Low-cost artificial feed for silkworm and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a low-cost artificial feed for domestic silkworms and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of domestic silkworm breeding.The low-cost artificial feed for domestic silkworms is composed of mulberry leaf powder, corn powder, organic acid, sitosterol, microorganisms, enzyme preparation, vitamins, minerals and the like, and can effectively improve the stress resistance of the domestic silkworms, and improve the silk production rate of the silkworms and the quality of the silk.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of silkworm breeding technology, and in particular to a low-cost artificial feed for silkworms and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] The silkworm is an important economic insect, with its silk and other by-products having high added value and broad application prospects. However, silkworm rearing is often affected by adverse environments and pathogens, leading to a decline in important traits such as growth and development, yield and quality, and disease resistance, resulting in significant economic losses. Therefore, improving the stress resistance of silkworms is an urgent need for the development of the sericulture industry.

[0003] The stress resistance of silkworms refers to their ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions, such as high temperature, low temperature, drought, humidity, hunger, and pathogens. Improving the stress resistance of silkworms helps ensure their growth and development, improve cocoon quality, reduce losses, and increase the economic benefits of sericulture.

[0004] Feed is one of the most important factors affecting the stress resistance of silkworms. It not only provides nutrients but also influences their physiological metabolism and endocrine system, improving their gut microbiota and enhancing their immunity and disease resistance. Furthermore, compared to breeding and management methods, optimizing feed to improve silkworm stress resistance is simpler and less costly.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop an artificial feed for silkworms to meet the requirement of improving the stress resistance of silkworms at a low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a low-cost artificial feed for silkworms and its preparation method. This feed can effectively improve the stress resistance of silkworms, as well as increase the silk production rate and silk quality.

[0007] The low-cost artificial feed for silkworms described in this invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0008] 70-80 parts mulberry leaf powder, 20-30 parts corn flour, 0.5-3 parts organic acids, 0.5-3 parts sitosterol, 0.1-0.5 parts microorganisms, 0.1-1 parts enzyme preparation, 0.1-3 parts vitamins, and 0.1-1 parts minerals.

[0009] Furthermore, the organic acid is one or more of citric acid, fumaric acid, and sorbic acid.

[0010] Furthermore, when the organic acid is citric acid and fumaric acid, the weight ratio of citric acid to fumaric acid is 4:1.

[0011] Furthermore, when the organic acid is citric acid, sorbic acid, or fumaric acid, the weight ratio of citric acid, sorbic acid, and fumaric acid is 4:2:1.

[0012] Furthermore, the microorganism is one or more of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0013] Furthermore, the microorganisms are added in the form of bacterial powder, wherein the effective viable count in the bacterial powder is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 9 per g.

[0014] Further, the enzyme preparation is one or more of amylase, cellulase, β-glucanase, phytase, and protease. Preferably, the enzyme preparation is amylase, cellulase, and phytase.

[0015] Furthermore, the vitamin is one or more of vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

[0016] Furthermore, the B vitamins are one or more of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12.

[0017] Furthermore, the mineral is one or more of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, and chromium.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the artificial feed for silkworms, the steps of which are as follows:

[0019] S1. Wash, dry, and pulverize fresh mulberry leaves, then pass them through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry leaf powder;

[0020] S2. Mix organic acids, vitamins, and minerals to obtain an additive;

[0021] S3. Mix mulberry leaf powder, corn flour, enzyme preparation, and water evenly, and then perform enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0022] S4. Mix the enzymatic hydrolysis product with additives, sitosterol, and microorganisms evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0023] S5. The mixture is shaped, dried, cut and packaged to obtain finished artificial feed for silkworms.

[0024] Furthermore, the mulberry leaf drying temperature is 40℃~45℃, and the drying time is 12~24h.

[0025] Furthermore, the amount of water added is 10% to 20% of the total weight of mulberry leaf powder and corn flour.

[0026] Furthermore, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 50℃, the enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 5.0, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2–12 h.

