A method for improving the ornamental quality of curcuma zedoary and curcuma petiolata

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving the ornamental quality of red-stemmed zedoary and top-flowered zedoary. The method comprises the following steps: spraying the red-stemmed zedoary or the top-flowered zedoary with a solution of kaolin. The test results show that the kaolin slightly inhibits the leaf growth of the red-stemmed zedoary and the top-flowered zedoary, and significantly promotes the growth of the inflorescence. The kaolin slightly inhibits the growth of the leaf length, the leaf width, the leaf number, the plant height, the plant number and the crown width of the red-stemmed zedoary and the top-flowered zedoary, significantly promotes the length of the flower branch and the number of the flower branch, prolongs the life of the inflorescence, increases the number of the first-grade and second-grade bulbs, and increases the dry matter content of the bulbs. The 3% concentration of the kaolin has the best inhibiting effect on the leaf length, the leaf width and the plant number of the red-stemmed zedoary and the top-flowered zedoary, and has the best promoting effect on the growth of the flower branch length, the number of flowers, the number of the first-grade and second-grade bulbs and the dry weight of the bulbs.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of flowers, and particularly relates to a method for improving the ornamental quality of Curcuma rubescens Roxb. and Curcuma yunnanensis N. Liu et S. J. Chen. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards, human beings have higher requirements for environmental quality and prefer healthy diet and mild medical treatment. The Curcuma plants of Zingiberaceae are an important economic plant group. The Curcuma plants of Zingiberaceae are perennial herbs and wild flower resources with great development potential, with a height of about 0.3-1.2 m, rhizomes, and peculiar and beautiful inflorescences, which bloom generally in April-September and have a flowering period of about one month, and have high ornamental value. The Curcuma plants have various colors and beautiful plant types, and are often used for landscaping and can be sold as ornamental flowers; the rhizomes and flowering characteristics of different species of the Curcuma plants are different. The Curcuma zedoary is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in China and has a long history of use. It was first recorded in Shengwu Lun. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the Curcuma zedoary has a bitter and pungent taste, a warm nature, and is related to the liver and spleen channels, and has the effects of promoting blood flow and relieving pain, and is often used for treating blood stasis, chest pain, and food accumulation and abdominal pain.

[0003] The Curcuma zedoary in traditional Chinese medicine is derived from the dried rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria, Curcuma kwangsiensis or Curcuma wenyujin. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the Curcuma zedoary has the effects of promoting blood flow and relieving pain, and modern pharmacological studies have shown that the essential oil of the Curcuma zedoary has the effects of anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation and anti-liver toxicity; the curcumin in the Curcuma zedoary can be used for dyeing. The Curcuma zedoary is mainly produced in Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangxi and Guizhou. The germplasm resources of the Curcuma zedoary in the southwest region are rich, but the wild resources are seriously damaged, and most of the resources are rapidly decreasing, and need to be protected.

[0004] The Curcuma rubescens Roxb. is a Curcuma plant with a beautiful plant type and is often used for landscaping. The Curcuma rubescens Roxb. is originally from India and Myanmar and is often cultivated in Southeast Asia and introduced and cultivated in the southern region of China. The leaf sheath, leaf stalk and bract have bright colors and can be used for ornamental purposes in flower beds, courtyards, living rooms and balconies. The Curcuma yunnanensis N. Liu et S. J. Chen is also a Curcuma plant, and the Curcuma yunnanensis N. Liu et S. J. Chen has the effects of promoting blood flow, relieving pain and relieving pain. The Curcuma yunnanensis N. Liu et S. J. Chen is originally from Yunnan, and the inflorescence bract has bright colors and can be used for decoration in courtyards or landscaping.

[0005] The demand for Curcuma zedoary is gradually increasing in the market, but the domestic Curcuma germplasm resources are limited, and the introduction and propagation amount is less, which cannot meet the demand. Attapulgite, also known as attapulgite or attapulgite, is a kind of clay mineral with layered chain transition structure mainly composed of hydrous magnesium silicate. At present, the reports of attapulgite in the field of agriculture mainly focus on its adsorption effect on heavy metals and organic matter [8] There is no research on the effect of attapulgite on plant growth, so attapulgite is used as a reagent to study whether it can improve the flower branch and seed ball quality of Curcuma zedoary and Curcuma zedoary. If this research is successful, it will increase the new application of attapulgite in agriculture, and also improve the quality of Curcuma flower branches and seed balls, and achieve multiple goals at once. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a method for improving the ornamental quality of Curcuma zedoary and Curcuma zedoary.

