A nonlinear elastic flexible alloy with a wide temperature range and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

A wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of metal materials. The wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy and the preparation method provided by the present invention solve the technical problem that the related technology cannot provide an alloy material with wide temperature range flexibility, so that the titanium alloy has nonlinear elastic deformation behavior, and the recoverable strain of the alloy is improved. The recoverable strain in the wide temperature range of ‑260 to 125°C is increased to 1.1% to 4%; at the same time, the titanium alloy has a nano-domain structure, and the interaction between the domain structures significantly reduces the temperature sensitivity of the alloy performance, so that the titanium alloy has excellent flexibility in a wide temperature range. The alloy prepared by this method conforms to the nonlinear elastic deformation relationship in a wide temperature range, has the characteristics of high flexibility, high tensile strength, low elastic modulus, and no brittle fracture, which has far-reaching significance for the wide application of metal materials in a wide temperature range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and in particular relates to a nonlinear elastic flexible alloy with a wide temperature range and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of modern engineering, metal materials, as indispensable basic elements, are widely used in many fields such as manufacturing, aerospace, and automotive engineering. Metal materials are characterized by high strength and high rigidity. However, flexible connection components often require metal materials to have excellent flexibility, making it difficult for most metal materials to meet the requirements of use. For example, steel is currently the most widely used metal material. Its strength can reach up to 2000MPa and its elastic modulus is 200GPa, but its elastic strain is less than 0.5% and its elongation after fracture is less than 5%. It lacks sufficient flexibility and cannot meet the requirements of flexible connections.

[0003] Furthermore, flexible connectors are often used in variable temperature environments, such as high-temperature engines and outer space. These environments are often subject to wide temperature fluctuations, ranging from a low of -250°C to a high of 110°C, encompassing a wide temperature range. Because metal properties vary dramatically with temperature, these wide temperature ranges further complicate the development of flexible metal materials.

[0004] Nonlinear materials usually have the characteristics of high flexibility, and the flexibility of metal materials is expected to be improved by introducing nonlinear deformation. The current literature "Unprecedented non-hysteretic superelasticity of

[001] -oriented NiCoFeGa single crystals [J / OL]" (CHEN H, WANG YD, NIE Z, et al. Unprecedented non-hysteretic superelasticity of

[001] -oriented NiCoFeGa single crystals [J / OL]. Nature Materials, 2020, 19 (7): 712-718.) reports that single-crystal Ni alloys have the characteristics of nonlinear deformation and therefore have high flexibility. The nanodomain structure is a special microscopic structure in the material. This microstructure will produce mutual adaptive movement under stress. By introducing / adjusting the nanodomain structure, it is expected to change the elastic deformation characteristics of the alloy, making it nonlinear, thereby improving the flexibility of the alloy. However, there is currently no relevant technology that can make the alloy have nonlinearity and wide temperature range flexibility by introducing nanodomains, which restricts the widespread application of metal materials in a wide temperature range. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Currently, relevant technologies are unable to provide alloy materials that can maintain high flexibility over a wide temperature range. To this end, the present invention provides a wide-temperature-range nonlinear elastic flexible alloy and a preparation method thereof. The alloy prepared by this method conforms to the nonlinear elastic deformation relationship over a wide temperature range and has the characteristics of high flexibility, high tensile strength, low elastic modulus, and high elongation after fracture.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A wide-temperature-range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy composed of tin, zirconium, titanium, niobium, and oxygen, wherein the ratio of the total number of valence electrons of the constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms is r. The alloy structure contains a domain structure. Within the domain structure, the niobium content varies radially from the center, showing a gradually decreasing trend within the nanoscale range. The domain structures are arranged such that adjacent domain structures form a layer with the domain structure as the center, extending outward layer by layer. The niobium content in the domain structure fluctuates periodically radially from the center. At a temperature of T, the alloy satisfies the following properties:

[0008] a. Has nonlinear elastic deformation behavior;

[0009] b. High flexibility, fully recoverable strain of 1.1% to 4%, and elongation after fracture D of 5% ≤ D ≤ 40%;

[0010] c. High tensile strength S, 650MPa≤S≤1400MPa;

[0011] d. Low elastic modulus E, 35GPa≤E≤60GPa;

[0012] The ratio r of the total number of valence electrons of the constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms satisfies: 3.9≤r≤4.3.

