A method for restoring a plant community of a karst depression

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of karst peak cluster depression's plant community recovery method, including target site selection, select the peak cluster depression in karst region as target site;Slope position grading, according to the target site selected, according to the distance between peak and depression, the target site is divided into multiple slope positions;Plant configuration, according to the characteristics of different slope positions, select suitable high carbon fixation plant species for configuration;Planting, according to the plant species selected according to different slope positions, according to the plant planting habit is planted;Nursing management, the plant after planting is managed, and the management content includes topdressing, disease and insect pest control.The present application is based on the principles of restoration ecology, pedology, under the background of "double carbon", aiming at the harsh habitat of FAST Ningjing area karst peak cluster depression and the site conditions of different spatial parts, screening high carbon fixation native plants, and reasonably configuring and supplementing in different slope positions, so as to improve the carbon fixation capacity of FAST Ningjing area karst peak cluster depression.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of improving the ecological function in karst areas, and in particular to a peak-cluster depression plant community restoration method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Peak-cluster depression is the largest karst landform type area in Southwest China, with a distribution area of 67491.95km 2 , and is most typical in the eastern Yunnan-southern Guizhou and southwestern Guizhou-northwestern Guangxi regions. The FAST quiet zone peak-cluster depression is typical, large in scale and numerous in quantity, with more than 170 large-scale depressions having a peak-depression distance (maximum height difference) of more than 100m, and 15 of them having a peak-depression distance of more than 500m. The peak slopes around the depressions in this region are relatively steep in the upper part, mainly with trees, shrubs and grasses, and the vegetation is relatively well preserved, but the surface is rugged and broken, with a slope of more than 15°, accounting for 81.35% of the total area. The surface water system is lacking, the groundwater is deep, and it belongs to a typical engineering water shortage area. The rock desertification (including potential rock desertification) area accounts for 78.4%, the ecological environment carrying capacity is small, the man-land contradiction is prominent, the ecological system stability is low, and the vulnerability is strong. Once damaged, it is extremely difficult to restore. Therefore, the ecological restoration of the FAST quiet zone peak-cluster depression, especially the potential value mining of the ecological system in the fragile ecological environment, is a problem to be solved at present. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a peak-cluster depression plant community restoration method, which solves the problem of low ecological system stability and strong vulnerability of the FAST quiet zone peak-cluster depression (karst peak-cluster depression) in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solution: a peak-cluster depression plant community restoration method, comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) Target site selection

[0006] Select a peak-cluster depression in a karst region as a target site;

[0007] (2) Slope position classification

[0008] According to the selected target site, the target site is classified into multiple slope positions according to the distance between the peaks and the depressions;

[0009] (3) Plant configuration

[0010] According to the characteristics of different slope positions, suitable high-carbon fixation plant species are selected for configuration;

[0011] (4) Planting

[0012] According to the selected plant species of different slope positions, the plants are planted according to the planting habits of the plants;

[0013] (5) Rearing management

[0014] The plants after planting are managed, and the management content includes fertilization, disease and pest prevention.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. The present application is based on the principles of restoration ecology and soil science. In the context of "double carbon", the present application selects high-carbon rural plants according to the site conditions of FAST Ningjing area karst peak cluster depression and different spatial positions, and reasonably configures and supplements in different slope positions, thereby improving the carbon sequestration capacity of FAST Ningjing area karst peak cluster depression.

[0017] 2. According to the topographic features of the karst peak cluster depression, the slope height of the area is divided, and the most suitable plants are selected according to the characteristics of the plants that can be planted on different slopes, so that the most suitable plant population can be obtained on each slope, which is beneficial to the growth of plants on the corresponding slope and improves the carbon sequestration capacity of the entire karst peak cluster depression and the ecological risk resistance of the entire area.

[0018] 3. The selected plant species can be Chinese herbal medicine and wood with economic benefits, which can increase the carbon sequestration of forest ecosystem and promote the income of farmers to a certain extent and improve the economic benefits. Therefore, the present application has significant effects in terms of ecological, social and economic benefits.

[0019] Further, in step (2), the slope of the target land is divided into lower slope, middle slope and upper slope according to the distance between the peak and the depression.

[0020] Due to the characteristics of the karst peak cluster depression area, the cultivated land is several mu to several tens of mu, mainly for agricultural production, mainly planting food crops, and the slope from the depression to the peak is large, the desertification area is large, the soil fixation capacity is weak, the vegetation is single and the coverage is low, therefore, the natural way of increasing the ecological risk resistance of the area by avoiding human activities and supplementing tree species should be adopted. Therefore, the present application divides the target land to be restored into lower slope, middle slope and upper slope, which can effectively select the most suitable plant configuration according to the characteristics of each slope, ensure that each slope has a certain risk resistance, enrich the species and improve the carbon sequestration capacity of the entire area.

[0021] Further, in step (3), the lower slope is mixedly configured with trees, shrubs, vines and herbs; the middle slope is mixedly configured with small trees, shrubs, vines and herbs; and the upper slope is mixedly configured with vines and herbs.

[0022] Since the three slope positions are divided according to the height of the entire slope position, the land in the high slope position has less soil content in the whole, and therefore the present application adopts the mixed placement of various lianas and herbs in the upper slope position for plant configuration, the purpose is to use the plants with shallower root system for planting, which can adapt to the upper slope position with lower soil content and also can survive, realize the purpose of rich plant population, and avoid the high plants in the upper slope position from affecting the photosynthesis of the plants in the middle and lower slope positions, increase the diversity of the plants in the middle and lower slope positions, and enrich the plant community in the middle and lower slope positions; similarly, the soil content in the middle slope position is more than that in the upper slope position, which can be used for planting small trees and shrubs with slightly developed root system, and the height of the small trees is in the range of 5-9m, and the height of the shrubs is in the range of 3-6m, which all belong to plants with moderate height and do not block the plants planted in the lower slope position, which is beneficial to the growth of the plants planted in the lower slope position; correspondingly, the soil content in the lower slope position is the most in the whole area, which is suitable for planting trees with developed root system, and therefore the present application adopts the mixed configuration of trees, shrubs and lianas in the lower slope position, since the upper and middle slope positions avoid planting plants with high height, which is beneficial to the photosynthesis and growth of the plants planted in the lower slope position, improves the existing planting according to local conditions, ensures the diversity of the vegetation population in the whole target land, and improves the risk resistance of the whole area.

[0023] Further, in step (3): the tree plants include one or more of Cinnamomum subavenium, Quercus acutissima, Castanea seguinii, Toona sinensis, Litsea cubeba, Cinnamomum camphora, Choerospondias axillaris, Broussonetia papyrifera, Altingia sieboldii, Machilus chinensis, Caragana pygmaea, Rhamnus davurica, and Liriodendron chinense; the shrub plants include one or more of Rosa davurica, Mahonia aquifolium, Coriaria sinica, Ligustrum robustum, and Hibiscus syriacus; the herb plants include one or more of Miscanthus sinensis, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum sibiricum, Eulaliopsis binata, Rehmannia glutinosa, Angelica biserrata, Epimedium sagittatum, and Carex hostiana; the liana plants include one or more of Ficus edentata, Pueraria lobata, Euchresta japonica, Actinidia deliciosa, Imperata cylindrica, Vicia cracca, and Passiflora edulis; and the small trees include one or more of Rhus chinensis, Pyracantha fortuneana, and Cinnamomum subavenium.

[0024] The selected shrubs, trees, small trees, liana plants and herb plants are all economic crops, which are edible (Castanea seguinii, Toona sinensis, Litsea cubeba, Actinidia deliciosa, etc.), can be used for wood (Quercus acutissima, Caragana pygmaea, Liriodendron chinense, etc.), can be used for medicinal materials (Cinnamomum subavenium, Angelica biserrata, Polygonatum sibiricum, Epimedium sagittatum, etc.), and part of them can be used as oil (Liriodendron chinense, Altingia sieboldii, etc.), so that the target land improves the ecological risk resistance while increasing the carbon fixation capacity, and also improves the economic benefits of the surrounding farmers, expands the income sources of the surrounding farmers, and has certain economic value.

[0025] Further, in step (4): the plant planting includes seed sowing and seedling planting, wherein the seed sowing is 2-3kg of seeds per mu of soil; and the seedling planting includes seedling selection, planting hole digging and planting steps.

[0026] According to the type of the plant, it can be basically divided into seed planting and sapling planting, for this, the planting process is divided into sapling planting and planting sowing according to the plant to be planted, wherein the planting sowing mode is adopted for the vine plants, the survival density of different vine plants is slightly different, the selected vine plants according to the application select the appropriate sowing mode, avoid the problem that the planting density is too dense to affect the medicinal material finished product or the problem that the planting density is sparse to cause the land use area cannot be maximized.

[0027] Further, in step (4): in the planting hole digging, a planting hole of a preset specification is dug according to the type of the sapling to be planted, and an auxiliary planting device is arranged in each planting hole, the auxiliary planting device comprises a groove body provided with an open upper end, a water leakage hole is arranged at the bottom of the groove body, and the groove body is made of PLA material.

