An assistant for fattening and color improvement of eriocheir sinensis and application

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of feed additives for Chinese mitten crabs, and discloses an adjuvant for fattening and color improvement of Chinese mitten crabs, and its application. The adjuvant provided by this invention includes: 400-600 mg of concentrated traditional Chinese medicine liquid, 800-1200 mg of red phaf yeast powder, 400-600 mg of probiotic microcapsules, 400-600 mg of compound vitamins, and 8-12 g of maltodextrin. This adjuvant can effectively promote the development of crab roe and crab paste during the fattening period of Chinese mitten crabs, increasing the roe yield; it can effectively improve the antioxidant capacity and immunity of the crab body; and it can effectively improve the color of the crab roe and crab paste, making it more vibrant red. This adjuvant can be used in combination with feed during the fattening period to replace feeding with frozen fish, solving the problems of unstable sources of frozen fish, water pollution, and the easy transmission of pathogens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of feed additives for Chinese mitten crabs, specifically to an adjuvant for fattening and color improvement of Chinese mitten crabs and its application. Background Technology

[0002] A key problem currently existing in the farming of Chinese mitten crabs is the neglect of fattening. This often results in crabs that are not plump enough, lack sufficient roe and fat, and have a whitish, less vibrant color, significantly impacting both quality and profitability. Neglecting fattening is also a major factor contributing to the inconsistent quality of crabs sold. The fattening of Chinese mitten crabs involves intensively cultivating adult crabs that have just completed their final reproductive molt for about one month to produce crabs with abundant roe and fat, a bright red color, and a delicious, pollution-free flavor. Due to a lack of in-depth research on the nutrition of crabs during gonadal development, pond-farmed crabs are currently mainly fed live bait such as wild fish and snails. On the one hand, live bait usually has disadvantages such as unstable sources, water pollution, easy transmission of pathogens, inconvenience in feeding and storage, high price, and lack of specific nutrient sources. On the other hand, the unbalanced nutrition of live bait leads to problems such as poor gonadal development and precocious puberty in pond-farmed crabs. This seriously affects the commercial value and economic benefits of farmed crabs and restricts the healthy development of the crab farming industry.

[0003] Currently, there are products on the market specifically for fattening Chinese mitten crabs, but these mostly focus on nutritional provision or immune enhancement, with little application in improving the overall quality of adult crabs. In existing technology, CN110786429A discloses a special compound additive for fattening Chinese mitten crabs, its preparation method, and its application. The main purpose of this technology is to improve the stress resistance of crabs during the fattening period, accelerate their sexual maturity, increase their weight gain rate, and make them plump and full of roe when marketed. However, this technical solution does not mention its effect on the color of the hepatopancreas, and the direct use of astaxanthin is costly. Therefore, while increasing yield and improving quality, attention should also be paid to its economic effects and enriching its biological functions.

[0004] Pharbitis erythropoiesis (Red Pharbitis yeast) is a highly resilient and nutritious fungus. It is rich in proteins, amino acids, vitamins, and various digestive enzymes essential for aquatic animals. Furthermore, it produces carotenoids, primarily astaxanthin, which promote antibody production, enhance host immunity, and improve disease resistance. Therefore, Pharbitis erythropoiesis has high nutritional value for aquatic animals. Studies have shown that Pharbitis erythropoiesis, as a probiotic for aquatic animals, promotes growth, improves immunity, and reduces pigment deposition, potentially contributing to increased yield and improved color of Chinese mitten crab roe and crab paste.

[0005] Probiotics offer a variety of beneficial effects, but their activity can be reduced by adverse environmental factors during processing, storage, or digestion. Microencapsulation technology can effectively protect probiotics, minimizing or avoiding the impact of adverse environmental conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome existing industrial problems and provide an adjuvant for fattening and color improvement of Chinese mitten crab.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide the application of the above-mentioned adjuvant in the preparation of feed additives for Chinese mitten crabs.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] An adjuvant for fattening and color improvement of Chinese mitten crab, comprising, by weight: 400-600 mg of concentrated Chinese herbal medicine, 800-1200 mg of red phaf yeast powder, 400-600 mg of probiotic microcapsules, 400-600 mg of compound vitamins and 8-12 g of maltodextrin;

[0010] The concentrated herbal medicine solution mentioned above is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of 15-25g of pulverized Bupleurum chinense, 15-25g of Magnolia officinalis, 25-35g of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 25-35g of Crataegus pinnatifida, 25-35g of Pomegranate peel, 7-9g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and 15-25g of Citrus aurantium with cellulase, followed by ultrasonic extraction with ethanol and finally concentration.