[0027] Furthermore, the particle size of the artificial feed for silkworms is 0.5–5 mm.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] The feed of this invention can significantly improve the stress resistance of silkworms, and has a significant positive impact on promoting the growth and development of silkworms, enhancing their disease resistance, and improving the yield and quality of silk, thereby improving the economic benefits of the sericulture industry. The feed of this invention has good palatability, which can increase the feed intake of silkworms, improve feed conversion rate, and reduce feed waste. The feed of this invention has good stability, can be stored at room temperature for a long time without easily deteriorating, and is easy to transport and store. The feed of this invention has good safety, does not contain harmful substances, and will not pollute silkworms or the environment, conforming to the concept of green ecology. The preparation method of this invention is simple, low-cost, and easy to promote and apply. Detailed Implementation

[0030] This invention provides a low-cost artificial feed for silkworms comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0031] 70-80 parts mulberry leaf powder, 20-30 parts corn flour, 0.5-3 parts organic acids, 0.5-3 parts sitosterol, 0.1-0.5 parts microorganisms, 0.1-1 parts enzyme preparation, 0.1-3 parts vitamins, and 0.1-1 parts minerals.

[0032] Cornmeal is an excellent energy feed, containing high levels of starch and fat, providing the energy needed for silkworm growth and development. The starch in cornmeal also helps to shape the feed, giving it suitable physical properties for easy feeding and consumption by silkworms. Cornmeal does not contain substances that hinder silkworm feeding, such as acidic substances, phenolic compounds, or trypsin inhibitors; therefore, it does not affect the silkworms' appetite and digestion of artificial feed. Although cornmeal contains some protein and amino acids, the content is low, and the amino acid composition is unbalanced, lacking tryptophan and lysine. Therefore, cornmeal cannot be used as the primary protein source in artificial silkworm feed. Furthermore, cornmeal is relatively inexpensive; adding an appropriate amount can reduce the amount of other ingredients used, positively impacting feed costs and improving silkworm farming efficiency.

[0033] Sitosterol is a plant sterol, a class of steroidal compounds found in plant cell membranes. It has a structure similar to cholesterol in animals, but unlike cholesterol, sitosterol cannot be synthesized in animals and can only be obtained through food intake.

[0034] In one embodiment, the organic acid is one or more of citric acid, fumaric acid, and sorbic acid.

[0035] In one embodiment, when the organic acid is citric acid and fumaric acid, the weight ratio of citric acid to fumaric acid is 4:1.

[0036] In one embodiment, when the organic acid is citric acid, sorbic acid, or fumaric acid, the weight ratio of citric acid, sorbic acid, and fumaric acid is 4:2:1.

[0037] In this invention, organic acids have the following functions:

[0038] This invention can lower the pH value and acid-holding capacity of feed, inhibiting the growth of molds and bacteria in the feed and ensuring feed quality and safety. The antibacterial effect of organic acids is related to their pKa value; the lower the pKa value, the stronger the antibacterial effect, but the weaker the effect in the intestine; conversely, the higher the pKa value, the weaker the antibacterial effect, but the stronger the effect in the intestine. Therefore, different organic acids have different inhibitory effects on different microorganisms, and their selection and formulation need to be based on the feed storage conditions and the characteristics of the target microorganisms. To maintain a balance between antibacterial and intestinal effects, this invention limits the types and ratios of organic acids.

[0039] It can improve the digestive function of silkworms, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, inhibit the Gram-negative native microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract, reduce the colonization of harmful bacteria, lower the risk of intestinal inflammation, and enhance the function of the intestinal barrier. It can also improve the energy utilization rate of intermediate metabolism and reduce energy loss.

[0040] Organic acids can regulate the acid-base balance in silkworms, maintaining normal physiological functions. They act as buffers, neutralizing alkaline substances in feed and preventing excessively high pH levels in the silkworm's body, which could affect enzyme activity and metabolic balance. Organic acids also function as electrolytes, participating in the transport of substances inside and outside cells and maintaining cellular osmotic pressure and balance.

[0041] Organic acids can enhance the immunity and disease resistance of silkworms. They can stimulate the immune organs of silkworms, promote the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells, increase the synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulins, improve the efficiency of immune responses, regulate the activity of signal transduction and transcription factors, induce the expression of antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins, and resist oxidative stress and heat stress.

[0042] In summary, organic acids in the aforementioned low-cost artificial silkworm feed can lower the pH value and acid-holding capacity of the feed, inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria in the feed, improve the digestive function of silkworms, promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients, regulate the acid-base balance in the silkworm's body, maintain normal physiological functions, improve the immunity of silkworms, and enhance their disease resistance.

[0043] Furthermore, organic acids and sitosterol exhibit a good synergistic effect in this invention, specifically:

[0044] Excessive cholesterol accumulation in silkworms can lead to disordered fat metabolism, affecting their growth, development, and cocoon quality, and even causing diseases such as fatty liver. However, the combined use of organic acids and sitosterols can compete with cholesterol for intestinal absorption, reducing cholesterol intake, while simultaneously inhibiting cholesterol synthesis in the liver and lowering blood cholesterol levels. Therefore, the synergistic effect of organic acids and sitosterols can effectively prevent and improve cholesterol-related problems in silkworms.

