Fertilization method based on rice tillering dynamics and application thereof

Abstract

The application provides a fertilization method based on rice tillering dynamics and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of rice cultivation. According to the fertilizer requirement law of rice and the soil nutrient supply capacity, the application adopts a front control, middle promotion and rear supplement mode, guides fertilization through the growth and decline law of tillers, improves the ratio of ear grains to fertilizer, and can fully meet the demand of rice for nitrogen in the later growth period, thereby solving the technical problems in the prior art that the front promotion of nitrogen fertilizer can promote a large number of tillers, but the number of ears does not increase, instead, the effective tiller rate is reduced, the ear is smaller, and the maturity is reduced, and meanwhile, the application can cause the technical problems of lodging, increased pests and diseases and the like. The application achieves the technical effects of effectively improving the quality of rice population, promoting large ear formation, improving the seed setting rate of rice and greatly increasing the yield of rice.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rice cultivation, in particular to a fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rice mechanical transplanting has good characteristics of saving cost and high yield, and is the mainstream of large-scale planting of early japonica rice in the northeast of China. However, mechanical seeding generally adopts the way of sowing or strip seeding, which causes large seeding amount, poor seedling quality and long green-back period, which is not conducive to the cultivation of strong seedlings and early growth after transplanting. Large seeding amount of mechanical seeding leads to the increase of the number of sampled plants per time of the transplanting machine, thereby increasing the basic seedling number per hole. Studies have shown that the increase of the basic seedling number inhibits the tillering ability of single plant, the light and temperature competition between individuals is enhanced, the light transmittance is low, the nutrient supply per unit area is excessively dispersed, thereby reducing the dry matter accumulation of the group, and finally causing the reduction of the earing rate and the number of grains per ear, which is the main reason for the low yield contribution of single hole.

[0003] In the rice field system, the amount of nitrogen applied, the timing of nitrogen application and the proportion of nitrogen application can significantly affect the yield of rice. At present, increasing nitrogen fertilizer is one of the main ways to increase yield, and most cultivation techniques focus on applying nitrogen fertilizer during the vegetative growth period. The dominant idea is still to obtain more panicles by promoting tillering, and then to create high yield. However, the application of nitrogen fertilizer in advance will induce a large number of tillers, but the number of panicles does not increase, but on the contrary, it causes the reduction of effective tillering rate, the reduction of panicle size and the reduction of maturity, and at the same time, it will cause a series of adverse consequences such as lodging and increased pests and diseases.

[0004] Therefore, the present application is proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] One of the purposes of the present application is to provide a fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice, which can effectively improve the group quality of rice, promote the formation of large panicles, increase the seed setting rate of rice and greatly increase the yield of rice.

[0006] The second purpose of the present application is to provide an application of the fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice, which can achieve outstanding application effects.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purposes of the present application, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0008] In the first aspect, a fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice comprises the following steps:

[0009] After the rice seedlings are transplanted, when the leaf age index reaches 50-55, if the number of tillers per hole is not more than 7, immediately apply nitrogen (N) at an amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hole is more than 7, no fertilizer is applied;

[0010] Afterwards, when the leaf age index reaches 68-72, if the number of tillers per hole is not more than 25, nitrogen (N) is applied immediately at an amount of 69-73.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 20-25 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hole is between 26-30, nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 57.5-62.1 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 25-30 kg / ha after 5 days; if the number of tillers per hole is between 31-35, nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 46-50.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 20-25 kg / ha after 10 days;

[0011] Then, when the leaf age index reaches 95-98, if the number of tillers per hole is not more than 20, nitrogen (N) is applied immediately at an amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hole is more than 20, no fertilizer is applied.

[0012] Further, the fertilization method further comprises the following steps:

[0013] When the earing occurs, if the leaf color shows light and / or yellow, nitrogen (N) is applied immediately at an amount of 11.5-16.1 kg / ha; if the leaf color shows normal, no fertilizer is applied.

[0014] Further, the seedling sowing conditions comprise that the average daily temperature reaches above 5°C for at least 5 consecutive days.

[0015] Further, the seedling transplanting time is within 3-5 days before the average daily temperature reaches at least 17°C.

