A high-temperature-resistant impact-resistant composite yarn, fabric and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of functional fabric, in particular to a kind of high-temperature-resistant impact composite yarn, fabric and preparation method thereof.The present application uses PBO yarn as core yarn, covers polyurethane layer on the surface of core yarn by electrospinning, then constructs conductive sensing layer by coating MXene and CNT ink mixed solution on PU layer, PU has large specific surface area and porosity, MXene and CNT ink can be stably and uniformly attached, on this basis, high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant fiber is used as sheath yarn, and the sheath yarn is tightly covered on core yarn and conductive sensing layer by friction spinning, which not only increases wear resistance, but also endows it with good high-temperature-resistant performance, finally, silver nanowire is coated on the surface of sheath yarn multiple times to prepare sheath layer with temperature-sensitive performance.The composite yarn prepared by the present application has excellent conductivity, temperature sensing sensitivity, stable function, and overcomes the limitations of existing impact-resistant composite materials without conductive sensing performance and application under high temperature conditions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of functional fabric, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn, fabric and preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Special protective materials with high-temperature resistance and impact resistance are needed in many occasions, especially in fire rescue. In addition to providing basic high-temperature protection, such special protective materials can also absorb the impact energy generated by explosions in fires to provide protection for the safety of the human body. Traditional impact-resistant and high-temperature-resistant materials are mostly composed of shear thickening fluids combined with high-performance fibers or high-performance fibers combined with resins. However, shear thickening fluids are usually liquid and not easy to wear and carry, and they can easily separate over time. High-performance fibers combined with resins have poor flexibility and do not have sensing performance, which is contrary to the development of wearable and intelligent devices. With the development of modern textile technology, research on high-performance yarn and fabric sensors with special protective functions has gradually increased.

[0003] In existing technologies, the methods for preparing conductive sensing layers on high-performance yarns mostly involve direct dipping and coating or chemical deposition of conductive materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXene, etc., or wrapping with metal wires. Due to the smooth surface and strong chemical inertness of most high-performance yarns, direct dipping and coating of conductive materials have interface bonding problems, and in actual applications, the conductive layer is prone to cracking or peeling off, affecting the conductive sensing performance.

[0004] For example, Chinese Patent No. CN116288868A discloses a cotton yarn, a composite fabric with a continuous basalt fiber wrapping structure, and a preparation method. The fabric is woven from a wrapping yarn composed of continuous basalt fiber and cotton yarn. The core yarn of the wrapping yarn is continuous basalt fiber, and the outer wrapping yarn is cotton yarn. The wrapping yarn combines the easy weaving, water absorption, softness of cotton fiber, and the high strength, no shrinkage, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance of basalt fiber. The wrapping yarn fabric can avoid direct contact between inorganic fibers and the human body, thereby preventing injury, and improves the strength, shrinkage resistance, and wrinkle resistance of cotton yarn. Although the clothes made of the composite fabric have high-temperature resistance, the flexibility and subsequent weaving of the yarn are limited. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn, fabric and preparation method thereof.

[0006] The purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical solution: a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. electrospinning: taking PBO yarn as core yarn, and coating polyurethane on the surface of the core yarn by electrospinning;

[0008] S2. one-time spraying: spraying a conductive sensing solution on the core yarn coated with polyurethane, the conductive sensing solution being a mixture of MXene solution and CNT ink solution, wherein the concentration of the MXene solution is 0.5-5wt%, and the concentration of the CNT ink solution is 1-5%; after spraying, the yarn is placed in an oven for drying to obtain a core yarn with a conductive sensing layer;

[0009] S3. friction spinning: taking high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant fiber as sheath yarn, and tightly coating the sheath yarn on the core yarn with the conductive sensing layer by friction spinning to obtain a friction spinning sheath yarn;

[0010] S4. secondary spraying: spraying silver nanowires on the friction spinning sheath yarn for 5-20 times, and the concentration of the silver nanowires is 5-20mg / ml, to obtain a high-temperature-resistant impact-resistant composite yarn.

[0011] Further, the diameter of the PBO yarn is 800-1500D, and the concentration of the polyurethane spinning dope is 16-24wt%.

[0012] Further, the voltage during electrospinning is 10-12kV, and the receiving distance is 15-20cm.

[0013] Further, the volume ratio of the MXene solution to the CNT ink solution in the mixture is 0.3-3:1.

[0014] Further, the spraying time of the spray gun is 4-20min, the drying temperature is 50-80℃, and the spraying and drying are repeated for 3-10 times.