[0045] Furthermore, the combined use of organic acids and sitosterol can promote protein synthesis in silkworms, increase their body weight and cocoon weight, improve cocoon layer rate and silk yield, regulate hormone levels, extend their lifespan and cocooning period, and also improve their growth rate and cocoon quality, ultimately increasing silkworm production and profitability.

[0046] In one embodiment, the microorganism is one or more of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0047] In one embodiment, the microorganisms are added in the form of a bacterial powder, wherein the bacterial powder contains ≥2×10⁻⁶ viable bacteria. 9 per g.

[0048] In this invention, the role of microorganisms is as follows:

[0049] It can improve the nutritional value and digestibility of feed. Through fermentation or enzymatic hydrolysis, it can transform indigestible or inefficiently utilized components in feed into easily digestible or highly efficient components, such as proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and organic acids. Microorganisms can also produce growth factors, antibiotics, and immune stimulants, which are beneficial to the growth, development, and health of silkworms.

[0050] Microorganisms can improve the physical properties and palatability of feed by adjusting its moisture, pH, temperature, and odor, making it more suitable for silkworms to eat and digest. Microorganisms can also increase feed stability and shelf life by inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms, preventing spoilage and mold growth.

[0051] It can regulate the intestinal microecological balance of silkworms, influencing the structure and function of the intestinal flora through competition, antagonism, and synergy with beneficial or harmful bacteria in the intestine. It can also promote the development and activation of the silkworm's intestinal immune system, enhancing the silkworm's disease resistance and stress resistance.

[0052] In summary, the role of microorganisms in the aforementioned low-cost artificial feed for silkworms is to improve the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed, enhance its physical properties and palatability, regulate the intestinal microecological balance of silkworms, and promote their growth, development, and health.

[0053] In one embodiment, the enzyme preparation is one or more of amylase, cellulase, β-glucanase, phytase, and protease.

[0054] In one embodiment, the enzyme preparation is amylase, cellulase, and phytase.

[0055] In this invention, the enzyme preparation plays the following role:

[0056] It can improve the digestibility and utilization of nutrients in feed, degrade macromolecules such as starch, cellulose, β-glucan, phytic acid, and protein in feed, and convert them into easily digestible or highly efficient small molecules such as glucose, amino acids, inorganic phosphorus, and organic acids.

[0057] It can improve the physical properties and palatability of feed by adjusting its moisture, pH, temperature, and odor, making it more suitable for silkworms to eat and digest. It can also increase feed stability and shelf life by inhibiting the growth of harmful microorganisms in the feed, preventing spoilage and mold.

[0058] To achieve optimal results, this invention optimizes feed formulation and processing technology. By selecting and combining different enzyme preparations, the most suitable feed formulation is designed to improve the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed.

[0059] In summary, the role of enzyme preparations in the aforementioned low-cost artificial feed for silkworms and in the enzymatic hydrolysis of feed processing is to improve the digestibility and utilization of nutrients in the feed, improve the physical properties and palatability of the feed, reduce feed costs and environmental pollution, and optimize feed formulation and processing technology.

[0060] In one embodiment, the vitamin is one or more of vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K.

[0061] In one embodiment, the B vitamins are one or more of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B9, and vitamin B12.

[0062] Vitamins are a class of organic compounds essential for the growth, development, and health of silkworms. They participate in the regulation of various life activities, such as metabolism, immunity, antioxidation, and signal transduction. The types and amounts of vitamins directly affect the physiological functions and disease resistance of silkworms. Vitamin deficiency or excess can lead to growth disorders, developmental abnormalities, and disease in silkworms.

[0063] The role of vitamins in the aforementioned low-cost artificial silkworm feed is to supplement the silkworm's vitamin requirements, improve the nutritional value of the feed, and enhance the silkworm's growth, development, and health. Since the vitamin content and types in mulberry leaf powder and corn flour are often insufficient to meet the silkworm's needs for high-quality silk production, a certain amount of vitamin premix or vitamin additives needs to be added to the feed to ensure the normal physiological functions of the silkworm.

