Sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor and water treatment method

Abstract

The present invention provides a sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater treatment device and a water treatment method, belonging to the technical field of sewage treatment equipment, comprising a cavity, an aluminum-air battery system and a self-filtering material. The cavity is divided into a water inlet area, an evaporation crystallization area and a salt collection area. The aluminum-air battery system is located below the liquid level in the water inlet area and is used to collect the generated electrical energy. The self-filtering material is both the cathode of the aluminum-air battery and a water filtration channel. The self-filtering material is divided into three parts: front, middle and back. The front part is immersed in water, the middle part is above the water surface, and the back part is suspended to the evaporation crystallization area and the salt collection area. The hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the self-filtering material enable the wastewater to flow autonomously and promote the crystallization and collection of salt in the wastewater. The present invention realizes the self-filtration, desalination and energy-generating treatment of wastewater without energy consumption, as well as wastewater pretreatment, solid-liquid separation, self-filtration and evaporation with zero emission. It is suitable for industrial wastewater nanofiltration, concentrated drainage of reverse osmosis systems and influent of steam mechanical recompression, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment equipment, and in particular to a sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater processor and a water treatment method. Background Art

[0002] The simultaneous decontamination and desalination of high-salinity organic wastewater is a key challenge in today's industrial wastewater treatment field. In particular, achieving low-cost, low-carbon, green and sustainable desalination and decontamination of industrial organic wastewater is the most difficult of all. The existing high-salinity wastewater treatment processes mainly adopt flocculation pretreatment + ultrafiltration + reverse osmosis concentration - MVR evaporation process. These technologies have the advantages of stability and good water quality, but they still have problems such as high reagent costs, high energy consumption, and large investments. In particular, industrial mother liquors with high turbidity and viscosity can easily cause membrane system contamination and reduce service life. Therefore, the development of sustainable high-salinity organic wastewater treatment processes is of great practical significance. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor and a water treatment method to solve at least one technical problem in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] In one aspect, the present invention provides a sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater treatment device, comprising: a chamber, an aluminum-air battery system, and a self-filtration material. The chamber consists of an inlet area, an evaporation and crystallization area, and a salt collection area. The front portion of the self-filtration material is submerged 5-10 cm below the liquid level in the inlet area. The self-filtration material serves as the cathode of the aluminum-air battery and also as a water filtration channel. A Y-shaped support layer is provided at the top of the wall of the inlet area of the chamber, and the self-filtration material is suspended in an inverted U-shape on the Y-shaped support layer. The self-filtration material is divided into three sections along its length, separated by the liquid level and the Y-shaped support layer: the front section is submerged below the water surface, while the middle section is above and perpendicular to the water surface, with a height of 5-20 cm. The aluminum-air battery system can adaptively position itself in the front or middle of the self-filtration material as the salt concentration gradient changes, allowing the aluminum-air battery assembly to be strategically positioned within a specific salt gradient. The turning angles of the middle and rear sections are controlled to be between 30° and 45°, with the rear section suspended within the evaporation and crystallization area and above the salt collection area. An air duct is provided in the evaporation crystallization area to introduce waste hot air into full contact with the rear part of the self-filtering material, thereby promoting the crystallization of salt in the wastewater on the surface of the rear part of the self-filtering material and automatically falling into the crystal collection area; the front and middle parts of the self-filtering material are hydrophilic with a contact angle range of (0°-40°); the inner layer of the rear part of the self-filtering material is hydrophilic in the thickness direction with a contact angle range of (0°-40°), and the outer layer is hydrophobic with a contact angle range of (150°-180°).

[0006] The aluminum-air battery system consists of a sandwich-like structure consisting of a plastic plywood, an aluminum anode, a separator, a self-filtering material, a separator, an aluminum anode, and a plastic plywood. The self-filtering material serves as the cathode, and the anode and cathode are connected to an energy storage device via wires to collect the generated electricity. The area of the separator is the same as the apparent area of the aluminum anode, while the apparent area of the self-filtering material is 2-10 times that of the aluminum anode.

[0007] The self-filtration material consists of a porous carbon matrix and a catalytic layer. The matrix is a porous conductive carbon material such as graphite felt, activated carbon felt, carbon cloth, or carbon aerogel, with a thickness ranging from 0.2cm to 5cm and an average pore size of 0.5μm to 5μm. The catalytic layer is a composite of one or more metal oxides such as Ir, Ti, Ru, Co, Mn, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Pt. The separator is a commonly used non-woven fabric or paper made of pure cotton or polyester, with a thickness of 0.1mm to 1mm.

[0008] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a water treatment method using the above-mentioned sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor, comprising:

[0009] (1) Synchronous power generation and wastewater pretreatment of aluminum-air batteries:

[0010] Power generation: High-salt organic wastewater is discharged into the water inlet area. The aluminum-air battery immersed in the water inlet area uses the high concentration of salt in the wastewater as an electrolyte to promote the corrosion of the aluminum anode, releasing electrons that are accepted by the self-filtering material (cathode) through the external circuit, generating electricity under the action of the catalyst and finally collected in the energy storage system;

[0011] Wastewater pretreatment: Aluminum ions released from the aluminum anode produce aluminum hydroxide, which will gradually disperse into the water inlet area as a flocculant, and separate and precipitate macromolecular organic matter, colloidal substances, etc. in the wastewater through coagulation; at the same time, aluminum ions will also react with phosphates in the wastewater to produce aluminum phosphate precipitates, thereby removing phosphates; if fluoride ions exist in the wastewater, aluminum ions, the corrosion product of aluminum batteries, will further react with fluoride ions to form sodium hexafluoroaluminate precipitates (i.e. cryolite), thereby realizing efficient resource utilization of fluoride ions.

