A universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and trays of various specifications

Abstract

This invention discloses a universal seed tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and seed trays of various specifications. It includes a feeding module and a mixing and feeding module below it. Below the feeding inlets one and two of the mixing and feeding module are a base material module and a top material module. Between the base material module and the top material module is a variable-pitch seeding module. Below the variable-pitch seeding module is a conveyor belt, and at the end of the conveyor belt in the direction of travel is a spraying module. The conveyor belt is fixed to the frame by bearings, and a conveyor motor is mounted on the frame. The conveyor motor drives the conveyor belt via a chain. Four photoelectric sensors are respectively installed on the frame below the base material module, the variable-pitch seeding module, the top material module, and the spraying module to monitor the position of the seed trays on the conveyor belt. This invention has the functions of adapting to various types of seeds and seed trays of various specifications, automating mixing, and configuring substrates with different ratios, improving the versatility of seeding and reducing production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of facility agriculture machinery and equipment technology, and in particular relates to a universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and trays of various specifications. Background Technology

[0002] Existing tray seeders can usually only sow one or a few specific seeds with similar particle sizes. If there is a need to change the seeds or tray specifications, it is necessary to replace the end effector, reset the sowing start row, and adjust the position of the photoelectric sensor. This results in poor versatility and limited application range.

[0003] When using a seed tray planter to apply substrate, different seeds require different substrate ratios. Currently, substrate mixing and covering are mainly done manually, which is labor-intensive. Manual substrate preparation can easily lead to large deviations in the ratio and uneven mixing, thus greatly affecting the yield and quality of fruits and vegetables.

[0004] Improving the ability of tray seeders to adapt to various seed types and to automatically mix and configure substrates with different proportions are pressing issues that need to be addressed in the current research and development of tray seeders. Therefore, in order to adapt to the diversification of seedling varieties in seedling bases and reduce the cost of purchasing multi-specification sowing equipment, there is an urgent need for a universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and tray sizes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a universal seed tray planter suitable for seeds of various sizes and seed trays of various specifications, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It is suitable for seeds of various sizes and shapes, as well as seed trays of various specifications. It has the functions of controllable substrate ratio and precise covering. Its structure is reasonable, compact, easy to manufacture, and highly practical. It improves the versatility of sowing and reduces production costs.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and trays of various specifications. It includes a dispensing module 5 and a mixing and feeding module 4 located below the dispensing module 5. A bottom covering module 3 and a top covering module 7 are disposed below the feeding inlets 4.6 and 4.7 of the mixing and feeding module 4. A variable-pitch seeding module 6 is located below the mixing and feeding module 4 and between the bottom covering module 3 and the top covering module 7. A conveyor belt 9 is disposed below the variable-pitch seeding module 6, the bottom covering module 3, and the top covering module 7, and trays 2 are placed on the conveyor belt 9. A spray module 8 is installed at the end of the conveyor belt 9 in the direction of travel. The conveyor belt 9 is fixed to the frame 1 by bearings. A conveyor motor 10 is installed on the frame 1. The conveyor motor 10 drives the conveyor belt 9 to move through a chain. The frame 1 below the bottom covering module 3, the variable pitch seeding module 6, the top covering module 7, and the spray module 8 is equipped with a bottom covering photoelectric sensor 3.1, a variable pitch seeding photoelectric sensor 6.1, a top covering photoelectric sensor 7.1, and a spray photoelectric sensor 8.1, which are used to monitor the position of the seedling trays 2 on the conveyor belt 9. They are connected to the control box 11 through wires.

[0008] The batching module 5 includes a large feed bin 5.1, a small feed bin 5.2, a large feed bin photoelectric sensor 5.3, a small feed bin photoelectric sensor 5.4, a spiked gear 5.5, an outer grooved wheel 5.6, an electrode plate 5.7, and electrode terminals 5.8. The large feed bin 5.1 contains peat moss or other matrix components with a high proportion, while the small feed bin 5.2 contains vermiculite, perlite, or other matrix components with a lower proportion. The spiked gear 5.5 and the outer grooved wheel 5.6 are located at the outlets below the large feed bin 5.1 and the small feed bin 5.2, respectively. Driven by a motor, the spiked gear 5.5 and the outer grooved wheel 5.6 rotate to discharge the matrix components. The spiked gear 5.5 discharges peat moss or other sticky, water-containing matrix components, while the outer grooved wheel 5.6 discharges vermiculite, perlite, or other non-sticky, dry matrix components. The matrix consists of raw materials; the large hopper photoelectric sensor 5.3 and the small hopper photoelectric sensor 5.4 are fixed to the large hopper 5.1 and the small hopper 5.2, respectively, and are used to monitor the quantity of the matrix components. When the quantity of the matrix components is lower than that of the large hopper photoelectric sensor 5.3 and the small hopper photoelectric sensor 5.4, an alarm is issued; the electrode plate 5.7 is attached to the inner sides of the large hopper 5.1 or the small hopper 5.2 through the electrode terminals 5.8. Peat or other sticky, water-containing matrix components are filled between the electrode plates 5.7. After power is applied, current flows through the matrix components between the electrode plates 5.7. By measuring the current and voltage, the resistance of the matrix components can be obtained, and its moisture content can be calculated; the control box 11 calculates the water spray volume of the spray module 8 based on the measured moisture content data and controls the spray module 8 to perform quantitative spraying operations.

