Fuel cell gas supply system with humidity utilization and wide-range adaptive energy recovery

Abstract

The application provides a fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptive energy recovery, and relates to the technical field of test platforms.The fuel cell gas supply system comprises an adjustable nozzle turbine, a gas-liquid separator, a first atomizing nozzle, a second atomizing nozzle, a first air compressor, a second air compressor and a motor.The adjustable nozzle turbine adjusts the nozzle opening degree, so that the turbine operates in an efficient area.The adjustable nozzle turbine is connected with the gas-liquid separator, and the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle are used to realize the atomization of liquid water.The first air compressor is connected with the adjustable nozzle turbine, and the first air compressor is driven by the adjustable nozzle turbine.The second air compressor is connected with the motor, and the second air compressor is driven by the motor.The first air compressor and the second air compressor are used to realize air compression.The application effectively increases the air compressor gas supply pressure, improves the environmental protection and working medium sustainable utilization of the test platform, improves the turbine power output utilization rate, and reduces the motor power consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental platform technology, and more specifically, to a fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery. Background Technology

[0002] Given the current global shortage of traditional energy sources and severe environmental pollution, fuel cell engines, with their high efficiency, energy saving, and zero emissions, have ignited a new direction for the future development of the automotive industry. As a core component of the engine system, the fuel cell supply system directly affects the engine's operational stability, power output, and efficiency. Therefore, designing a fuel cell gas supply system that incorporates moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability for energy recovery is extremely important.

[0003] Existing fuel cell energy recovery systems suffer from technical problems such as limited turbine performance across all operating conditions, low air compressor supply pressure, low cathode exhaust energy utilization under low flow and low pressure operating conditions, low environmental friendliness and sustainable utilization of working fluid in test platform operation, low turbine power output utilization, and high motor power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention proposes a fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery, comprising: an adjustable nozzle turbine, a gas-liquid separator, a first atomizing nozzle, a second atomizing nozzle, a first air compressor, a second air compressor, and a motor.

[0005] The adjustable nozzle turbine adjusts the nozzle opening, allowing the turbine to operate in the high-efficiency zone;

[0006] The adjustable nozzle turbine is connected to the gas-liquid separator, which is used to separate the air and liquid water at the outlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine.

[0007] The first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle are used to atomize liquid water;

[0008] The first air compressor is connected to the adjustable nozzle turbine and is driven by the adjustable nozzle turbine. The second air compressor is connected to the motor and is driven by the motor. The first air compressor and the second air compressor are used to achieve air compression.

[0009] Preferably, the inlet pipe of the adjustable nozzle turbine is equipped with a gas flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity sensor, and the outlet pipe of the adjustable nozzle turbine is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity sensor.

[0010] Preferably, the gas-liquid separator has a gas-liquid separator inlet, a gas-liquid separator first outlet, and a gas-liquid separator second outlet. The gas-liquid separator inlet is connected to the outlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine. The gas-liquid separator first outlet is used for venting, and the gas-liquid separator second outlet is used to discharge the liquid water generated by the expansion and condensation of high-humidity air in the adjustable nozzle turbine.

[0011] Preferably, an intermediate liquid storage tank is provided downstream of the second outlet of the gas-liquid separator. The intermediate liquid storage tank includes an intermediate liquid storage tank inlet, an intermediate liquid storage tank outlet, an intermediate liquid storage tank water inlet, and an intermediate liquid storage tank drain outlet.

[0012] The inlet of the intermediate liquid storage tank is connected to the second outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and an auxiliary electronic water pump is also provided in the downstream pipeline of the outlet of the intermediate liquid storage tank. The auxiliary electronic water pump is used to supply water to the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle.

[0013] A first electric valve is installed downstream of the drain port of the intermediate liquid storage tank;

[0014] The downstream pipeline of the intermediate liquid storage tank outlet includes a first liquid supply branch and a second liquid supply branch. The intermediate liquid storage tank outlet, the upstream end of the first liquid supply branch, and the upstream end of the second liquid supply branch are connected by a T-junction. The downstream end of the first liquid supply branch is connected to the first atomizing nozzle, and the downstream end of the second liquid supply branch is connected to the second atomizing nozzle.