[0013] The domain structure consists of a niobium-poor nanodomain structure and a niobium-rich nanodomain structure, wherein the valence electron number of the niobium-poor nanodomain structure is smaller than that of the niobium-rich nanodomain structure.

[0014] The temperature T satisfies T1≤T≤T2, wherein T1=-260°C, T2=125°C.

[0015] The high flexibility satisfies:

[0016] When -260℃≤T<-75℃, the fully recoverable strain is 3.5~4%, and the elongation after fracture D is 5%≤D≤10%;

[0017] When -75℃≤T<-15℃, the fully recoverable strain is 3.0~3.5%, and the elongation after fracture D is 8%≤D≤12%;

[0018] When -15℃≤T<35℃, the fully recoverable strain is 1.8~3.5%, and the elongation after fracture D is 10%≤D≤25%;

[0019] When 35℃≤T≤125℃, the fully recoverable strain is 1.1-1.8%, and the elongation after fracture D is 10%≤D≤40%.

[0020] The tensile strength S and temperature T have the following relationship:

[0021] When -260℃≤T<-75℃, 850MPa≤S≤1400MPa;

[0022] When -75℃≤T<-15℃, 850MPa≤S≤1200MPa;

[0023] When -15℃≤T<35℃, 750MPa≤S≤1000MPa;

[0024] When 35℃≤T≤125℃, 650MPa≤S≤1000MPa.

[0025] The elastic modulus E and temperature T have the following relationship:

[0026] When -260℃≤T<-75℃, 40GPa≤E≤60GPa;

[0027] When -75℃≤T<-15℃, 35GPa≤E≤55GPa;

[0028] When -15℃≤T<35℃, 40GPa≤E≤55GPa;

[0029] When 35℃≤T≤125℃, 40GPa≤E≤60GPa.

[0030] The atomic contents of the components, in percentage by mass, satisfy the following: tin 7.0% to 9.0%, zirconium 3.0% to 5.0%, oxygen 0.1 to 0.5%, the remainder being titanium, and the mass fraction ratio of niobium to tin is 2.5 to 3.5.

[0031] A method for preparing a nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy with a wide temperature range is specifically prepared according to the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Prepare high-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin and oxygen;

[0033] Step 2: Pressing alloy electrodes;

[0034] Step 3: vacuum melting;

[0035] Step 4: Forging blank;

[0036] Step 5: Refining the grain structure through hot working and heat treatment; wherein the hot working deformation is 20-90%, the processing temperature is 300-1000°C, the heat treatment temperature is 250-500°C, and the heat treatment time is 0-240 minutes;

[0037] Step 6: activating uphill diffusion by constant temperature treatment, causing niobium atoms to diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomain structure to the niobium-rich nanodomain, thereby causing composition and structure transformation of the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains, wherein the constant temperature treatment temperature is 300-500° C. and the time is 10-240 minutes;

[0038] Step 7: Obtain an alloy material with flexibility in a wide temperature range.

[0039] The electrode in step 2 is prepared from the alloy package composed of the high-purity raw materials in step 1.

[0040] In the step 5, the average grain size of the refined grain structure is 1 to 10 μm.

[0041] The wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy must be prepared in strict accordance with the above steps. Adding or subtracting steps or adjusting the order of the steps will not produce the wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy prepared by the present invention.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The present invention provides a wide-temperature-range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy and a preparation method thereof, which solves the technical problem that related technologies cannot provide alloy materials with wide-temperature-range flexibility. The metal material provided by this technology has a recoverable strain of 1.1% to 4% within a wide temperature range of -260 to 125°C, and significantly improves the tensile strength (650 to 1400 MPa) and elongation (5% to 40%) of the metal material within a wide temperature range, thereby expanding the application range of the metal material.

[0044] 2. The present invention provides a wide-temperature-range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy and a preparation method thereof, which enables the titanium alloy to have nonlinear elastic deformation behavior and improves the recoverable strain of the alloy.

[0045] 3. Through the wide temperature range nonlinear elastic flexible alloy and its preparation method provided by the present invention, the titanium alloy is endowed with a nanodomain structure. By constructing a nanodomain structure with composition fluctuations and regulating the microscale interaction between the nanodomain structures, the flexibility of the alloy is improved and the temperature sensitivity of various properties of the alloy is reduced, so that the titanium alloy achieves matching compatibility of high strength and high flexibility in a wide temperature range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 This is a microstructure diagram of the grain structure in Example 1.