[0009] The mixing and feeding module 4 includes a primary mixing funnel 4.1, a secondary mixing bin 4.2, a secondary mixing mechanism 4.3, a feeding bin 4.4, a feeding auger 4.5, a first feeding port 4.6, and a second feeding port 4.7. The secondary mixing mechanism 4.3 includes a secondary mixing cone 4.3.1 and a secondary mixing blade 4.3.2, which rotate under the drive of a motor. The feeding auger 4.5 is located in the feeding bin 4.4 and is controlled by a motor to rotate in both forward and reverse directions. The matrix components discharged from the batching module 5 pass through the primary mixing funnel 4.1 and the secondary mixing bin 4.2 for matrix mixing, and then the forward and reverse rotation of the feeding auger 4.5 drives the matrix to move forward and backward, delivering the matrix to the first feeding port 4.6 and the second feeding port 4.7.

[0010] The base coating module 3 includes a base coating photoelectric sensor 3.1, a base coating module housing 3.2, a feeder motor 3.3, a coupling 3.4, a feeder 3.5, a feeder shaft 3.6, a dispersing plate guide rail 3.7, a dispersing plate slider 3.8, a vibrator 3.9, and a dispersing plate 3.10. The feeder 3.5 includes a feeder groove 3.5.1. The two dispersing plate guide rails 3.7 are fixed to the base coating module housing 3.2, and a dispersing plate slider 3.8 is placed on the dispersing plate guide rails 3.7. The non-sliding surface of the dispersing plate slider 3.8 is fixed to the back of the dispersing plate 3.10. The vibrator 3.9 is fixed to the back of the dispersing plate 3.10. One end of the feeder 3.5 is connected to the base coating module housing 3.2 through the feeder shaft 3.6, and the other end is connected to the feeder motor 3.3 through the coupling 3.4. The feeder motor 3.3 is fixed to the base coating module housing 3.2.

[0011] The variable-pitch seeding module 6 includes a variable-pitch seeding photoelectric sensor 6.1, a variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2, a cylinder crossbeam 6.3, a cylinder bearing 6.4, a cylinder 6.5, a camera 6.6, a variable-pitch seeding guide rail 6.7, a variable-pitch seeding mechanism 6.8, and a seed box 6.9. The cylinder crossbeam 6.3 is fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2, and the cylinder 6.5 is connected to the cylinder crossbeam 6.3 via the cylinder bearing 6.4. The camera 6.6 and the variable-pitch seeding guide rail 6.7 are fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2, and the seed box 6.9 is fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2 via a connecting rod.

[0012] The variable pitch seeding mechanism 6.8 includes a variable pitch seeding bearing 6.8.1, a variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2, a variable pitch motor 6.8.3, a variable pitch coupling 6.8.4, a variable pitch lead screw 6.8.5, a variable pitch connecting piece 6.8.6, a variable pitch fork 6.8.7, a variable pitch slider 6.8.8, a variable pitch slide rail 6.8.9, and a flexible suction needle 6.8.10; the variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2 is connected to the moving end of the cylinder 6.5, and both ends of the variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2 are mounted on the variable pitch seeding bearing 6.8.1 via the variable pitch seeding bearing 6.8.1. The variable pitch fork 6.8.7 is connected to the variable pitch screw 6.8.5 via the variable pitch connector 6.8.6. The variable pitch screw 6.8.5 is connected to the variable pitch motor 6.8.3 via the variable pitch coupling 6.8.4. The variable pitch slide rail 6.8.9 is fixed to the variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2. The cross joint of the variable pitch fork 6.8.7 is fixed to the variable pitch slider 6.8.8. The variable pitch slider 6.8.8 slides on the variable pitch slide rail 6.8.9. The flexible suction needle 6.8.10 is connected to the variable pitch slider 6.8.8.