[0012] Autonomous separation of solid and liquid in wastewater and self-filtration: A large amount of flocculants and sediments generated in the pretreatment process, on the one hand, settle at the bottom of the water inlet area through natural sedimentation under the action of gravity, and small particles of pollutants in the wastewater are simultaneously filtered out under the exclusion effect of the internal pores of the self-filtration, and are further purified; on the other hand, the soluble salts and water molecules in the wastewater further climb upward perpendicular to the water surface along the length direction of the self-filtration under the capillary action of the self-filtration material, pass through the Y-shaped support layer, and flow into the rear part of the self-filtration material; through the above-mentioned active mass transfer and transportation process of water molecules, the autonomous flow of wastewater can be achieved without any external energy input.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it realizes the comprehensive utilization of aluminum solid waste, high-salt wastewater, and waste heat, and high-quality resource utilization, greatly reduces costs while realizing waste resource utilization; the surface characteristics of the self-filtering material are subjected to a zoned surface modification treatment, which significantly improves the multifunctional characteristics of the material, realizes the rapid reaction of water flow and interface evaporation during in-situ evaporation, and the autonomous peeling and falling of salt on the self-filtering surface, the autonomous evaporation of wastewater with zero discharge and the separation of salt crystallization and collection, the in-situ concentration of wastewater and the strengthening of aluminum solid waste corrosion and discharge, and the promotion of pre-treatment reaction, which is a sustainable treatment of high-salt wastewater. It provides a materials science basis for the simultaneous realization of multifunctional characteristics such as efficient recovery of salt and efficient power generation; it removes phosphorus, fluorine, heavy metals and organic pollutants simultaneously without the need for exogenous chemical agents, realizes the resource transformation and efficient utilization of waste aluminum materials, and realizes a sustainable, low-carbon and green process of the dosing process. The final aluminum precipitation product can be reused as other products according to its composition, realizing the high-quality reuse and regeneration of aluminum resources; it has the performance of energy saving, low consumption, pump-free operation, etc., and the self-filtration material has multifunctional utilization, has high stability and durability, strong applicability, and can operate stably for a long time.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description, will become apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2This is a working principle diagram of the aluminum-air battery system of the sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front part of the self-filtration material of the sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the working principle of the rear part of the self-filtration material of the sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device.

[0020] Among them, 1-cavity; 2-aluminum-air battery system; 3-self-filtering material; 4-Y-shaped support layer; 5-air duct; 6-plastic plywood; 7-aluminum anode; 8-separator material; 9-energy storage device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0022] Those skilled in the art will understand that unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0023] It should also be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be understood to have a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless as defined herein.

[0024] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, unless otherwise stated, the singular forms "a," "an," "said," and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the term "comprising" used in the specification of the present invention refers to the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or groups thereof.

[0025] In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and integrate different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as features of different embodiments or examples, unless otherwise inconsistent.

[0026] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0027] In the description of this specification, the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present technology and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the present technology.

[0028] Unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," and "disposed" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection or disposition, detachable connection or disposition, or integral connection or disposition. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this technology based on specific circumstances.

[0029] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further explained below with reference to specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Those skilled in the art should understand that the drawings are merely schematic diagrams of embodiments, and the components in the drawings are not necessarily necessary for implementing the present invention.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater processor and water treatment method. The self-filtering material is used as the filter material, cathode and evaporation medium at the same time, and the waste aluminum material is used as the anode. The high concentration of salt in the wastewater is used as the electrolyte to achieve synchronous power generation of the aluminum battery; the aluminum product produced at the same time can be used as a high-salt organic wastewater pretreatment agent to achieve the removal of organic matter, phosphorus and fluoride ions; it also makes full use of the waste heat sources of industrial enterprises such as the waste heat from the air-conditioning fan outlet and other low-value heat sources (temperature 50-80 degrees Celsius) as evaporation heat sources, and utilizes the high thermal conductivity of the carbon-based self-filtering material to achieve in-situ evaporation of water molecules in the wastewater, in-situ crystallization of inorganic salts and simultaneous collection. The entire process utilizes all waste energy and resources, and the water flow does not require any water pumps and electricity consumption, achieving truly sustainable high-salt wastewater treatment purification and resource recovery. This has the advantages of low consumption, low carbon, green and sustainable. The high-salt organic wastewater can be industrial wastewater nanofiltration, concentrated drainage of reverse osmosis systems, and raw water for steam mechanical recompression (MVR); the method of the present invention can achieve autonomous filtration and desalination of wastewater and synchronous generation of electricity without any energy consumption.