[0007] The first purpose of the present application is to provide the application of attapulgite in improving the length of flower branches, the length of inflorescences, the width of inflorescences, and prolonging the life of inflorescences of Curcuma zedoary and Curcuma zedoary, so that the inflorescence develops better and the flowering period is longer; the application of attapulgite in improving the number of large seed balls of Curcuma zedoary and Curcuma zedoary; the application of attapulgite in improving the dry matter content of seed balls; the application of attapulgite in obtaining more high-quality seed balls; the application of attapulgite in promoting the reproductive growth of Curcuma zedoary and Curcuma zedoary flower branches and improving the quality of seed balls.

[0008] Preferably, the attapulgite is a 1-3% attapulgite solution by mass fraction.

[0009] Preferably, the attapulgite is a 3% attapulgite solution by mass fraction.

[0010] Preferably, the attapulgite solution is sprinkled on Curcuma zedoary or Curcuma zedoary.

[0011] Preferably, the attapulgite is a 1-3% attapulgite solution by mass fraction.

[0012] Preferably, the attapulgite is a 3% attapulgite solution by mass fraction.

[0013] Preferably, 100ml of the solution is applied to each plant once a month for plants growing in strong and consistent growth conditions.

[0014] The present application takes Curcuma rubrocostata as the test material, and studies the influence of pisolitic soil on the growth and development of Curcuma rubrocostata. The test results show that pisolitic soil has an inhibitory effect on the leaves of Curcuma rubrocostata and a promoting effect on the growth of inflorescences. Pisolitic soil can inhibit the growth of leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, plant height, plant number, and crown width of Curcuma rubrocostata, promote the growth of flower branch length, inflorescence length, and inflorescence width, increase the diameter of the bulb, increase the number of primary and secondary bulbs, reduce the number of tertiary and quaternary bulbs, increase the propagation coefficient, and increase the dry weight. Among them, the 3% concentration of pisolitic soil treatment has the best inhibitory effect on the leaf length, leaf width, and plant number of Curcuma rubrocostata, and the best growth effect on the flower branch length, flowering number, primary and secondary bulb number, bulb propagation coefficient, and bulb dry weight. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The method of the present application is further described below through specific examples.

[0016] Example 1:

[0017] 1.1 Materials

[0018] 1.1.1 Materials

[0019] The bulb of the test material is from the top flower Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma rubrocostata planted in the school Zhongcun farm last year, and the top flower Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma rubrocostata bulbs are planted in the farm of Baiyun campus on February 27, 2022. Choose relatively uniform size bulbs to plant to prevent subsequent plant growth differences and affect data collection.

[0020] 2.1.2 Test drugs and instruments

[0021] Pisolitic soil (attapulgite), beaker, glass rod, tap water, small bucket, newspaper, weighing scale, tape measure, flexible ruler, drying machine.

[0022] 1.2 Test design

[0023] 1.2.1 Material planting and management

[0024] Because the bulb is too large and the subsequent crown of the plant is large, one row is planted per ridge, and the distance between each plant is 0.5 meters. The planting depth is twice the diameter of the bulb, and the width is also twice the diameter of the bulb. Water once every 2-3 days after planting, and do not water frequently, otherwise the bulb will rot. After planting, mix a circle of substrate fertilizer around it, or mix a small amount of substrate fertilizer before planting. Too much will cause the bulb to burn and affect germination.

[0025] Fertilizer once a month, each time a little fertilizer can; because it is open planting, weeds grow faster, and spray herbicide will inhibit the growth of plants, so every month to prevent weeds to absorb the fertility away. In summer, the temperature is higher, the water vapor evaporation speed up, leading to soil water shortage, so to prevent the plant leaves curl, affect the data measurement of leaves. In May, also can use laundry powder to spray to prevent, because the larvae will eat leaves, leaves to form a defect, which will also affect the data measurement of leaves.

[0026] 1.2.2 Concave and convex earth concentration design

[0027] Design concave and convex earth concentration is 1%, 2%, 3% and ck, each treatment to select 30 plants growing conditions and growth is more consistent, each plant to pour 100 ml solution, before taking the solution to be stirred evenly, to prevent the concave and convex earth deposited in the bottom. Each month to apply once the concave and convex earth solution, time to be staggered with the time of applying fertilizer, prevent the two conflict, affect the role of concave and convex earth, bring error to the test.