[0016] Further, the seedling transplanting density is between 9x4 inches and 9x6 inches (30x13 cm and 30x20 cm);

[0017] The basic seedling number per hole of the seedling transplanting is 3-4.

[0018] Further, the fertilization method further comprises the step of applying base fertilizer before harrowing after the seedbed.

[0019] Further, the nitrogen (N) application amount of the base fertilizer in ordinary plots is 18-22.5 kg / ha;

[0020] Preferably, the phosphorus (P2O5) application amount of the base fertilizer in ordinary plots is 46-57.5 kg / ha;

[0021] Preferably, the potassium (K2O) application amount of the base fertilizer in ordinary plots is 25-30 kg / ha.

[0022] Further, the nitrogen (N) application amount of the base fertilizer in grass charcoal plots is 18-22.5 kg / ha;

[0023] Preferably, the base fertilizer has a phosphorus (P2O5) application amount of 46-57.5 kg / ha in the grass carbon land;

[0024] Preferably, the base fertilizer has a potassium (K2O) application amount of 37.5-50 kg / ha in the grass carbon land.

[0025] Further, the base fertilizer has a nitrogen (N) application amount of 22.5-27.4 kg / ha in the saline-alkali land;

[0026] Preferably, the base fertilizer has a phosphorus (P2O5) application amount of 58.5-70 kg / ha in the saline-alkali land;

[0027] Preferably, the base fertilizer has a potassium (K2O) application amount of 37.5-50 kg / ha in the saline-alkali land.

[0028] Preferably, the base fertilizer has a zinc (ZnSO4) application amount of 5-6 kg / ha in the saline-alkali land.

[0029] In a second aspect, the application provides an application of the fertilization method in large-scale planting of early japonica rice.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice provided by the application adopts a front control, middle promotion and rear supplement mode according to the rice fertilizer demand law and the soil nutrient supply capacity, and guides the fertilization through the growth and decline law of tillering, thereby improving the ratio of grain to ear, fully meeting the demand of rice for nitrogen in the later growth period, and achieving the purposes of obtaining proper tillering of rice, improving the effective tillering rate, the seed setting rate, and the maturity and ear weight, and achieving the effect of large-ear yield increase.

[0032] The application of the fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice provided by the application can achieve outstanding application effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0034] According to a first aspect of the application, a fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice is provided, which comprises the following steps:

[0035] After the seedlings are transplanted, when the leaf age index reaches 50-55, if the number of tillers per hole is not more than 7, nitrogen (N) is immediately applied at an amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hole is more than 7, no fertilizer is applied;

[0036] After that, when the leaf age index reaches 68-72, if the number of tillers per hole is not more than 25, nitrogen (N) is immediately applied at an amount of 69-73.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 20-25 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hole is between 26-30, nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 57.5-62.1 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 25-30 kg / ha after 5 days; if the number of tillers per hole is between 31-35, nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 46-50.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 20-25 kg / ha after 10 days;

[0037] Then, when the leaf age index reaches 95-98, if the number of tillers per hole is not more than 20, nitrogen (N) is immediately applied at an amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hole is more than 20, no fertilizer is applied.

[0038] The fertilization method for rice provided by the present application adopts a mode of early control, middle promotion and late supplement according to the rice fertilizer demand law and the soil nutrient supply capacity, guides the fertilization through the growth and decline law of tillers, improves the ratio of spike grains to fertilizer, fully meets the demand of rice for nitrogen in the later growth period, realizes the purpose of obtaining appropriate tillers of rice, improving the effective tiller rate, the seed setting rate, and increasing the maturity and spike weight, and achieves the effect of large spike yield increase.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the fertilization method of the present application further comprises the following steps:

