A breeding method for high-quality wheat using Taigu nuclear male sterile recurrent population

Abstract

The present invention discloses a breeding method for high-quality wheat using Taigu genic male sterile recurrent populations, belonging to the technical field of new crop variety breeding. In the process of breeding high-quality wheat using Taigu genic male sterile recurrent populations, the present invention replaces large-scale mixed pollination with directional controlled pollination. The offspring of fertile plants in the population are evaluated using agronomic traits combined with molecular marker-assisted selection, crude protein determination, gluten index, gluten content, flour quality, and tensile strength, thereby increasing the predictability and accuracy of quality trait selection and improving breeding efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new crop variety breeding, in particular to a breeding method for high-quality wheat using Taigu nuclear sterile recurrent population. Background Art

[0002] The sterility of Taigu genic male sterile wheat is controlled by a dominant gene. Its female flowers are normal, while its male flowers are completely aborted. Upon flowering, the glume opens, the stigma is exposed, and the outcrossing rate is high during open pollination. Half of its progeny are sterile plants that produce fruit through outcrossing, while half are fertile plants that produce fruit through self-pollination. Outcrossing facilitates gene exchange and recombination, while self-pollination promotes homozygosity and stability. Taigu genic male sterile wheat possesses the dual properties of cross-pollination and self-pollination, making it a convenient tool for genetic improvement, amenable to multiple hybridization, step-wise hybridization, aggregate hybridization, and recurrent selection.

[0003] Recurrent selection using Taigu genic male sterile wheat is a population improvement method that can construct superior germplasm populations. It is not only an important method for germplasm innovation but also a crucial tool for breeding new wheat varieties. Currently, recurrent selection populations from Taigu genic male sterile wheat have been effectively applied to improve wheat yield, disease resistance, and early maturity, resulting in the successful development of numerous superior varieties and the creation of numerous high-quality germplasm resources for use in wheat production and breeding practices. However, in population improvement using recurrent selection as the primary method, selection is typically based on phenotype rather than genotype, making it difficult to select for quality traits during the wheat growth period. Therefore, developing a stable, reliable, simple, and rapid quality analysis method is key to breeding high-quality wheat using recurrent selection of Taigu genic male sterile wheat. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a breeding method for breeding high-quality wheat using Taigu nuclear sterile recurrent population, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art and improve the breeding efficiency of breeding high-quality wheat using Taigu nuclear sterile recurrent population.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a breeding method for high-quality wheat using a Taigu nuclear sterile recurrent population, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Perform molecular testing on parental materials, retain varieties with glutenin subunits of 1, 2*, 7+8, 5+10, or 17+18, and eliminate varieties containing 1B1R translocation lines to obtain screened parents; the parental materials include the Taigu genic male sterile recurrent population and Shiluan 02-1;

[0008] S2. Among the selected parents, the Taigu nuclear sterile recurrent population was used as the female parent and the Shiluan 02-1 was used as the male parent for hybridization, and the F1 seeds of the sterile female parent were harvested;

[0009] S3. Backcross one time with the sterile F1 plant as the female parent and Shiluan 02-1 as the male parent, and harvest the backcross seeds BC1F1;

[0010] S4. Sister cross one BC1F1 fertile plant with a BC1F1 sterile plant to harvest the target fertile plant;

[0011] S5. Drill the target fertile plant seed plots, eliminate winter frost damage of level 4 or above, and powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight and scab resistance to high sensitivity plots, and select single spikes for the remaining plots;

[0012] S6. The single ear selected in S5 was sown and the harvested individual plants were selected according to crude protein content, gluten index and gluten content;

[0013] S7. Plant the selected individual plants in S6 into rows, select the rows with excellent comprehensive traits, thresh the individual plants and perform a mixed analysis, and select according to the results of the mixed analysis; the excellent comprehensive traits are pre-winter cold resistance level 3 or less, late powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight and scab resistance in the moderate sense or above, plant height of 75-80 cm, and good lushness;

[0014] S8. Based on the results of the rubbing analysis, the individual plants in S7 were planted into lines, and the rows of plants that showed uniformity in S7 were planted into plots, and parallel experiments were conducted on the lines and plots.