[0015] Preferably, the first atomizing nozzle is placed in the inlet pipe of the first air compressor, and the second atomizing nozzle is placed in the inlet pipe of the second air compressor. Both the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle are provided with an atomization particle size adjustment knob.

[0016] Both the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle include a water inlet, an air inlet, and an atomization outlet. The water inlet and the downstream end of the first liquid supply branch are connected to the downstream end of the second liquid supply branch. The air inlets of the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle are respectively connected to the downstream end of the air supply pipeline. The air supply pipeline includes a first air supply pipeline and a second air supply pipeline.

[0017] Preferably, both the first liquid supply branch and the second liquid supply branch are equipped with a first electric regulating valve with a pressure gauge, a second electric regulating valve with a pressure gauge, and a rotor flow meter; both the first gas supply pipeline and the second gas supply pipeline are equipped with a third electric regulating valve with a pressure gauge, a fourth electric regulating valve, and a rotor flow meter.

[0018] Preferably, the first air compressor inlet pipeline further includes a first double-twist flow meter, the outlet of the first double-twist flow meter being connected to the upstream end of the first air compressor inlet pipeline; the connection between the outlet of the first double-twist flow meter and the upstream end of the first air compressor inlet pipeline is a flexible connection;

[0019] The first air compressor inlet pipe is also provided with a working fluid flow shaping device, which includes a first inlet and a first outlet. The first inlet is connected to the outlet of the first air compressor, and the first outlet is connected to the inlet of the air compressor.

[0020] The working fluid flow shaping device includes an upper DC section, a honeycomb rectifier plate, and a lower DC section. One end of the upper DC section is the first inlet of the working fluid flow shaping device. The honeycomb rectifier plate is fastened between the upper DC section and the lower DC section. The outlet of the lower DC section is the first outlet of the working fluid flow shaping device.

[0021] Temperature and humidity sensors are also installed on the lower DC section.

[0022] The first air compressor is connected to the adjustable nozzle turbine via a drive shaft.

[0023] Preferably, the outlet of the first air compressor is connected to the inlet pipeline of the second air compressor;

[0024] The second air compressor inlet pipeline includes a first intake pipeline, a second intake pipeline and a main intake pipeline. The upstream end of the first intake pipeline is connected to the outlet of the first air compressor, the upstream end of the second intake pipeline is connected to the atmosphere, and the downstream ends of the first intake pipeline, the downstream ends of the second intake pipeline and the upstream end of the main intake pipeline are connected by a tee.

[0025] The first intake pipe is equipped with a first shut-off valve, the second intake pipe is equipped with a second shut-off valve, and the main intake pipe is equipped with a second atomizing nozzle.

[0026] The upstream end of the second intake pipe is connected to the second double-twisted flow meter, and the downstream pipe of the second atomizing nozzle of the main intake pipe is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

[0027] The upstream end of the second air compressor outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the second air compressor, and the downstream end of the second air compressor outlet pipe is connected to the air source tank. The second air compressor outlet pipe also includes a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe.

[0028] The outlet pipe of the second air compressor is equipped with an intercooler;

[0029] The second air compressor outlet pipe is also equipped with a second electric valve, the first exhaust pipe is equipped with a main electric exhaust valve, and the second exhaust pipe is equipped with an auxiliary electric exhaust valve. The main electric exhaust valve and the auxiliary electric exhaust valve are used to regulate the flow rate of the working fluid in the pipe. At the same time, the second electric valve is opened and closed cyclically according to the rated pressure indication value in the air source tank.

[0030] The outlet pipeline of the second air compressor is also equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a humidity sensor.

[0031] Preferably, the gas source tank is a wet gas source tank, including a first gas source tank inlet, a first gas source tank outlet, a second gas source tank outlet, a gas source tank drain port, a gas source tank safety valve, and a gas source tank pressure gauge. The first gas source tank inlet is connected to the outlet pipeline of the second air compressor, the first gas source tank outlet is connected to the inlet pipeline of the adjustable nozzle turbine, and the second gas source tank outlet is connected to both the first gas supply pipeline and the second gas supply pipeline.