[0064] Meanwhile, vitamins can protect nutrients in feed during enzymatic hydrolysis, improving feed stability and quality, and enhancing palatability and digestibility. Since enzymatic hydrolysis in feed processing is carried out under specific conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pH, these conditions may destroy some vitamins in the feed, resulting in vitamin loss and affecting the feed's nutritional value. Adding a certain amount of vitamins can counteract the adverse effects of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, maintaining the activity and stability of vitamins in the feed.

[0065] In summary, the role of vitamins in the aforementioned low-cost artificial silkworm feed and in feed processing enzymatic hydrolysis is to supplement the silkworm's vitamin requirements, improve the nutritional value of the feed, enhance the growth, development, and health of the silkworm, protect the nutrients in the feed, improve the stability and quality of the feed, and enhance the palatability and digestibility of the feed.

[0066] In one embodiment, the mineral is one or more of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, and chromium.

[0067] Minerals are a class of inorganic elements essential for the growth, development, and health of silkworms. They participate in the regulation of various life activities, such as enzyme activity, acid-base balance, water metabolism, bone formation, nerve conduction, and blood clotting. The types and contents of minerals directly affect the physiological functions and disease resistance of silkworms. Both mineral deficiency and excess can lead to growth disorders, developmental abnormalities, and disease in silkworms.

[0068] The role of minerals in the aforementioned low-cost artificial silkworm feed is to supplement the silkworm's mineral requirements, improve the nutritional value of the feed, and enhance the silkworm's growth, development, and health.

[0069] The role of minerals in feed enzymatic hydrolysis is to protect nutrients in the feed, improve feed stability and quality, and enhance palatability and digestibility. Since feed enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out under specific conditions such as temperature, humidity, and pH, these conditions may destroy some minerals in the feed, causing mineral loss or denaturation and affecting the feed's nutritional value. Therefore, it is necessary to add a certain amount of minerals before or after feed enzymatic hydrolysis to resist the adverse effects of these conditions and maintain the activity and stability of minerals in the feed.

[0070] In summary, the role of minerals in the aforementioned low-cost artificial silkworm feed and in feed processing enzymatic hydrolysis is to supplement the silkworm's mineral requirements, improve the nutritional value of the feed, enhance the growth, development, and health of the silkworm, protect the nutrients in the feed, improve the stability and quality of the feed, and enhance the palatability and digestibility of the feed.

[0071] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the artificial feed for silkworms, the steps of which are as follows:

[0072] S1. Wash, dry, and pulverize fresh mulberry leaves, then pass them through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry leaf powder;

[0073] S2. Mix organic acids, vitamins, and minerals to obtain an additive;

[0074] S3. Mix mulberry leaf powder, corn flour, enzyme preparation, and water evenly, and then perform enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0075] S4. Mix the enzymatic hydrolysis product with additives, sitosterol, and microorganisms evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0076] S5. The mixture is shaped, dried, cut and packaged to obtain finished artificial feed for silkworms.

[0077] In one embodiment, the mulberry leaf drying temperature is 40℃~45℃, and the drying time is 12~24h.

[0078] In one embodiment, the amount of water added is 10% to 20% of the total weight of mulberry leaf powder and corn flour.

[0079] In one embodiment, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 50°C, the enzymatic hydrolysis pH is 5.0, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time is 2–12 h.

[0080] In one embodiment, the particle size of the artificial feed for silkworms is 0.5–5 mm.

[0081] This invention employs an incomplete enzymatic hydrolysis process in feed preparation. This means that during feed processing, only some components are enzymatically hydrolyzed, rather than completely broken down into monomers or oligomers. In this invention, the incomplete enzymatic hydrolysis process improves the digestibility and utilization of nutrients in the feed without destroying beneficial substances, such as morin and chlorogenic acid in mulberry leaf powder, which have a positive impact on the growth, development, and health of silkworms.

[0082] In addition, incomplete enzymatic hydrolysis can improve the physical properties and taste of feed, increase palatability and intake, but will not cause excessive softening or liquefaction of feed, thus affecting its formation and preservation.

[0083] Finally, incomplete enzymatic hydrolysis can reduce feed costs and environmental pollution, reduce the amount of enzyme preparations used and the hydrolysis time, save energy and resources, and at the same time reduce the amount of phosphorus, nitrogen and other elements added to the feed, reduce the content of phosphorus, nitrogen and other elements in silkworm excrement, and reduce the burden on the environment.

[0084] In summary, incomplete enzymatic hydrolysis can improve the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed, enhance its physical properties and palatability, reduce feed costs and environmental pollution, and optimize feed formulation and processing technology.