[0028] 1.2.3 data measurement method and analysis method

[0029] Each time before applying concave and convex earth, the selected plants of each treatment of leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, plant number, plant height, crown width are measured once with tape or soft ruler, flower data in the flowering period every day to record, the propagation coefficient of the ball, that is, the number of ball growth, after the plant winter, carefully dug out the ball and clean, dry the water on the surface of the ball, and then measure the fresh weight and dry weight of the ball. Data measurement using measurement method.

[0030] Test data results analysis: use the data measured by the scale, electronic scale, drying machine and other instruments, data results are analyzed by excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 22. For multiple comparisons of each number, a significant level (α=0.05) is required, and Duncan's new multiple range test (DMRT method) should be used to analyze the data.

[0031] Formula: 1. Growth rate, growth rate, moisture content

[0032] For example: leaf length growth rate =

(this time leaf length data-last time leaf length data) / last time leaf length data

[0033] Leaf length growth rate = leaf length growth rate sum / total number of leaf length data

[0034] Flower branch length = flower branch length sum / total number of flower branches

[0035] Ball moisture content = (fresh weight-dry weight / fresh weight)*100%, ball moisture content = ball moisture content sum / total number of balls

[0036] 1.2.4 Overall arrangement and schedule

[0037] 1) From February 25, 2022 to February 27, 2022, preparation of test materials and planting.

[0038] 2) From the end of June 2022 to the beginning of October 2022, apply 3 times of concave and convex soil, and measure leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, flower longevity and flower length data.

[0039] 3) From the beginning of December 2022 to May 2023, dig bulbs, measure bulb data; data sorting, paper writing, and submit results.

[0040] 3. Data analysis

[0041] 2.1 Effect of concave and convex soil on leaf growth

[0042] 2.1.1 Leaf length growth rate

[0043] The first measurement was on June 23, 2022, the second measurement was on September 4, and the third measurement was on September 26. From June 23, 2022 to September 4, the leaf length growth rate of Red Handle Curcuma was between 0.5-0.8, and the growth rate of ck was the highest; among 1%, 2%, and 3%, 2% was the highest, followed by 1%, and 3% was the lowest, less than 0.6. The leaf length growth rate of Top Flowered Curcuma was between 0.4-0.6, with 1% being the highest, followed by 3%, and 2% being lower, and ck being the lowest.

[0044] In the leaf length growth rate on September 4, the leaf length of Red Handle Curcuma was in the growth stage, so 1%, 2%, and 3% had inhibitory effect on leaf length growth, with 3% having the largest inhibitory effect, and 1% and 2% being similar. The leaf length of Top Flowered Curcuma was also in the growth stage, but the concentration treatment of concave and convex soil had a promoting effect on it. The effect of 1% treatment was the best, followed by 3%, then 2%, and ck was the worst.

[0045] From September 4, 2022 to September 26, the reason for the negative number of leaf length growth rate of Red Handle Curcuma and Top Flowered Curcuma was that the old leaves withered and the new leaves became smaller, resulting in smaller data measured on September 26 than on September 4. The leaf length growth rate of Red Handle Curcuma was between -0.02-0.04, with the growth rate of ck being the lowest, showing negative growth, close to -0.02; 1%, 2%, and 3% all showed positive growth, with 3% being the highest, followed by 1%, and 2% being the lowest, less than 0.01. The leaf length growth rate of Top Flowered Curcuma was between -0.05-0.03, with 1% being the highest, with 0.03, followed by ck; 2% and 3% were both negative growth, with 3% being lower, and 2% being the lowest, close to -0.05.

[0046] From the CK treatment of R. coccinea, it can be known that R. coccinea is in the senescence stage during this period, and the concave-convex soil has an inhibitory effect on the senescence of leaf length, and the 3% treatment has the best effect. By comparing the leaf length growth rates of C. rotundus obtained on September 4 and September 26, it can be known that C. rotundus is also in the senescence stage, and the concave-convex soil has an inhibitory and promoting effect on the senescence of leaf length, and the 1% treatment has an inhibitory effect on the senescence of leaf length; the 2% and 3% treatments have a promoting effect on the senescence of leaf length, and the 2% treatment has the most obvious effect.