[0032] Preferably, the fuel cell gas supply platform further includes an adjustable nozzle turbine moisture reconditioning system. The adjustable nozzle turbine moisture reconditioning system includes a steam generator, a temperature-controlled mixing chamber, a fifth electric regulating valve, and a sixth electric regulating valve. The steam generator provides moisture that meets the temperature and humidity requirements according to the thermal state of the target working fluid. The temperature-controlled mixing chamber mixes the working fluid from the gas source tank with the moisture and regulates the temperature of the mixed working fluid. The fifth electric regulating valve regulates the working fluid supply flow rate of the steam generator, and the sixth electric regulating valve regulates the working fluid flow rate of the gas source tank.

[0033] The outlet of the temperature-controlled mixing chamber is connected to the inlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine via a pipeline, and a seventh electric regulating valve is provided on the pipeline between the outlet of the temperature-controlled mixing chamber and the inlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0035] The adjustable nozzle turbine can adjust the nozzle opening according to the actual operating conditions of the fuel cell to improve the cathode exhaust energy utilization rate of the fuel cell stack under low flow and low pressure conditions, while ensuring the efficient operation of the adjustable nozzle turbine under high flow and high intake pressure conditions, and thus enabling the turbine to continuously operate in the high-efficiency range according to the stack operating conditions.

[0036] The first air compressor is driven by a turbine. The speed of the first air compressor is a follow-up variable, while the turbine speed is not limited. When the fuel cell stack is running at a certain operating point, the total energy recovery increases significantly, which significantly improves the specific power of the first air compressor and thus effectively increases the air supply pressure of the air compressor.

[0037] The working fluid humidification water for the first and second air compressors consists of condensate from the expansion of humid air inside the turbine and external injection, which realizes the wet utilization of condensate and improves the environmental friendliness of the test platform operation and the sustainable utilization of the working fluid.

[0038] The first and second air compressors humidify the working fluid before intake, which significantly reduces the thermal efficiency and work capacity of the air compressors, thereby improving the turbine power output utilization rate and reducing motor power consumption.

[0039] The auxiliary drive motor is no longer installed between the first air compressor and the turbine, which significantly reduces the investment in the test platform equipment. In addition, the test platform components have a low space occupancy rate, and the entire test platform system has a compact structure.

[0040] The fuel cell gas supply system of the present invention includes an adjustable nozzle turbine moisture reconditioning system, which can humidify the compressed gas stored in the gas tank according to the actual exhaust humidity of a certain fuel cell, and ensure the normal operation of the steam generator and the temperature-controlled mixing chamber, so as to realize the preparation of the turbine's target thermodynamic state of the intake wet working fluid, and can truly reflect the energy recovery efficiency of the adjustable nozzle turbine for the stack exhaust at the design point and non-design point. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery as described in this invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable nozzle turbine structure described in this invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working fluid flow straightening device described in this invention.

[0045] In the diagram: 1. Adjustable nozzle turbine; 2. Gas-liquid separator; 3. Intermediate liquid storage tank; 4. Auxiliary electric water pump; 5. First electric valve; 6. First electric regulating valve; 7. Second electric regulating valve; 8. First double-twist flow meter; 9. First atomizing nozzle; 10. Working fluid flow shaping device; 11. Third electric regulating valve; 12. Fourth electric regulating valve; 13. Second atomizing nozzle; 14. First shut-off valve; 15. Second double-twist flow meter; 16. Second shut-off valve; 17. First air compressor; 18. Second air compressor. 19. Compressor; 20. Motor; 21. Main electric exhaust valve; 22. Auxiliary electric exhaust valve; 23. Second electric valve; 24. Intercooler; 25. Gas source tank; 26. Fifth electric regulating valve; 27. Temperature-controlled mixing chamber; 28. Sixth electric regulating valve; 29. ​​Steam generator; 101. First support plate; 102. Second support plate; 103. Nozzle guide vane; 104. Nut; 105. Bolt; 1001. Upper DC section; 1002. Honeycomb rectifier plate; 1003. Lower DC section. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention proposes a fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery, including: an adjustable nozzle turbine 1, a gas-liquid separator 2, a first atomizing nozzle 9, a second atomizing nozzle 13, a first air compressor 17, a second air compressor 18, and a motor 19.