[0032] Specifically, the sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater treatment device includes: a cavity, an aluminum-air battery system, and a self-filtering material; the cavity includes a water inlet area, an evaporation and crystallization area, and a salt collection area; the aluminum-air battery system is in the front or middle of the self-filtering material, and the front part is immersed under the liquid surface of the water inlet area, and the self-filtering material serves as the cathode of the aluminum-air battery and also as a water filtration channel; a Y-shaped support layer is set at the top of the pool wall of the water inlet area of the cavity, and the self-filtering material is suspended on the Y-shaped support layer in an inverted U shape; with the liquid surface and the Y-shaped support layer as the dividing point, the self-filtering material is divided into The front part, the middle part and the rear part; the front part is immersed below the water surface, the middle part is higher than and perpendicular to the water surface, and the aluminum-air battery system can adaptively be located in the front or middle position of the self-filtering material as the salt concentration gradient changes, and the aluminum-air battery assembly is reasonably set in a specific salt gradient area. The rear part is suspended inside the evaporation crystallization area and above the salt collection area; an air duct is provided in the evaporation crystallization area to introduce waste hot air into full contact with the rear part of the self-filtering material, thereby promoting the crystallization of salt in the wastewater on the surface of the rear part of the self-filtering material, and automatically falling into the crystal collection area.

[0033] The front and middle portions of the self-filtering material are hydrophilic, with contact angles ranging from 0° to 40°. The rear, along its thickness, has a hydrophilic inner layer with a contact angle range of 0° to 40° and a hydrophobic outer layer with a contact angle range of 150° to 180°. The outermost layer features a millimeter / centimeter-scale fiber array, perpendicular to the surface, providing ample crystallization sites for salt evaporation. The aluminum-air battery system is a sandwich-structured battery assembly with two anodes and a single cathode, comprising a self-filtering material in the center, flanked by a separator, an aluminum anode, and a plastic plywood, with the self-filtering material serving as the cathode. The cathode and anode are connected by wires and an energy storage device to collect the generated electricity. The separator has an area equal to the apparent area of the aluminum anode, while the apparent area of the self-filtering material is 2-10 times that of the aluminum anode. The self-filtering material comprises a porous carbon matrix and a catalytic layer. The porous carbon matrix is a porous conductive carbon material, and can be graphite felt, activated carbon felt, carbon cloth, or carbon aerogel. The porous carbon matrix has a thickness of 0.2 cm to 5 cm and an average pore size of 0.5 μm to 5 μm. The catalytic layer is a composite of one or more metal oxides of Ir, Ti, Ru, Co, Mn, Sn, Sb, Pb, or Pt. The separator is a commonly used pure cotton or polyester non-woven fabric or paper, with a thickness of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

[0034] Wastewater autonomous evaporation with zero emission and salt fractionation, crystallization and collection: Traditional high-salt wastewater desalination has the bottleneck problem of high unit energy consumption and extremely difficult salt fractionation and disposal. In the present invention, the water absorption of the self-filtering material and the difference in hydrophilicity of the inner and outer layers at the rear are innovatively utilized, and industrial low-quality thermal energy (such as industrial waste gas, exhaust from air conditioning systems, etc.) is used as a heating source. The solubility of inorganic ions such as sulfate and chloride ions in the wastewater and the difference in surface energy of the self-filtering material are utilized to achieve the fractionation and crystallization of different inorganic salts at different heights of the self-filtering material. By fractionation and collection at different heights, efficient, low-consumption, spontaneous classification, recovery and resource utilization of mixed salts in the wastewater are achieved. The above method can achieve autonomous filtration, desalination, salt fractionation, crystallization and recovery of wastewater without any energy consumption, and synchronous generation of electricity. The method is also used in high-salt organic wastewater, which can be industrial wastewater nanofiltration, concentrated drainage of reverse osmosis systems, and steam mechanical recompression (MVR) inlet liquid, etc.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] In this embodiment 1, a sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater treatment device is provided, comprising: a cavity 1, an aluminum-air battery system 2, and a self-filtering material 3. The cavity is composed of a water inlet area, an evaporation and crystallization area, and a salt collection area. The front of the self-filtering material is immersed 8 cm below the liquid level in the water inlet area. The self-filtering material serves as the cathode of the aluminum-air battery and also as a water filtration channel. A Y-shaped support layer 4 is provided at the top of the pool wall of the cavity water inlet area, and the self-filtering material is suspended on the Y-shaped support layer in an inverted U shape. With the liquid surface and the Y-shaped support layer as the dividing points, the self-filtering material is divided into three parts along the length direction: the front, the middle, and the rear. The front part is immersed below the water surface, and the middle part is higher than and perpendicular to the water surface, with a height of 15 cm. The aluminum-air battery system can adaptively be located in the front or middle position of the self-filtering material as the salt concentration gradient changes. The aluminum-air battery assembly is reasonably arranged in the front of the self-filtering material, and the turning angle of the middle and rear parts is controlled at 45°. The rear part is suspended inside the evaporation and crystallization area and above the salt collection area. An air duct 5 is provided in the evaporation and crystallization area to introduce waste hot air into full contact with the rear of the self-filtering material, thereby promoting the crystallization of salt in the wastewater on the surface of the rear of the self-filtering material and automatically falling into the crystal collection area; the front and middle parts of the self-filtering material are hydrophilic with a contact angle of 40°; the inner layer of the rear of the self-filtering material is hydrophilic in the thickness direction with a contact angle of 40°, and the outer layer is hydrophobic with a contact angle range of 160°. The outermost layer of the material has a millimeter-level fiber array arrangement characteristic, and the fiber array is perpendicular to the surface of the material, providing sufficient crystallization sites for salt evaporation.