[0015] S9. Screen the strains and plots from S8, conduct off-site comparison tests on the selected plots and strains, use Jimai 22 as a high-yield control and Shiluan 02-1 as a high-quality control, and select strains that meet both the yield and quality criteria for selection for transplantation;

[0016] The selection criteria for the plots are: winter cold hardiness level 3 or below; resistance to late-stage powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and scab above moderate; the number of ears per mu is equivalent to that of the high-yield control or high-quality control; lodging level 2 or below; yield is 5% higher than the high-quality control or not lower than the high-yield control; and the standards for powderiness and tensile strength meet GB / T17892-1999.

[0017] The screening criteria for strains are: cold resistance before winter is below level 3, and resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and ergot in the later stage is above moderate; plant height is 75-80cm, and lushness is good; the peak time of mixing analysis is not less than 2min, the 8min bandwidth is not less than 10%, and the peak is not less than 55mm;.

[0018] The selection criteria for the out-field varieties are that the yield in different test areas is 5% higher than that of the high-quality control or not lower than that of the high-yield control; the wet gluten content is not less than 28.5%, the crude protein content is not less than 13%, the water absorption rate is not less than 58%, the stability time is not less than 8 minutes, the maximum tensile resistance is not less than 350Rm.EU, and the tensile area is not less than 80cm 2 .

[0019] Furthermore, in step S2, the mother plant is a Taigu nuclear sterile cycle population with a single plant having no diseased flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and a single plant having no less than 5 tillers.

[0020] Furthermore, in step S3, the female parent is an F1 sterile plant with a single diseased flag leaf without lesions, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and a single plant with no less than 5 tillers.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S4, the fertile BC1F1 plants are fertile plants with no diseased flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and no less than 5 tillers per plant.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S4, the target fertile plants are fertile plants with no diseased flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, no less than 5 tillers per plant, and full grains.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S5, the selection criteria for the single ear selection are that the height of the single plant to which the single ear belongs is 75-80 cm, the length of the single ear is 6-8 cm, the grains are full, and the grain weight of the single ear is greater than 1.8 g.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S6, the harvested individual plants have a winter cold resistance of less than level 3, a plant height of 75-80 cm, a compact plant shape, an upward-raised flag leaf, and more than 5 tillers.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S6, the selection criteria are elimination of single-plant seeds with a protein content lower than 13%, a gluten index lower than 90%, and a gluten content lower than 28.0%.

[0026] Furthermore, in step S7, the selection criteria are to retain individual plants with a kneading peak time of not less than 2 minutes, an 8-minute bandwidth of not less than 10%, and a peak value of not less than 55 mm.

[0027] Furthermore, the Taigu nuclear sterile cycle population is a strong-gluten and high-yield basic population composed of Gao 8901, Gao 9411, Jinan 17, Shaanxi 354, Ji 5219, Shi 4185, and Jimai 22.

[0028] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0029] The existing mixed pollination model of Taigu genic male sterile recurrent populations results in a high degree of heterozygosity among individuals in the population, a slow rate of homozygosity, and a prolonged breeding period. To effectively utilize this valuable germplasm resource, the present invention replaces large-scale mixed pollination with directed controlled pollination. The progeny of fertile plants in the population are evaluated using agronomic traits combined with molecular marker-assisted selection, crude protein determination, gluten index, gluten content, flour quality, and tensile strength testing. This increases the predictability and accuracy of quality trait selection and improves breeding efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0031] Figure 1 Flowchart for breeding high-quality wheat using Taigu nuclear male sterile recurrent population. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0034] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0035] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0036] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0037] The Taigu nuclear sterile population in the embodiment of the present invention is a strong-gluten, high-yield basic population formed by using the new strong-gluten wheat varieties Gao 8901, Gao 9411 and Jinan 17, and the high-yield and disease-resistant varieties Shaanxi 354, Ji 5219, Shi 4185 and Jimai 22 as basic materials.

[0038] Example

[0039] The flow chart of using Taigu genic male sterile recurrent population to breed high-quality wheat in this example is shown in Figure 1 , the specific steps are as follows:

[0040] S1: Before sowing, the seeds of the parent Shiluan 02-1 and the Taigu nuclear sterile population were tested for high molecular weight glutenin subunits using molecular marker-assisted selection technology. Seeds containing 1, 2*, 7+8, 5+10 or 17+18 high-quality subunits were retained, and seeds containing 1B / 1R translocation lines were eliminated to obtain the screened parents and provide kernel support for the hybrid combination.