[0085] The technical solution provided by the present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0086] Example 1

[0087] A low-cost artificial feed for silkworms, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0088] 80 parts mulberry leaf powder, 30 parts corn flour, 3 parts organic acids, 3 parts sitosterol, 0.5 parts microorganisms, 1 part enzyme preparation, 3 parts vitamins, and 1 part minerals.

[0089] The organic acid is composed of citric acid, sorbic acid, and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 4:2:1; the microorganisms are added in the form of bacterial powder, which is composed of Bacillus licheniformis bacterial powder, Bacillus subtilis bacterial powder, Bifidobacterium bacterial powder, and lactic acid bacteria bacterial powder in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1, and the effective viable count in the bacterial powder is ≥2×10⁻⁶. 9 The enzyme preparation is composed of amylase, cellulase, and phytase in a weight ratio of 1:2:1; the vitamins are complex vitamins, including vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K; the minerals are complex minerals, including calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, and chromium.

[0090] The preparation method of the artificial feed for silkworms includes the following steps:

[0091] S1. Wash, dry, and pulverize fresh mulberry leaves, then pass them through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry leaf powder;

[0092] S2. Mix organic acids, vitamins, and minerals to obtain an additive;

[0093] S3. Mix mulberry leaf powder, corn flour, enzyme preparation, and water (15% of the total weight of mulberry leaf powder and corn flour) evenly and then enzymatically hydrolyze for 12 hours at 40℃ and pH 5.0.

[0094] S4. Mix the enzymatic hydrolysis product with additives, sitosterol, and microorganisms evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0095] S5. The mixture is shaped, dried, cut into products with a particle size of 0.5-5mm (different particle sizes are fed to silkworms of different ages), and packaged to obtain finished artificial feed for silkworms.

[0096] Example 2

[0097] Same as Example 1, except that: the low-cost artificial feed for silkworms consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0098] 70 parts mulberry leaf powder, 20 parts corn flour, 0.5 parts organic acid, 0.5 parts sitosterol, 0.1 parts microorganisms, 0.1 parts enzyme preparation, 0.1 parts vitamins, and 0.1 parts minerals.

[0099] Example 3

[0100] Same as Example 1, except that: the low-cost artificial feed for silkworms consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0101] The ingredients are: 73 parts mulberry leaf powder, 25 parts corn flour, 1.5 parts organic acids, 2.5 parts sitosterol, 0.3 parts microorganisms, 0.8 parts enzyme preparation, 1.5 parts vitamins, and 0.5 parts minerals.

[0102] Example 4

[0103] Same as Example 1, except that the organic acid is composed of citric acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 4:1.

[0104] Example 5

[0105] Same as Example 1, except that the enzyme preparation is composed of amylase, β-glucanase and phytase in a weight ratio of 1:1:1.

[0106] Test Example 1

[0107] Two groups of silkworms were selected and fed with the low-cost artificial feed for silkworms described in Examples 1-5 of this invention and ordinary mulberry leaves (control group), respectively. Each group had 100 silkworms and the same rearing conditions were used. The growth and development, yield, quality, disease resistance and other indicators of the silkworms were recorded. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0108] Feed the silkworms 3-4 times a day. Before each feeding, remove any leftover food and feces from the silkworm box to ensure cleanliness and ventilation. Adjust the amount and frequency of feed according to the silkworms' growth to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding, thus maintaining their health and vitality. During the fourth and fifth instars, carefully observe the silkworms' body color and behavior, promptly identifying and treating symptoms of silkworm diseases to prevent their spread and infection. At the end of the fifth instar, prepare suitable cocooning materials such as straw, wheat stalks, or cardboard boxes to allow the silkworms to spin their cocoons freely without interfering with their normal activities. After the silkworms have spun their cocoons, collect them promptly, classify, wash, and dry them to obtain high-quality silk and cocoon products.

[0109] The specific particle sizes for feed at different age stages are as follows:

[0110] The particle size of feed for one-year-old animals is 0.5–1 mm; for two-year-old animals, it is 1–2 mm; for three-year-old animals, it is 2–3 mm; for four-year-old animals, it is 3–4 mm; and for five-year-old animals, it is 4–5 mm.

[0111] The selection criteria for silkworms are as follows:

[0112] Silkworms of the same breed, batch, age, and sex should be selected to avoid interference from factors such as breed, batch, age, and sex; healthy, active silkworms free from diseases, pests, deformities, and injuries should be selected to avoid the influence of diseases, pests, deformities, and injuries; silkworms of similar weight, body shape, and color should be selected to avoid differences in weight, body shape, and color; silkworms with the same rearing conditions, feed source, and feed quality should be selected to avoid changes in rearing conditions, feed source, and feed quality; and a random sampling method should be used to select 100 silkworms from a large number of silkworms as experimental materials for each group to avoid human selection bias.