[0011] The aforementioned Pharborg yeast powder is obtained by spray drying after cell wall disruption of Pharborg yeast (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) CICC33064.

[0012] The probiotic microcapsules are obtained by mixing Clostridium butyricum B1 and Bacillus subtilis CCAM 080032 at an effective bacterial concentration of 0.5-2:1, then mixing them with sodium alginate-trehalose and spray drying.

[0013] The preferred formulation of the above-mentioned adjuvants is: Vitamin A 40mg, Vitamin B6 160mg, Vitamin B8 (inositol) 500mg, Vitamin C 200mg and Vitamin E 100mg.

[0014] The scope of protection of this invention also includes:

[0015] Application of the above-mentioned adjuvants in the preparation of feed additives for Chinese mitten crab;

[0016] Based on the above-described application, preferably, the feed formulation is as follows, in parts by weight:

[0017] Peruvian steamed fish meal 45-55, soy protein isolate 20-30, soybean oil 2-4, fish oil 2-4, wheat starch 12-17, betaine 1-3, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3, vitamin and mineral premix 1-3, choline chloride 3-6.

[0018] More preferably, it consists of: 50g Peruvian steamed fish meal, 25g soy protein isolate, 3g soybean oil, 3g fish oil, 15g wheat starch, 2g betaine, 1g calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1g vitamin and mineral premix, and 5g choline chloride.

[0019] In the above-described applications, preferably, the adjuvant is added at 1.0-2.0% of the feed weight, more preferably at 1.25%. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0020] (1) The preparation method of this preparation uses Chinese herbal extracts, red Paffo yeast, and probiotics as raw materials to prepare Chinese mitten crab fattening aid. This preparation has relatively fewer steps and takes less time.

[0021] (2) Compared with traditional feeding of frozen fish, the method of mixing feed reduces water pollution, lowers costs, and better ensures the uniformity of adult crab quality.

[0022] (3) Adding Chinese herbal medicines can enhance the immune function of Chinese mitten crabs, improve their antioxidant properties, and promote better development of the hepatopancreas and gonads, so that the hepatopancreas can better provide nutrition for gonad development during the fattening period.

[0023] (4) Most products used during the fattening period focus on promoting development. This invention uses microorganisms rich in carotenoids to make full use of their carotenoids and provide the effect of improving color.

[0024] (5) The synergistic effect of red Paffo yeast and intestinal probiotics can improve the extraction rate and utilization rate of carotenoids;

[0025] (6) The ultrasonic extraction process has a shorter extraction time and a higher extraction rate compared to traditional extraction methods;

[0026] (7) The method of adding red Paffo yeast cells with broken cell walls has a better effect on the liver and pancreas than adding it directly. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 The state and color of crab roe obtained after feeding for different times in Example 2;

[0028] Where: AC represents the state and color of the crab roe after 7 days of feeding;

[0029] DE represents the state and color of the crab roe after 14 days of feeding.

[0030] Figure 2 The image shows the state and color of the crab roe obtained after feeding the control supplement for 14 days in Example 3. Detailed Implementation

[0031] Unless otherwise specified, the technical solutions described in this invention are all conventional solutions in the field; unless otherwise specified, the reagents or materials described are all from commercial sources.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] An adjuvant for fattening and color improvement of Chinese mitten crabs, comprising the following preparation steps:

[0034] (1) Take 20g of Bupleurum chinense, 20g of Magnolia officinalis, 30g of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 30g of Crataegus pinnatifida, 30g of Pomegranate peel, 8g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and 20g of Citrus aurantium. Dry them in a dryer at 75℃ for 2 hours. Then, pulverize them with a pulverizer until they can pass through an 80-mesh sieve. Place the sieved powder in a cellulase solution at 45℃, pH 5.0, and mass-volume ratio of 0.3%. After enzymatic hydrolysis for 60 minutes, dry the hydrolysate and place it in 7.9L of 60% ethanol solution. Perform ultrasonic extraction for 30 minutes under ultrasonic power of 400W. Extract twice to obtain the herbal extract. Then filter the extract with a filter press and concentrate it under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated medicinal liquid.