[0040] When the panicles emerge, if the leaf color shows lightening and / or yellowing, nitrogen (N) can be immediately applied at an amount of 11.5-16.1 kg / ha; if the leaf color shows normal, no fertilizer can be applied.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the seeding conditions of the seedlings include but are not limited to that the daily average temperature reaches above 5℃ for at least 5 consecutive days. The seeds can be soaked and germinated for 15 days before sowing to improve the soil temperature, and sowing can be performed when the daily average temperature reaches above 5℃ for 5 consecutive days; at the same time, the sowing time can be determined according to the expected transplanting time, for example, the flat disc machine can be sowed 30 days before the planned transplanting, and the pot disc seedlings can be sowed 35 days before the planned transplanting.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the time of transplanting rice seedlings can be within 3-5 days before the average daily temperature reaches at least 17℃. Rice has the characteristics of "leaf tiller growth" and "over time not to be sent", if the average temperature after transplanting does not reach the temperature required for tillering, only leaves will grow without tillering, thus missing the opportunity for low node tillering, resulting in reduced ear number, small ears and decreased maturity; early transplanting will also slow down the speed of seedling recovery under low temperature conditions, and cause excessive consumption of nutrients by the seedlings, losing the advantage of "good seedlings for half a year of grain", thus affecting yield; the best time for transplanting seedlings should be about 3-5 days before the average daily temperature reaches 17℃, which can effectively improve the yield of transplanting.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the transplanting density of the rice seedlings can be between 9x4 inches and 9x6 inches; wherein the basic seedling number per hole of the seedling transplanting can be 3-4 plants. Excessive basic seedling number per unit area is one of the reasons for excessive fertilization, large fertilizer, lodging and frequent diseases; the basic seedling number per unit area is determined by the transplanting density and the basic seedling number per hole; the transplanting density should be between 9x4 inches and 9x6 inches (30x13 cm-30x20 cm), and the yield is the highest when 3-4 plants per hole are transplanted.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the fertilization method of the present application further comprises the step of applying base fertilizer before raking the field after the field is soaked.

[0045] The best application time of base fertilizer is before raking the field after the field is soaked, and the "culprit" of lodging and "greedy green" is actually the excessive application of base fertilizer, regreening fertilizer and tillering fertilizer in the early stage, which is not much related to ear fertilizer; under the density of 9x4 inches to 9x6 inches (30x13 cm-30x20 cm), the base fertilizer can be applied according to the following fertilization amount:

[0046] Fertilizer application amount per hectare: under ordinary land (general land), nitrogen (N) is applied at 18-22.5 kg / ha, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 46-57.5 kg / ha, and potassium (K2O) is applied at 25-30 kg / ha;

[0047] Fertilizer application amount per hectare: under grass carbon, nitrogen (N) is applied at 18-22.5 kg / ha, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 46-57.5 kg / ha, and potassium (K2O) is applied at 37.5-50 kg / ha;

[0048] Fertilizer application amount per hectare: under saline-alkali soil, nitrogen (N) is applied at 22.5-27.4 kg / ha, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 58.5-70 kg / ha, potassium (K2O) is applied at 37.5-50 kg / ha, and zinc (ZnSO4) is applied at 5-6 kg / ha.

[0049] A cultivation method with rice tillering mode fertilization as the core, using the typical fertilization method of the present application, taking Jilin Province as an example, comprising the following steps:

[0050] (1) Dry-seedling and sparse sowing to cultivate strong seedlings: Select varieties with large ears, few tillers, high yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance, and the ability to mature safely in the local area; Recommended sowing amount for flat tray seedling raising: 80-100 grams of pre-germinated wet seeds per tray for 14-hole rice transplanter; 100-120 grams per tray for 16-hole rice transplanter; 3-4 seeds per hole for pot seedling raising;

[0051] (2) Timely sowing: Cover the greenhouse 15 days before sowing to increase the soil temperature, and it is recommended to soak the seeds and germinate them before sowing; sowing can be carried out when the average daily temperature reaches 5℃ or above for 5 consecutive days. At the same time, the sowing time should be determined according to the expected transplanting time; flat tray transplanting should be sown 30 days before the planned transplanting, and pot tray seedling raising should be sown 35 days before the planned transplanting; in Jilin Province, it is generally not recommended to sow before April 10; in addition, if large-scale farmers cannot complete the transplanting within 5 days, they must sow in stages every 5 days.

[0052] (3) Timely transplanting: The best time to transplant seedlings is 3 to 5 days before the average daily temperature reaches 17℃. Historical meteorological data shows that the average daily temperature in Jilin Province usually reaches 17℃ around May 23. Therefore, transplanting 3 to 5 days before this time will result in higher yields.

