve and the phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture to obtain the optimized rectangular aperture include: The objective function value of the initial rectangular aperture is calculated based on the first optimization objective function, the first amplitude curve, the first phase curve, the second amplitude curve, and the second phase curve of the initial rectangular aperture; Determine whether the objective function value of the initial rectangular aperture meets the second preset condition; if not, adjust the length, width, and center coordinates of the initial rectangular aperture to obtain the optimized rectangular aperture that meets the second preset condition.

6. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Before performing the step of fabricating the radome based on the optimized radome simulation model, the following steps are also included: The simulation model of the antenna is combined with the simulation model of the optimized radome to obtain an optimized combined simulation model. Electromagnetic simulation calculations are performed on the simulation model of the optimized combination to obtain the amplitude curve and phase curve of the optimized combination; The objective function value of the optimization combination is calculated based on the second optimization objective function, the amplitude and phase curves of the antenna, and the amplitude and phase curves of the optimization combination. Determine whether the objective function value of the optimized combination satisfies the first preset condition; If not, continue to adjust the length, width, and center coordinates of the optimized rectangular aperture so that the objective function value of the optimized rectangular aperture satisfies the second preset condition and the objective function value of the optimized combination satisfies the first preset condition.

7. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The expression for the first optimization objective function is as follows: Where, Δ E nearfield This represents the average difference in amplitude between the radiation patterns of the rectangular aperture before and after the shielding, within a preset angular range; Δ P nearfield This represents the average phase difference of the radiation pattern of the rectangular aperture before and after the shielding within a preset angle range; E ant_nearfield (θ) and P ant_nearfield (θ) represent the first amplitude curve and the first phase curve of the rectangular aperture, respectively; E radome_nearfield (θ) and P radome_nearfield (θ) represents the second amplitude curve and the second phase curve of the rectangular aperture, respectively; N is the number of curve sampling points within the preset angle range; The expression for the second optimization objective function is as follows: Where, Δ E This represents the average value of the amplitude difference between the radiation patterns of the antenna and its corresponding combination within a preset angular range; Δ P This indicates the phase difference between the antenna and the radiation pattern of the corresponding combination within a preset angular range; E ant (θ) and P ant (θ) represent the amplitude curve and phase curve of the antenna, respectively; E radome (θ) and P radome (θ) represents the amplitude curve and phase curve of the corresponding combination, respectively.

8. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before performing the step of preparing the radome based on the simulation model of the optimized radome, the method further includes: optimizing the dielectric constant and permeability of the absorbing material so that the return loss parameters of the optimized absorbing material meet the third preset condition within the incident angle range.

9. The radome optimization method for wide-beam antennas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset parameters include the length, width, height, thickness, and material of the initial radome, and the material of the initial radome is a wave-transparent material.

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