[0113] Example Average body weight (mg) Average cocoon weight (g) Average silk weight (g) Incidence of silkworm diseases (%) Silkworm disease mortality rate (%) 1 3155 2.0 0.50 3 1 2 2891 1.8 0.42 4 2 3 2964 1.9 0.46 3 2 4 2902 1.8 0.40 4 2 5 2857 1.8 0.42 3 1 control group 2409 1.2 0.31 11 7

[0114] The results showed that silkworms fed with the feed of this invention had significantly higher average body weight, average cocoon weight, and average silk weight than silkworms fed with ordinary mulberry leaves. Simultaneously, the incidence of silkworm diseases and mortality rates of silkworms fed with the feed of this invention were significantly lower than those fed with ordinary mulberry leaves. These results indicate that the feed of this invention can effectively improve the stress resistance of silkworms and enhance important traits such as growth and development, silk quality and product quality, and disease resistance.

[0115] Comparative Example 1

[0116] Same as Example 1, except that no organic acid was added.

[0117] Comparative Example 2

[0118] Same as Example 1, except that: no sitosterol was added.

[0119] Comparative Example 3

[0120] Same as Example 1, except that no organic acids and sitosterol were added.

[0121] Comparative Example 4

[0122] Same as Example 1, except that the preparation method of the artificial feed for silkworms includes the following steps:

[0123] S1. Wash, dry, and pulverize fresh mulberry leaves, then pass them through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry leaf powder;

[0124] S2. Mix organic acids, vitamins, minerals, enzyme preparations, and sitosterol to obtain an additive;

[0125] S3. Mix mulberry leaf powder, corn flour, additives, and microorganisms evenly to obtain a mixture;

[0126] S4. The mixture is shaped, dried, cut into products with a particle size of 0.5-5mm, and packaged to obtain finished artificial feed for silkworms.

[0127] Test Example 2

[0128] Using Example 1 as the control and the products of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 as the experimental groups, silkworms were raised using the same methods as in Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0129] Comparative Example Average body weight (mg) Average cocoon weight (g) Average silk weight (g) Incidence of silkworm diseases (%) Silkworm disease mortality rate (%) 1 2945 1.5 0.37 7 4 2 2936 1.4 0.35 10 6 3 2977 1.4 0.32 10 7 4 2712 1.6 0.40 4 1 control group 3155 2.0 0.50 3 1

[0130] The results show that organic acids and sitosterols have a good synergistic effect in the feed of the present invention, and that appropriate enzymatic hydrolysis process has an important impact on increasing the average weight and average cocoon weight of silkworms.

[0131] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost artificial feed for Bombyx mori, characterized by, The raw materials include the following weight parts: Mulberry leaf powder 73~80 parts, corn flour 25~30 parts, organic acid 1.5~3 parts, sitosterol 2.5~3 parts, microorganism 0.3~0.5 parts, enzyme preparation 0.8~1 part, vitamin 1.5~3 parts, mineral 0.5~1 part; The organic acid is composed of citric acid, sorbic acid and fumaric acid in a weight ratio of 4:2:1; The enzyme preparation is composed of amylase, cellulase and phytase in a weight ratio of 1:2:1; The microorganism is added in the form of a bacterial powder, which is composed of Bacillus licheniformis powder, Bacillus subtilis powder, Bifidobacterium powder and lactic acid bacteria powder in a proportion of 1:1:1:1 by weight, and the effective viable bacterial count in the bacterial powder is ≥2×10 9 per gram. The preparation method of the artificial feed for silkworm includes the following steps: S1, washing, drying and crushing fresh mulberry leaves to pass through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain mulberry leaf powder; S2, mixing organic acid, vitamin and mineral to obtain an additive; S3, uniformly mixing mulberry leaf powder, corn flour, enzyme preparation and water, and then performing enzymolysis; S4, uniformly mixing the enzymolysis product, the additive, sitosterol and microorganism to obtain a mixture; S5, forming, drying, cutting and packaging the mixture to obtain the finished artificial feed for silkworm.

2. The low-cost artificial feed for Bombyx mori according to claim 1, characterized by, The enzymolysis temperature is 50℃, the enzymolysis pH is 5.0, and the enzymolysis time is 2~12 h.