[0037] The aluminum-air battery system is a battery assembly with a sandwich structure of dual anodes and a single cathode, comprising: a self-filtering material in the middle, with separator material 8, an aluminum anode 7, and a plastic splint 6 arranged on both sides of the self-filtering material in sequence, wherein the self-filtering material serves as the cathode; the cathode and the anode are respectively connected by wires and an energy storage device for collecting the generated electrical energy. Specifically, the aluminum-air battery system is a battery assembly with a dual anode and a single cathode, consisting of a plastic splint 6, an aluminum anode 7, a separator material 8, a self-filtering material 3, a separator material 8, an aluminum anode 7, and a plastic splint 6 from the outside to the inside; wherein the self-filtering material serves as the cathode, and the cathode and the aluminum anode are respectively connected by wires and an energy storage device 9 for collecting the generated electrical energy. The area of the separator material is the same as the apparent area of the aluminum anode, and the apparent area of the self-filtering material is 5 times the area of the aluminum anode.

[0038] The self-filtration material consists of a porous carbon matrix and a catalytic layer. The matrix is graphite felt, 0.2 cm thick and with an average pore size of 0.5 μm; the catalytic layer is Pb. The separator is a commonly used pure cotton non-woven fabric, 0.5 mm thick.

[0039] In this embodiment 1, the water treatment method using the above-mentioned sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor includes:

[0040] (1) Synchronous power generation and wastewater pretreatment of aluminum-air batteries:

[0041] Efficient power generation: High-salt organic wastewater is discharged into the inlet area. The aluminum-air battery immersed in the inlet area uses the high concentration of salt in the wastewater as an electrolyte, promoting the corrosion of the aluminum anode, releasing electrons that are accepted by the self-filtering material (cathode) through the external circuit, generating electricity under the action of the catalyst and ultimately collected in the energy storage system;

[0042] Wastewater pretreatment: Aluminum ions released from the aluminum anode produce aluminum hydroxide, which will gradually disperse into the water inlet area as a flocculant, and separate and precipitate macromolecular organic matter, colloidal substances, etc. in the wastewater through coagulation; at the same time, aluminum ions will also react with phosphates in the wastewater to produce aluminum phosphate precipitates, thereby removing phosphates; if fluoride ions exist in the wastewater, aluminum ions, the corrosion product of aluminum batteries, will further react with fluoride ions to form sodium hexafluoroaluminate precipitates (i.e. cryolite), thereby realizing efficient resource utilization of fluoride ions.

[0043] (2) Autonomous separation of solid and liquid in wastewater and self-filtration: A large amount of flocculants and sediments generated during the pretreatment process, on the one hand, settle naturally at the bottom of the water inlet area under the action of gravity, and small particles of pollutants in the wastewater are filtered at the same time under the exclusion effect of the internal pores of the self-filtration, and are further purified; on the other hand, the soluble salts and water molecules in the wastewater further climb upward perpendicular to the water surface along the length direction of the self-filtration under the capillary action of the self-filtration material, pass through the Y-shaped support layer, and flow into the rear part of the self-filtration material; through the above-mentioned active mass transfer and transportation process of water molecules, the wastewater can flow autonomously without any external energy input.

[0044] (3) Self-evaporation of wastewater with zero discharge and separation, crystallization and collection of salts: Traditional high-salt wastewater desalination has the bottleneck problem of high unit energy consumption and great difficulty in salt recovery and separation. This patent innovatively utilizes the water absorption of the self-filtering material and the difference in hydrophilicity of the inner and outer layers at the rear, and uses industrial low-quality thermal energy (such as industrial waste gas, air conditioning system exhaust, etc.) as a heating source. By utilizing the solubility of inorganic ions such as sulfate and chloride ions in the wastewater and the difference in surface energy on the self-filtering material, different inorganic salts are separated and crystallized at different heights of the self-filtering material. Through separation and collection at different heights, high-efficiency, low-consumption, spontaneous classification and recycling of mixed salts in the wastewater are achieved. The above method can achieve self-filtration, desalination, salt separation, crystallization and recovery of wastewater without any energy consumption, and synchronous generation of electricity. This method can also be used for high-salt organic wastewater, such as industrial wastewater nanofiltration, concentrated drainage of reverse osmosis systems, and raw water in steam mechanical recompression (MVR).