[0053] (4) Number of basic seedlings: The number of basic seedlings per unit area is determined by the transplanting density and the number of basic seedlings per hole; the transplanting density is between 9×4 inches and 9×6 inches (30×13cm~30×20cm), and the yield is highest when there are 3 to 4 seedlings per hole during transplanting;

[0054] (5) Fertilization method:

[0055] Base fertilizer: The optimal time to apply base fertilizer is after flooding and before harrowing. At a density of 9×4 inches to 9×6 inches (30×13cm~30×20cm), the amount of base fertilizer applied is as follows:

[0056] For general plots, apply 18–22.5 kg / ha of nitrogen (N), 46–57.5 kg / ha of phosphorus (P2O5), and 25–30 kg / ha of potassium (K2O).

[0057] For peat moss, apply 18–22.5 kg / ha of nitrogen (N), 46–57.5 kg / ha of phosphorus (P2O5), and 37.5–50 kg / ha of potassium (K2O).

[0058] For saline-alkali soil, apply 22.5–27.4 kg / ha of nitrogen (N), 58.5–70 kg / ha of phosphorus (P2O5), 37.5–50 kg / ha of potassium (K2O), and 5–6 kg / ha of zinc (ZnSO4).

[0059] Regulation fertilizer: when the leaf age index reaches 50-55 (about 55 days before the earing), generally investigate the tiller number around June 10, if the tiller number per hole is less than or equal to 7, immediately apply nitrogen (N) at the amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the tiller number per hole is more than 7, do not apply any fertilizer;

[0060] Ear fertilizer: when the leaf age index reaches 68-72 (about 35 days before the earing), generally investigate the tiller number around June 30, if the tiller number per hole is less than or equal to 25, immediately apply nitrogen (N) at the amount of 69-73.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) at the amount of 20-25 kg / ha; if the tiller number per hole is between 26-30, after 5 days (July 5), apply nitrogen (N) at the amount of 57.5-62.1 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) at the amount of 25-30 kg / ha; if the tiller number per hole is between 31-35, after 10 days (July 10), apply nitrogen (N) at the amount of 46-50.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) at the amount of 20-25 kg / ha; if the tiller number per hole is more than 35, it means that the fertilizer is not applied according to the mode, and the subsequent fertilization cannot be carried out according to the mode;

[0061] Grain fertilizer: when the leaf age index reaches 95-98 (about 15 days before the earing, the meiosis period), generally investigate the tiller number around July 15-20, if the tiller number per hole is less than or equal to 20, immediately apply nitrogen (N) at the amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the tiller number per hole is more than 20, do not apply any fertilizer;

[0062] Grain fertilizer: before and after the earing, if the leaf color is very light and / or yellow, immediately apply nitrogen (N) at the amount of 11.5-16.1 kg / ha; if the leaf color is normal, do not apply any fertilizer;

[0063] The total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare: nitrogen (N) is applied at 144.5-172.3 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 46-70 kg, and potassium (K2O) is applied at 45-75 kg; the ratio of nitrogen application in the early and late stages is about 4:9, which truly realizes the "early control, middle promotion and late supplement" of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0064] The present application cultivates strong seedlings by reducing the seeding amount, reduces the number of basic seedlings per hole, and timely sows and transplants, at the same time, according to the fertilizer demand law of rice and the soil nutrient supply capacity, adopts the early control, middle promotion and late supplement mode, guides the fertilization through the growth and decline law of tiller, improves the ear grain fertilizer ratio, fully meets the demand of nitrogen in the late growth period of rice, and achieves the technical effects of improving the population quality of rice, promoting the formation of large ear, improving the seed setting rate of rice and greatly increasing the yield of rice.

[0065] According to a second aspect of the present application, there is provided an application of the fertilization method of any one of the above in large-scale planting of early japonica rice.

[0066] The application of the fertilization method based on the tillering dynamics of rice provided by the present application can achieve outstanding application effects.

[0067] The present application will be further described by examples. Unless otherwise specified, the materials in the examples are prepared according to the existing methods or directly purchased from the market.