[0041] S2: Among the screened parents, 30 high-quality sterile plants with no disease spots on flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and no less than 5 tillers per plant were selected as the female parents, and Shiluan 02-1 was selected as the male parent. The parents were hybridized through directional controlled pollination.

[0042] S3: The hybrid grains harvested from the sterile female plants were sown on the spot, and 50 sterile plants of excellent F1 with no disease spots on flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and no less than 5 tillers per plant were selected and backcrossed once with Shiluan 02-1, so that the genetic composition of the recurrent male parent accounted for 75%.

[0043] S4: The hybrid grains (BC1F1) harvested from the F1 sterile plants were sown on demand, and 100 excellent BC1F1 sterile plants with no disease spots on the flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and no less than 5 tillers per plant were selected from the population. These 100 plants were sister-crossed with BC1F1 fertile plants once to improve the level of gene recombination.

[0044] S5: The hybrid seeds of sister crosses were planted, and fertile plants with no disease spots on flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, no less than 5 tillers per plant, and full grains were selected within the population. A total of 186 plants were selected.

[0045] S6: Mix the seeds of the selected fertile plants and plant them in rows in 30 plots. The planting density is the same as that of field production. For winter frost damage of level 4 or above, and high resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and ergot, the entire plot will be eliminated. The remaining plots will be selected for single ears. The selection criteria are that the plant height of the single ear is 75-80 cm, the length of the single ear is 6-8 cm, the grain is full, and the grain weight of the single ear is greater than 1.8 g. A total of 522 single ears were harvested in this generation.

[0046] S7: Selected individual ears were sown and planted, selecting plants with winter hardiness below level 3, plant height of 75-80 cm, compact plant form, raised flag leaves, and at least five tillers. Resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and scab was not high. After threshing, crude protein was measured using a near-infrared analyzer. Grains with protein content below 13% were eliminated. Gluten index and content were measured using a gluten index meter. Grains with a gluten index below 90% were eliminated, and those with a gluten content below 28.0% were eliminated. A total of 415 individual plants were selected for this generation.

[0047] S8: Selected individual plants were planted into rows with pre-winter cold hardiness below Level 3 and moderate to above resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and scab. Plants were 75-80 cm tall and well-developed. The entire row was pulled out and threshed individually. After threshing, a kneading analysis was performed. Plants with a kneading instrument peak time of at least 2 minutes, an 8-minute bandwidth of at least 10%, and a peak value of at least 55 mm were retained. Fifty-eight rows demonstrated consistent and high-quality performance in this generation, and 461 individual plants were selected from the remaining 133 rows.

[0048] S9: The 461 individual plants selected in S8 were planted into plant lines according to plant rows, and the 58 plant rows with uniform performance in S8 were planted into plots, and parallel experiments of plant lines and plots were carried out.

[0049] The selection criteria for the plots are: winter cold resistance below level 3; resistance to late powdery rust, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight and ergot is above moderate; the number of ears per mu is equivalent to the high-yield control Jimai 22 or Shiluan 02-1, lodging level is below level 2, and the yield is 5% higher than the high-quality control Shiluan 02-1 or not lower than the high-yield control Jimai 22.

[0050] After harvesting the materials that meet the above selection criteria, the flour quality and tensile test are carried out. According to GB / T17892-1999, the wet gluten content is not less than 28.5%, the crude protein content is not less than 13%, the water absorption rate is not less than 58%, the stability time is not less than 8 minutes, the maximum tensile resistance is not less than 350Rm.EU, and the tensile area is not less than 80cm 2 materials.

[0051] Selection criteria for strains include cold hardiness level 3 or lower before winter, moderate to moderate resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and scab in later life, and plant height of 75-80 cm with good vigor. Selected strains meeting these criteria are pulled out in their entire row and threshed individually. After threshing, a kneading analysis is performed, retaining strains with a kneading instrument peak time of at least 2 minutes, an 8-minute bandwidth of at least 10%, and a peak value of at least 55 mm.

[0052] Of the 58 parallel trial plots, 28 met both yield and quality requirements. Of the 461 strains, 105 were eligible for next year's comparative trials.