[0047] Table 1 Effect of different concave-convex soil treatments on leaf length growth rate of R. coccinea

[0048] deal with September 4 leaf length growth rate Leaf length growth rate on September 26 Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 0.69±0.06a 0.03±0.02a Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 0.71±0.06a 0.01±0.01a Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% 0.59±0.09a 0.03±0.05a Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 0.77±0.07a -0.02±0.03a

[0049] Note: Different letters represent the significant difference of leaf length growth rate of R. coccinea treated with different concentrations under Duncan analysis at 0.05 level

[0050] Table 2 Effect of different concave-convex soil treatments on leaf length growth rate of C. rotundus

[0051] deal with September 4 leaf length growth rate Leaf length growth rate on September 26 Curcuma zedoaria 1% 0.58±0.06a 0.03±0.02a Curcuma zedoaria 2% 0.53±0.05a -0.05±0.03a Curcuma zedoaria 3% 0.55±0.08a 0±0.01a Curcuma zedoaria ck 0.47±0.06a 0±0.02a

[0052] Note: Different letters represent the significant difference of leaf length growth rate of C. rotundus treated with different concentrations under Duncan analysis at 0.05 level

[0053] 3.1.2 Leaf width growth rate

[0054] In the leaf width growth rate obtained on September 4, the leaf width of R. coccinea is increasing, and the data obtained by treating with concave-convex soil shows that 1%, 2% and 3% all have an inhibitory effect on the growth of leaf width, and 3% has the largest effect, followed by 2%, and 1% has the smallest effect. During the leaf width growth period of R. coccinea, the higher the concentration of concave-convex soil, the greater the inhibitory effect on the growth of leaf width.

[0055] The leaf width growth rate of C. rotundus has been in negative growth on September 4, and the 3% treatment has an inhibitory effect on the growth of leaf width, and the 1% and 2% treatments have a promoting effect, and the 2% treatment is more obvious.

[0056] On September 26, R. coccinea and C. rotundus both enter the senescence stage, and the leaf width growth rate is basically decreasing. The reason why the leaf width growth rate of R. coccinea and C. rotundus is negative is that the old leaves withered and the new leaves became smaller, resulting in the data measured on September 26 being smaller than that measured on September 4. The concave-convex soil concentration treatment has a promoting effect on the leaf width growth rate of R. coccinea, and the 1% treatment has the best effect, the 2% treatment is better, and the 3% treatment has a weaker effect, so the lower the concentration of concave-convex soil, the better the promoting effect on the leaf width growth of R. coccinea.

[0057] The concentration treatment of Kaolinite also promoted the leaf width growth rate of Curcuma petiolata, and the effect of 1% was the best, 2% was better, and 3% was weaker. The lower the concentration of Kaolinite, the better the promotion effect on the leaf width growth of Curcuma petiolata.

[0058] Table 3 Effect of different Kaolinite concentrations on the leaf width growth rate of Curcuma zedoaria

[0059] deal with September 4 leaf width growth rate Leaf width growth rate on September 26 Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 0.09±0.04ab 0.01±0.02b Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 0.07±0.05ab 0.01±0.02b Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% -0.05±0.02a -0.01±0.03ab Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 0.12±0.07b -0.02±0.04ab

[0060] Note: Different letters represent the significance of differences in the leaf width growth rate of Curcuma zedoaria under different concentrations of treatment at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0061] Table 4 Effect of different Kaolinite concentrations on the leaf width growth rate of Curcuma petiolata

[0062] deal with September 4 leaf width growth rate Leaf width growth rate on September 26 Curcuma zedoaria 1% 0.01±0.03b -0.04±0.02b Curcuma zedoaria 2% 0.04±0.07b -0.05±0.03b Curcuma zedoaria 3% -0.04±0.03a -0.07±0.03b Curcuma zedoaria ck -0.03±0.02a -0.1±0.05a

[0063] Note: Different letters represent the significance of differences in the leaf width growth rate of Curcuma zedoaria under different concentrations of treatment at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0064] 2.1.3 Leaf number growth rate

[0065] On September 4, the leaf number growth rate of Curcuma zedoaria was in the growth stage, and the 3% treatment was slightly higher than the ck treatment, but the difference was not large; the second was 2%, and the lowest was 1%. When the concentration of Kaolinite was lower than 3%, the lower the concentration of Kaolinite, the more significant the inhibition of leaf number growth of Curcuma zedoaria; when the concentration was higher than 3%, it might promote the leaf number growth.