[0013] The flexible suction needle 6.8.10 of the variable pitch seeding mechanism 6.8 includes a suction needle connecting mounting base 6.8.10.1, a suction needle elastic element 6.8.10.2, and a silicone suction nozzle 6.8.10.3; the suction needle elastic element 6.8.10.2 is connected to the variable pitch slider 6.8.8 through the suction needle connecting mounting base 6.8.10.1; the upper end of the suction needle elastic element 6.8.10.2 is connected to the air pump through an air pipe, and the lower end is connected to the silicone suction nozzle 6.8.10.3; the inner hole of the silicone suction nozzle 6.8.10.3 adopts a circular arc stepped shape, and the circular arc stepped holes of different diameters can adsorb seeds of different particle sizes and surface curvatures.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0015] This invention relates to a universal seed tray planter suitable for seeds of various sizes and seed trays of various specifications. By adjusting the rotational speed of the gears and grooved wheels in the feeding module, it can provide the optimal proportion of substrate for different seeds, thereby improving seed germination rate and seedling quality. By designing a seeding mechanism based on a variable-pitch mechanism, it can achieve the function of adjustable spacing of the seeding suction needles, thereby achieving the purpose of adapting the seeding mechanism to seed trays of various specifications. By designing a stepped silicone suction nozzle, it can achieve good adhesion between seeds of various sizes and the silicone suction nozzle, achieving the function of universally adsorbing and sowing seeds of various sizes.

[0016] This invention features automatic seed variety identification and intelligent adjustment of the spacing of the variable-pitch sowing mechanism and the feeder to match the seed variety and tray size, thereby achieving fully automated processes such as substrate laying, sowing, and spraying. It is simple, fast, and highly automated, requiring only one person to operate, reducing manual labor intensity, improving sowing versatility, and lowering production costs, thus having broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and tray sizes.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the base coat module;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the mixing and feeding module;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the ingredient dispensing module;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the variable-pitch seeding module;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the variable-pitch seeding mechanism;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of a flexible suction needle;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a silicone suction nozzle;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the feeder and its four guide grooves;

[0027] In the diagram: 1-Frame; 2-Cavity tray; 3-Covering material module; 3.1-Covering material photoelectric sensor; 3.2-Covering material module housing; 3.3-Feeder motor; 3.4-Coupling; 3.5-Feeder; 3.5.1-Feeder trough; 3.6-Feeder shaft; 3.7-Dispersion plate guide rail; 3.8-Dispersion plate slider; 3.9-Vibrator; 3.10-Dispersion plate; 4-Mixing and feeding module; 4.1-Primary mixing funnel; 4.2-Secondary mixing bin. 4.3-Secondary blending mechanism; 4.3.1-Secondary blending cone; 4.3.2-Secondary blending blade; 4.4-Feeding bin; 4.5-Feeding auger; 4.6-Feeding port one; 4.7-Feeding port two; 5-Batching module; 5.1-Large hopper; 5.2-Small hopper; 5.3-Large hopper photoelectric sensor; 5.4-Small hopper photoelectric sensor; 5.5-Pin gear; 5.6-Outer grooved wheel; 5.7-Electrode plate; 5.8-Electrode terminal; 6-Variable pitch Seeding module; 6.1-Variable pitch seeding photoelectric sensor, 6.2-Variable pitch seeding module housing, 6.3-Cylinder crossbeam, 6.4-Cylinder bearing, 6.5-Cylinder, 6.6-Camera, 6.7-Variable pitch seeding guide rail, 6.8-Variable pitch seeding mechanism; 6.8.1-Variable pitch seeding bearing, 6.8.2-Variable pitch seeding connecting rod, 6.8.3-Variable pitch motor, 6.8.4-Variable pitch coupling, 6.8.5-Variable pitch lead screw, 6.8.6-Variable pitch connector 6.8.7-Variable pitch fork, 6.8.8-Variable pitch slider, 6.8.9-Variable pitch slide rail, 6.8.10-Flexible suction needle, 6.8.10.1-Suction needle connecting mounting base, 6.8.10.2-Suction needle elastic element, 6.8.10.3-Silicone suction nozzle, 6.9-Seed box; 7-Topcoating module, 7.1-Topcoating photoelectric sensor; 8-Spraying module, 8.1-Spraying photoelectric sensor; 9-Conveyor belt; 10-Conveyor motor; 11-Control box. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The purpose of this invention is to provide a universal seed tray planter suitable for seeds of various sizes and seed trays of various specifications, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It is suitable for seeds of various sizes and shapes, as well as seed trays of various specifications, and has the functions of controllable substrate ratio and precise covering.

[0030] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figures 1-9 As shown: This invention provides a universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and trays of various specifications, including a batching module 5 and a mixing and feeding module 4 located below the batching module 5. A bottom covering module 3 and a top covering module 7 are arranged below the feeding inlets 4.6 and 4.7 of the mixing and feeding module 4. A variable-pitch seeding module 6 is located below the mixing and feeding module 4 and between the bottom covering module 3 and the top covering module 7. A conveyor belt 9 is arranged below the variable-pitch seeding module 6, the bottom covering module 3, and the top covering module 7, and trays 2 are placed on the conveyor belt 9. A spray module 8 is installed at the end of the conveyor belt 9 in the running direction. The conveyor belt 9 is fixed to the frame 1 by bearings. A conveyor motor 10 is installed on the frame 1. The conveyor motor 10 drives the conveyor belt 9 to move through a chain. The frame 1 below the bottom covering module 3, the variable pitch seeding module 6, the top covering module 7, and the spray module 8 is equipped with a bottom covering photoelectric sensor 3.1, a variable pitch seeding photoelectric sensor 6.1, a top covering photoelectric sensor 7.1, and a spray photoelectric sensor 8.1, which are used to monitor the position of the seedling trays 2 on the conveyor belt 9. They are connected to the control box 11 through wires.