[0048] The motor 19 is a DC motor;

[0049] The adjustable nozzle turbine 1 adjusts the nozzle opening based on the simulated thermodynamic state of the fuel cell stack cathode exhaust, so that the turbine operates in the high-efficiency zone, while ensuring that the turbine also has high energy recovery characteristics.

[0050] The adjustable nozzle turbine 1 is connected to the gas-liquid separator 2, which is used to separate the air and liquid water at the outlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1.

[0051] The first atomizing nozzle 9 and the second atomizing nozzle 13 are used to atomize liquid water, thereby increasing the moisture content of the working fluid in the first air compressor 17 and the second air compressor 18.

[0052] The first air compressor 17 is connected to the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 and is driven by the adjustable nozzle turbine 1. The second air compressor 18 is connected to the motor 19 and is driven by the motor 19. The first air compressor 17 and the second air compressor 18 together realize the air compression process.

[0053] The adjustable nozzle turbine 1 includes: a first support plate 101, a second support plate 102, a nozzle guide vane 103, a nut 104, and a bolt 105.

[0054] Furthermore, the nozzle opening of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 is related to the simulated fuel cell output power. When the simulated fuel cell output power is large, the fuel cell cathode exhaust pressure is high, so the nozzle opening is increased; when the simulated fuel cell output power is small, the fuel cell cathode exhaust pressure is low, so the nozzle opening is decreased in order to increase the expansion ratio.

[0055] Furthermore, the inlet pipe of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 is equipped with a gas flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity sensor, and the outlet pipe of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity sensor.

[0056] Furthermore, the gas-liquid separator 2 has a gas-liquid separator 2 inlet, a gas-liquid separator 2 first outlet, and a gas-liquid separator 2 second outlet. The gas-liquid separator 2 inlet is connected to the outlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1. The gas-liquid separator 2 first outlet is used for venting, and the gas-liquid separator 2 second outlet is used to discharge the liquid water generated by the expansion and condensation of high-humidity air in the adjustable nozzle turbine 1.

[0057] Furthermore, an intermediate liquid storage tank 3 is provided downstream of the second outlet of the gas-liquid separator 2. The intermediate liquid storage tank 3 includes an intermediate liquid storage tank 3 inlet, an intermediate liquid storage tank 3 outlet, an intermediate liquid storage tank 3 water inlet, and an intermediate liquid storage tank 3 drain outlet.

[0058] The inlet of the intermediate liquid storage tank 3 is connected to the second outlet of the gas-liquid separator 2. The downstream pipeline of the outlet of the intermediate liquid storage tank 3 is also equipped with an auxiliary electronic water pump 4, which is used to supply water to the first atomizing nozzle 9 and the second atomizing nozzle 13.

[0059] A first electric valve 5 is installed downstream of the drain port of the intermediate liquid storage tank 3. When the water in the intermediate liquid storage tank 3 is higher than the rated storage capacity, the first electric valve 5 is opened to discharge the excess liquid water.

[0060] The downstream pipeline of the intermediate liquid storage tank 3 outlet includes a first liquid supply branch and a second liquid supply branch. The outlet of the intermediate liquid storage tank 3, the upstream end of the first liquid supply branch, and the upstream end of the second liquid supply branch are connected by a T-junction. The downstream end of the first liquid supply branch is connected to the first atomizing nozzle 9, and the downstream end of the second liquid supply branch is connected to the second atomizing nozzle 13.

[0061] Furthermore, the first atomizing nozzle 9 is placed in the inlet pipe of the first air compressor 17, and the second atomizing nozzle 13 is placed in the inlet pipe of the second air compressor 18. Both the first atomizing nozzle 9 and the second atomizing nozzle 13 are equipped with atomizing particle size adjustment knob, and the adjustable range of spray droplet size is 10-50 micrometers.