[0066] The leaf number of Curcuma petiolata was also in the growth stage, and the leaf number growth of the 3% treatment was significantly higher than that of the ck treatment, but the 1% treatment and the 2% treatment were lower than the ck, and the 1% was the lowest. When the concentration of Kaolinite was lower than 3%, the lower the concentration of Kaolinite, the more significant the inhibition of leaf number growth of Curcuma petiolata; when the concentration was equal to 3%, it promoted the leaf number growth, and when the concentration was higher than 3%, it might promote the leaf number growth.

[0067] Table 5 Effect of different Kaolinite concentrations on the leaf number growth rate of Curcuma zedoaria

[0068] deal with Leaf number growth rate in September 4 Leaf number growth rate on September 26 Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 5.15±0.58a 0.08±0.04c Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 6.15±0.57a 0.02±0.03bc Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% 9.39±1.05b -0.03±0.02abc Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 9.38±0.95b 0.06±0.06c

[0069] Note: Different letters represent the significance of differences in the leaf number growth rate of Curcuma zedoaria under different concentrations of treatment at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0070] Table 6 Effect of different Kaolinite concentrations on the leaf number growth rate of Curcuma petiolata

[0071] deal with Leaf number growth rate in September 4 Leaf number growth rate on September 26 Curcuma zedoaria 1% 4.77±0.38a -0.12±0.04a Curcuma zedoaria 2% 5.11±0.46a -0.06±0.04bc Curcuma zedoaria 3% 6.66±1.01a -0.06±0.04bc Curcuma zedoaria ck 5.27±0.43a -0.11±0.03a

[0072] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences in the leaf number growth rate of C. pedunculatum treated with different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan's analysis

[0073] 2.2 Effect of H. verticillata on plant height

[0074] From Tables 7 and 8, in the plant height growth rate on September 4, the plant height of the ck treatment of R. rubro- nucum and C. pedunculatum was growing. In the data of R. rubro- nucum, the plant height growth rate of the 2% treatment of R. rubro- nucum was the lowest, followed by the 3% treatment, then the ck treatment, and the 1% treatment was the highest. The 2% and 3% treatments inhibited the plant height growth of R. rubro- nucum, and the effect of 2% was more significant; the 1% treatment promoted the plant height growth of R. rubro- nucum.

[0075] In C. pedunculatum, the plant height growth of the ck treatment was the lowest, the 1%, 2% and 3% treatments were higher than the ck treatment, among them, the 2% treatment was the lowest, the 3% treatment was slightly higher than the 2% treatment, and the 1% treatment was significantly higher than the 3% treatment. The 1%, 2% and 3% treatments promoted the plant height growth of R. rubro- nucum, the effect of the 2% treatment was the smallest, and the effect of the 1% treatment was the most significant.

[0076] In the plant height growth rate on September 26, the plant height of the 2% treatment of R. rubro- nucum was growing, but the plant height of the ck treatment, the 1% treatment and the 3% treatment was in negative growth, among them, the negative growth of the 1% treatment was the highest, followed by the ck treatment, and the 3% treatment was the last. The reason why the plant height growth rate of R. rubro- nucum and C. pedunculatum existed negative number was that the old leaves withered and the new leaves became smaller, which led to the data measured on September 26 was smaller than that measured on September 4. The 2% and 3% treatments of H. verticillata promoted the plant height growth of R. rubro- nucum, and the promotion effect of the 2% treatment was the best, and the 1% treatment inhibited the plant height growth.

[0077] The plant height of the ck treatment of C. pedunculatum was growing, the 1% and 3% treatments were also growing, and the difference between them was not big, both were lower than the ck treatment, and the plant height of the 2% treatment was in negative growth, and the difference with the ck treatment was very big. The treatments of H. verticillata inhibited the plant height growth of C. pedunculatum, and the inhibition effect of the 2% treatment was the best.

[0078] Table 7 Effect of different treatments of H. verticillata on the plant height growth rate of R. rubro- nucum

[0079] deal with September 4 high growth rate September 26 high growth rate Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 1.11±0.14a -0.02±0.02a Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 0.80±0.10a 0.01±0.01a Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% 0.96±0.09a -0.01±0.00a Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 0.99±0.11a -0.01±0.01a

[0080] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences in the plant height of R. rubro- nucum treated with different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan's analysis

[0081] Table 8 Effect of different treatments of H. verticillata on the plant height growth rate of C. pedunculatum