[0045] Ultimately, after treatment, the phosphorus removal rate in the wastewater was 85%, the nitrogen removal rate was 90%, the fluoride ion removal rate was 80%, the heavy metal ion removal rate was 85%, the COD removal rate was 90%, and the desalination rate was greater than 80%.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] In this embodiment 2, a sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater treatment device is provided, comprising: a cavity 1, an aluminum-air battery system 2, and a self-filtering material 3. The cavity is composed of a water inlet area, an evaporation and crystallization area, and a salt collection area. The front of the self-filtering material is immersed 10 cm below the liquid surface in the water inlet area. The self-filtering material serves as the cathode of the aluminum-air battery and also as a water filtration channel. A Y-shaped support layer 4 is provided at the top of the pool wall of the cavity water inlet area, and the self-filtering material is suspended in an inverted U shape on the Y-shaped support layer. With the liquid surface and the Y-shaped support layer as dividing points, the self-filtering material is divided into three parts along the length direction: the front, the middle and the rear. The front part is immersed below the water surface, and the middle part is higher than and perpendicular to the water surface, with a height of 20 cm. The aluminum-air battery system can adaptively be located in the front or middle position of the self-filtering material as the salt concentration gradient changes. The aluminum-air battery assembly is reasonably set in a specific salt gradient area, and the aluminum-air battery system is set in the middle of the self-filtering material, 10 cm above the water surface. The turning angles of the middle and rear parts are controlled at 45°, and the rear part is suspended inside the evaporation and crystallization area and above the salt collection area. An air duct 5 is provided in the evaporation crystallization area to introduce waste hot air into full contact with the rear part of the self-filtering material, thereby promoting the crystallization of salt in the wastewater on the surface of the rear part of the self-filtering material and automatically falling into the crystal collection area; the front and middle parts of the self-filtering material are hydrophilic with a contact angle of 35°; the rear part of the self-filtering material is hydrophilic in the thickness direction, with a contact angle of 40°, and the outer side is hydrophobic with a contact angle range of 180°.

[0048] The aluminum-air battery system consists of a sandwich structure consisting of a plastic plywood 6, an aluminum anode 7, a separator 8, a self-filtering material 3, a separator 8, an aluminum anode 7, and a plastic plywood 6. The self-filtering material serves as the cathode, and the anode and cathode are connected to an energy storage device 9 via wires to collect the generated electricity. The area of the separator is the same as the apparent area of the aluminum anode, while the apparent area of the self-filtering material is 10 times that of the aluminum anode.

[0049] The self-filtration material consists of a porous carbon matrix and a catalytic layer. The matrix is a carbon aerogel with a thickness of 0.25 cm and an average pore size of 1 μm. The catalytic layer is Pt. The separator is a non-woven fabric made entirely of polyester and is 0.75 mm thick.

[0050] In this embodiment 2, the method for treating sewage using the above-mentioned sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor includes:

[0051] (1) Synchronous power generation and wastewater pretreatment of aluminum-air batteries:

[0052] Efficient power generation: High-salt organic wastewater is discharged into the inlet area. The aluminum-air battery immersed in the inlet area uses the high concentration of salt in the wastewater as an electrolyte, promoting the corrosion of the aluminum anode, releasing electrons that are accepted by the self-filtering material (cathode) through the external circuit, generating electricity under the action of the catalyst and ultimately collected in the energy storage system;

[0053] Wastewater pretreatment: Aluminum ions released from the aluminum anode produce aluminum hydroxide, which will gradually disperse into the water inlet area as a flocculant, and separate and precipitate macromolecular organic matter, colloidal substances, etc. in the wastewater through coagulation; at the same time, aluminum ions will also react with phosphates in the wastewater to produce aluminum phosphate precipitates, thereby removing phosphates; if fluoride ions exist in the wastewater, aluminum ions, the corrosion product of aluminum batteries, will further react with fluoride ions to form sodium hexafluoroaluminate precipitates (i.e. cryolite), thereby realizing efficient resource utilization of fluoride ions.

[0054] (2) Autonomous separation of solid and liquid in wastewater and self-filtration: A large amount of flocculants and sediments generated during the pretreatment process, on the one hand, settle naturally at the bottom of the water inlet area under the action of gravity, and small particles of pollutants in the wastewater are filtered at the same time under the exclusion effect of the internal pores of the self-filtration, and are further purified; on the other hand, the soluble salts and water molecules in the wastewater further climb upward perpendicular to the water surface along the length direction of the self-filtration under the capillary action of the self-filtration material, pass through the Y-shaped support layer, and flow into the rear part of the self-filtration material; through the above-mentioned active mass transfer and transportation process of water molecules, the wastewater can flow autonomously without any external energy input.

[0055] (3) Self-evaporation of wastewater with zero discharge and separation, crystallization and collection of salts: Traditional high-salt wastewater desalination has the bottleneck problem of high unit energy consumption and great difficulty in salt recovery and separation. This patent innovatively utilizes the water absorption of the self-filtering material and the difference in hydrophilicity of the inner and outer layers at the rear, and uses industrial low-quality thermal energy (such as industrial waste gas, air conditioning system exhaust, etc.) as a heating source. By utilizing the solubility of inorganic ions such as sulfate and chloride ions in the wastewater and the difference in surface energy on the self-filtering material, different inorganic salts are separated and crystallized at different heights of the self-filtering material. Through separation and collection at different heights, high-efficiency, low-consumption, spontaneous classification and recycling of mixed salts in the wastewater are achieved. The above method can achieve self-filtration, desalination, salt separation, crystallization and recovery of wastewater without any energy consumption, and synchronous generation of electricity. This method can also be used for high-salt organic wastewater, such as industrial wastewater nanofiltration, concentrated drainage of reverse osmosis systems, and raw water in steam mechanical recompression (MVR).