[0028] The application relates to a planting process of a plant and belongs to a ground planting process, which is more difficult to control fertilization and watering during planting than pot planting, and the ground planting process needs to be appropriately fertilized and watered according to the soil condition and landform condition of a planting site; since the saplings are mostly planted by using purchased finished products, the finished saplings are mostly greenhouse induced or open-air pot planting, the survival rate during the ground planting process is controllable, and the planting area of the application is a typical Haster cluster depression area, the soil fixation capacity of the area is poor, the fertility is prone to loss, the surface water system is lost, the saplings are prone to water shortage during the planting process, and the saplings grow in the natural environment in the application, human intervention is greatly reduced after the planting process, therefore, improving the overall survival rate of the saplings is a key point in the plant configuration process. Therefore, the application is provided with a groove body made of PLA material and provided with an open upper end, the PLA material is polylactic acid material, the material can be degraded within 180 days, the groove body replaces the role of a flowerpot in the pot planting process during the planting process, can effectively gather the fertility, ensures that the saplings have sufficient fertility during the rooting process, can slow down the water loss speed after watering, ensures that the saplings have relatively sufficient water resources and fertility resources during the growth process, is more favorable to the growth of the sapling root system, improves the survival rate of the saplings, and the degradable groove body does not affect the expansion of the tree root system, can improve the soil fixation capacity in the area, and reduces water and soil loss.

[0029] Further, an outer bottom of the groove body is provided with a groove recessed into the groove body, an outer side wall of the groove recess forms a water accumulation cavity together with an inner side wall of the groove body, and an annular plate arranged flush with the outer bottom of the groove is arranged between the outer side wall of the groove and the inner side wall of the groove, a plurality of water guide holes are formed in the annular plate.

[0030] The groove with the upper end opening can simulate a flowerpot, limit the extension range of the fertilizer and water resources, ensure the growth of the sapling in the planting hole, and provide the survival rate; since the surface water system in the region is prone to loss, even if the groove can slow down the water loss speed, the water resources in the region are more prone to loss than the general topography, therefore, the water storage cavity is further arranged on the basis of the groove with the upper end opening, part of the water enters the water storage cavity for temporary storage during the planting watering process, and the water not entering the water storage cavity enters the groove through the water leakage holes arranged on the bottom of the groove and slowly loses; the water in the water storage cavity can continuously provide water resources for the sapling planted in the groove for a certain period of time, ensure that the sapling has sufficient water resources after planting and before the arrival of the rainy season, and avoid the problem of sapling drying caused by water shortage of the sapling.

[0031] Further, the inner wall of the groove is provided with a plurality of water guide channels, the plurality of water guide channels are arranged in a ring along the inner wall of the groove, each water guide channel extends outward from the opening side of the groove and communicates with the water collecting groove arranged in the groove, and the other end of the water guide channel extends into the groove and communicates with the water storage cavity.

[0032] The overall height of the groove is lower than the depth of the planting hole, but the upper part of the water guide channel can be flush with the height of the planting hole, and a ring-shaped water collecting groove can be arranged at the upper end of the plurality of water guide channels, so that the excess water can smoothly enter the water storage cavity during watering. Since the water storage cavity and the part of the sapling planted in the groove are provided with a ring-shaped plate, the ring-shaped plate divides the space into two, even if there is water in the water storage cavity, it will not cause the part of the sapling planted in the groove to accumulate water, which will affect the growth of the sapling. However, over time, the water in the groove is lost, the water in the water storage cavity evaporates and enters the groove through the water guide hole, which can supplement the water in the groove. The water vapor evaporated from the water storage cavity can also be blocked by the mulch through the water guide channel, and finally condenses on the soil surface and enters the soil, reducing water evaporation and ensuring the required water resources during sapling planting, improving the survival rate during sapling planting.

[0033] Further, in step (4), in the planting step, after the auxiliary planting device is placed in the excavated planting hole, the sapling is placed in the auxiliary planting device after fertilization and soil covering in the auxiliary planting device, and the sapling is covered with soil, watered and covered with mulch, and the mulch covers the auxiliary planting device.

[0034] The planting step of the application is not different from the existing seedling planting process, but after the planting hole is formed, the auxiliary planting device is first placed, then the soil is placed, the fertilizer is applied, the soil is covered, then the seedling is placed, the soil is covered, water is poured and the film is covered, the existence of the auxiliary planting device can simulate the pot planting process for a certain period of time, prolong the adaptation time of the seedling in the planting process, improve the survival rate of the seedling in the planting process, and due to the topography, the use of the auxiliary planting device and the mulch can further ensure the reuse of water resources in the planting process, and can be more suitable for the planting land where the water resources are easy to leak, and can also resist the problem of low survival rate of the seedling caused by less rainfall after planting due to weather.

[0035] Further, in the planting step: 0.8-1.2 kg of compound fertilizer is applied in each planting hole, and the soil is covered by 5-6 cm, and the black mulch is covered.

[0036] The planted seedlings are trees, small trees and shrubs, and according to the selected vegetation type, compound fertilizer is applied, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer and other possible elements such as zinc, calcium and boron are beneficial to the growth of the root system of the seedling, and ensure the survival rate of the seedling; the black mulch cooperates with the water accumulation cavity and the water guide channel to prevent water evaporation, and further ensure the survival rate of the seedling. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the field test of the application;

[0038] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting device of the application;

[0039] Figure 3 is a structural top view of the water collecting groove of the application;

[0040] Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the auxiliary planting device structure of the application.

[0041] In the figure: groove body 1, insertion hole 11, annular plate 2, water guide hole 21, support 3, groove 4, water leakage hole 5, water accumulation cavity 6, water guide channel 7, positioning ring 71, water collecting groove 8, hole 81. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, not all.

[0043] Screening of high-carbon-fixing native plants: Due to the large slope from the valley to the peak in the peak cluster depression, it is necessary to investigate the plants at different slope positions in the process of screening suitable high-carbon-fixing plants. The broad-leaved vegetation with fast growth speed, large leaves, developed root system and suitable for growing in the karst area is screened.

[0044] Determination of high-carbon-fixing vegetation: ① Plant carbon content determination: Among the initially screened plants, the carbon content of each plant leaf is determined by using a photosynthetic instrument in the field. At the same time, leaf, branch and root samples are collected, dried, ground and brought back to the laboratory for carbon content determination. Through field photosynthesis determination and indoor carbon content determination, the carbon content of trees and shrubs is determined. The whole vine plant is directly collected, dried, ground and brought back to the laboratory for carbon content determination; ② Plant biomass determination: 50 plants of the same vine are collected, and the aboveground and underground parts are collected and brought back to the laboratory for drying and weighing to calculate the biomass of each vine; 10 plants of the same shrub are collected, and the whole plant is brought back to the laboratory for drying and weighing to calculate the biomass of each shrub; for trees, the relative growth method is used to calculate the biomass of each tree, that is, the diameter at breast height and height of the plant are measured, and the biomass prediction model is used to calculate the biomass of each tree; ③ Plant growth rate determination: the growth ring method is used to determine the growth rate of trees and shrubs, that is, a growth ring is installed at 1.5 meters high on each tree, and the data on the growth ring is collected every half year to obtain the growth rate; the height of the vine is measured regularly every month to calculate the growth rate. Finally, according to the three groups of data of plant carbon content, biomass and growth rate, the plants with high carbon content, large biomass and fast growth rate are screened to determine the high-carbon-fixing plants.

[0045] Through the above experiments, suitable high-carbon-fixing tree plants are screened, including Litsea cubeba, Quercus acutissima, Carya cathayensis, Toona sinensis, Litsea glutinosa, Cinnamomum camphora, Choerospondias axillaris, Machilus chinensis, Michelia nilgherrensis, Loropetalum chinense, Carpinus fargesiana, Rhamnus utilis, and Leucomium sp.; shrub plants include Rosa davurica, Mahonia bealei, Pygeum paviiflorum, Coriaria sinica, Ligustrum robustum, and Eupatorium fortunei; herbaceous plants include Miscanthus sinensis, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum sibiricum, Polygonum multiflorum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Coptis chinensis, Epimedium sagittatum, and Carex viridula; vine plants include Polygonum multiflorum, Pueraria lobata, Euchresta formosana, Impatiens balsamina, Actinidia deliciosa, Imperata cylindrica, Vicia sativa, and Passiflora edulis; small trees include Rhus chinensis, Pygeum paviiflorum, and Lantana camara.