[0015] Further, the friction spinning is performed with the friction roller speed being 4000-6000r / min, the combing stick speed being 3500-5500r / min, the feeding speed being 0.5-1.2m / min, the output speed being 15-25m / min, and the crimping speed being 16-26m / min.

[0016] Further, the high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant fiber is one of aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, or flame-retardant viscose fiber.

[0017] The high-temperature-resistant impact-resistant composite yarn prepared by the above method.

[0018] A fabric prepared by using the above high-temperature-resistant impact-resistant composite yarn.

[0019] The present application has the following advantages: the present application adopts PBO yarn as core yarn, has excellent impact resistance and heat resistance, coats a polyurethane (PU) layer on the surface of the core yarn through electrospinning technology, then coats a MXene and CNT ink mixed solution on the PU layer to construct a conductive sensing layer, the PU has a large specific surface area and porosity, the MXene and CNT ink can be stably and uniformly attached, on this basis, a high-temperature-resistant and flame-retardant fiber is used as sheath yarn, and the sheath yarn is tightly coated on the core yarn and the conductive sensing layer through friction spinning, which not only increases the wear resistance, but also endows it with good high-temperature-resistant performance, finally, a silver nanowire is coated on the surface of the sheath yarn to prepare a sheath layer with temperature-sensitive performance. The fabric is prepared from the above-mentioned composite yarn. The composite yarn prepared by the present application has excellent conductivity, temperature sensing sensitivity and stable function, and overcomes the limitations of the existing impact-resistant composite material without conductive sensing performance and application under high temperature conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is the temperature response resistance change curve of the composite yarn of the present application at different temperatures.

[0021] Figure 2 is the current change curve of the composite yarn of the present application sprayed with different Ag NWs times.

[0022] Figure 3 is the resistance change curve of the fabric of the present application at different temperatures.

[0023] Figure 4 is the resistance change curve of the fabric of the present application under cyclic temperature change.

[0024] Figure 5 is the force displacement curve of the fabric of the present application under different impact heights.

[0025] Figure 6 is the energy loss rate of the fabric of the present application under different impact energies.

[0026] Figure 7 is the electric output sensing test result graph of the fabric of the present application under different forces. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and examples, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited to the following:

[0028] Example 1: a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn, which comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. electrospinning: PBO yarn as core yarn, polyurethane is coated on the surface of the core yarn by electrospinning; wherein the diameter of the PBO yarn is 800D, the concentration of the polyurethane spinning dope is 16wt%; the voltage during electrospinning is 10kV; the receiving distance is 15cm;

[0030] S2. one spraying: spraying a conductive sensing solution on the core yarn coated with polyurethane, the spraying time of the spray gun is 4min, the conductive sensing solution is a mixed solution of MXene solution and CNT ink solution, wherein the concentration of the MXene solution is 0.5wt%, the concentration of the CNT ink solution is 1%, the volume ratio of the MXene solution to the CNT ink solution in the mixed solution is 0.3:1; after spraying, it is placed in a 50℃ oven for drying, spraying and drying are repeated 3 times, and a core yarn with a conductive sensing layer is obtained;

[0031] S3. friction spinning: aramid fiber as sheath yarn, tightly coated on the core yarn with a conductive sensing layer by friction spinning to obtain a friction spinning sheath yarn; the friction roller speed is set to 4000r / min, the combing stick speed is 3500r / min, the feeding speed is 0.5m / min, the output speed is 15m / min, and the crimping speed is 16m / min.

[0032] S4. secondary spraying: spraying silver nanowires on the friction spinning sheath yarn 5 times, and the concentration of the silver nanowires is 5mg / ml, to obtain a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn.

[0033] Embodiment 2: a preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1. electrospinning: PBO yarn as core yarn, polyurethane is coated on the surface of the core yarn by electrospinning; wherein the diameter of the PBO yarn is 1500D, the concentration of the polyurethane spinning dope is 24wt%; the voltage during electrospinning is 12kV; the receiving distance is 20cm;

[0035] S2. one spraying: spraying a conductive sensing solution on the core yarn coated with polyurethane, the spraying time of the spray gun is 20min, the conductive sensing solution is a mixed solution of MXene solution and CNT ink solution, wherein the concentration of the MXene solution is 5wt%, the concentration of the CNT ink solution is 5%, the volume ratio of the MXene solution to the CNT ink solution in the mixed solution is 3:1; after spraying, it is placed in an 80℃ oven for drying, spraying and drying are repeated 10 times, and a core yarn with a conductive sensing layer is obtained;

[0036] S3. Friction spinning: polyimide fibers are used as sheath yarn, and the sheath yarn is tightly wrapped on the core yarn of the conductive sensing layer by friction spinning to obtain a friction spinning sheath yarn; the friction roller speed is set to 6000 r / min, the carding roller speed is set to 5500 r / min, the feeding speed is set to 1.2 m / min, the output speed is set to 25 m / min, and the crimping speed is set to 26 m / min.