[0056] Ultimately, the phosphorus removal rate in the treated wastewater was 87%, the nitrogen removal rate was 88%, the fluoride ion removal rate was 84%, the heavy metal ion removal rate was 86%, the COD removal rate was 92%, and the desalination rate was greater than 80%.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] In this embodiment 3, a sustainable self-filtering high-salt organic wastewater treatment device is provided, comprising: a cavity 1, an aluminum-air battery system 2, and a self-filtering material 3. The cavity comprises a water inlet area, an evaporation and crystallization area, and a salt collection area. The front portion of the self-filtering material is submerged 5 cm below the liquid surface in the water inlet area. The self-filtering material serves as the cathode of the aluminum-air battery and also as a water filtration channel. A Y-shaped support layer 4 is provided at the top of the pool wall in the water inlet area of the cavity, and the self-filtering material is suspended in an inverted U shape on the Y-shaped support layer. With the liquid surface and the Y-shaped support layer as dividing points, the self-filtering material is divided into three parts along the length direction: the front, the middle and the rear. The front part is immersed below the water surface, and the middle part is higher than and perpendicular to the water surface, with a height of 18 cm. The aluminum-air battery system can adaptively be located in the front or middle position of the self-filtering material as the salt concentration gradient changes. The aluminum-air battery assembly is reasonably set in a specific salt gradient area. The aluminum-air battery system is set in the middle of the self-filtering material, 12 cm above the water surface. The turning angles of the middle and rear parts are controlled at 45°, and the rear part is suspended inside the evaporation and crystallization area and above the salt collection area. An air duct 5 is provided in the evaporation crystallization area to introduce waste hot air into full contact with the rear part of the self-filtering material, thereby promoting the crystallization of salt in the wastewater on the surface of the rear part of the self-filtering material and automatically falling into the crystal collection area; the front and middle parts of the self-filtering material are hydrophilic with a contact angle of 30°; the rear part of the self-filtering material is hydrophilic in the thickness direction, with a contact angle of 35°, and the outer side is hydrophobic with a contact angle range of 170°.

[0059] The aluminum-air battery system consists of a sandwich structure consisting of a plastic plywood 6, an aluminum anode 7, a separator 8, a self-filtering material 3, a separator 8, an aluminum anode 7, and a plastic plywood 6. The self-filtering material serves as the cathode, and the anode and cathode are connected to an energy storage device 9 via wires to collect the generated electricity. The area of the separator is the same as the apparent area of the aluminum anode, while the apparent area of the self-filtering material is eight times that of the aluminum anode.

[0060] The self-filtration material consists of a porous carbon matrix and a catalytic layer. The matrix is activated carbon felt, 0.5 cm thick and with an average pore size of 1 μm; the catalytic layer is Pt. The separator is a common pure cotton non-woven fabric, 0.5 mm thick.

[0061] In this embodiment 3, the method for treating wastewater using the above-mentioned sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor includes:

[0062] (1) Synchronous power generation and wastewater pretreatment of aluminum-air batteries:

[0063] Efficient power generation: High-salt organic wastewater is discharged into the inlet area. The aluminum-air battery immersed in the inlet area uses the high concentration of salt in the wastewater as an electrolyte, promoting the corrosion of the aluminum anode, releasing electrons that are accepted by the self-filtering material (cathode) through the external circuit, generating electricity under the action of the catalyst and ultimately collected in the energy storage system;

[0064] Wastewater pretreatment: Aluminum ions released from the aluminum anode produce aluminum hydroxide, which will gradually disperse into the water inlet area as a flocculant, and separate and precipitate macromolecular organic matter, colloidal substances, etc. in the wastewater through coagulation; at the same time, aluminum ions will also react with phosphates in the wastewater to produce aluminum phosphate precipitates, thereby removing phosphates; if fluoride ions exist in the wastewater, aluminum ions, the corrosion product of aluminum batteries, will further react with fluoride ions to form sodium hexafluoroaluminate precipitates (i.e. cryolite), thereby realizing efficient resource utilization of fluoride ions.

[0065] (2) Autonomous separation of solid and liquid in wastewater and self-filtration: A large amount of flocculants and sediments generated during the pretreatment process, on the one hand, settle naturally at the bottom of the water inlet area under the action of gravity, and small particles of pollutants in the wastewater are filtered at the same time under the exclusion effect of the internal pores of the self-filtration, and are further purified; on the other hand, the soluble salts and water molecules in the wastewater further climb upward perpendicular to the water surface along the length direction of the self-filtration under the capillary action of the self-filtration material, pass through the Y-shaped support layer, and flow into the rear part of the self-filtration material; through the above-mentioned active mass transfer and transportation process of water molecules, the wastewater can flow autonomously without any external energy input.

[0066] (3) Self-evaporation of wastewater with zero discharge and separation, crystallization and collection of salts: Traditional high-salt wastewater desalination has the bottleneck problem of high unit energy consumption and great difficulty in salt recovery and separation. This patent innovatively utilizes the water absorption of the self-filtering material and the difference in hydrophilicity of the inner and outer layers at the rear, and uses industrial low-quality thermal energy (such as industrial waste gas, air conditioning system exhaust, etc.) as a heating source. By utilizing the solubility of inorganic ions such as sulfate and chloride ions in the wastewater and the difference in surface energy on the self-filtering material, different inorganic salts are separated and crystallized at different heights of the self-filtering material. Through separation and collection at different heights, high-efficiency, low-consumption, spontaneous classification and recycling of mixed salts in the wastewater are achieved. The above method can achieve self-filtration, desalination, salt separation, crystallization and recovery of wastewater without any energy consumption, and synchronous generation of electricity. This method can also be used for high-salt organic wastewater, such as industrial wastewater nanofiltration, concentrated drainage of reverse osmosis systems, and raw water in steam mechanical recompression (MVR).