[0062] Both the first atomizing nozzle 9 and the second atomizing nozzle 13 include a water inlet, an air inlet, and an atomization outlet. The water inlet is connected to the downstream end of the first liquid supply branch and the downstream end of the second liquid supply branch. The air inlet of the first atomizing nozzle 9 and the air inlet of the second atomizing nozzle 13 are respectively connected to the downstream end of the air supply pipeline. The air supply pipeline includes a first air supply pipeline and a second air supply pipeline.

[0063] Furthermore, both the first and second liquid supply branches are equipped with a first electric regulating valve 6 with a pressure gauge, a second electric regulating valve 7 with a pressure gauge, and a rotor flow meter. Both the first and second gas supply lines are equipped with a third electric regulating valve 11 with a pressure gauge, a fourth electric regulating valve 12 with a pressure gauge, and a rotor flow meter.

[0064] Furthermore, the inlet pipe of the first air compressor 17 also includes a first double-twist flow meter 8, the outlet of the first double-twist flow meter 8 is connected to the upstream end of the inlet pipe of the first air compressor 17; the connection between the outlet of the first double-twist flow meter 8 and the upstream end of the inlet pipe of the first air compressor 17 is a flexible connection.

[0065] The first air compressor 17 is also provided with a working fluid flow shaping device 10. The working fluid flow shaping device 10 includes a first inlet and a first outlet. The first inlet of the working fluid flow shaping device 10 is connected to the outlet of the first air compressor 17, and the first outlet of the working fluid flow shaping device 10 is connected to the inlet of the air compressor.

[0066] The working fluid flow shaping device 10 includes an upper DC section 1001, a honeycomb rectifier plate 1002, and a lower DC section 1003. The upstream end of the upper DC section 1001 is the first inlet of the working fluid flow shaping device 10. The honeycomb rectifier plate 1002 is fastened between the upper DC section 1001 and the lower DC section 1003. The outlet of the lower DC section 1003 is the first outlet of the working fluid flow shaping device 10.

[0067] The length of the lower DC section 1003 of the working fluid flow shaping device 10 is twice the length of the upper DC section 1001, and a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor are also installed on the lower DC section 1003.

[0068] The first air compressor 17 is connected to the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 via a drive shaft.

[0069] Furthermore, the outlet of the first air compressor 17 is connected to the inlet pipe of the second air compressor 18;

[0070] The inlet pipe of the second air compressor 18 includes a first intake pipe, a second intake pipe and a main intake pipe. The upstream end of the first intake pipe is connected to the outlet of the first air compressor 17, the upstream end of the second intake pipe is connected to the atmosphere, and the downstream ends of the first intake pipe, the downstream ends of the second intake pipe and the upstream end of the main intake pipe are connected by a tee.

[0071] The first intake pipe is equipped with a first shut-off valve 14, the second intake pipe is equipped with a second shut-off valve 16, and the main intake pipe is equipped with a second atomizing nozzle 13.

[0072] Furthermore, the opening and closing of the first shut-off valve 14 and the second shut-off valve 16 are related to the simulated operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, wherein the simulated peak operating pressure of the fuel cell stack is p. peak When the simulated operating pressure of the fuel cell stack is below 0.2 pA... peak When the simulated operating pressure of the fuel cell stack is higher than 0.2 pA, the first shut-off valve 14 is closed and the second shut-off valve 16 is open. peak When the first shut-off valve 14 is open, the second shut-off valve 16 is closed.

[0073] The upstream end of the second air intake pipe is connected to the second double-twist flow meter 15, and the downstream pipe of the second atomizing nozzle 13 of the main air intake pipe is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor.

[0074] The upstream end of the outlet pipe of the second air compressor 18 is connected to the outlet of the second air compressor 18, and the downstream end of the outlet pipe of the second air compressor 18 is connected to the air source tank 24. The outlet pipe of the second air compressor 18 also includes a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe.