[0046] Field demonstration site selection: the east slope of the Guizhou Academy of Sciences "Karst Peak Cluster Depression Field Observation and Research Station" in the middle area of the FAST in Fangzhao Group, Xianjin Village, Kedu Town, Pingtang County, Qian Nan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, like Figure 1As shown, the slope is divided into four test areas, A, B, C, and D, according to its direction. Each test area can be further divided into uphill, middle, and downhill sections based on the slope height difference. Measurements show that the distance between the peak and depression of the slope is approximately 240m, and the total length of the slope is approximately 320m. Therefore, the slope is divided into downhill, middle, and uphill sections according to its length, with each section accounting for one-third of the total slope length, i.e., 80m. The length of each of the four test areas A, B, C, and D, based on the slope length direction, is 80m.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] Since the areas requiring vegetation restoration are sparsely populated mountainous forests, the transplanted seedlings require nurturing and management. This mainly involves pest control, and timely fertilization and watering based on the seedlings' growth and weather conditions. However, current technologies primarily employ four methods for watering forest seedlings: rainwater harvesting, spraying, drip irrigation, and sedimentation tanks. Regardless of the method, all are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Rainwater harvesting and sedimentation tanks collect water in containers, requiring manual pipe laying or water transport. Spraying uses machinery (agricultural aircraft, etc.), which is too costly and not cost-effective. Drip irrigation primarily hydrates the plant roots; however, this requires water bags, which need additional support structures because small seedlings lack sufficient support. Furthermore, the water bags, often made of plastic, are scattered in the wild, which is detrimental to environmental protection.

[0049] Therefore, if the frequency of watering seedlings during the tending and management process or after planting can be reduced while ensuring the survival rate of the seedlings, the workload of the entire vegetation restoration process can be effectively reduced. To this end, in order to improve the survival rate of seedlings and reduce the frequency of watering during vegetation restoration, an auxiliary planting device is provided in this invention. For example... Figures 2-4 As shown, the auxiliary planting device includes a trough 1 with an opening at the top and a drainage hole 5 at the bottom. The trough 1 is made of PLA material. A groove 4 recessed into the trough 1 is located at the bottom outer side. The outer wall of the groove 4 and the inner wall of the trough 1 form a water collection cavity 6. An annular plate 2, flush with the bottom outer side of the groove 4, is located between the outer wall of the groove 4 and the inner wall of the trough 1. Multiple water guide holes 21 are provided on the annular plate 2. Multiple water guide channels 7 are provided on the inner wall of the trough 1, forming a ring along the inner wall. Each water guide channel 7 extends outward from the opening side of the trough 1 and communicates with a water collection channel 8 spaced apart from the trough 1. The other end of the water guide channel 7 extends into the trough 1 and communicates with the water collection cavity 6.

[0050] like Figure 2 ,3 As shown in FIG. 4, the water guide channel 7 is in a tubular structure, is inserted into the insertion hole 11 formed in the inner wall of the groove body 1 in the vertical direction, and the upper end of the water guide channel 7 is communicated with the bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the height of the upper end of the water guide channel 7 is flush with or slightly lower than the height of the inner bottom of the water collecting groove 8. In order to facilitate the connection and positioning of the water guide channel 7 with the water collecting groove 8 and the groove body 1, and to ensure that the water guide channel 7 can be flush with the inner bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the water guide channel 7 can be deep into the water accumulation cavity 6 of the groove body 1, the positioning ring 71 is arranged outside the water guide channel 7, and the number of the positioning ring 71 is two; one of the positioning ring 71 is in contact with the outer bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the other positioning ring 71 is in contact with the upper end of the groove body 1, the positioning ring 71 is fixed with the water guide channel 7, and the outer diameter of the positioning ring 71 is greater than the inner diameter of the hole 81 communicated with the bottom of the water collecting groove 8 and the diameter of the insertion hole 11. The positioning ring 71 can be a rubber sealing sleeve, so that the distance between the positioning ring 71 and the water guide channel 7 can be adjusted, and a certain sealing effect can be achieved. The two positioning pipes 71 can realize the installation position limitation of the water guide channel 7, the water collecting groove 8 and the groove body 1, and ensure that the corresponding effect can be realized. Moreover, the water guide channel 7, the water collecting groove 7 and the groove body 1 can be detachably connected, which can facilitate the transportation of the whole auxiliary planting device. At the same time, the water guide channel 7 can be a square tube structure or a circular tube structure, which is formed by injection molding; it can also be set according to the use requirement. The structure of the water guide channel 7 shown in the figure is a square tube structure, the hole 81 formed in the groove bottom of the water collecting groove 8 is a square hole, and the insertion hole 11 formed in the side wall of the groove body 1 is also a square hole.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 4, the water guide channel 7 is in a tubular structure, is inserted into the insertion hole 11 formed in the inner wall of the groove body 1 in the vertical direction, and the upper end of the water guide channel 7 is communicated with the bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the height of the upper end of the water guide channel 7 is flush with or slightly lower than the height of the inner bottom of the water collecting groove 8. In order to facilitate the connection and positioning of the water guide channel 7 with the water collecting groove 8 and the groove body 1, and to ensure that the water guide channel 7 can be flush with the inner bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the water guide channel 7 can be deep into the water accumulation cavity 6 of the groove body 1, the positioning ring 71 is arranged outside the water guide channel 7, and the number of the positioning ring 71 is two; one of the positioning ring 71 is in contact with the outer bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the other positioning ring 71 is in contact with the upper end of the groove body 1, the positioning ring 71 is fixed with the water guide channel 7, and the outer diameter of the positioning ring 71 is greater than the inner diameter of the hole 81 communicated with the bottom of the water collecting groove 8 and the diameter of the insertion hole 11. The positioning ring 71 can be a rubber sealing sleeve, so that the distance between the positioning ring 71 and the water guide channel 7 can be adjusted, and a certain sealing effect can be achieved. The two positioning pipes 71 can realize the installation position limitation of the water guide channel 7, the water collecting groove 8 and the groove body 1, and ensure that the corresponding effect can be realized. Moreover, the water guide channel 7, the water collecting groove 7 and the groove body 1 can be detachably connected, which can facilitate the transportation of the whole auxiliary planting device. At the same time, the water guide channel 7 can be a square tube structure or a circular tube structure, which is formed by injection molding; it can also be set according to the use requirement. The structure of the water guide channel 7 shown in the figure is a square tube structure, the hole 81 formed in the groove bottom of the water collecting groove 8 is a square hole, and the insertion hole 11 formed in the side wall of the groove body 1 is also a square hole. Figure 2

[0052] As shown in FIG. 4, the water guide channel 7 is in a tubular structure, is inserted into the insertion hole 11 formed in the inner wall of the groove body 1 in the vertical direction, and the upper end of the water guide channel 7 is communicated with the bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the height of the upper end of the water guide channel 7 is flush with or slightly lower than the height of the inner bottom of the water collecting groove 8. In order to facilitate the connection and positioning of the water guide channel 7 with the water collecting groove 8 and the groove body 1, and to ensure that the water guide channel 7 can be flush with the inner bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the water guide channel 7 can be deep into the water accumulation cavity 6 of the groove body 1, the positioning ring 71 is arranged outside the water guide channel 7, and the number of the positioning ring 71 is two; one of the positioning ring 71 is in contact with the outer bottom of the water collecting groove 8, and the other positioning ring 71 is in contact with the upper end of the groove body 1, the positioning ring 71 is fixed with the water guide channel 7, and the outer diameter of the positioning ring 71 is greater than the inner diameter of the hole 81 communicated with the bottom of the water collecting groove 8 and the diameter of the insertion hole 11. The positioning ring 71 can be a rubber sealing sleeve, so that the distance between the positioning ring 71 and the water guide channel 7 can be adjusted, and a certain sealing effect can be achieved. The two positioning pipes 71 can realize the installation position limitation of the water guide channel 7, the water collecting groove 8 and the groove body 1, and ensure that the corresponding effect can be realized. Moreover, the water guide channel 7, the water collecting groove 7 and the groove body 1 can be detachably connected, which can facilitate the transportation of the whole auxiliary planting device. At the same time, the water guide channel 7 can be a square tube structure or a circular tube structure, which is formed by injection molding; it can also be set according to the use requirement. The structure of the water guide channel 7 shown in the figure is a square tube structure, the hole 81 formed in the groove bottom of the water collecting groove 8 is a square hole, and the insertion hole 11 formed in the side wall of the groove body 1 is also a square hole. Figure 4 ​As shown, the annular plate 2 is detachably arranged with the groove body 1, facilitating transportation and on-site installation and use, for the convenience of the annular plate 2 being smoothly installed at the preset position in the groove body 1, a supporting member 3 for supporting the annular plate 2 is arranged inside the groove body 1, the supporting member 3 can be a block structure or a ring structure protruding inwardly from the groove body 1, ensuring that the annular plate 2 can be smoothly installed at the preset position in the groove body 1.