[0032] The batching module 5 includes a large feed bin 5.1, a small feed bin 5.2, a photoelectric sensor for the large feed bin 5.3, a photoelectric sensor for the small feed bin 5.4, a spiked gear 5.5, an outer grooved wheel 5.6, an electrode plate 5.7, and electrode terminals 5.8. The large feed bin 5.1 contains peat moss or other matrix components with a high proportion, while the small feed bin 5.2 contains vermiculite, perlite, or other matrix components with a lower proportion. The spiked gear 5.5 and the outer grooved wheel 5.6 are located at the outlet below the large feed bin 5.1 and the small feed bin 5.2. Driven by a motor, the spiked gear 5.5 and the outer grooved wheel 5.6 rotate to discharge the matrix components. The spiked gear 5.5 discharges peat moss or other sticky, water-containing matrix components, while the outer grooved wheel 5.6 discharges vermiculite, perlite, or other non-sticky, dry matrix components. The matrix consists of raw materials; the large hopper photoelectric sensor 5.3 and the small hopper photoelectric sensor 5.4 are fixed to the large hopper 5.1 and the small hopper 5.2, respectively, and are used to monitor the quantity of the matrix components. When the quantity of the matrix components is lower than that of the large hopper photoelectric sensor 5.3 and the small hopper photoelectric sensor 5.4, an alarm is triggered; the electrode plate 5.7 is attached to the inner sides of the large hopper 5.1 or the small hopper 5.2 through the electrode terminals 5.8. Peat moss or other sticky, water-containing matrix components are filled between the electrode plates 5.7. After power is applied, current flows through the matrix components between the electrode plates 5.7. By measuring the current and voltage, the resistance of the matrix components can be obtained, and its moisture content can be calculated; the control box 11 calculates the water spray volume of the spray module 8 based on the measured moisture content data and controls the spray module 8 to perform quantitative spraying operations.

[0033] The mixing and feeding module 4 includes a primary mixing funnel 4.1, a secondary mixing bin 4.2, a secondary mixing mechanism 4.3, a feeding bin 4.4, a feeding auger 4.5, a first feeding port 4.6, and a second feeding port 4.7. The secondary mixing mechanism 4.3 includes a secondary mixing cone 4.3.1 and a secondary mixing blade 4.3.2, which rotate under the drive of a motor. The feeding auger 4.5 is located in the feeding bin 4.4 and is controlled by a motor to rotate in both forward and reverse directions. The matrix components discharged from the batching module 5 pass through the primary mixing funnel 4.1 and the secondary mixing bin 4.2 for matrix mixing, and then the forward and reverse rotation of the feeding auger 4.5 drives the matrix to move forward and backward, delivering the matrix to the first feeding port 4.6 and the second feeding port 4.7.

[0034] The base coating module 3 includes a base coating photoelectric sensor 3.1, a base coating module housing 3.2, a feeder motor 3.3, a coupling 3.4, a feeder 3.5, a feeder shaft 3.6, a dispersing plate guide rail 3.7, a dispersing plate slider 3.8, a vibrator 3.9, and a dispersing plate 3.10. The feeder 3.5 includes a feeder groove 3.5.1. The two dispersing plate guide rails 3.7 are fixed to the base coating module housing 3.2, and a dispersing plate slider 3.8 is placed on the dispersing plate guide rails 3.7. The non-sliding surface of the dispersing plate slider 3.8 is fixed to the back of the dispersing plate 3.10. The vibrator 3.9 is fixed to the back of the dispersing plate 3.10. One end of the feeder 3.5 is connected to the base coating module housing 3.2 through the feeder shaft 3.6, and the other end is connected to the feeder motor 3.3 through the coupling 3.4. The feeder motor 3.3 is fixed to the base coating module housing 3.2.

[0035] The variable-pitch seeding module 6 includes a variable-pitch seeding photoelectric sensor 6.1, a variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2, a cylinder crossbeam 6.3, a cylinder bearing 6.4, a cylinder 6.5, a camera 6.6, a variable-pitch seeding guide rail 6.7, a variable-pitch seeding mechanism 6.8, and a seed box 6.9. The cylinder crossbeam 6.3 is fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2, and the cylinder 6.5 is connected to the cylinder crossbeam 6.3 via the cylinder bearing 6.4. The camera 6.6 and the variable-pitch seeding guide rail 6.7 are fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2, and the seed box 6.9 is fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing 6.2 via a connecting rod.