[0082] deal with September 4 high growth rate September 26 high growth rate Curcuma zedoaria 1% 0.96±0.13a 0.00±0.01ab Curcuma zedoaria 2% 0.79±0.11a -0.03±0.01a Curcuma zedoaria 3% 0.81±0.10a 0.00±0.01ab Curcuma zedoaria ck 0.76±0.10a 0.01±0.01b

[0083] Note: Different letters indicate the significance of differences in plant height of Z. l. var. l. treated with different concentrations under Duncan analysis at the 0.05 level

[0084] 2.3 Effect of P. retusum on plant number

[0085] From Table 9, Table 10, and because Z. l. var. l. and Z. l. var. l. were only measured on September 4 and September 26, the plant number growth rate data is only for September 26. From September 4, 2022 to September 26, the plant number growth rate of Z. l. var. l. and Z. l. var. l. had negative numbers because some plants were wilting, and the new growth rate was slower than the wilting, resulting in the data measured on September 26 being smaller than the data measured on September 4. The plant number of Z. l. var. l. in the four treatments was increasing, with the highest in the 1% treatment, followed by the 1% treatment, then the ck treatment, and finally the 3% treatment. The 2% treatment had the best effect on promoting the growth of Z. l. var. l. plant number, the 1% treatment was slightly better, and the 3% treatment inhibited plant number growth.

[0086] Z. l. var. l. 2% treatment, 3% treatment and ck treatment were all growing, 2% treatment was higher than ck treatment, ck treatment was much higher than 3% treatment; the plant number growth rate of 1% treatment was in negative growth. The 2% treatment had a promoting effect on the plant number growth of Z. l. var. l., the 1% treatment and the 3% treatment had an inhibitory effect, and the 1% treatment was better.

[0087] Table 9 Effect of different P. retusum treatments on the plant number growth rate of Z. l. var. l.

[0088] deal with September 26th plant growth rate Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 0.02±0.02a Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 0.04±0.04a Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% 0±0.02a Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 0.01±0.06a

[0089] Note: Different letters indicate the significance of differences in plant number of Z. l. var. l. treated with different concentrations under Duncan analysis at the 0.05 level

[0090] Table 10 Effect of different P. retusum treatments on the plant number growth rate of Z. l. var. l.

[0091] deal with September 26th plant growth rate Curcuma zedoaria 1% -0.01±0.03a Curcuma zedoaria 2% 0.05±0.04a Curcuma zedoaria 3% 0±0.02a Curcuma zedoaria ck 0.04±0.04a

[0092] Note: Different letters indicate the significance of differences in plant number of Z. l. var. l. treated with different concentrations under Duncan analysis at the 0.05 level

[0093] 2.4 Effect of P. retusum on crown width

[0094] The reason for the negative crown width growth rate of R. zeylanica and C. rotundus from September 4, 2022 to September 26, 2022 is that the old leaves withered and the new leaves became smaller, resulting in the data measured on September 26 being smaller than that measured on September 4. Among the crown width (length) data on September 26, the crown width (length) of the ck treatment of R. zeylanica was increasing, while the 1%, 2%, and 3% treatments were all in negative growth, among which the 2% treatment had the most significant effect, and the effects of the 1% and 3% treatments were not much different. The concave-convex soil treatment had an inhibitory effect on R. zeylanica, and the 2% treatment had the best effect.

[0095] The crown width (length) of the four treatments of C. rotundus was in negative growth, and the negative growth of the 1% and 2% treatments was higher than that of the ck treatment, and the 3% treatment was lower than that of the ck treatment. The 1% and 2% treatments had an inhibitory effect on the crown width (length) growth of C. rotundus, and the 2% treatment had the best effect, and the 3% treatment had a promoting effect.

[0096] Among the crown width (width) data on September 26, the crown width (width) of the 3% and ck treatments of R. zeylanica was increasing, and the ck treatment was higher; the 1% and 2% treatments were in negative growth, and the 2% treatment had higher negative growth. The concave-convex soil treatment had an inhibitory effect on the crown width of R. zeylanica.

[0097] The crown width (width) of the four treatments of C. rotundus was in growth, and the 3% treatment was the highest, followed by the ck treatment, then the 2% treatment, and finally the 1% treatment. When the concentration of concave-convex soil was less than 3%, the lower the concentration, the stronger the inhibitory effect on the crown width (width) of C. rotundus.