[0075] The outlet pipe of the second air compressor 18 is equipped with an intercooler 23;

[0076] A second electric valve 22 is also provided on the outlet pipe of the second air compressor 18. A main electric exhaust valve 20 is provided on the first exhaust pipe, and an auxiliary electric exhaust valve 21 is provided on the second exhaust pipe. The main electric exhaust valve 20 and the auxiliary electric exhaust valve 21 are used to regulate the flow rate of the working fluid in the pipeline. At the same time, the second electric valve 22 is opened and closed cyclically according to the rated pressure indication value in the air source tank 24. The second electric valve 22, the main electric exhaust valve 20, and the auxiliary electric exhaust valve 21 work together to realize the air source storage and working condition regulation functions of the test platform.

[0077] The outlet pipe of the second air compressor 18 is also equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a humidity sensor;

[0078] The inlet pipeline of the second air compressor 18 includes a first intake pipeline and a second intake pipeline. It can be driven in a single stage or used as a second-stage compressor in a multi-stage compression process. Therefore, different pipeline layouts and opening / closing test schemes can be selected based on the simulated fuel cell load conditions. When the simulated fuel cell stack is running under start-up, shutdown or low load conditions, the second air compressor 18 is a single-stage compressor. When the simulated fuel cell stack is running under medium to high load conditions, the second air compressor 18 is a second-stage compressor.

[0079] Furthermore, the gas source tank 24 is a wet gas source tank 24, including a first inlet of the gas source tank 24, a first outlet of the gas source tank 24, a second outlet of the gas source tank 24, a drain port of the gas source tank 24, a safety valve of the gas source tank 24, and a pressure gauge of the gas source tank 24. The first inlet of the gas source tank 24 is connected to the outlet pipeline of the second air compressor 18, the first outlet of the gas source tank 24 is connected to the inlet pipeline of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1, and the second outlet of the gas source tank 24 is connected to the first gas supply pipeline and the second gas supply pipeline respectively.

[0080] Furthermore, the fuel cell gas supply platform also includes an adjustable nozzle turbine 1 moisture reconditioning system. The adjustable nozzle turbine 1 moisture reconditioning system includes a steam generator 28, a temperature-controlled mixing chamber 26, a fifth electric regulating valve 25, and a sixth electric regulating valve 27. The steam generator 28 provides moisture that meets the temperature and humidity requirements according to the target working fluid's thermodynamic state. The temperature-controlled mixing chamber 26 mixes the working fluid from the gas source tank 24 with the moisture and regulates the temperature of the mixed working fluid. The fifth electric regulating valve 25 regulates the working fluid supply flow rate of the steam generator 28, and the sixth electric regulating valve 27 regulates the working fluid flow rate of the gas source tank 24.

[0081] The outlet of the temperature-controlled mixing chamber 26 is connected to the inlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 via a pipeline, and a seventh electric regulating valve 29 is provided on the pipeline between the outlet of the temperature-controlled mixing chamber and the inlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1.

[0082] In this invention, the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 can adjust the nozzle opening according to the actual operating conditions of the fuel cell to improve the cathode exhaust energy utilization rate of the fuel cell stack under low flow and low pressure operating conditions, while ensuring the efficient operation of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 under high flow and high intake pressure operating conditions, and thus enabling the turbine to continuously operate in the high efficiency zone according to the stack operating conditions.

[0083] The first air compressor 17 is driven only by a turbine. The speed of the first air compressor 17 is a follow-up variable, and the turbine speed is not limited. When the fuel cell stack is running at a certain operating point, the total energy recovery increases significantly, which significantly improves the specific power of the first air compressor 17, thereby effectively increasing the air supply pressure of the air compressor.

[0084] The working fluid humidification water of the first air compressor 17 and the second air compressor 18 is composed of condensate from the expansion of humid air inside the turbine and external injection, realizing the wet utilization of condensate and improving the environmental friendliness of the test platform operation and the sustainable utilization of the working fluid.

[0085] The first air compressor 17 and the second air compressor 18 perform a humidification operation on the working fluid before intake, which significantly reduces the thermal efficiency and work capacity of the air compressor, thereby improving the turbine power output utilization rate and reducing the power consumption of the motor 19.