[0068] Example 1

[0069] A cultivation method with rice tillering mode fertilization as the core, comprising the following steps:

[0070] (1) Dry seedling and thin sowing for seedling: select varieties with large panicles, few tillers, high yield, resistance to lodging and disease, and safe maturity in the local area; recommend the sowing amount of 80-100 g of wet seeds per tray for 14-hole transplanter to promote germination, 100-120 g of wet seeds per tray for 16-hole transplanter, and 3-4 seeds per hole for pot seedling;

[0071] (2) Timely sowing: cover the shed 15 days before sowing to increase the ground temperature, and promote seed soaking and sowing; sowing can be performed when the average daily temperature reaches above 5℃ for 5 consecutive days, and the sowing time should be determined according to the expected transplanting time; sowing is performed 30 days before the planned transplanting for flat tray seedling, and 35 days before the planned transplanting for pot seedling;

[0072] (3) Timely transplanting: the best time for seedling transplanting is 3-5 days before the average daily temperature reaches 17℃;

[0073] (4) Basic seedling number: the basic seedling number per unit area is determined by the transplanting density and the basic seedling number per hole; the transplanting density is between 9×4 inches and 9×6 inches (30×13 cm-30×20 cm), and 3-4 seedlings per hole during transplanting;

[0074] (5) Fertilization mode:

[0075] Base fertilizer: the best application time of base fertilizer is before raking the field after the field is soaked, and the base fertilizer application amount is as follows under the density of 9×4 inches to 9×6 inches (30×13 cm-30×20 cm):

[0076] Generally, the application amount of nitrogen (N) is 18-22.5 kg / ha, the application amount of phosphorus (P2O5) is 46 kg / ha, and the application amount of potassium (K2O) is 25 kg / ha;

[0077] In grass and carbon soil, the application amount of nitrogen (N) is 18-22.5 kg / ha, the application amount of phosphorus (P2O5) is 46 kg / ha, and the application amount of potassium (K2O) is 37.5 kg / ha;

[0078] Under saline-alkali soil, nitrogen (N) is applied at 22.5-27.4 kg / ha, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 58.5 kg / ha, potassium (K2O) is applied at 37.5 kg / ha, and zinc (ZnSO4) is applied at 5 kg / ha;

[0079] Regulation fertilizer: when the leaf age index reaches 50-55 (about 55 days before heading), the number of tillers per hole is less than or equal to 7, then immediately apply nitrogen (N) at an amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha;

[0080] Ear fertilizer: when the leaf age index reaches 68-72 (about 35 days before heading), the number of tillers per hole is less than or equal to 25, then immediately apply nitrogen (N) at an amount of 69-73.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) at an amount of 20-25 kg / ha;

[0081] Grain preservation fertilizer: when the leaf age index reaches 95-98 (about 15 days before heading, mitosis period), the number of tillers per hole is less than or equal to 20, then immediately apply nitrogen (N) at an amount of 23-27.6 kg / ha;

[0082] Grain fertilizer: before and after heading, if the leaf color is very light and / or yellow, then immediately apply nitrogen (N) at an amount of 11.5-16.1 kg / ha;

[0083] The total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare: nitrogen (N) is applied at 144.5-172.3 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 46-70 kg, and potassium (K2O) is applied at 45-75 kg; the ratio of nitrogen application in the early and late stages is about 4:9, which truly realizes the "early control, middle promotion, and late supplement" of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] This example provides a cultivation method with rice tillering mode fertilization as the core, which is different from example 1 in that the regulation fertilizer in the fertilization mode of step (5) of this example is:

[0086] When the leaf age index reaches 50-55, the number of tillers per hole is more than 7, then no fertilizer is applied;

[0087] The total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare: nitrogen (N) is applied at 121.5-144.7 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 46-70 kg, and potassium (K2O) is applied at 45-75 kg; the ratio of nitrogen application in the early and late stages is about 4:9, which truly realizes the "early control, middle promotion, and late supplement" of nitrogen fertilizer.

[0088] The rest is the same as example 1.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] The embodiment provides a cultivation method with rice tillering mode fertilization as a core, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that, in the step (5), the ear fertilizer application in the fertilization mode is as follows:

[0091] When the leaf age index reaches 68-72 and the tiller number in each hole is between 26-30, nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 57.5-62.1 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 25-30 kg / ha after 5 days;

[0092] The total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare is that nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 133-160.8 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at an amount of 46-70 kg, and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 45-75 kg; the nitrogen application ratio of the early stage to the later stage is about 4:9, and the nitrogen fertilizer "front control, middle promotion and later supplement" is truly realized;

[0093] The rest is the same as the embodiment 1.