[0053] S10: Conduct off-site comparison tests on the plots and strains selected in S9, as follows:

[0054] Three representative areas, namely Shijiazhuang, Baoding and Handan, were selected for row planting with three replications. The high-yield control variety Jimai 22 and the high-quality control variety Shiluan 02-1 were planted simultaneously.

[0055] Screening criteria:

[0056] (1) Yield: The three regions simultaneously achieved a yield that was 5% higher than the high-quality control, Shiluan 02-1, or simultaneously achieved a yield that was not lower than the high-yield control, Jimai 22;

[0057] (2) Quality: Refer to GB / T17892-1999, wet gluten content not less than 28.5%, crude protein content not less than 13%, water absorption rate not less than 58%, stability time not less than 8 minutes, maximum tensile resistance not less than 350Rm.EU, tensile area not less than 80cm 2 .

[0058] The varieties that meet the above conditions are selected for planting. The yield and quality of the varieties are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0059] Table 1 Yield performance of out-planted lines

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] Table 2 Quality performance of the varieties produced

[0063]

[0064] The yields of the new wheat lines 23-35, 23-42, 23-55, 23-69, and 23-81 bred according to the methods of the embodiments of the present invention are all higher than the high-quality control Shiluan 02-15% or higher than the high-yield control Jimai 22 without any yield reduction, and the quality reaches the strong / medium-strong gluten wheat standards, and can further participate in national or Hebei provincial variety comparison tests.

[0065] Attached: Criteria for determining wheat winter cold resistance and disease levels

[0066] 1. Winter cold resistance determination standard: divided into five levels.

[0067] Level 1: No freezing.

[0068] Level 2: The leaf tips turn yellow due to freezing.

[0069] Level 3: Half of the leaves are frozen to death.

[0070] Level 4: All leaves are withered.

[0071] Level 5: The plant or most of the tillers are frozen to death.

[0072] II. Recording standards for major field diseases

[0073] 1. Rust: mainly the classification of stripe rust and leaf rust

[0074] Grade 1: Immune, completely asymptomatic, or with occasional tiny light-colored spots.

[0075] Level 2: Highly resistant, leaves have yellow-white dead spots, or very small spore piles with obvious dead spots around them.

[0076] Level 3: Moderate resistance, with few and scattered summer spores, surrounded by chlorotic or dead spots.

[0077] Level 4: Moderate infection, with more summer spores and chlorosis around them.

[0078] Level 5: Highly susceptible, with many large summer spore piles and no chlorosis around them.

[0079] 2. Fusarium fusarium: The severity of the disease in the spikelets is visually inspected and divided into five levels.

[0080] Level 1: No diseased ears.

[0081] Level 2: Less than 1 / 4 of the spikelets are diseased.

[0082] Level 3: 1 / 4-2 / 4 spikelets are diseased.

[0083] Level 4: 1 / 2-3 / 4 spikelets are diseased.

[0084] Level 5: More than 3 / 4 of the spikelets are diseased.

[0085] 3. Powdery mildew: Generally, the powdery mildew outbreak period is when wheat is heading and is recorded in five levels.

[0086] Level 1: No visible symptoms on the leaves.

[0087] Level 2: The base leaves are diseased.

[0088] Level 3: The lesions spread to the middle leaves.

[0089] Level 4: The lesions spread to the sword leaves.

[0090] Level 5: The lesions spread to the ears and awns.

[0091] 4. Sheath blight classification: Classification by severity:

[0092] Level 1: The leaf sheath is diseased, or the width of the lesions on the stem is less than 1 / 4 of the stem circumference;

[0093] Level 2: The width of the lesion on the stem accounts for 1 / 4 to 1 / 2 of the stem circumference;

[0094] Level 3: The width of the lesion on the stem accounts for 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the stem circumference;

[0095] Level 4: The width of the lesion on the stem accounts for more than 3 / 4 of the stem circumference;

[0096] Level 5: The diseased plants die prematurely, with the appearance of dry pregnant ears or dry white ears.