[0086] The auxiliary drive motor 19 is no longer installed between the first air compressor 17 and the turbine, thus significantly reducing the investment in the test platform equipment. In addition, the test platform components have a low space occupancy rate, and the entire test platform system has a compact structure.

[0087] The fuel cell gas supply system of the present invention includes an adjustable nozzle turbine 1 moisture reconditioning system, which can humidify the compressed gas stored in the gas tank according to the actual exhaust humidity of a certain fuel cell, and ensure the normal operation of the steam generator 28 and the temperature-controlled mixing chamber 26, so as to realize the preparation of the turbine's target thermodynamic state of the intake wet working fluid, and can truly reflect the recovery efficiency of the adjustable nozzle turbine 1 for the stack exhaust energy at the design point and non-design point.

[0088] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0089] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability for energy recovery, characterized in that, include: Adjustable nozzle turbine, gas-liquid separator, first atomizing nozzle, second atomizing nozzle, first air compressor, second air compressor, motor; The adjustable nozzle turbine adjusts the nozzle opening, allowing the turbine to operate in the high-efficiency zone; The adjustable nozzle turbine is connected to the gas-liquid separator, which is used to separate the air and liquid water at the outlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine. The first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle are used to atomize liquid water; The first air compressor is connected to the adjustable nozzle turbine and is driven by the adjustable nozzle turbine. The second air compressor is connected to the motor and is driven by the motor. The first air compressor and the second air compressor are used to achieve air compression. The inlet pipe of the adjustable nozzle turbine is equipped with a gas flow meter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity sensor, and the outlet pipe of the adjustable nozzle turbine is equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and a humidity sensor. The gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas-liquid separator inlet, a gas-liquid separator first outlet, and a gas-liquid separator second outlet. The gas-liquid separator inlet is connected to the outlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine. The gas-liquid separator first outlet is used for venting, and the gas-liquid separator second outlet is used to discharge the liquid water generated by the expansion and condensation of high-humidity air in the adjustable nozzle turbine. A liquid storage tank is provided downstream of the second outlet of the gas-liquid separator. The liquid storage tank includes a liquid storage tank inlet, a liquid storage tank outlet, a liquid storage tank water inlet, and a liquid storage tank drain outlet. The inlet of the intermediate liquid storage tank is connected to the second outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and an auxiliary electronic water pump is also provided in the downstream pipeline of the outlet of the intermediate liquid storage tank. The auxiliary electronic water pump is used to supply water to the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle. A first electric valve is installed downstream of the drain port of the intermediate liquid storage tank; The downstream pipeline of the intermediate liquid storage tank outlet includes a first liquid supply branch and a second liquid supply branch. The intermediate liquid storage tank outlet, the upstream end of the first liquid supply branch, and the upstream end of the second liquid supply branch are connected by a tee. The downstream end of the first liquid supply branch is connected to the first atomizing nozzle, and the downstream end of the second liquid supply branch is connected to the second atomizing nozzle. The first atomizing nozzle is placed in the inlet pipe of the first air compressor, and the second atomizing nozzle is placed in the inlet pipe of the second air compressor. Both the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle are equipped with an atomization particle size adjustment knob. Both the first atomizing nozzle and the second atomizing nozzle include a water inlet, an air inlet, and an atomization outlet. The water inlet of the first atomizing nozzle and the water inlet of the second atomizing nozzle are respectively connected to the downstream end of the first liquid supply branch and the downstream end of the second liquid supply branch. The air inlet of the first atomizing nozzle and the air inlet of the second atomizing nozzle are respectively connected to the downstream end of the air supply pipeline. The air supply pipeline includes a first air supply pipeline and a second air supply pipeline.

2. The fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the first liquid supply branch and the second liquid supply branch are equipped with a first electric regulating valve with a pressure gauge, a second electric regulating valve with a pressure gauge, and a rotor flow meter. Both the first gas supply line and the second gas supply line are equipped with a third electric regulating valve with a pressure gauge, a fourth electric regulating valve, and a rotor flow meter.