[0053] The plant planting process of the present application belongs to the ground planting process, which is more difficult to control the fertilization and watering during the planting process than the pot planting, and the fertilization and watering need to be suitable according to the soil condition and topography of the planting site during the planting process; since the saplings are mostly planted by purchasing finished products, the finished saplings are mostly greenhouse induced or open-air pot planting, the survival rate during the ground planting process is controllable, and the planting area of the present application is a typical Haster cluster depression area, which has poor soil fixation capacity, leading to easy loss of fertility, and the lack of surface water system leads to easy water shortage of the saplings during the planting process, plus the saplings grow in the natural environment in the present application, except for the planting process, subsequent human intervention will be greatly reduced, therefore, improving the overall survival rate of the saplings is the key point in the plant configuration process. Therefore, the present application sets an upper-end-opened groove body 1 made of PLA material, the PLA material is polylactic acid material, which can be degraded within 180 days, the groove body 1 replaces the role of the flowerpot in the pot planting process during the planting process, can effectively gather the fertility, ensure that the saplings have enough fertility during the rooting process (usually about 20-30 days), and can also slow down the water loss speed after watering, ensure that the saplings have relatively sufficient water resources and fertility resources during the growth process, which is more conducive to the growth of the sapling root system and improves the survival rate of the saplings. The degradable groove body 1 does not pollute the environment and does not affect the expansion of the subsequent tree root system, can improve the soil fixation capacity in the area and reduce soil and water loss.

[0054] The groove body 1 with the upper end opening can simulate the flowerpot, limit the expansion range of the fertility and water resources, ensure the growth of the saplings in the planting hole, and provide the survival rate; since the surface water system in the area is easy to lose, even if the groove body 1 can slow down the water loss speed, the water resources in the area with general topography are also more likely to be lost, therefore, the present application further sets a water storage cavity 6 on the basis of the upper-end-opened groove body 1, part of the water enters the water storage cavity 6 for temporary storage during the planting watering process, and the water not entering the water storage cavity 6 slowly loses through the water leakage hole 5 opened at the bottom of the groove body 1; the water in the water storage cavity 6 can continuously provide water resources for the saplings planted in the groove body 1 for a certain period of time, ensure that the saplings have enough water resources after planting and before the arrival of the rainy season, and avoid the problem of sapling drying caused by lack of water.

[0055] The overall height of the groove body 1 is lower than the depth of the planting hole, but the upper part of the water guide channel 7 can be flush with the height of the planting hole, and a ring-shaped water collecting groove 8 can be arranged at the upper end of the plurality of water guide channels 7, so that the excess water can smoothly enter the water storage cavity 6 during watering. Since the planting part of the groove body 1 and the water storage cavity 6 are separated by the annular plate 2, even if there is water in the water storage cavity 6, it will not cause water to accumulate in the groove body 1, affecting the growth of the seedlings. However, as time goes by, the water in the groove is lost, and the water in the water storage cavity 6 evaporates through the water guide hole 21 into the groove body 1, which can replenish the water in the groove body 1. The water vapor evaporated from the water storage cavity 6 can also be blocked by the mulch through the water guide channel 7, and finally condenses from the top of the soil and enters the soil, reducing water evaporation and ensuring the required water resources during the planting process of the seedlings, thereby improving the survival rate of the seedlings during the planting process.

[0056] The auxiliary planting device provided by the application needs to be used in cooperation with the mulch during use, and the effect of separate use is relatively weaker than the water collecting and fertilizer accumulating effect of cooperation with the mulch. Therefore, in order to verify the effect of the auxiliary planting device, the following is implemented.

[0057] I. Humidity monitoring experiment

[0058] 1. Downhill position experiment

[0059] In the downhill position, test site 1, comparison site 1, comparison site 2 and comparison site 3 with similar soil conditions and similar plant communities are selected, and test site 1, comparison site 1, comparison site 2 and comparison site 3 are arranged in an experimental area of about 6m*12m, and 50*50*50cm planting holes are dug in each experimental area, and the interval of each planting hole is about 5m, so that there are 6 planting holes in each experimental area.

[0060] In each planting hole in the test site 1, the auxiliary planting device of the application is placed, wherein the water collecting groove 8 is basically flush with the ground, the interval distance between the upper end of the groove body 1 and the groove bottom of the water collecting groove 8 is about 10cm, the soil is covered on the groove body 1 and continuously covered to the position flush with the height of the water collecting groove 1, and the mulch is covered on the upper end of the water collecting groove 8, so that the liquid condensed in the mulch can be collected through the water collecting groove 8.

[0061] In each planting hole in the comparison site 1, a rectangular cavity with a size of about 50*50*50cm is placed, the upper end of the rectangular cavity is opened, and a liquid leakage hole is arranged at the lower end to simulate a general flowerpot, the soil is filled in the rectangular cavity until it is completely covered, and the mulch is covered on the upper end of the rectangular cavity.

[0062] The auxiliary planting device of the application is placed in each planting hole in the comparative land 2, wherein the water collecting tank 8 is substantially flush with the ground, the interval distance between the upper end of the tank body 1 and the tank bottom of the water collecting tank 8 is about 10 cm, the soil is covered on the tank body 1 and continuously covered to the position where the height above the water collecting tank 1 is level, the water collecting tank 8 is not covered with the mulch film, and is provided with an opening.

[0063] In each planting hole in the comparative land 3, the soil is directly backfilled, and then the mulch film is covered on the planting hole after the soil is backfilled.

[0064] In each planting hole in the comparative land 3, the soil is directly backfilled, and then the mulch film is covered on the planting hole after the soil is backfilled.

[0065] 2, middle slope experiment

[0066] The test land 2, the comparative land 21, the comparative land 22 and the comparative land 23 with similar soil conditions and similar plant communities are selected in the middle slope, and the test land 2, the comparative land 21, the comparative land 22 and the comparative land 23 are respectively provided with experimental lands with a size of about 6 m*12 m, and 30*30*30 cm planting holes are dug in each experimental land, and the interval distance between each planting hole is about 5 meters, so that there are 6 planting holes in each experimental land.

[0067] The auxiliary planting device of the application is placed in each planting hole in the comparative land 2, wherein the water collecting tank 8 is substantially flush with the ground, the interval distance between the upper end of the tank body 1 and the tank bottom of the water collecting tank 8 is about 10 cm, the soil is covered on the tank body 1 and continuously covered to the position where the height above the water collecting tank 1 is level, the water collecting tank 8 is not covered with the mulch film, and is provided with an opening.

[0068] In each planting hole in the comparative land 21, a rectangular cavity with a size of about 30*30*30 cm is placed, the upper end of the rectangular cavity is opened, and a liquid leakage hole is formed at the lower end to simulate a general flowerpot, the soil is filled in the rectangular cavity until the soil completely covers the rectangular cavity, and the mulch film is covered on the upper end of the rectangular cavity, and the mulch film completely covers the rectangular cavity.

[0069] The auxiliary planting device of the application is placed in each planting hole in the comparative land 2, wherein the water collecting tank 8 is substantially flush with the ground, the interval distance between the upper end of the tank body 1 and the tank bottom of the water collecting tank 8 is about 10 cm, the soil is covered on the tank body 1 and continuously covered to the position where the height above the water collecting tank 1 is level, the water collecting tank 8 is not covered with the mulch film, and is provided with an opening.

[0070] In each planting hole in contrast 23, directly backfill with soil, and then cover the planting hole with mulch after backfilling the soil.

[0071] Among them, the planting holes in test field 2, contrast 21, contrast 22 and contrast 23 need to be watered after filling the soil, and the planting holes that need to be covered with film are covered with film after watering. Each planting hole in test field 2, contrast 21, contrast 22 and contrast 23 is labeled as No. 1-6, and the soil moisture of each planting hole is monitored every two days, using a soil moisture monitor with a monitoring depth of about 20 cm, and continuously monitoring for 10 times. The soil moisture data in the above 24 planting holes is shown in Table 2.

[0072] Table 1 Soil moisture changes under different treatments

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] Table 2 Soil moisture changes under different treatments

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Note: In order to further reduce the influence of excessive rainfall on the monitoring data, a transparent plastic rain shelter is installed in the method of digging planting holes in each test field and contrast field. The rain shelter only covers the rain above the planting hole, without affecting ventilation and air permeability. At the same time, intercepting plates are added around the selected test field and contrast field to avoid the problem of large experimental data errors caused by mountain rainstorms during the experiment. The blank control is the soil moisture in the selected site without digging planting holes.

[0079] As can be seen from the data recorded in Tables 1 and 2, the soil moisture in the test field and contrast field in Table 2 decreases more quickly than in Table 1. This is because the data recorded in Table 2 is obtained from the middle slope, and the karst peak cluster depression area has relatively low soil content and poor soil water storage capacity, so it is more difficult for seedlings of plants with well-developed root systems to survive.

[0080] In Table 1, referring to the soil moisture monitoring data in test field 1, contrast 1 and the blank control, it can be seen that:

[0081] With the data of test plot 1 in the blank control group as a reference, combined with the data in test plot 1, it can be reflected that the humidity in the planting hole provided with the auxiliary planting device and the mulch changes relatively slowly, especially in the data of 6-10 times of monitoring, it can be seen that the planting hole provided with the auxiliary planting device has good water retention effect; combined with the suitable soil humidity range of 60-75% of shrubs and arbor seedlings production, and the data of the 10th monitoring, it can be concluded that the planting hole provided with the auxiliary planting device can ensure that the seedlings have a certain water supply after transplanting, even if the watering frequency is reduced.