[0047] Figure 2 This is the nano-domain structure of the material obtained in Example 1.

[0048] Figure 3 This is the EDS composition fluctuation result of the material in Example 1.

[0049] Figure 4 This is the nonlinear elastic deformation result of the material in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] It should be noted that, unless there is any conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0051] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of the present invention and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate to facilitate the description of the embodiments of the present invention herein. In addition, the terms "including," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed but may include other steps or elements that are not explicitly listed or that are inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0053] In order to solve the above technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, a wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy is provided, which is composed of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin and oxygen, and the ratio of the total number of valence electrons to the total number of constituent atoms is 3.9 to 4.3; the alloy structure contains a domain structure, and within the nanoscale range, the niobium content in the domain structure changes radially from the center, showing a gradually decreasing trend; the domain structures are arranged so that the adjacent domain structures are a layer with the domain structure as the center, and extend outward layer by layer, and the niobium content of the domain structure shows periodic fluctuations radially from the center; and has the following properties within the temperature range of -260℃ to 125℃: (1) nonlinear elastic deformation behavior; (2) high flexibility, with a fully recoverable strain of 1.1% to 4%, and an elongation after fracture D of 5%≤D≤40%; (3) a tensile strength S of 650MPa≤S≤1400MPa; and (4) a low elastic modulus E of 35GPa≤E≤60GPa.

[0054] The domain structure consists of niobium-poor nanodomains and niobium-rich nanodomains, with the electron concentration of the niobium-poor nanodomains ranging from 3.90 to 4.14, and the electron concentration of the niobium-rich nanodomains ranging from 4.16 to 4.30. Nonlinear elastic deformation behavior is a state in which stress and strain do not conform to a linear relationship before the alloy yields. High flexibility is manifested in a fully recoverable strain of 1.1% to 4.0% and an elongation after fracture of 5% ≤ D ≤ 40%. Specifically, the fully recoverable strain is 3.5% to 4% in the temperature range of -260℃ to -75℃, 3.0% to 3.5% in the temperature range of -75℃ to -15℃, 1.8% to 3.5% in the temperature range of -15℃ to 35℃, and 1.1% to 1.8% in the temperature range of 35℃ to 125℃. The elongation after fracture D satisfies the following requirements: (1) 5% to 10% in the temperature range of -260℃ to -75℃; (2) 8% to 12% in the temperature range of -75℃ to -15℃; (3) 10% to 25% in the temperature range of -15℃ to 35℃; and (4) 10% to 40% in the temperature range of 35℃ to 125℃. The tensile strength S satisfies the following conditions: (1) 850 MPa ≤ S ≤ 1400 MPa in the temperature range of -260°C to -75°C; (2) 850 MPa ≤ S ≤ 1200 MPa in the temperature range of -75°C to -15°C; (3) 750 MPa ≤ S ≤ 1000 MPa in the temperature range of -15°C to 35°C; (4) 650 MPa ≤ S ≤ 1000 MPa in the temperature range of 35°C to 125°C. The elastic modulus E satisfies the following conditions: (1) 40 to 60 GPa in the temperature range of -260°C to -75°C; (2) 35 to 55 GPa in the temperature range of -75°C to -15°C; (3) 40 to 55 GPa in the temperature range of -15°C to 35°C; (4) greater than 40 to 60 GPa in the temperature range of 35°C to 125°C. The mass percentage of tin in the atoms is 7.0% to 9.0%, the mass percentage of zirconium is 3.0% to 5.0%, the mass percentage of oxygen is 0.1% to 0.5%, the mass ratio of niobium to tin is 2.5 to 3.5, and the balance is titanium. The ratio of the total number of valence electrons to the total number of constituent atoms, r, is 3.9≤r≤4.3.

[0055] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a nonlinear elastic, flexible alloy with a wide temperature range is provided, strictly following the following steps: Step 1: Preparing high-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin, and oxygen; Step 2: Pressing the alloy electrode; Step 3: Vacuum melting; Step 4: Forging and blanking; Step 5: Refining the microstructure through thermal processing and heat treatment; Step 6: Activating uphill diffusion through constant temperature treatment, causing niobium atoms to diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomain structure to the niobium-rich nanodomain structure, resulting in compositional and structural transformation of the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains; Step 7: Obtaining an alloy material with wide temperature range flexibility. The electrode in Step 2 is prepared from the alloy package composed of the high-purity raw materials in Step 1. After the microstructure is refined in step 5, a microstructure with an average grain size of 1 to 10 μm is obtained; the thermal processing deformation is 20 to 90%, the processing temperature is 300 to 1000° C., the heat treatment temperature is 250 to 500° C., and the heat treatment time is 0 to 240 minutes; in step 6, the constant temperature treatment temperature is 300 to 500° C. and the time is 10 to 240 minutes.