[0037] S4. Secondary spraying: silver nanowires are sprayed on the friction spinning sheath yarn for 20 times, and the concentration of the silver nanowires is 20 mg / ml, to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn.

[0038] Embodiment 3: A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn, which comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1. Electrospinning: PBO yarn is used as the core yarn, and polyurethane is wrapped on the surface of the core yarn by electrospinning; wherein the diameter of the PBO yarn is 1000D, and the concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 18wt%; the voltage during the electrospinning is 11kV, and the receiving distance is 16cm;

[0040] S2. Primary spraying: a conductive sensing solution is sprayed on the core yarn wrapped with polyurethane, the spraying time of the spray gun is 10min, the conductive sensing solution is a mixed solution of MXene solution and CNT ink solution, wherein the concentration of the MXene solution is 2wt%, the concentration of the CNT ink solution is 2%, and the volume ratio of the MXene solution to the CNT ink solution in the mixed solution is 1:1; after the spraying, the yarn is placed in a 55℃ oven for drying, the spraying and drying are repeated for 5 times, and a core yarn with a conductive sensing layer is obtained.

[0041] S3. Friction spinning: flame-retardant viscose fibers are used as sheath yarn, and the sheath yarn is tightly wrapped on the core yarn of the conductive sensing layer by friction spinning to obtain a friction spinning sheath yarn; the friction roller speed is set to 4500 r / min, the carding roller speed is set to 4000-4500 r / min, the feeding speed is set to 0.8 m / min, the output speed is set to 18 m / min, and the crimping speed is set to 20 m / min.

[0042] S4. Secondary spraying: silver nanowires are sprayed on the friction spinning sheath yarn for 10 times, and the concentration of the silver nanowires is 10 mg / ml, to obtain the high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn.

[0043] Embodiment 4: A preparation method of a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn, which comprises the following steps:

[0044] S1. Electrospinning: PBO yarn is used as the core yarn, and polyurethane is wrapped on the surface of the core yarn by electrospinning; wherein the diameter of the PBO yarn is 1300D, and the concentration of the polyurethane spinning solution is 22wt%; the voltage during the electrospinning is 12kV, and the receiving distance is 14cm;

[0045] S2. One spraying: spraying a conductive sensing solution on the polyurethane coated core yarn, the spraying time of the spray gun is 15 min, the conductive sensing solution is a mixed solution of MXene solution and CNT ink solution, wherein the concentration of the MXene solution is 4wt%, the concentration of the CNT ink solution is 4.5%, and the volume ratio of the MXene solution to the CNT ink solution in the mixed solution is 2.5:1; after spraying, it is placed in a 70℃ oven for drying, and the spraying and drying are repeated 8 times to obtain a core yarn with a conductive sensing layer;

[0046] S3. Friction spinning: using aramid fiber as sheath yarn, the aramid fiber is tightly wrapped on the core yarn with the conductive sensing layer by friction spinning to obtain a friction spinning sheath yarn; the friction roller speed is set to 5500r / min, the combing roller speed is set to 5000r / min, the feeding speed is set to 1.0m / min, the output speed is set to 22m / min, and the crimping speed is set to 22m / min.

[0047] S4. Second spraying: spraying silver nanowires on the friction spinning sheath yarn for 15 times, and the concentration of the silver nanowires is 16mg / ml, to obtain a high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn.

[0048] The beneficial effects of the application are illustrated by the following experiments:

[0049] The high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn prepared in Example 3 is taken as the experimental yarn, and the temperature response resistance value of the composite yarn prepared in Example 3 at different temperatures is tested, and the experimental results are shown in Figure 1 , and it can be seen that: Figure 1 The composite yarn shows obvious different resistance changes at different temperatures and has a thermal sensing performance.