[0036] The variable pitch seeding mechanism 6.8 includes a variable pitch seeding bearing 6.8.1, a variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2, a variable pitch motor 6.8.3, a variable pitch coupling 6.8.4, a variable pitch lead screw 6.8.5, a variable pitch connecting piece 6.8.6, a variable pitch fork 6.8.7, a variable pitch slider 6.8.8, a variable pitch slide rail 6.8.9, and a flexible suction needle 6.8.10; the variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2 is connected to the moving end of the cylinder 6.5, and both ends of the variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2 are mounted on the variable pitch seeding bearing 6.8.1 via the variable pitch seeding bearing 6.8.1. The variable pitch fork 6.8.7 is connected to the variable pitch screw 6.8.5 via the variable pitch connector 6.8.6, and the variable pitch screw 6.8.5 is connected to the variable pitch motor 6.8.3 via the variable pitch coupling 6.8.4; the variable pitch slide rail 6.8.9 is fixed to the variable pitch seeding connecting rod 6.8.2, and the cross joint of the variable pitch fork 6.8.7 is fixed to the variable pitch slider 6.8.8, which slides on the variable pitch slide rail 6.8.9; the flexible suction needle 6.8.10 is connected to the variable pitch slider 6.8.8.

[0037] The flexible suction needle 6.8.10 of the variable pitch seeding mechanism 6.8 includes a suction needle connecting mounting base 6.8.10.1, a suction needle elastic element 6.8.10.2, and a silicone suction nozzle 6.8.10.3; the suction needle elastic element 6.8.10.2 is connected to the variable pitch slider 6.8.8 through the suction needle connecting mounting base 6.8.10.1; the upper end of the suction needle elastic element 6.8.10.2 is connected to the air pump through an air pipe, and the lower end is connected to the silicone suction nozzle 6.8.10.3; the inner hole of the silicone suction nozzle 6.8.10.3 adopts a circular arc stepped shape, and the circular arc stepped holes of different diameters can adsorb seeds of different particle sizes and surface curvatures.

[0038] The specific working process and working principle of this invention are as follows:

[0039] Before powering on the universal tray seeder, different substrate components required for sowing are added to the large feed box 5.1 and small feed box 5.2 of the feeding module 5. This section uses commonly used substrate components, namely peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite, as examples. Peat moss has a higher proportion and contains water, possessing a certain degree of stickiness; therefore, it is added to the large feed box 5.1 and equipped with a spiked gear 5.5. Vermiculite and perlite have a lower proportion and do not contain water or have stickiness; therefore, they are added to the two small feed boxes 5.2, each equipped with an outer grooved wheel 5.6. Seeds are added to the seed box 6.9, and the tray 2 is placed on the conveyor belt 9. Then, the universal tray seeder is powered on and started. At this time, the voltage and current signals measured between the two electrode plates 5.7 are sent to the control box 11 to calculate the moisture content of the peat moss, and thus the amount of water required for spraying is calculated.

[0040] During the identification and adjustment phase:

[0041] Camera 6.6 captures images of the seeds to be sown in seed box 6.9 and transmits them to control box 11 for seed identification. Based on the seed identification results, the required proportions of substrate components and the required specifications of seed tray 2 are determined. According to the substrate proportion requirements, the required rotational speeds of the spiked gear 5.5 and the two outer grooved wheels 5.6 in the large material box 5.1 and the two small material boxes 5.2 are determined. According to the specifications of seed tray 2, control box 11 controls the guide motor 3.3 to rotate the guide 3.5 by a certain angle until the guide trough 3.5.1 corresponding to the specifications of seed tray 2 is at the lower outlet of the dispersing plate 3.10; the mechanism adjustment in the topcoat module 7 is the same as that in the bottomcoat module 3. Similarly, according to the specifications of the seed tray 2, the spacing of the flexible suction needles 6.8.10 in the variable pitch seeding mechanism 6.8 is adjusted to be the same as the spacing of the holes in the seed tray 2 of the corresponding specifications. That is, the variable pitch motor 6.8.3 drives the variable pitch screw 6.8.5 to rotate, thereby causing the variable pitch connector 6.8.6 to move on the variable pitch screw 6.8.5, realizing the opening and closing of the variable pitch fork 6.8.7, and finally realizing the adjustment of the spacing of different flexible suction needles 6.8.10.