[0067] Ultimately, the phosphorus removal rate in the treated wastewater was 85%, the nitrogen removal rate was 86%, the fluoride ion removal rate was 82%, the heavy metal ion removal rate was 80%, the COD removal rate was 90%, and the desalination rate was greater than 80%.

[0068] In summary, the sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor and water treatment method described in the embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0069] 1) Synergistic utilization, resource utilization and synchronous power generation of aluminum solid waste, high-salt wastewater and waste heat: This processor uses an aluminum-air battery system. The high concentration of salt in the wastewater acts as an electrolyte, promoting the corrosion of the aluminum anode. The released electrons are accepted by the self-filtering material (cathode) through the external circuit, generating electricity under the action of the catalyst and collecting it in the energy storage system. This not only eliminates the need for any external energy input, but also enables the aluminum-air battery system to achieve self-generated electricity and storage during the efficient sewage purification process, thus achieving the goal of energy conservation and environmental protection. High-salt wastewater is filtered and purified through the self-filtering material, and at the same time, waste hot air is introduced to fully contact the rear of the self-filtering material, promoting the crystallization of salt in the high-salt wastewater on the rear surface of the self-filtering material, and automatically falling into the crystal collection area. This processor thus realizes the comprehensive utilization and high-quality resource utilization of aluminum solid waste, high-salt wastewater and waste heat, greatly reducing costs while realizing waste resource utilization.

[0070] 2) Autonomous evaporation of wastewater with zero emission and salt separation, crystallization and collection: Traditional high-salt wastewater desalination has the bottleneck problem of high unit energy consumption and extremely difficult salt recovery and separation. The present invention innovatively utilizes the water absorption of the self-filtering material and the difference in hydrophilicity of the inner and outer layers at the rear, and uses industrial low-quality thermal energy (such as industrial waste gas, air conditioning system exhaust, etc.) as a heating source. By utilizing the solubility of inorganic ions such as sulfate and chloride ions in the wastewater and the difference in surface energy of the self-filtering material, different inorganic salts at different heights of the self-filtering material are separated and crystallized. By collecting at different heights, high-efficiency, low-consumption, spontaneous classification, recovery and resource utilization of mixed salts in the wastewater are achieved. The above method can achieve autonomous filtration, desalination, salt separation, crystallization and recovery of wastewater without any energy consumption, and synchronous generation of electricity. The method is also used in high-salt organic wastewater, which can be industrial wastewater nanofiltration, concentrated drainage of reverse osmosis systems, and steam mechanical recompression (MVR) inlet liquid, etc.

[0071] 3) In-situ wastewater concentration and enhanced aluminum solid waste corrosion and discharge promote pre-treatment reactions. This processor fully utilizes the self-evaporation characteristics of the middle and rear parts of the filter material to achieve the principle of in-situ wastewater concentration. This achieves a gradient increase in salt concentration in the front, middle, and rear parts of the filter material. The aluminum battery assembly is rationally placed in a specific salt gradient area. The in-situ concentrated wastewater drives the aluminum material to generate electricity, enhancing the power generation of waste aluminum. This allows the processor to maintain an excellent high-salinity reaction microenvironment even when treating lower salt concentrations, significantly improving the applicability of this technology to wastewaters with different salinities.

[0072] 4) Simultaneous removal of phosphorus, fluorine, heavy metals and organic pollutants without the need for exogenous chemical agents.

[0073] This reactor fully utilizes the aluminum corrosion products of the aluminum battery reaction as additives, effectively removing pollutants such as phosphate and fluoride ions from wastewater by producing aluminum phosphate and sodium hexafluoroaluminate precipitates. Furthermore, aluminum corrosion products such as aluminum hydroxylate can be flocculated and removed from wastewater through electrostatic adsorption and other effects. This achieves resource conversion and efficient utilization of waste aluminum materials, and a sustainable, low-carbon, and green dosing process. The final aluminum precipitate can be reused as other products depending on its composition, achieving high-quality reuse and regeneration of aluminum resources.

[0074] 5) It has the properties of energy saving, low consumption, and pumpless operation, providing new ideas for the development of sustainable biochemical wastewater treatment technology. The self-filtration system can achieve pumpless filtration of wastewater. Small particulate pollutants in the wastewater are filtered and further purified under the action of the self-filtration internal pore exclusion. On the other hand, the dissolved salts and water molecules in the wastewater further climb upward along the length of the self-filtration perpendicular to the water surface under the capillary action of the self-filtration material. After passing through the Y-shaped support layer, they flow into the rear of the self-filtration material. Through the above-mentioned active mass transfer and transportation process of water molecules, the wastewater can flow independently without any external energy input. The self-filtration material in this processor is multifunctional, has high stability and durability, strong applicability, and can operate stably for a long time.