[0035] (2) Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous CICC 33064 was inoculated onto YPD liquid medium and cultured in a shaker at 30°C and 200 rpm for 48 h. The culture medium was then transferred to a 50 ml centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was removed, and an equal volume of pre-cooled physiological saline was added. The centrifugation was repeated, and the supernatant was removed to obtain Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous cells. Physiological saline was then added to prepare a solution with a concentration of 1×10⁻⁶. 10 A bacterial suspension of cfu / mL was ultrasonically broken for 20 min to obtain a cell-wall-broken bacterial suspension, which was then spray-dried to obtain cell-wall-broken Pharfoays yeast powder.

[0036] (3) The concentration is 1×10 10100 ml each of Clostridium butyricum B1 CGMCC No. 4845 (CN106417170B) and Bacillus subtilis (CCAM 080032, CN104387136A) were mixed, and sodium alginate-trehalose with a final concentration of 2% was added as a wall material and mixed. The air flow rate was 300 L / h, the feed flow rate was 0.4 L / h, the inlet air temperature was 120℃, the outlet air temperature was 60℃, and the carrier gas pressure was 0.1 MPa. The mixture was spray-dried to obtain trehalose probiotic microcapsules.

[0037] (4) Mix 40mg of vitamin A, 160mg of vitamin B6, 500mg of vitamin B8 (inositol), 200mg of vitamin C and 100mg of vitamin E evenly to obtain 1g of complex vitamins;

[0038] (5) Take 500mg of concentrated Chinese herbal medicine, 1000mg of red phaf yeast powder, 500mg of probiotic microcapsules, 500mg of compound vitamins and 10g of maltodextrin from the above steps and mix them to prepare 12.5g of adjuvant. This adjuvant can be mixed with 1kg of feed, that is, every 500g of adjuvant can be mixed with 40kg of feed.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] Application of an adjuvant for fattening and color improvement of Chinese mitten crab as a feed additive:

[0041] Experimental Setup: This experiment was conducted in mid-September during the fattening stage of Chinese mitten crabs. Cylindrical rearing tanks with a capacity of 500L were used as the experimental site. Three experimental groups were set up: a regular feed group, a frozen fish group, and a mixed feed group (500g of additive added to every 40kg of feed). Each group had three replicates. Ten Chinese mitten crabs with an average weight of 150g were placed in each tank. Feeding was done once daily in the afternoon, with a daily feed amount equal to 3% of the crab's body weight. Feeding was continued for 14 days, and samples were taken on days 7 and 14, with three crabs sampled from each tank each time.

[0042] The basal feed used in both the normal group and the mixed-feed group was a self-made extruded feed with a crude protein content of 46% and a fat content of 10%, and the specific formula is as follows:

[0043]

[0044] Crab roe yield = (weight of crab roe / yellow) / weight of crab * 100

[0045] The results are shown in the table below. Figure 1 As shown, from Figure 1As can be seen from the results: after 7 days of feeding with the additive, the colors of the crab roe (yellow) in the ordinary feed group, the frozen fish group, and the additive group are shown as A, B, and C, respectively. The effect on the color of the crab roe (yellow) is not obvious within 7 days. After 14 days of feeding with the additive, the colors of the crab roe (yellow) in the ordinary feed group, the frozen fish group, and the additive group are shown as D, E, and F, respectively. It can be seen that after 14 days of feeding with the additive, the color of the crab roe (yellow) has changed significantly, from the original dark yellow to a bright orange-red, thus achieving the purpose of improving the color.