[0082] With the data of comparative plot 1 in the blank control group as a reference, combined with the data in comparative plot 1, it can be reflected that the humidity in the whole planting hole decreases relatively slowly and the decrease amount is relatively small. In the 10th monitoring data, the soil humidity is basically higher than 85%, which shows that even if the simple flowerpot is buried in the soil to slow down the risk resistance of the seedlings, it cannot ensure that the whole flowerpot can guide water smoothly after transplanting; due to the existence of the rectangular cavity of the flowerpot structure, the soil humidity is continuously high, which will cause the seedlings to rot, affecting the survival rate of the seedlings. Therefore, even if the simple flowerpot structure of the rectangular cavity is used, it cannot achieve the effect of water retention and no root rot.

[0083] In Table 1, referring to the soil humidity monitoring data in test plot 1 in 1-6 planting holes, and the soil humidity monitoring data in comparative plot 2 in 1-6 planting holes, it can be seen that:

[0084] According to the increasing direction of the monitoring times, the humidity in the planting hole in comparative plot 2 is in a continuous decreasing state, and the decreasing speed is obviously higher than that in test plot 1; and compared with the data in the blank control group, it can also be seen that the 10th monitoring data is basically the same as the 10th monitoring data in the blank control group, which shows that even if the auxiliary planting device is set in the planting hole, if it is not used with the mulch, the water in the planting hole will continue to evaporate, and the evaporation speed is fast, and finally it will be equivalent to the general soil environment, without good water retention effect. Therefore, it can be shown that the auxiliary planting device needs to be used with the mulch to achieve the related effect. At the same time, it can also be shown that there is a gap between the groove 1 and the water collecting groove 7, which can make the environment in the groove 1 communicate with the external environment, facilitate the infiltration of underground water in the soil, and show that the whole auxiliary planting device will not affect the flow of water in the external soil, so that the auxiliary planting device plays an auxiliary role in the whole transplanting process, and does not affect the seedlings to absorb more water and nutrients in the soil environment after transplanting.

[0085] In Table 1, referring to the soil moisture monitoring data in the planting holes 1-6 in the test site 1, the soil moisture monitoring data in the planting holes 1-6 in the comparison site 2, the soil moisture monitoring data in the planting holes 1-6 in the comparison site 3 and the monitoring data of the test site 3 in the blank control, it can be seen that:

[0086] According to the feedback of the 10 monitoring data, the soil moisture reduction speed in the comparison site 3 is higher than that in the comparison site 2 and lower than that in the test site 1, which indicates that the method of covering the film only on the top of the planting hole cannot ensure that the soil in the planting hole has a suitable soil moisture range within a certain period of time. In the comparison site 3, the 5th monitoring data shows that the moisture content in the soil is lower than 60%. For the tree seedling varieties with poor adaptability, if water is not supplemented in time, the tree seedlings may wither due to lack of water in the critical period after transplanting, affecting the survival rate of the tree seedlings. Therefore, even if the conventional film covering is used to slow down the water loss speed, it cannot ensure that the soil after the tree seedlings are transplanted has a good water retention effect.

[0087] Of course, the conclusion indicated by the data shown in Table 2 is similar to the conclusion indicated by the data recorded in Table 1.

[0088] In summary, it is not difficult to see that in the karst peak cluster depression area where the water loss speed is fast and the soil water storage capacity is poor, the method of using the auxiliary planting device in cooperation with the film can have a more suitable soil moisture within one month after the tree seedlings are transplanted. The cooperation of the water storage cavity 6, the plurality of water guide through slots 7, the water collecting tank 8 and the film can supplement the water required by the tree seedlings planted in the trough body 1, ensuring that the soil moisture in the trough body 1 is more suitable within a certain period of time. Moreover, the gap between the trough body 1 and the water collecting tank 8 can ensure that the external rainwater can flow smoothly into the trough body 1, ensuring that the entire auxiliary planting device has the effect of internal and external communication.

[0089] II. Plant planting experiment

[0090] In the downhill position, 3 investigation areas 1 and 3 comparison areas 1 with similar soil conditions and similar plant communities were selected, and 20m x 20m investigation plots were set in the investigation area 1 and the comparison area 1. The investigation plots in the three investigation areas 1 are No. 1 investigation plot, No. 2 investigation plot and No. 3 investigation plot; the investigation plots in the No. 3 comparison area 1 are No. 4 investigation plot, No. 5 investigation plot and No. 6 investigation plot.

[0091] Among them, the types and quantities of tree seedlings planted in No. 1-6 investigation plots are shown in Table 3:

[0092] Table 3 Types and quantities of tree seedlings planted in No. 1-6 investigation plots

[0093]

[0094] The planting method of the saplings in the No. 1-3 investigation plot is as follows:

[0095] Before planting the arbor, a 50x50x50cm planting hole is excavated; before planting the shrub, a 30x30x30cm planting hole is excavated. Two kinds of auxiliary planting devices are selected, one of which is adapted to the size of the 50x50x50cm planting hole, and the distance between the groove 1 of the auxiliary planting device and the water collecting groove 8 is about 15cm; the other auxiliary planting device is adapted to the 30x30x30cm planting hole, and the distance between the groove 1 of the auxiliary planting device and the water collecting groove 8 is about 10cm.

[0096] According to the excavated planting hole, an appropriate auxiliary planting device is placed in each corresponding planting hole, then about 8-10cm of soil is added in the corresponding groove 1, then the corresponding sapling is planted in the groove 1, and the soil is covered to be flush with the ground (the top of the water collecting groove 8 is slightly higher than the ground), the top of the water collecting groove 8 is open, after pouring water, the black mulch is covered to ensure that the mulch covers the water collecting groove 8.

[0097] The planting method of the saplings in the No. 4-6 investigation plot is as follows:

[0098] Before planting the arbor, a 50x50x50cm planting hole is excavated; before planting the shrub, a 30x30x30cm planting hole is excavated. According to the excavated planting hole, about 8-10cm of soil is added in each corresponding planting hole, then the corresponding sapling is planted in the planting hole, and the soil is covered to be flush with the ground, after pouring water, the black mulch is covered.

[0099] In the middle slope position, 3 investigation areas 2 and 2 comparison areas 2 with similar soil conditions and similar plant communities are selected, and 20m x 20m investigation plots are set up in the investigation area 2 and the comparison area 2. The investigation plots in the 3 investigation areas 2 are No. 7 investigation plot, No. 8 investigation plot and No. 9 investigation plot respectively; the investigation plots in the No. 3 comparison area 2 are No. 10 investigation plot, No. 11 investigation plot and No. 12 investigation plot respectively.

[0100] Among them, the types and quantities of saplings planted in the No. 7-12 investigation plots are shown in Table 4:

[0101] Table 4 Types and quantities of saplings planted in No. 7-12 investigation plots

[0102]

[0103] The planting method of the saplings in the No. 7-9 investigation plot is as follows:

[0104] Before planting the small arbor, a 50*50*50cm planting hole is excavated; before planting the shrub, a 30*30*30cm planting hole is excavated. Two kinds of auxiliary planting devices are selected, one of which is adapted to the size of the 50*50*50cm planting hole, and the distance between the groove 1 of the auxiliary planting device and the water collecting groove 8 is about 15cm; the other is adapted to the 30*30*30cm planting hole, and the distance between the groove 1 of the auxiliary planting device and the water collecting groove 8 is about 10cm.

[0105] According to the excavated planting hole, 8-10cm of soil is added to each corresponding planting hole, then the corresponding seedling is planted in the groove 1, and the soil is covered to be flush with the ground (the upper part of the water collecting groove 8 is slightly higher than the ground), the water collecting groove 8 is set to be open at the top, after pouring water, the black mulch is covered to ensure that the mulch covers the water collecting groove 8.

[0106] The planting method of the seedlings in the 10th-12th investigation sample is as follows:

[0107] Before planting the small arbor, a 50*50*50cm planting hole is excavated; before planting the shrub, a 30*30*30cm planting hole is excavated. According to the excavated planting hole, 8-10cm of soil is added to each corresponding planting hole, then the corresponding seedling is planted in the groove 1, and the soil is covered to be flush with the ground (the upper part of the water collecting groove 8 is slightly higher than the ground), the water collecting groove 8 is set to be open at the top, after pouring water, the black mulch is covered to ensure that the mulch covers the water collecting groove 8.

[0108] Within one month after transplanting the seedlings in the 1st-12th sample, the seedlings in each sample are observed every 2 days, and the observation and statistical results are shown in Table 5.

[0109] Table 5 Growth of seedlings planted in the 1st-12th sample

[0110]

[0111]

[0112] Note: In order to further reduce the influence of excessive rainfall on the monitoring data, a transparent plastic rain shelter is pulled above each investigation sample, which only covers the rain above the investigation sample, but can ventilate, and an intercepting plate is additionally arranged around the selected investigation sample mark to avoid the problem that the experimental data is greatly deviated due to mountain rainstorm during the experiment.