[0042] During the matrix mixing stage:

[0043] Ingredients:

[0044] Based on the rotational speed requirements of the spiked gear 5.5 and the two outer grooved wheels 5.6 obtained during the identification and adjustment phase, the spiked gear 5.5 and the outer grooved wheels 5.6 rotate at different speeds driven by the motor, discharging the matrix components—peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite—at a certain flow rate, thus preparing the matrix with the required proportions of peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite. The large hopper photoelectric sensor 5.3 and the small hopper photoelectric sensor 5.4 are used to monitor the quantity of matrix components in the large hopper 5.1 and the small hopper 5.2, respectively. When the quantity of matrix components falls below the levels of the large hopper photoelectric sensor 5.3 and the small hopper photoelectric sensor 5.4, an alarm is triggered, prompting the addition of the required matrix components.

[0045] Mixing:

[0046] The secondary blending mechanism 4.3 includes a secondary blending cone 4.3.1 and secondary blending blades 4.3.2, which rotate under the drive of a motor. The matrix components discharged from the batching module 5 fall into the primary blending funnel 4.1 for initial matrix blending, and then fall into the secondary blending bin 4.2. When the matrix falls onto the rotating secondary blending mechanism 4.3, the matrix collides with the selected secondary blending blades 4.3.2, causing the matrix to move randomly, thus achieving secondary matrix blending. The matrix discharged from the secondary blending bin 4.2 falls into the feeding bin 4.4.

[0047] During the sowing stage:

[0048] Covering material:

[0049] The cavity tray 2 is located on the conveyor belt 9, and the conveyor motor 10 drives the conveyor belt 9 through a chain. When the cavity tray 2 reaches the position of the undercoating photoelectric sensor 3.1, the undercoating photoelectric sensor 3.1 sends an electrical signal to the control box 11, which controls the rotation of the feeding auger 4.5 and the operation of the undercoating module 3. The feeding auger 4.5 rotates in the positive direction, driving the substrate towards the feeding port 4.6 until the substrate falls from the feeding port 4.6 onto the dispersing plate 3.10. Because the vibrator 3.9 drives the dispersing plate 3.10 to vibrate laterally on the dispersing plate guide rail 3.7, the substrate falling into the dispersing plate 3.10 gradually and evenly separates; the evenly separated substrate is discharged from the lower outlet of the dispersing plate 3.10 and enters the guide trough 3.5.1 of the guide 3.5. Each guide trough 3.5.1 is aligned with each cavity of the cavity tray 2, so the substrate passing through the guide trough 3.5.1 accurately falls into the cavity of the cavity tray 2. Each row of holes in the burr tray 2 is filled with matrix in the same way until all holes in the entire burr tray 2 are filled with matrix to achieve bottom material coverage. At this time, the feeding auger 4.5 stops rotating and feeding.

[0050] sowing:

[0051] When the seed tray 2 reaches the position of the variable-pitch seeding photoelectric sensor 6.1, the sensor sends an electrical signal to the control box 11, which then controls the variable-pitch seeding module 6 to operate. After the cylinder 6.5 extends, it drives the variable-pitch seeding mechanism 6.8 to slide from the upper end to the lower end of the variable-pitch seeding guide rail 6.7. At this time, the silicone suction nozzles 6.8, 10, and 3 extend into the seed box 6.9. Applying negative pressure to the flexible suction needles 6.8, 10, and 3 simultaneously generates negative pressure at the silicone suction nozzles 6.8, 10, and 3, causing the seeds to be adsorbed onto them. The cylinder 6.5 retracts, driving the variable-pitch seeding mechanism 6.8 to slide from the lower end to the upper end of the variable-pitch seeding guide rail 6.7. At this time, the negative pressure on the flexible suction needles 6.8, 10, and 3 is released. After losing the suction force of the negative pressure, the seeds fall freely into the seed tray 2, completing the seeding of one row of holes in the seed tray 2. After the conveyor belt 9 moves the seed tray 2 forward by the distance of one seed hole, the process of cylinder 6.5 extending and retracting and seed adsorption is repeated to complete the sowing of the entire seed tray 2.

[0052] Covering material:

[0053] After sowing is complete, the conveyor motor 10 drives the conveyor belt 9 via a chain until the seed tray 2 reaches the position of the surface covering photoelectric sensor 7.1. The surface covering photoelectric sensor 7.1 sends an electrical signal to the control box 11, which then controls the rotation of the feeding auger 4.5 and the operation of the surface covering module 7. The feeding auger 4.5 rotates in the opposite direction, moving the substrate towards the second feeding port 4.7 until the substrate is discharged from the second feeding port 4.7. The working principle of the substrate in the surface covering module 7 is the same as that in the bottom covering module 3. The substrate is then refilled into all the holes of the seed tray 2, achieving surface covering and covering the seeds. At this point, the feeding auger 4.5 stops rotating and feeding.

[0054] Spraying: When the seed tray 2 reaches the position of the spray photoelectric sensor 8.1, the spray photoelectric sensor 8.1 sends an electrical signal to the control box 11. The control box 11 controls the spray module 8 to work and performs quantitative spraying according to the required water volume calculated by the control box 11.