[0056] The preparation must be carried out strictly in accordance with the above steps. Adding or subtracting steps or adjusting the order of the steps cannot produce the wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy prepared by the present invention.

[0057] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] Prepare high-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin and oxygen, of which the tin content is 7.0%, the zirconium content is 3.0%, the oxygen content is 0.1%, and the balance is titanium. The mass fraction ratio of niobium to tin is 3.4. Press the alloy electrode, vacuum melt, forge the blank, and refine the grain structure through hot working and heat treatment to obtain a 5μm grain structure (see Figure 1 ); by isothermal treatment, uphill diffusion is activated, causing niobium atoms to diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomains to the niobium-rich nanodomains, and the composition and structure of the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains undergo a transformation; thus, an alloy material with flexibility over a wide temperature range is obtained. The ratio of the total number of valence electrons of the constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms, r, is 4.15. The prepared alloy material contains a domain structure. Due to periodic fluctuations in composition between and within the domain structures, there are no clear interfaces between the domain structures, such as Figure 2 In addition, the alloy material was analyzed by EDS, and the results are shown as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure, it further verifies that there are periodic fluctuations in the composition of the domain structure in the nanometer scale. When the alloy material was subjected to tensile testing, the results showed that the alloy had nonlinear deformation characteristics (see Figure 4 ); At the same time, the alloy meets the properties shown in Table 1 at temperature T:

[0060] Table 1 Performance data of the alloy obtained in Example 1 at different temperature ranges

[0061] T Recoverable strain (%) S(MPa) E(GPa) D(％) -260℃≤T＜-75℃ 3.5 1300 60 10 -75℃≤T＜-15℃ 3.0 1200 55 12 -15℃≤T＜35℃ 1.9 850 55 25 35℃≤T≤125℃ 1.2 800 60 25

[0062] Example 2

[0063] High-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin, and oxygen are prepared, with the tin content being 7.5%, the zirconium content being 3.6%, the oxygen content being 0.1%, and the balance being titanium. The mass ratio of niobium to tin is 3.1. Alloy electrodes are pressed, vacuum-melted, and forged into blanks. The grain structure is refined through heat working and heat treatment to obtain a 4μm grain structure. Uphill diffusion is activated through constant temperature treatment, causing niobium atoms to diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomain structure to the niobium-rich nanodomain structure, and the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains undergo compositional and structural transformations, resulting in an alloy material with flexibility over a wide temperature range. The ratio r of the total number of valence electrons of its constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms is 4.0. The structure contains a domain structure, and the composition exhibits periodic fluctuations within the nanoscale range, exhibiting nonlinear deformation characteristics. The properties met at temperature T are shown in Table 1:

[0064] Table 2 Performance data of the alloy obtained in Example 2 at different temperature ranges

[0065] T Recoverable strain (%) S(MPa) E(GPa) D(％) -260℃≤T＜-75℃ 4.0 1200 55 5 -75℃≤T＜-15℃ 3.5 1000 35 8 -15℃≤T＜35℃ 2.5 850 45 10 35℃≤T≤125℃ 1.5 750 55 10

[0066] Example 3

[0067] High-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin, and oxygen were prepared, with the tin content being 7.0%, the zirconium content being 3.0%, the oxygen content being 0.5%, and the balance being titanium. The mass ratio of niobium to tin was 3.1. Alloy electrodes were pressed, vacuum-melted, and forged into blanks. The grain structure was refined through heat working and heat treatment, resulting in a 9μm grain structure. Uphill diffusion was activated through constant temperature treatment, causing niobium atoms to diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomain structure to the niobium-rich nanodomain structure, and the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains underwent composition and structural transformation, resulting in an alloy material with flexibility over a wide temperature range. The ratio r of the total number of valence electrons of its constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms is 4.23. The structure contains a domain structure, and the composition exhibits periodic fluctuations within the nanoscale range, exhibiting nonlinear deformation characteristics. The properties met at temperature T are shown in Table 3:

[0068] Table 3 Performance data of the alloy obtained in Example 3 at different temperature ranges

[0069] T Recoverable strain (%) S(MPa) E(GPa) D(％) -260℃≤T＜-75℃ 4 1400 60 10 -75℃≤T＜-15℃ 3.5 1200 55 12 -15℃≤T＜35℃ 3.5 1000 55 25 35℃≤T≤125℃ 1.8 1000 60 40

[0070] Example 4

[0071] High-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin, and oxygen were prepared, with the tin content being 8.0%, the zirconium content being 3.0%, and the oxygen content being 0.1%, with the remainder being titanium. The mass ratio of niobium to tin was 3.0. Alloy electrodes were pressed, vacuum-melted, and forged into blanks. The grain structure was refined through heat working and heat treatment, resulting in a 5μm grain structure. Uphill diffusion was activated through constant temperature treatment, causing niobium atoms to diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomain structure to the niobium-rich nanodomain structure, and the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains underwent composition and structural transformation, resulting in an alloy material with flexibility over a wide temperature range. The ratio r of the total number of valence electrons of its constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms is 4.19. The structure contains a domain structure, and the composition exhibits periodic fluctuations within the nanoscale range, exhibiting nonlinear deformation characteristics. The properties met at temperature T are shown in Table 4:

[0072] Table 4 Performance data of the alloy obtained in Example 4 at different temperature ranges

[0073] T Recoverable strain (%) S(MPa) E(GPa) D(％) -260℃≤T＜-75℃ 3.5 850 40 5 -75℃≤T＜-15℃ 3.0 850 35 8 -15℃≤T＜35℃ 1.8 750 40 20 35℃≤T≤125℃ 1.1 650 40 20

[0074] Example 5

[0075] High-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin, and oxygen were prepared, with the tin content being 8.5%, the zirconium content being 3.0%, the oxygen content being 0.1%, and the balance being titanium. The mass ratio of niobium to tin was 2.5. Alloy electrodes were pressed, vacuum-melted, and forged into blanks. The grain structure was refined through heat working and heat treatment to obtain a 10μm grain structure. Uphill diffusion was activated through constant temperature treatment, causing niobium atoms to diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomain structure to the niobium-rich nanodomain structure, and the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains underwent composition and structural transformation, resulting in an alloy material with flexibility over a wide temperature range. The ratio r of the total number of valence electrons of its constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms is 4.14. The structure contains a domain structure, and the composition exhibits periodic fluctuations within the nanoscale range, exhibiting nonlinear deformation characteristics. The properties met at temperature T are shown in Table 5:

[0076] Table 5 Performance data of the alloy obtained in Example 5 at different temperature ranges

[0077] T Recoverable strain (%) S(MPa) E(GPa) D(％) -260℃≤T＜-75℃ 3.7 1300 55 8 -75℃≤T＜-15℃ 3.2 1100 50 10 -15℃≤T＜35℃ 2.9 900 45 15 35℃≤T≤125℃ 1.5 800 40 30

[0078] Comparative Example 1

[0079] High-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin, and oxygen were prepared, with the tin content being 10%, the zirconium content being 1.0%, the oxygen content being 0.6%, and the balance being titanium. The mass ratio of niobium to tin was 4. Alloy electrodes were pressed, vacuum-melted, and forged into blanks. Heat working and heat treatment were used to refine the grain structure to a 20μm grain size. The alloy material had a ratio of 4.4 between the total number of valence electrons of its constituent atoms and the total number of constituent atoms. The structure lacked domain structure and exhibited no nonlinear deformation characteristics. The properties met at temperature T are shown in Table 6:

[0080] Table 6 Performance data of the alloy obtained in comparative example 1 at different temperature ranges

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] Comparative Example 2

[0084] High-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin, and oxygen were prepared, with tin content of 6%, zirconium content of 4.0%, oxygen content of 0%, and the balance being titanium. The mass ratio of niobium to tin was 3.9. Alloy electrodes were pressed, vacuum-melted, and forged into blanks. The grain structure was refined through hot working to obtain a 50μm grain structure. The alloy material had a ratio of the total number of valence electrons of its constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms, r, of 4.3. The structure lacked domain structure and exhibited no nonlinear deformation characteristics. The properties met at temperature T are shown in Table 6:

[0085] Table 7 Performance data of the alloy obtained in Comparative Example 2 at different temperature ranges

[0086] T Recoverable strain (%) S(MPa) E(GPa) D(％) -260℃≤T＜-75℃ 1.2 550 70 8 -75℃≤T＜-15℃ 1.0 500 67 8 -15℃≤T＜35℃ 1.0 450 68 10 35℃≤T≤125℃ 0.8 430 71 10 .