[0113] After the seedlings are normally transplanted, they are ensured to be poured with water, and need to be poured with water again after 5-7 days, and then poured with water every 7-10 days to ensure the effective survival of the seedlings. During the effect verification of the present application, the seedlings are not poured with water again within one month after being poured with water during the transplanting process.

[0114] From the results recorded in Table 5, it can be seen that the saplings in the 1-3 survey plots and the saplings planted in the 7-9 survey plots basically did not show obvious water shortage symptoms within 1 month under the condition of initial thorough watering, while the saplings planted in the 4-6 survey plots and the saplings planted in the 10-12 survey plots basically had part of the saplings showing water shortage symptoms within 10-12 days, and in the 10th and 11th plots, the saplings withered after 1 month, which had obvious possibility of transplanting failure. Meanwhile, 2 saplings planted in the 12th survey plot also showed obvious water shortage and severe conditions, which can be seen that in the middle slope position with weak soil water storage capacity, water supplement for the transplanted saplings is the key, and through the auxiliary planting device provided by the present application, the water shortage symptoms of the saplings are alleviated, so that the soil in the groove 1 has a relatively suitable humidity within a certain time, which reduces the watering frequency while not affecting the growth of the saplings.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] Based on the auxiliary planting device recorded in Example 1, the present application further provides a plant community restoration method for peak-cluster depression land, which comprises (1) target land selection: selecting a peak-cluster depression land in a karst region as a target land; (2) slope position grading: according to the selected target land, the slope surface of the target land is divided into lower slope position, middle slope position and upper slope position according to length; (3) plant configuration: in the lower slope position, mixed configuration of trees, shrubs and vines is adopted; in the middle slope position, mixed configuration of small trees, shrubs and vines is adopted; in the upper slope position, mixed configuration of various vines is adopted; (4) plant planting: according to the selected plant species of different slope positions, planting is carried out according to the plant planting habit; (5) tending management: the plants after planting are managed, and the management content includes fertilization, disease and pest prevention.

[0117] Due to the characteristics of the karst peak cluster and depression area, it is several mu to several tens of mu of farmland, generally dominated by agricultural production, mainly planting food crops, and the depression to the peak slope is large, the stone desertification area is large, the soil fixation capacity is weak, the vegetation is single and the coverage is low, so the natural increase of the ecological risk resistance of the area should be adopted to avoid human activities and supplement the tree species. To this end, the target land to be restored is divided into lower slope position, middle slope position and upper slope position, which can effectively select the most suitable plant configuration according to the characteristics of each slope position, ensure that each slope position has a certain risk resistance, and enrich the species while improving the carbon fixation capacity of the whole area. Since the three slope positions are divided according to the height of the whole slope position, the soil content of the land obviously in the high position is less, so the invention adopts a variety of lianas in the upper slope position for plant configuration, the purpose is to use plants with shallower root systems for planting, which can adapt to the low soil content of the upper slope position and also survive, achieve the purpose of enriching plant populations, and avoid the upper slope position plants affecting the photosynthesis of the middle and lower slope position plants, increasing the diversity of the middle and lower slope position plants, and enriching the plant community of the middle and lower slope position; similarly, the soil content of the middle slope position is more than that of the upper slope position, which can be used to plant small trees and shrubs with slightly developed root systems, and the height of the small trees ranges from 5-9m, and the height of the shrubs ranges from 3-6m, which belong to plants with moderate height and do not block the plants planted in the lower slope position, which is beneficial to the growth of the plants planted in the lower slope position; correspondingly, the soil content of the whole area is the most in the lower slope position, which is suitable for planting trees with developed root systems, so the invention adopts mixed configuration of trees, shrubs and lianas in the lower slope position. Since the upper and middle slope positions avoid planting high plants, it is beneficial to the photosynthesis and growth of the plants planted in the lower slope position, improves the existing planting according to local conditions, ensures the diversity of the vegetation population in the whole target land, and improves the risk resistance of the whole area.

[0118] To verify the vegetation restoration effect of the plant community restoration method of the invention for the karst peak cluster and depression area, the invention verifies the effects in the selected A, B, C and D test areas. For convenience of distinction, the upper, middle and lower slope positions of the A test area are marked as: 1# upper slope position, 1# middle slope position and 1# lower slope position; the upper, middle and lower slope positions of the B test area are marked as: 2# upper slope position, 2# middle slope position and 2# lower slope position; the upper, middle and lower slope positions of the C test area are marked as: 3# upper slope position, 3# middle slope position and 3# lower slope position; and the upper, middle and lower slope positions of the D test area are marked as: 4# upper slope position, 4# middle slope position and 4# lower slope position.

[0119] Example 3

[0120] A plant community restoration method for a peak cluster and depression area, comprising the following steps:

[0121] (1) Target area selection: The A area divided above is taken as the target area in this embodiment;

[0122] (2) Slope position grading: According to the slope height, it is divided into 1# upper slope position, 1# middle slope position and 1# lower slope position from top to bottom;

[0123] (3) Plant configuration

[0124] Investigation on the vegetation distribution in the A area finds that:

[0125] The trees in the lower slope position include Cinnamomum pedunculatum, stone wood, maple, Cinnamomum pedunculatum, etc., among which, Cinnamomum pedunculatum accounts for more than 80%; the shrubs include salt bush, firethorn; the lianas include long-handle mountain leech, ivy, etc. The trees (small trees) in the middle slope position include Cinnamomum pedunculatum, pinus massoniana, hook cone, carpinus, guiyin cherry, etc.; the shrubs include salt bush, mangrove; the lianas and herbs include forked flower, qingcheng asarum, carex, gradual sharp pteridium, five-section bamboo, etc. The shrubs in the upper slope position include Cinnamomum pedunculatum, hickory, blue oak, etc.; the lianas and herbs include five-section bamboo, jiangnan selaginella, carex, qingfengteng, dog spine, etc.

[0126] The tree species in each slope position in this area are relatively single, the forest gap is large, and the overall carbon sequestration capacity is weak, therefore, combined with the screened high-carbon and high-economic tree species, the following configuration should be carried out:

[0127] The lower slope position is supplemented with trees: Quercus acutissima, Cinnamomum camphora, shrubs: Rosa davurica, Mahonia aquifolium, lianas: flying dragon blood palm, white grass, passion fruit, kudzu vine, and herbs: polygonatum, yohoh, rehmannia. In this area, the number ratio of Quercus acutissima, Cinnamomum camphora, Mahonia aquifolium and Rosa davurica seedlings is about 2:1:1:3.

[0128] The middle slope position is supplemented with trees (small trees): hickory, hovenia, firethorn, shrubs: mangrove, lianas: flying dragon blood palm, sophora, and herbs: five-section bamboo. In this area, the number ratio of hickory, mangrove, hovenia and firethorn seedlings is about 1:1:2:1.

[0129] The upper slope position is supplemented with shrubs: mangrove, lianas: wild pea, sophora, and herbs: timber hu, epimedium.

[0130] (4) Planting and tending management

[0131] 1) Seedling and seed selection: According to the above configuration, healthy and disease-free tree seedlings and shrubs with consistent size suitable for growth are selected from a regular seedling company, among which, the tree seedlings (small trees) are selected to be in the height range of 50-80 cm and the ground diameter range of 2-3 cm, and free of pests; the shrub seedlings are selected to be in the height range of 30-50 cm and the ground diameter range of 1-2 cm, and free of pests; the liana plants are mainly sown with seeds, and the dosage per mu is about 2 kg.

[0132] Planting in spring 2019, the size of the planting hole for arbor (including small arbor) is 50*50*50cm, with an interval of 4-5m; the size of the planting hole for shrub is 30*30*30cm, with an interval of 2-3m.

[0133] 2) Tree planting:

[0134] According to the size of the planting hole, two sizes of auxiliary planting devices are used, one of which is adapted to the size of the 50*50*50cm planting hole, and the distance between the groove 1 of the auxiliary planting device and the water collecting groove 8 is about 15cm; the other auxiliary planting device is adapted to the 30*30*30cm planting hole, and the distance between the groove 1 of the auxiliary planting device and the water collecting groove 8 is about 10cm.

[0135] According to the excavated planting hole, put the appropriate auxiliary planting device into each corresponding planting hole, then put 0.8-1kg compound fertilizer into the corresponding groove 1, cover 5-6cm thick soil, put the corresponding seedling into the groove 1 for planting, and cover the soil to the ground level (the top of the water collecting groove 8 is slightly higher than the ground level), the top of the water collecting groove 8 is open, after pouring water, cover 1*1m black mulch, and ensure that the mulch covers the water collecting groove 8.

[0136] Water once a month after the seedling is transplanted, and follow the routine requirements for subsequent seedling planting process, including fertilization, watering, preventing human damage, livestock trampling, replanting of dead vegetation, etc., and ring 1kg of compound fertilizer in the second year, and pay attention to disease and pest control.