[0055] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and tray sizes, characterized in that, The system includes a batching module (5) and a mixing and feeding module (4) located below the batching module (5). A bottom covering module (3) and a top covering module (7) are located below the feeding port 1 (4.6) and feeding port 2 (4.7) of the mixing and feeding module (4). A variable-pitch seeding module (6) is located below the mixing and feeding module (4) and between the bottom covering module (3) and the top covering module (7). A conveyor belt (9) is located below the variable-pitch seeding module (6), the bottom covering module (3), and the top covering module (7). Seedling trays (2) are placed on the conveyor belt (9). A spraying mold is located at the end of the conveyor belt (9) in the direction of travel. Block (8), the conveyor belt (9) is fixed to the frame (1) by bearings, the frame (1) is equipped with a conveyor motor (10), the conveyor motor (10) drives the conveyor belt (9) to move by a chain; the frame (1) below the bottom material module (3), the variable pitch seeding module (6), the top material module (7) and the spraying module (8) is equipped with a bottom material photoelectric sensor (3.1), a variable pitch seeding photoelectric sensor (6.1), a top material photoelectric sensor (7.1) and a spraying photoelectric sensor (8.1), which are used to monitor the position of the seed trays (2) on the conveyor belt (9) and are connected to the control box (11) by wires; The batching module (5) includes a large container (5.1), a small container (5.2), a photoelectric sensor for the large container (5.3), a photoelectric sensor for the small container (5.4), a spiked gear (5.5), an outer grooved wheel (5.6), an electrode plate (5.7), and electrode terminals (5.8). The large container (5.1) contains viscous, water-containing matrix components, while the small container (5.2) contains water-free, non-viscous matrix components. The spiked gear (5.5) and the outer grooved wheel (5.6) are located at the outlets below the large container (5.1) and the small container (5.2), respectively. Driven by a motor, the spiked gear (5.5) and the outer grooved wheel (5.6) rotate to discharge the matrix components. The spiked gear (5.5) discharges the matrix components from the large container (5.1), and the outer grooved wheel (5.6) discharges the matrix components from the small container (5.2). The matrix composition raw materials in the ); the large material box photoelectric sensor (5.3) and the small material box photoelectric sensor (5.4) are fixed to the large material box (5.1) and the small material box (5.2) to monitor the quantity of matrix composition raw materials. When the matrix composition raw materials are lower than the large material box photoelectric sensor (5.3) and the small material box photoelectric sensor (5.4), an alarm is issued; the electrode plate (5.7) is attached to the two inner sides of the large material box (5.1) or the small material box (5.2) through the electrode terminal (5.8). The matrix composition raw materials are filled between the electrode plates (5.7). After power is applied, current flows through the matrix composition raw materials between the electrode plates (5.7). By measuring the current and voltage, the resistance of the matrix composition raw materials can be obtained, and its moisture content can be calculated. The control box (11) calculates the spray volume of the spray module (8) based on the measured moisture content data and controls the spray module (8) to perform quantitative spraying operation; The mixing and feeding module (4) includes a primary mixing funnel (4.1), a secondary mixing bin (4.2), a secondary mixing mechanism (4.3), a feeding bin (4.4), a feeding auger (4.5), a feeding port one (4.6), and a feeding port two (4.7); the secondary mixing mechanism (4.3) includes a secondary mixing cone (4.3.1) and a secondary mixing blade (4.3.2), which rotate under the drive of a motor; the feeding auger (4.5) is located in the feeding bin (4.4) and is controlled by a motor to achieve forward and reverse rotation; the matrix composition raw materials discharged from the batching module (5) pass through the primary mixing funnel (4.1) and the secondary mixing bin (4.2) in sequence for matrix mixing, and then the matrix moves forward and backward through the forward and reverse rotation of the feeding auger (4.5), and the matrix is ​​sent to the feeding port one (4.6) and the feeding port two (4.7); The base material module (3) includes a base material photoelectric sensor (3.1), a base material module housing (3.2), a feeder motor (3.3), a coupling (3.4), a feeder (3.5), a feeder shaft (3.6), a dispersing plate guide rail (3.7), a dispersing plate slider (3.8), a vibrator (3.9), and a dispersing plate (3.10); the feeder (3.5) includes a feeder groove (3.5.1); the two dispersing plate guide rails (3.7) are fixed on the base material module housing (3.2), and are respectively... A dispersing plate slider (3.8) is placed on the dispersing plate guide rail (3.7), and the non-sliding surface of the dispersing plate slider (3.8) is fixed to the back of the dispersing plate (3.10); the vibrator (3.9) is fixed to the back of the dispersing plate (3.10); the feeder (3.5) is connected to the outer shell (3.2) of the base material module through one end of the feeder shaft (3.6), and the other end is connected to the feeder motor (3.3) through the coupling (3.4), and the feeder motor (3.3) is fixed to the outer shell (3.2) of the base material module; The feeder (3.5) has four sides, each with a feed groove (3.5.1), and the feed grooves (3.5.1) on the four sides have different specifications; the variable-pitch seeding module (6) includes a camera (6.6) and a flexible suction needle (6.8.10), the flexible suction needle (6.8.10) includes a silicone suction nozzle (6.8.10.3), the inner hole of the silicone suction nozzle (6.8.10.3) adopts an arc-shaped stepped shape, and the arc-shaped stepped holes of different diameters are used to adsorb seeds with different particle sizes and surface curvatures; During operation, the camera (6.6) captures images of the seeds to be sown in the seed box (6.9) and transmits them to the control box (11) for seed identification; based on the seed identification results, the required ratio of substrate components and the required specifications of the seed trays (2) are determined; based on the substrate ratio requirements, the required rotational speeds of the spiked gears (5.5) and the two outer grooved wheels (5.6) in the large feed box (5.1) and the two small feed boxes (5.2) are determined; based on the specifications of the seed trays (2), the control box (6.6) adjusts the rotational speeds of the seed trays (6.9) and the seed trays (6.9). 11) Control the feeder motor (3.3) to drive the feeder (3.5) to rotate a certain angle until the feeder groove (3.5.1) corresponding to the specification of the seed tray (2) is at the lower outlet of the dispersing plate (3.10); according to the specification requirements of the seed tray (2), adjust the spacing of the flexible suction needles (6.8.10) in the variable spacing seeding module (6) so that it is the same as the spacing of the holes of the seed tray (2) of the corresponding specification; the structure and principle of the top dressing module (7) are the same as those of the bottom dressing module (3).