[0075] Although the above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention without the need for creative work should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor, characterized in that: include: A cavity, an aluminum-air battery system, and a self-filtering material; the cavity includes a water inlet area, an evaporation and crystallization area, and a salt collection area; the front of the self-filtering material is immersed below the water surface, and the self-filtering material serves as the cathode of the aluminum-air battery and also as a water filtration channel; a Y-shaped support layer is provided at the top of the pool wall of the water inlet area of the cavity, and the self-filtering material is suspended on the Y-shaped support layer in an inverted U shape; with the liquid surface and the Y-shaped support layer as dividing points, the self-filtering material is divided into a front part, a middle part, and a rear part along the length direction; the front part is immersed below the water surface, and the middle part is higher than and perpendicular to the water surface. The aluminum-air battery system adaptively locates in the front or middle position of the self-filtering material as the salt concentration gradient changes, and the aluminum-air battery component is reasonably set at a specific salt gradient. The rear portion is suspended inside the evaporation and crystallization zone and above the salt collection zone; an air duct is provided in the evaporation and crystallization zone to introduce waste hot air into full contact with the rear portion of the self-filtering material, thereby promoting the crystallization of salt in the wastewater on the rear surface of the self-filtering material and automatically falling into the crystal collection zone; the front and middle portions of the self-filtering material are hydrophilic with a contact angle range of 0°-40°; the rear portion of the self-filtering material is hydrophilic in the thickness direction, with a contact angle range of 0°-40°, and a hydrophobic outer layer with a contact angle range of 150°-180°; the outermost layer of the material has a millimeter / centimeter-level fiber array arrangement characteristic, and the fiber array is perpendicular to the material surface, providing sufficient crystallization sites for salt evaporation; The aluminum-air battery system is a battery assembly with a double-anode and single-cathode sandwich structure, comprising: a self-filtering material in the middle, with separators, aluminum anodes, and plastic splints arranged on both sides of the self-filtering material in sequence, wherein the self-filtering material serves as the cathode; The cathode and anode are connected by wires and energy storage devices respectively to collect the generated electrical energy.

2. The sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The area of the separation material is the same as the apparent area of the aluminum anode, and the apparent area of the self-filtering material is 2-10 times the area of the aluminum anode.

3. The sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-filtering material comprises a porous carbon matrix and a catalytic layer.

4. The sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The porous carbon matrix is a porous conductive carbon material, and the porous carbon matrix is graphite felt, activated carbon felt, carbon cloth or carbon aerogel.

5. The sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the porous carbon matrix is 0.2 cm-5 cm, and the average pore diameter is 0.5 μm-5 μm.

6. The sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The catalytic layer is a composite of one or more metal oxides of Ir, Ti, Ru, Co, Mn, Sn, Sb, Pb, and Pt.

7. The sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separation material is a common non-woven fabric or paper made of pure cotton or polyester, with a thickness of 0.1mm-1mm.

8. A water treatment method using the sustainable self-filtration high-salt organic wastewater processor according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: (1) Synchronous power generation and wastewater pretreatment of aluminum-air batteries: Power generation: High-salt organic wastewater is discharged into the water inlet area. The aluminum-air battery immersed in the water inlet area uses the high concentration of salt in the wastewater as an electrolyte to promote the corrosion of the aluminum anode, releasing electrons that are accepted by the self-filtering material through the external circuit. Under the action of the catalyst, electricity is generated and finally collected in the energy storage system; Wastewater pretreatment: Aluminum ions released from the aluminum anode generate aluminum hydroxide, which acts as a flocculant and gradually disperses into the water inlet area. Through coagulation, macromolecular organic matter and colloidal substances in the wastewater are separated and precipitated. At the same time, aluminum ions react with phosphates in the wastewater to produce aluminum phosphate precipitates, thereby removing phosphates. If fluoride ions exist in the wastewater, aluminum ions, a corrosion product of aluminum batteries, will further react with fluoride ions to form sodium hexafluoroaluminate precipitates, thereby achieving efficient resource utilization of fluoride ions. (2) Autonomous separation of solid and liquid in wastewater and self-filtration: A large amount of flocculants and sediments generated during the pretreatment process, on the one hand, settle naturally at the bottom of the water inlet area under the action of gravity, and small particles of pollutants in the wastewater are simultaneously filtered out under the action of the internal pore exclusion of the self-filtration, and are further purified; on the other hand, the soluble salts and water molecules in the wastewater further climb upward along the length direction of the self-filtration perpendicular to the water surface under the capillary action of the self-filtration material, pass through the Y-shaped support layer, and flow into the rear part of the self-filtration material; through the above-mentioned active mass transfer and transportation process of water molecules, the wastewater can be autonomously flowed without any external energy input; (3) Self-evaporation of wastewater with zero emission and separation, crystallization and collection of salts: Due to the difference in hydrophilicity between the inner and outer layers of the rear part of the self-filtering material, when the wastewater passes through the rear part of the material, the hydrophilicity inside the self-filtering material ensures the internal water retention performance, and the hydrophobicity of the surface of the material ensures that there is sufficient gas / liquid interaction interface, which is in full contact with the waste hot air, accelerating the evaporation of the surface of the wastewater; the water in the wastewater is completely evaporated to achieve zero emission, and the salts will be separated and crystallized at different heights of the self-filtering material under the condition of hot air disturbance and blowing according to their different solubility and interaction with the self-filtering material. By collecting them at different heights, efficient, low-consumption, spontaneous classification and recycling of mixed salts in the wastewater can be achieved.

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