[0137] Example 4

[0138] A method for restoring plant community in peak cluster depression, comprising the following steps:

[0139] (1) Target site selection: the B area divided above is selected as the target site in this example;

[0140] (2) Slope position grading: according to the height of slope, it is divided into 2# upper slope position, 2# middle slope position and 2# lower slope position from top to bottom;

[0141] (3) Plant configuration

[0142] Investigation on the vegetation distribution in the B area shows that:

[0143] The trees and shrubs in the lower slope position include kudzuvine, spiceleaf tree, Chinese sumac, stone rock maple, and broussonetia papyrifera; the vines and herbs include carex, bamboo leaf, marsh tea, milkvetch, thorny ginseng, buttercup, and so on. The trees and shrubs in the middle slope position include tung tree, Chinese sumac, spiceleaf tree, carpinus turczanovii, and white rattan; the vines and herbs include carex, nephrolepis, rubia, smallflower ginseng, and so on. The shrubs in the upper slope position include rhus semialata, hickory, and broussonetia papyrifera; the vines and herbs include common true fern, inserted bubble, ground fruit, gradual sharp fern, elephant trunk vine, and black fruit smilax.

[0144] In combination with the high carbon fixation and high economic tree species screened, the following configuration should be performed:

[0145] The trees to be supplemented in the lower slope position include largefruit litse and camphor tree; the shrubs to be supplemented include wild cherry and wild fan flower; the vines to be supplemented include flying dragon blood palm and white bamboo; and the herbs to be supplemented include fishy-smelling grass. In this region, the ratio of the number of tree seedlings of largefruit litse, camphor tree, wild cherry, and wild fan flower is about 1:1:2:1.

[0146] The small trees to be supplemented in the middle slope position include qingxiang wood, Chinese sumac, and broussonetia papyrifera; the shrub to be supplemented includes mangrove fig; the vines to be supplemented include flying dragon blood palm and kudzuvine; and the herbs to be supplemented include reyhyz and fishy-smelling grass. In this region, the ratio of the number of tree seedlings of qingxiang wood, Chinese sumac, and mangrove fig is about 1:1:1.5.

[0147] The shrubs to be supplemented in the upper slope position include robust ligustrum; the vines to be supplemented include radix foetidus and sophora; and the herbs to be supplemented include rhizoma polygonati.

[0148] (4) Planting

[0149] 1) Selection of tree seedlings and seeds: the tree seedlings screened in this embodiment are selected according to the selection criteria of tree seedlings and seeds in Embodiment 3. The vines and herbs are mainly sown with seeds, and the amount of seeds used per mu is about 2.5 kg.

[0150] 2) Planting of tree seedlings:

[0151] The tree seedlings and seeds configured are planted and sown according to the predetermined method according to the planting method in Embodiment 3.

[0152] (5) Management

[0153] The plants after planting are managed, and the management content includes fertilization and disease and pest control.

[0154] Embodiment 5

[0155] A method for restoring the plant community of a peak cluster depression, comprising the following steps:

[0156] (1) Selection of target land: the C region divided above is taken as the target land in this embodiment;

[0157] (2) Slope position classification: According to the slope height, from top to bottom, it is divided into 3# upper slope position, 3# middle slope position and 3# lower slope position;

[0158] (3) Plant configuration

[0159] Investigation on the vegetation distribution in the C area found that:

[0160] In the lower slope position, there are trees and shrubs such as tung tree, mountain rose, elm, fragrant leaf tree, and thin leaf buckthorn; vines and herbs include wormwood, Chinese arborvitae, carex, ground ivy, feverfew, thief clothes, large leaf thousand pound, bamboo, and fringed fern. In the middle slope position, there are trees and shrubs such as madder, iron, and hook tea; vines and herbs include yellow alone, gradually pointed fern, and bamboo. In the upper slope position, there are shrubs such as fire jujube and oak, and vines and herbs include cross salad and bamboo.

[0161] Combined with the high carbon sequestration and high economic tree species selected, the following configuration should be carried out:

[0162] In the lower slope position, the trees to be supplemented are Chinese dwarf cherry and paper mulberry, the shrubs to be supplemented are cherry and ten wonders, the vines to be supplemented are Chinese sweet flag and wild pea, and the herbs to be supplemented are five-section bamboo and fishy grass. In this area, the ratio of the number of seedlings of Chinese dwarf cherry, paper mulberry, cherry, and ten wonders is about 2:1.5:1:2.

[0163] In the middle slope position, the small trees to be supplemented are light skin lei wood, mountain jujube, and mountain chestnut, the shrubs to be supplemented are mangrove, the vines to be supplemented are flying dragon blood palm and kiwi, and the herbs to be supplemented are five-section bamboo and fishy grass. In this area, the ratio of the number of seedlings of light skin lei wood, mountain jujube, mountain chestnut, and mangrove is about 1:1:1:1.5.

[0164] In the upper slope position, the vines to be supplemented are radix polygoni multiflori, Chinese sweet flag, and mountain bean, and the herbs to be supplemented are radix rehmanniae and radix paeoniae.

[0165] In summary, in the lower slope position, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved high carbon sequestration mixed economic forest is mainly used, in the middle slope position, high carbon sequestration shrub and grass mixed forest with strong drought resistance is mainly used, and in the upper slope position, high carbon sequestration vine mixed planting with strong water and soil conservation capacity is mainly used. In this way, not only can the plant diversity be improved, but also the stress resistance can be enhanced.

[0166] (4) Planting

[0167] 1) Seedling and seed selection: Referring to the selection criteria for seedlings and seeds in Example 3, the seedlings selected in this example are selected. Among them, the vines and herbs are mainly seed sowing, and the amount used per mu is about 3 kg.

[0168] 2) Seedling planting:

[0169] Referring to the planting method in Example 3, the configured seedlings and seeds are planted and sown according to the predetermined method.

[0170] (5) Raising management

[0171] The plants after planting are managed, and the management content includes fertilization, disease and pest prevention.

[0172] Example 6

[0173] A method for restoring a plant community in a karst depression, comprising the following steps:

[0174] (1) Target site selection: the D region divided above is taken as the target site in the present example;

[0175] (2) Slope position grading: according to the slope height, it is divided into 4# upper slope position, 4# middle slope position and 4# lower slope position from top to bottom;

[0176] (3) Plant configuration

[0177] The vegetation distribution in the D region is investigated, and it is found that:

[0178] The trees and shrubs in the lower slope position include Broussonetia papyrifera, Mangifera indica, etc.; the lianas and herbs include Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans, Rubus pungens, Hedera helix, etc. The trees and shrubs in the middle slope position include Vitex trifolia, Lindera communis, Bambusa textilis, etc.; the lianas and herbs include Selaginella moellendorffii, Brassica rapa, Miscanthus sinensis, etc. The shrubs in the upper slope position include Rhamnus utilis, Lindera communis, etc.; the lianas and herbs include Selaginella moellendorffii, Brassica rapa, etc.

[0179] Combined with the screened high-carbon-fixing and high-economic tree species, the following configuration should be performed:

[0180] The trees in the lower slope position are supplemented with Phoebe sheareri and Carpinus caroliniana; the shrubs are supplemented with Rosa davurica and Ligustrum robustum; the lianas are supplemented with Rubus suavissimus and Imperata cylindrica; and the herbs are supplemented with Brassica rapa and Houttuynia cordata. In this region, the number ratio of the seedlings of Phoebe sheareri, Carpinus caroliniana, Rosa davurica and Ligustrum robustum is about 1.5:1.5:2:1.

[0181] The trees (small trees) in the middle slope position are supplemented with Liriodendron chinense, Humulus scandens and Castanopsis fargesii; the shrubs are supplemented with Artocarpus heterophyllus; the lianas are supplemented with Rubus suavissimus and Actinidia deliciosa; and the herbs are supplemented with Miscanthus floridulus and Houttuynia cordata. In this region, the number ratio of the seedlings of Liriodendron chinense, Humulus scandens, Castanopsis fargesii and Artocarpus heterophyllus is about 1:1:1.5:2.

[0182] The shrubs in the upper slope position are supplemented with Artocarpus heterophyllus and Ligustrum robustum; and the lianas are supplemented with Fallopia multiflorum, Imperata cylindrica and Millettia pinnata. In this region, the number ratio of the seedlings of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Ligustrum robustum is about 1:1.

[0183] (4) Planting

[0184] 1) Seedling and seed selection: the selected seedlings in the present example are selected according to the selection standard of seedlings and seeds in Example 3. The lianas and herbs are mainly sown with seeds, and the amount used per mu is about 3 kg.

[0185] 2) Tree planting:

[0186] Referring to the planting method in Example 3, the prepared trees and seeds are planted and sown according to the predetermined method.

[0187] (5) Raising and management

[0188] The plants after planting are managed, and the management content includes fertilization, disease and pest control.

[0189] Monitoring and evaluating test results

[0190] In Examples 3-6, the planting time of the trees is in the spring of 2019 (mid-March to late March), and the test monitoring and data analysis are performed about 4.5 years after the planting of the seedlings (August 2023).