[0094] Embodiment 4

[0095] The embodiment provides a cultivation method with rice tillering mode fertilization as a core, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that, in the step (5), the ear fertilizer application in the fertilization mode is as follows:

[0096] When the leaf age index reaches 68-72 and the tiller number in each hole is between 26-30, nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 57.5-62.1 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 25-30 kg / ha after 5 days;

[0097] The total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare is that nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 133-160.8 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at an amount of 46-70 kg, and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 45-75 kg; the nitrogen application ratio of the early stage to the later stage is about 4:9, and the nitrogen fertilizer "front control, middle promotion and later supplement" is truly realized;

[0098] The rest is the same as the embodiment 1.

[0099] Embodiment 5

[0100] The embodiment provides a cultivation method with rice tillering mode fertilization as a core, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that, in the step (5), the ear fertilizer application in the fertilization mode is as follows:

[0101] When the leaf age index reaches 68-72 and the tiller number in each hole is between 26-30, nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 57.5-62.1 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 25-30 kg / ha after 5 days;

[0102] The total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare is that nitrogen (N) is applied at an amount of 133-160.8 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at an amount of 46-70 kg, and potassium (K2O) is applied at an amount of 45-75 kg; the nitrogen application ratio of the early stage to the later stage is about 4:9, and the nitrogen fertilizer "front control, middle promotion and later supplement" is truly realized;

[0103] The rest are the same as Example 1.

[0104] Example 6

[0105] The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in the granular fertilizer application mode of step (5) of this example:

[0106] Before and after the emergence of ears, the leaf color is normal, and no fertilizer is applied;

[0107] The total amount of fertilizer applied per hectare: nitrogen (N) is applied at 133-156.2 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) is applied at 46-70 kg, and potassium (K2O) is applied at 45-75 kg; the ratio of nitrogen application in the early and late stages is about 4:9, and the "front control, middle promotion, and late supplement" of nitrogen fertilizer is truly realized;

[0108] The rest are the same as Example 1.

[0109] Comparative Example 1

[0110] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that in the nitrogen fertilizer application mode of step (5) of this comparative example, the traditional application mode is used, which includes the following steps:

[0111] The nitrogen applied in the base fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the nitrogen in the whole growth period;

[0112] The nitrogen applied in the green-up period accounts for about 10% of the nitrogen in the whole growth period;

[0113] The nitrogen applied in the tillering period accounts for about 40% of the nitrogen in the whole growth period;

[0114] No ear fertilizer, grain retention fertilizer, and granular fertilizer are applied.

[0115] Compared with Example 1, the defects of this comparative example lie in the dominant idea of obtaining more ear number by promoting tillering, and in the growth early stage, the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application in the base fertilizer, green-up fertilizer, and tillering fertilizer (collectively referred to as basic tillering fertilizer) is too large, and no fertilizer is applied in the key period of rice young ear differentiation in the growth late stage. The nitrogen fertilizer is over-applied and over-applied in the early stage, causing nitrogen waste and loss, leading to overgrowth of the population in the vegetative growth period of rice, and causing a large number of tillers to be induced, but the ear number does not increase; the nitrogen supply is insufficient in the reproductive growth period, the ear is small, the earing rate is low, and at the same time, it will cause lodging and increase of diseases and pests.

[0116] Comparative Example 2

[0117] This comparative example provides a rice cultivation method, which differs from Example 1 in that the fertilizer application period in the fertilizer application mode of step (5) of this comparative example adopts the traditional experience mode, which includes the following steps:

[0118] The rice nitrogen fertilizer is applied only three times in the whole growth period:

[0119] First, before the rice field is raked after the rice is soaked;

[0120] Second, 3-5 days after the rice is transplanted;

[0121] Third, during the rice tillering period, before or after June 15-20, which ends the nitrogen topdressing period of the whole growth period.

[0122] Compared with Example 1, the defects of the present comparative example are that the fertilization period does not conform to the fertilizer requirement law of rice growth and development, the fertilizer application period is extremely incompatible with the key period of rice growth and development; there is no scientific and determinable basis for the fertilization period (while Example 1 of the present application dynamically determines the fertilization period based on leaf age index and tiller number), and the fertilization is blind; the rice population growth dynamics is not considered, and the population growth is insufficient or excessive, and the fertilization method and period are not adjusted (while Example 1 of the present application controls the rice population at the optimal state at all times by timely understanding the population growth through leaf age index and tiller number and guiding fertilization).