[0097] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method for high-quality wheat using Taigu nuclear sterile recurrent population, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Perform molecular testing on parental materials, retain varieties with glutenin subunits of 1, 2*, 7+8, 5+10, or 17+18, and eliminate varieties containing 1B / 1R translocation lines to obtain screened parents; the parental materials include the Taigu genic male sterile recurrent population and Shiluan 02-1; S2. Among the screened parents, the Taigu genic sterile recurrent population was used as the female parent and the Shiluan 02-1 was used as the male parent for hybridization, and the seeds of the sterile female plant F1 were harvested; the female parent was a Taigu genic sterile recurrent population with no diseased flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and no less than 5 tillers per plant; S3. The sterile F1 plant was used as the female parent and the Shiluan 02-1 plant was used as the male parent for backcrossing once, and the backcross seeds BC1F1 were harvested; the female parent was a sterile F1 plant with no diseased flag leaf spots, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and a single plant with not less than 5 tillers; S4. Sister cross one BC1F1 fertile plant with a BC1F1 sterile plant to harvest the target fertile plant; S5. Drill the target fertile plant seed plots, eliminate winter frost damage of level 4 or above, and powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight and scab resistance to high sensitivity plots, and select single spikes for the remaining plots; S6. The single ear selected in S5 was sown and the harvested individual plants were selected according to crude protein content, gluten index and gluten content; S7. Plant the selected individual plants in S6 into rows, select the rows with excellent comprehensive traits, thresh the individual plants and perform a mixed analysis, and select according to the results of the mixed analysis; the excellent comprehensive traits are pre-winter cold resistance level 3 or less, late powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight and scab resistance in the moderate sense or above, plant height of 75-80 cm, and good lushness; S8. Based on the results of the rubbing analysis, the individual plants in S7 were planted into lines, and the rows of plants that showed uniformity in S7 were planted into plots, and parallel experiments were conducted on the lines and plots. S9. Screen the strains and plots from S8, conduct off-site comparison tests on the selected plots and strains, use Jimai 22 as a high-yield control and Shiluan 02-1 as a high-quality control, and select strains that meet both the yield and quality criteria for selection for transplantation; The selection criteria for the plots are: winter cold hardiness level 3 or below; resistance to late-stage powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and scab above moderate; the number of ears per mu is equivalent to the high-yield control or high-quality control; lodging level is below level 2; the yield is 5% higher than the high-quality control or not lower than the high-yield control; the standards for powderiness and tensile strength meet GB / T17892-1999; The selection criteria for strains are: cold resistance before winter is below level 3, and resistance to powdery mildew, stripe rust, leaf rust, sheath blight, and scab is above moderate in the later stages; plant height is 75-80cm, and lush growth is good; the peak time of the mixing analysis is no less than 2 minutes, the 8-minute bandwidth is no less than 10%, and the peak value is no less than 55mm. The selection criteria for the out-field varieties are that the yield in different test areas is 5% higher than that of the high-quality control or not lower than that of the high-yield control; the wet gluten content is not less than 28.5%, the crude protein content is not less than 13%, the water absorption rate is not less than 58%, the stability time is not less than 8 minutes, the maximum tensile resistance is not less than 350Rm.EU, and the tensile area is not less than 80cm 2 ; The Taigu nuclear sterile recurrent population is a strong-gluten and high-yield basic population composed of Gao 8901, Gao 9411, Jinan 17, Shaanxi 354, Ji 5219, Shi 4185 and Jimai 22.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S4, the fertile BC1F1 plants are fertile plants with no diseased flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, and no less than 5 tillers per plant.

3. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S4, the target fertile plants are fertile plants with no diseased flag leaves, a plant height of 75-80 cm, no less than 5 tillers per plant, and full grains.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S5, the selection criteria for the single ear selection are that the plant height of the single ear is 75-80 cm, the length of the single ear is 6-8 cm, the grains are full, and the grain weight of the single ear is greater than 1.8 g.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S6, the harvested individual plants have a winter cold resistance of less than level 3, a plant height of 75-80 cm, a compact plant shape, an upward-raised flag leaf, and more than 5 tillers.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S6, the selection criteria are to eliminate those with a single plant grain protein content lower than 13%, a gluten index lower than 90%, and a gluten content lower than 28.0%.

7. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step S7, the selection criteria are to retain individual plants with a mixing peak time of not less than 2 minutes, an 8-minute bandwidth of not less than 10%, and a peak value of not less than 55 mm.

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