3. The fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first air compressor inlet pipeline also includes a first double-twist flow meter, the outlet of which is connected to the upstream end of the first air compressor inlet pipeline; the connection between the outlet of the first double-twist flow meter and the upstream end of the first air compressor inlet pipeline is a flexible connection; The first air compressor inlet pipe is also provided with a working fluid flow shaping device, which includes a first inlet and a first outlet. The first inlet is connected to the outlet of the first air compressor, and the first outlet is connected to the inlet of the first air compressor. The working fluid flow shaping device includes an upper DC section, a honeycomb rectifier plate, and a lower DC section. One end of the upper DC section is the first inlet of the working fluid flow shaping device. The honeycomb rectifier plate is fastened between the upper DC section and the lower DC section. The outlet of the lower DC section is the first outlet of the working fluid flow shaping device. Temperature and humidity sensors are also installed on the lower DC section; The first air compressor is connected to the adjustable nozzle turbine via a drive shaft.

4. The fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outlet of the first air compressor is connected to the inlet pipeline of the second air compressor; The second air compressor inlet pipeline includes a first intake pipeline, a second intake pipeline and a main intake pipeline. The upstream end of the first intake pipeline is connected to the outlet of the first air compressor, the upstream end of the second intake pipeline is connected to the atmosphere, and the downstream ends of the first intake pipeline, the downstream ends of the second intake pipeline and the upstream end of the main intake pipeline are connected by a tee. The first intake pipe is equipped with a first shut-off valve, the second intake pipe is equipped with a second shut-off valve, and the main intake pipe is equipped with a second atomizing nozzle. The upstream end of the second intake pipe is connected to the second double-twisted flow meter, and the downstream pipe of the second atomizing nozzle of the main intake pipe is also equipped with a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor. The upstream end of the second air compressor outlet pipe is connected to the outlet of the second air compressor, and the downstream end of the second air compressor outlet pipe is connected to the air source tank. The second air compressor outlet pipe also includes a first exhaust pipe and a second exhaust pipe. The outlet pipe of the second air compressor is equipped with an intercooler; The second air compressor outlet pipe is also equipped with a second electric valve, the first exhaust pipe is equipped with a main electric exhaust valve, and the second exhaust pipe is equipped with an auxiliary electric exhaust valve. The main electric exhaust valve and the auxiliary electric exhaust valve are used to regulate the flow rate of the working fluid in the pipe. At the same time, the second electric valve is opened and closed cyclically according to the rated pressure indication value in the air source tank. The outlet pipeline of the second air compressor is also equipped with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a humidity sensor.

5. The fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gas source tank is a wet gas source tank, including a first gas source tank inlet, a first gas source tank outlet, a second gas source tank outlet, a gas source tank drain port, a gas source tank safety valve, and a gas source tank pressure gauge. The first gas source tank inlet is connected to the outlet pipeline of the second air compressor, the first gas source tank outlet is connected to the inlet pipeline of the adjustable nozzle turbine, and the second gas source tank outlet is connected to both the first gas supply pipeline and the second gas supply pipeline.

6. The fuel cell gas supply system with moisture utilization and wide-range adaptability energy recovery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The fuel cell gas supply system also includes an adjustable nozzle turbine moisture reconditioning system. The adjustable nozzle turbine moisture reconditioning system includes a steam generator, a temperature-controlled mixing chamber, a fifth electric regulating valve, and a sixth electric regulating valve. The steam generator provides moisture that meets the temperature and humidity requirements according to the target working fluid's thermodynamic state. The temperature-controlled mixing chamber mixes the working fluid from the gas source tank with the moisture and regulates the temperature of the mixed working fluid. The fifth electric regulating valve regulates the working fluid supply flow rate of the steam generator, and the sixth electric regulating valve regulates the working fluid flow rate of the gas source tank. The outlet of the temperature-controlled mixing chamber is connected to the inlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine via a pipeline, and a seventh electric regulating valve is provided on the pipeline between the outlet of the temperature-controlled mixing chamber and the inlet of the adjustable nozzle turbine.

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