2. The universal tray seeder applicable to seeds of various sizes and tray sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The variable-pitch seeding module (6) includes a variable-pitch seeding photoelectric sensor (6.1), a variable-pitch seeding module housing (6.2), a cylinder crossbeam (6.3), a cylinder bearing (6.4), a cylinder (6.5), a camera (6.6), a variable-pitch seeding guide rail (6.7), a variable-pitch seeding mechanism (6.8), and a seed box (6.9). The cylinder crossbeam (6.3) is fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing (6.2), and the cylinder (6.5) is connected to the cylinder crossbeam (6.3) via the cylinder bearing (6.4). The camera (6.6) and the variable-pitch seeding guide rail (6.7) are fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing (6.2), and the seed box (6.9) is fixed to the variable-pitch seeding module housing (6.2) via a connecting rod. The variable pitch seeding mechanism (6.8) includes a variable pitch seeding bearing (6.8.1), a variable pitch seeding connecting rod (6.8.2), a variable pitch motor (6.8.3), a variable pitch coupling (6.8.4), a variable pitch lead screw (6.8.5), a variable pitch connector (6.8.6), a variable pitch fork (6.8.7), a variable pitch slider (6.8.8), a variable pitch slide rail (6.8.9), and a flexible suction needle (6.8.10). The variable pitch seeding connecting rod (6.8.2) is connected to the moving end of the cylinder (6.5), and both ends of the variable pitch seeding connecting rod (6.8.2) are mounted on the variable pitch seeding bearing (6.8.1) at both ends. The variable pitch seeding guide rail (6.7) is used; the variable pitch fork (6.8.7) is connected to the variable pitch screw (6.8.5) through the variable pitch connector (6.8.6), and the variable pitch screw (6.8.5) is connected to the variable pitch motor (6.8.3) through the variable pitch coupling (6.8.4); the variable pitch slide rail (6.8.9) is fixed to the variable pitch seeding connecting rod (6.8.2), the cross joint of the variable pitch fork (6.8.7) is fixed to the variable pitch slider (6.8.8), the variable pitch slider (6.8.8) slides on the variable pitch slide rail (6.8.9), and the flexible suction needle (6.8.10) is connected to the variable pitch slider (6.8.8).

3. A universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and tray sizes according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flexible suction needle (6.8.10) includes a suction needle connecting mounting base (6.8.10.1), a suction needle elastic element (6.8.10.2), and a silicone suction nozzle (6.8.10.3); the suction needle elastic element (6.8.10.2) is connected to the variable pitch slider (6.8.8) through the suction needle connecting mounting base (6.8.10.1); the upper end of the suction needle elastic element (6.8.10.2) is connected to the air pump through an air pipe, and the lower end is connected to the silicone suction nozzle (6.8.10.3).

4. A universal tray seeder suitable for seeds of various sizes and tray sizes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix composition raw materials placed in the large material box (5.1) are peat moss, and the matrix composition raw materials placed in the small material box (5.2) are vermiculite and perlite.

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