[0191] Control group: all parameters before the test on the test site (including A, B, C, and D test areas) are taken as the control group;

[0192] Test group: all parameters after the test on the test site (including A, B, C, and D test areas) are taken as the test group, and the data of the test group include the trees planted during the process of verifying the effect of the auxiliary planting device.

[0193] Like the control group, the growth conditions of the plant community in different slope positions of the slope are investigated and analyzed, including species richness, height, coverage, litter carbon storage, plant carbon storage, and soil surface (0-20 cm) carbon storage, and the relevant data are shown in Tables 6, 7, and 8.

[0194] During the planting process, one tree seedling of the tree species was planted in the lower slope position (C area), and one tree seedling of the tree species was planted in the middle slope position (D area), and no dead seedlings occurred in the remaining areas after transplanting.

[0195] Table 6 Comparison of plant characteristic data between control group and test group

[0196]

[0197]

[0198] It is worth noting that the data in Table 6 does not change linearly, which is due to the different coverage of different plants on the land and the difference in carbon content.

[0199] Table 7 Comparison of carbon storage data between control group and test group

[0200]

[0201] Table 8 Comparison of economic indicators between the control group and the test group

[0202]

[0203]

[0204] Based on the analysis of Tables 6, 7, 8 and the re-planting situation during the planting process, the following conclusions are drawn:

[0205] 1. In terms of plant characteristics, the species richness, coverage and biomass of the test group have increased to varying degrees. Compared with the control group data, the species richness of the test group at the lower, middle and upper slope positions has increased by 70.00%, 66.67% and 50.00% respectively, the coverage has increased by 60.00%, 55.26% and 45.00% respectively, and the biomass has increased by 66.62%, 50.32% and 26.17% respectively. The vegetation restoration effect is obvious at different slope positions, especially at the lower slope position, indicating that the vegetation configuration method of the embodiment increases plant diversity and promotes plant growth.

[0206] 2. In terms of carbon storage, the total carbon storage and carbon sequestration capacity of the test group at each slope position are much higher than those of the control group. Compared with the control group data, the soil surface carbon storage of the test group has a small increase (20.81%-38.66%), indicating that the vegetation planting period of the embodiment is short and has a slow impact on soil carbon storage. However, the plant carbon storage and litter carbon storage at each slope position of the test group have significantly increased, with the plant carbon storage at the lower, middle and upper slope positions increasing by 116.55%, 97.26% and 78.74% respectively, and the litter carbon storage increasing by 115.90%, 96.12% and 64.79% respectively. This indicates that the configuration method of the embodiment improves plant carbon storage and litter carbon storage by increasing plant biomass and plant carbon content, achieving good results and thus improving total carbon storage. In terms of carbon sequestration capacity, the carbon sequestration capacity at each slope position of the test group has significantly increased, especially at the lower slope position, which has increased by 144.74% compared with the control group, and the middle and upper slope positions have increased by 107.00% and 76.25% respectively. This indicates that the configuration method of the test group has a high carbon sequestration effect and plays a buffering role in carbon neutralization.

[0207] 3. In terms of economic value, the economic crop yield and output value of the test group have significantly increased. Compared with the control group data, the economic crop yield of the test group at the lower, middle and upper slope positions has increased by 145.71%, 108.70% and 80.00% respectively, and the output value has increased by 131.43%, 119.57% and 86.67% respectively. This indicates that the configuration method of the embodiment increases the income source of the test area and has certain economic value.

[0208] 4、Utilize the auxiliary planting device in the application, the seedling mortality is controlled below 0.5%, basically can ignore dead seedling situation, compared with the mortality of 10% below generally, the application can greatly reduce the seedling replanting situation, except can reduce the watering frequency, also can ensure the survival rate of seedling.

[0209] In summary, compared with the control group, the vegetation restoration method of the application improves the plant species richness, coverage, biomass, soil surface carbon storage, plant carbon storage, litter carbon storage, total carbon storage, carbon sequestration capacity, crop yield and output value. It shows that the configuration method used in the application is not only beneficial to the vegetation restoration in karst region, but also increases the carbon sequestration of forest ecosystem, and to some extent, promotes the income increase of farmers and improves the economic benefits. Therefore, the application has significant effects in ecological, social and economic benefits.

[0210] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the application is not limited to the details of the above-exemplified embodiments but can be implemented in other concrete forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to embrace all changes and modifications that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims. Any reference signs in the claims should not be considered as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A method for restoring plant communities in peak-cluster depressions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Target location selection The peak-cluster depression in the karst region was selected as the target area. (2) Slope classification Based on the selected target location, the target location is divided into multiple slope positions according to the distance between the peaks and depressions; (3) Plant configuration Based on the characteristics of different slope locations, select suitable high carbon-fixing plant species for configuration; (4) Planting Planting should be carried out according to the plant species selected based on different slope locations and their planting habits. (5) Childcare and Management The management of plants after transplanting includes topdressing and prevention of diseases and pests; In step (4): Planting includes planting seedlings and sowing seeds. For sowing seeds, 2-3 kg of seeds are sown per acre of soil. Tree seedling planting includes seedling selection, planting hole digging, and planting steps; In the excavation of the planting pit, planting pits of preset specifications are excavated according to the type of seedling to be planted. Each planting pit is equipped with an auxiliary planting device. The auxiliary planting device includes a trough with an opening at the top and a drainage hole at the bottom of the trough. The trough is made of PLA material. The bottom of the outer side of the tank is provided with a groove that is recessed into the tank body. The outer side wall of the groove and the inner side wall of the tank body form a water accumulation cavity. An annular plate is provided between the outer side wall of the groove and the inner side wall of the tank body, which is flush with the bottom of the groove. Multiple water guiding holes are provided on the annular plate. The groove is located on the outer wall of the tank body, which slopes towards the inner wall of the tank body to facilitate the flow of water that has been poured into the tank body into the water collection chamber for temporary storage; the groove is located on the inner wall of the tank body, which is set to taper inward to increase the overall stability of the tank body. The inner wall of the tank is provided with multiple water guiding channels, which are arranged in a ring along the inner wall of the tank. Each water guiding channel extends outward from the opening side of the tank and communicates with the water collection channels that are spaced apart in the tank. The other end of the water guiding channel extends into the tank and communicates with the water accumulation cavity. The water guide channel has a tubular structure and is inserted vertically into the insertion hole opened in the inner wall of the tank. The upper end of the water guide channel is connected to the bottom of the water collection tank, and the height of the upper end of the water guide channel is level with or slightly lower than the height of the bottom of the water collection tank. Two positioning rings are installed on the outside of the water guide channel; one positioning ring contacts the bottom of the water collection tank, and the other positioning ring contacts the top of the tank. The positioning rings are fixed to the water guide channel, and the outer diameter of the positioning rings is larger than the inner diameter of the hole connecting the bottom of the water guide channel and the water collection tank, and is also larger than the diameter of the insertion hole, so that the distance of the positioning rings on the water guide channel is adjustable. There is a gap between the tank body and the water collection tank, allowing the environment inside the tank body to communicate with the external environment; In the planting process, after placing the auxiliary planting device in the excavated planting hole, fertilize and cover the seedling with soil in the auxiliary planting device, then place the seedling in the auxiliary planting device, cover it with soil, water it, and cover it with mulch. The mulch covers the auxiliary planting device, and the overall height of the trough is lower than the depth of the planting hole. The top of the water channel is level with the height of the planting hole.

2. The method for restoring plant communities in a peak-cluster depression according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2): Based on the distance between peaks and depressions, the slope of the target site is divided into downhill, middle, and uphill sections according to length.

3. The method for restoring plant communities in a peak-cluster depression according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (3): The downhill section uses a mixed configuration of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs; In the middle slope, a mixed configuration of small trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs is used; The uphill section uses a mixture of vines and herbs.

4. The method for restoring plant communities in a peak-cluster depression according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3): Trees include one or more of the following: *Syringa oblata*, *Quercus acutissima*, *Caragana korshinskii*, *Toona sinensis*, *Litsea cubeba*, *Cinnamomum camphora*, *Ziziphus jujuba*, *Broussonetia papyrifera*, *Vernicia fordii*, *Phoebe zhennan*, *Carpinus chinensis*, *Haloxy Shrubs include one or more of the following: Rosa laevigata, Mahonia japonica, Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum lucidum, and Pteris vittata. Herbaceous plants include one or more of the following: Miscanthus sinensis, Houttuynia cordata, Polygonatum sibiricum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Rehmannia glutinosa, Epimedium brevicornu, and Caragana korshinskii. Climbing plants include one or more of the following: Polygonum multiflorum, kudzu vine, Sophora tonkinensis, Pterocarya stenoptera, Actinidia chinensis, Imperata cylindrica, Vicia sativa, and Passionflower; Small trees include one or more of the following: sumac, firethorn, and fragrant wood.

5. The method for restoring plant communities in a peak-cluster depression according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the planting process: Apply 0.8-1.2 kg of compound fertilizer to each planting hole, cover with 5-6 cm of soil, and cover with black mulch.

Images