Claims

1. A nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy with a wide temperature range, characterized in that: It is composed of tin, zirconium, titanium, niobium, and oxygen, and the ratio of the total number of valence electrons of the constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms is r; The alloy structure contains domain structures. Within the nanoscale, the niobium content within the domain structures changes radially from the center, showing a gradually decreasing trend. The domain structures are arranged so that adjacent domain structures form a layer with the domain structure as the center, extending outward layer by layer. The niobium content in the domain structure fluctuates periodically radially from the center. At temperature T, the alloy meets the following properties: a. Has nonlinear elastic deformation behavior; b. High flexibility, fully recoverable strain of 1.1% to 4%, and elongation after fracture D of 5% ≤ D ≤ 40%; c. High tensile strength S, 650MPa≤S≤1400MPa; d. Low elastic modulus E, 35GPa≤E≤60GPa; The ratio r of the total number of valence electrons of the constituent atoms to the total number of constituent atoms satisfies: 3.9≤r≤4.3; the temperature T satisfies T1≤T≤T2, where T1=-260℃, T2=125℃; The component contents, expressed in percentage by mass, satisfy the following requirements: tin 7.0% to 9.0%, zirconium 3.0% to 5.0%, oxygen 0.1% to 0.5%, a mass fraction ratio of niobium to tin of 2.5 to 3.5, and the balance being titanium; The domain structure consists of a niobium-poor nanodomain structure and a niobium-rich nanodomain structure, wherein the valence electron number of the niobium-poor nanodomain structure is smaller than that of the niobium-rich nanodomain structure.

2. The wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high flexibility satisfies: When -260℃≤T<-75℃, the fully recoverable strain is 3.5~4%, and the elongation after fracture D is 5%≤D≤10%; When -75℃≤T<-15℃, the fully recoverable strain is 3.0~3.5%, and the elongation after fracture D is 8%≤D≤12%; When -15℃≤T<35℃, the fully recoverable strain is 1.8~3.5%, and the elongation after fracture D is 10%≤D≤25%; When 35℃≤T≤125℃, the fully recoverable strain is 1.1-1.8%, and the elongation after fracture D is 10%≤D≤40%.

3. The wide temperature range nonlinear elastic flexible alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensile strength S and temperature T have the following relationship: When -260℃≤T<-75℃, 850MPa≤S≤1400MPa; When -75℃≤T<-15℃, 850MPa≤S≤1200MPa; When -15℃≤T<35℃, 750MPa≤S≤1000MPa; When 35℃≤T≤125℃, 650MPa≤S≤1000MPa.

4. The wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and flexible alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic modulus E and temperature T have the following relationship: When -260℃≤T<-75℃, 40GPa≤E≤60GPa; When -75℃≤T<-15℃, 35GPa≤E≤55GPa; When -15℃≤T<35℃, 40GPa≤E≤55GPa; When 35℃≤T≤125℃, 40GPa≤E≤60GPa.

5. The method for preparing a wide temperature range nonlinear elastic and tough alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The preparation is carried out according to the following steps: Step 1: Prepare high-purity raw materials of titanium, niobium, zirconium, tin and oxygen; Step 2: Pressing alloy electrodes; Step 3: vacuum melting; Step 4: Forging blank; Step 5: Refine the grain structure through thermal processing and heat treatment; Step 6: Activate uphill diffusion by constant temperature treatment, so that niobium atoms diffuse from the niobium-poor nanodomain structure to the niobium-rich nanodomain, and the composition and structure of the niobium-poor / niobium-rich nanodomains undergo transformation; Step 7: Obtaining an alloy material with flexibility in a wide temperature range; In step 2, the electrode is prepared from the alloy package composed of the high-purity raw materials in step 1; In step 5, the refined grain structure has an average grain size of 1 to 10 μm; the hot working deformation is 20 to 90%, the processing temperature is 300 to 1000° C., the heat treatment temperature is 250 to 500° C., and the heat treatment time is 0 to 240 minutes; In step 6, the constant temperature treatment temperature is 300-500° C., and the time is 10-240 minutes.

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