[0046] Results after 7 days of feeding

[0047]

[0048] Results after 14 days of feeding

[0049]

[0050] As can be seen from the table above, the rate of no roe production did not change significantly after 7 days of feeding, but the rate of roe production in the feeding group showed an upward trend; after 14 days of feeding, the roe production rate in the feeding group increased significantly (P<0.05), indicating that feeding this adjuvant for a certain period of time can effectively improve the roe production rate of Chinese mitten crab.

[0051] Example 3:

[0052] The effects of Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus subtilis on the efficacy of adjuvants:

[0053] Due to the unique intestinal structure of crabs, the applicant found that not all probiotics exhibited the effects described in Example 2. The following comparative example illustrates this:

[0054] In Example 1, Clostridium butyricum B1 was replaced with Clostridium butyricum M1 (He Guangsheng, Fu Biao, Xu Shi, et al. Comparative study on the probiotic characteristics of two Clostridium butyricum strains [J]. Journal of Hubei Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 40(01):10-14.).

[0055] Bacillus subtilis (CCAM 080032, CN104387136A) was replaced with Bacillus subtilis P1 (Shi Hui, Zhao Shumiao, Liang Yunxiang. Screening and fermentation conditions of Bacillus subtilis that degrades soybean antigen protein [J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2011, 50(10):1969-1971.DOI:10.14088 / j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2011.10.054.)

[0056] The remaining preparation methods are the same as in Example 1.

[0057] The prepared control adjuvant was fed to the control group as described in Example 2. Samples were taken after a 14-day culture period and compared with those from the control group in Example 2 (i.e., the control group fed with the control adjuvant). Figure 1 The color of the crab roe (yellow) was compared with that of the group fed with the additive in Example 2. After being mixed with the additive in this embodiment, the color difference was not significant. Compared to the ordinary feed group and the frozen fish group in Example 2, it achieved the purpose of changing the color, but the roe yield was 10.92 ± 0.50%. Figure 2 The feed content was less than that of the two mixed feed groups in Example 2, and not significantly different from the conventional feed group and the chilled feed group.

Claims

1. An adjuvant for fattening and color improvement of Chinese mitten crabs, comprising, by weight: 400-600mg of concentrated Chinese herbal medicine, 800-1200mg of red phaf yeast powder, 400-600mg of probiotic microcapsules, 400-600mg of compound vitamins and 8-12g of maltodextrin; The concentrated herbal medicine solution mentioned above is obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of 15-25g of pulverized Bupleurum chinense, 15-25g of Magnolia officinalis, 25-35g of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 25-35g of Crataegus pinnatifida, 25-35g of Pomegranate peel, 7-9g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and 15-25g of Citrus aurantium with cellulase, followed by ultrasonic extraction with ethanol and finally concentration. The aforementioned red phlox yeast powder is obtained by spray drying after cell wall disruption of red phlox yeast (Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous) CICC 33064. The probiotic microcapsules are obtained by mixing Clostridium butyricum B1 and Bacillus subtilis CCAM 080032 at an effective bacterial concentration of 0.5-2:1, then mixing with sodium alginate-trehalose and spray drying. The preservation number of Clostridium butyricum B1 is CGMCC No. 4845.

2. The adjuvant according to claim 1, wherein the compound vitamin formula is: vitamin A 40mg, vitamin B6 160mg, vitamin B8 500mg, vitamin C 200mg and vitamin E 100mg.

3. The application of the adjuvant according to claim 1 in the preparation of feed additives for Chinese mitten crab.

4. The application according to claim 3, wherein the feed formulation is, by weight: Peruvian steamed fish meal 45-55, soy protein isolate 20-30, soybean oil 2-4, fish oil 2-4, wheat starch 12-17, betaine 1-3, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-3, vitamin and mineral premix 1-3, choline chloride 3-6.

5. The application according to claim 4, characterized in that: Peruvian steamed fish meal 50g, soy protein isolate 25g, soybean oil 3g, fish oil 3g, wheat starch 15g, betaine 2g, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1g, vitamin and mineral premix 1g, choline chloride 5g.

6. In the application according to claim 3, the additive is added at a rate of 1.0 to 2.0% of the feed weight.

7. In the application according to claim 6, the additive is added at 1.25% of the feed weight.

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