[0050] The high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn is prepared by the preparation method of Example 3, different spraying times are set in step S4 of the second spraying, and the current change of the composite yarn with different silver nanowire spraying times is tested, and the experimental results are shown in Figure 2 , and it can be seen that: Figure 2 The current of the composite yarn increases with the increase of the spraying times, and the spraying of silver nanowires can improve the temperature sensitivity of the composite yarn.

[0051] The high-temperature-resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn prepared in Example 3 is taken as the experimental yarn, and the yarn is used to weave a fabric on a weaving machine or a knitting machine, and the resistance change of the fabric at different temperatures is tested, and the experimental results are shown in Figure 3 , and it can be seen that: Figure 3 The fabric has good sensing performance in the temperature range of 0-400℃.

[0052] Take the high-temperature resistant impact composite yarn prepared in Example 3 as the experimental yarn, and use the yarn to weave into a fabric on a weaving machine or a knitting machine, test the resistance change of the fabric under the cyclic temperature change, and the experimental results are as shown in Figure 4 It can be seen from Figure 4 that the resistance change of the fabric is stable under the cyclic temperature of 50-200 DEG C, and the fabric has good cyclic temperature sensing performance.

[0053] Take the high-temperature resistant impact composite yarn prepared in Example 3 as the experimental yarn, and use the yarn to weave into a fabric on a weaving machine or a knitting machine, test the force-time change of the fabric under different impact heights, and the experimental results are as shown in Figure 5 It can be seen from Figure 5 that the greater the impact height, the greater the impact force peak.

[0054] Take the high-temperature resistant impact composite yarn prepared in Example 3 as the experimental yarn, and use the yarn to weave into a fabric on a weaving machine or a knitting machine, test the energy loss change of the fabric under different impact energies, and the experimental results are as shown in Figure 6 It can be seen from Figure 6 that the greater the impact energy, the greater the energy loss rate, and under the impact energy of 2.2J, the energy loss rate is 76.9%, and the fabric has good impact protection performance.

[0055] Take the high-temperature resistant impact composite yarn prepared in Example 3 as the experimental yarn, and use the yarn to weave into a fabric on a weaving machine or a knitting machine, test the electric output sensing value of the fabric under different forces, and the experimental results are as shown in Figure 7 It can be seen from Figure 7 that the fabric can be used as a pressure sensor to evaluate the external force.

[0056] The above is only the preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this, any skilled person in the art can make equivalent replacement or change according to the technical scheme and the inventive concept of the present application within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which is covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of making a high temperature resistant impact resistant composite yarn, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: S1. electrospinning: taking PBO yarn as core yarn, coating polyurethane on the surface of the core yarn by electrospinning; the diameter of the PBO yarn is 800-1500D, and the concentration of the polyurethane spinning dope is 16-24wt%; S2. one spraying: spraying conductive sensing solution on the core yarn coated with polyurethane by using a spray gun, the conductive sensing solution is a mixture of MXene solution and CNT ink solution, wherein the concentration of MXene solution is 0.5-5wt%, and the concentration of CNT ink solution is 1-5%; after spraying, it is put into an oven for drying to obtain a core yarn with a conductive sensing layer; the volume ratio of MXene solution to CNT ink solution in the mixture is 0.3-3:1; S3. friction spinning: taking high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant fiber as sheath yarn, tightly coating it on the core yarn with conductive sensing layer by friction spinning to obtain friction spinning sheath yarn; S4. secondary spraying: spraying silver nanowire on the friction spinning sheath yarn for 5-20 times, and the concentration of silver nanowire is 5-20mg / ml, to obtain high-temperature-resistant impact-resistant composite yarn.

2. The method for preparing a high-temperature resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage during electrospinning is 10-12kV, and the receiving distance is 15-20cm.

3. The method for preparing a high-temperature resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying time of the spray gun is 4-20min, the drying temperature is 50-80℃, and the spraying and drying are repeated for 3-10 times.

4. The method for preparing a high-temperature resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction spinning is set at a friction roller speed of 4000-6000r / min, a combing stick speed of 3500-5500r / min, a feeding speed of 0.5-1.2m / min, an output speed of 15-25m / min, and a crimping speed of 16-26m / min.

5. The method for preparing a high-temperature resistant and impact-resistant composite yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature-resistant flame-retardant fiber is one of aramid fiber, polyimide fiber or flame-retardant viscose fiber.

6. The high-temperature-resistant impact-resistant composite yarn prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-5.

7. A fabric characterized in that, The high-temperature-resistant impact-resistant composite yarn of claim 6 is used for knitting.

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