[0123] Test Example 1

[0124] In 2018, the rice cultivation method of Example 1 was applied in Jiutai District, Changchun City, Jilin Province, which could increase the yield by an average of 1558.5 kg / ha.

[0125] Test Example 2

[0126] In 2020, the rice cultivation method of Example 3 was applied in the test base of the Rice Institute of the Jilin Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gongzhuling City, Jilin Province, which could increase the yield by up to 12.3%.

[0127] Test Example 3

[0128] In 2020, the rice cultivation method of Example 6 was applied in the planting demonstration base in Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province, which could increase the yield by 11.1%.

[0129] Test Example 4

[0130] In 2023, the fertilization mode part of the rice cultivation method of Example 4 was applied in the Yitian Rice Planting Base (10 hectares) in Dausihe Town, Jilin City, Jilin Province, which could increase the yield by an average of 800 kg / ha.

[0131] Test Example 5

[0132] In 2023, the rice cultivation methods of Example 2 and Example 5 were applied in the large-scale demonstration base (area 12 hectares, soil pH 8.0, variety Jigang 830) in Gashugen Township, Zhenlai County, Jilin Province, which could increase the yield by an average of 1250 kg / ha.

[0133] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the above embodiments can be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A fertilization method based on rice tillering dynamics, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After rice seedlings are transplanted, when the leaf age index reaches 50-55, if the number of tillers per hill is no more than 7, apply nitrogen immediately at a rate of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hill is more than 7, do not apply fertilizer. Subsequently, when the leaf age index reaches 68-72, if the number of tillers per hill is no more than 25, apply nitrogen (N) at a rate of 69-73.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) at a rate of 20-25 kg / ha immediately; if the number of tillers per hill is between 26-30, apply nitrogen at a rate of 57.5-62.1 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) at a rate of 25-30 kg / ha after 5 days; if the number of tillers per hill is between 31-35, apply nitrogen at a rate of 46-50.6 kg / ha and potassium (K2O) at a rate of 20-25 kg / ha after 10 days. Then, when the leaf age index reaches 95-98, if the number of tillers per hole is no more than 20, apply nitrogen immediately at a rate of 23-27.6 kg / ha; if the number of tillers per hole is more than 20, do not apply fertilizer.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilization method also includes the following steps: If the leaves appear pale and / or yellow at the time of heading, apply nitrogen immediately at a rate of 11.5–16.1 kg / ha; if the leaves appear normal, do not apply fertilizer.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sowing conditions for the seedlings include an average daily temperature of at least 5°C for at least 5 consecutive days.

4. The fertilization method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The seedlings should be transplanted within 3 to 5 days before the average daily temperature reaches at least 17°C.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transplanting density of the seedlings is between 30×13cm and 30×20cm; The basic number of seedlings per hole for transplanting is 3 to 4.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fertilization method also includes the step of applying base fertilizer after soaking the field and before harrowing.

7. The fertilization method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The base fertilizer application rate of nitrogen (N) in ordinary plots is 18-22.5 kg / ha; The application rate of P2O5 as base fertilizer in ordinary plots is 46-57.5 kg / ha; The base fertilizer application rate of K2O in ordinary plots is 25-30 kg / ha.

8. The fertilization method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The base fertilizer application rate of nitrogen in peatland is 18-22.5 kg / ha; The base fertilizer application rate of P2O5 in peatland is 46-57.5 kg / ha; The base fertilizer application rate of K2O in peatlands is 37.5~50 kg / ha.

9. The fertilization method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The amount of nitrogen applied as base fertilizer in saline-alkali land is 22.5~27.4 kg / ha; The base fertilizer application rate of P2O5 in saline-alkali land is 58.5~70 kg / ha; The base fertilizer application rate of K2O in saline-alkali land is 37.5~50 kg / ha; The base fertilizer application rate of ZnSO4 in saline-alkali land is 5-6 kg / hectare.

10. The application of the fertilization method according to any one of claims 1-9 in the large-scale cultivation of early japonica rice.