[0098] Table 11 Effect of different concave-convex soil treatments on the crown width growth rate of R. zeylanica

[0099] deal with September 26 crown (length) growth rate September 26 crown width growth rate Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% -0.04±0.03ab 0±0.08a Red-stemmed turmeric 2% -0.1±0.05a -0.11±0.14a Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% -0.04±0.05ab 0.01±0.03a Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 0.05±0.03b 0.04±0.05a

[0100] Note: Different letters indicate the significance of the difference in the crown width of R. zeylanica treated with different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0101] Table 12 Effect of different concave-convex soil treatments on the crown width growth rate of C. rotundus

[0102] deal with September 26 crown (length) growth rate September 26 crown width growth rate Curcuma zedoaria 1% -0.04±0.03b 0.05±0.06a Curcuma zedoaria 2% -0.08±0.03a 0.06±0.08a Curcuma zedoaria 3% -0.01±0.04b 0.08±0.06a Curcuma zedoaria ck -0.04±0.04b 0.07±0.04a

[0103] Note: Different letters indicate the significance of the difference in the crown width of C. rotundus treated with different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0104] 2.5 Effect of 2.5 concave-convex soil on inflorescences

[0105] 2.5.1 Flower length and width

[0106] Due to the epidemic, the various data of the flowers of C. rotundus and C. roscoeana were only recorded to September 26, so the above data are the data from flowering to September 26. As can be seen from Tables 13 and 14, the total length of the flowers of the four treatments of C. rotundus is between 25-31 cm, and that of C. roscoeana is between 20-25 cm. The length of the flower branches of C. rotundus and C. roscoeana is regular, the flower branches of the 2% treatment and the 3% treatment are longer than those of the ck treatment, and the flower branches of the 3% treatment are the longest, but the flower branches of the 2% treatment and the 3% treatment have little difference; the flower branches of the 1% treatment have no significant difference with those of the ck treatment. The 2% treatment and the 3% treatment have a promoting effect on the length of the flower branches of C. rotundus and C. roscoeana, and the effect of the 3% treatment is better.

[0107] The length of the inflorescences of C. rotundus and C. roscoeana is between 15-20 cm, and the length of the flowers of C. roscoeana is slightly longer. The length of the inflorescences of C. rotundus of the 2% treatment is the longest, followed by that of the 3% treatment, and the length of the inflorescences of the 1% treatment has little difference with that of the ck treatment. The 2% treatment and the 3% treatment have a promoting effect on the length of the inflorescences of C. rotundus. The length of the inflorescences of C. roscoeana of the 3% treatment is the longest, followed by that of the 2% treatment, and the length of the inflorescences of the 1% treatment has little difference with that of the ck treatment. The 2% treatment and the 3% treatment have a promoting effect on the length of the inflorescences of C. roscoeana, and the effect of the 3% treatment is better; it is possible that the higher the concentration of the concave-convex soil is, the longer the inflorescences are.

[0108] The width of the flowers (i.e. the width of the inflorescences) of C. rotundus is between 8-10 cm, and the width of the flowers of C. roscoeana is between 8-11 cm, and the width of the flowers of C. roscoeana is slightly larger. The width of the flowers of C. rotundus of the 1% treatment is slightly larger than that of the ck treatment, the width of the flowers of the 2% treatment is almost equal to that of the ck treatment, and the width of the flowers of the 3% treatment is slightly lower than that of the ck treatment. When the concentration of the concave-convex soil is greater than 1%, the higher the concentration is, the smaller the width of the flowers of C. rotundus is, and the concave-convex soil has an inhibiting effect; when the concentration of the concave-convex soil is equal to 1%, the concave-convex soil has a promoting effect. The width of the flowers of C. roscoeana of the 1%, 2% and 3% treatments is larger than that of the ck treatment, the width of the flowers of the 2% treatment is the largest, followed by that of the 3% treatment, and finally that of the 1% treatment. The concave-convex soil has a promoting effect on the width of the flowers of C. roscoeana, and the effect of the 2% treatment is the best, followed by that of the 3% treatment, and finally that of the 1% treatment.

[0109] Table 13 Effect of different concave-convex soil treatments on the length and width of the flowers of C. rotundus

[0110] deal with Flower stem length / cm Inflorescence length / cm Inflorescence width / cm Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 25.34±3.00 b 16.54±1.55 b 9.66±1.28 a Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 30.18±1.80 a 17.44±0.94 a 9.16±0.47 a Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% 30.54±2.03 a 18.68±0.55 a 8.76±0.58 a Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 26.00±1.26 b 16.90±0.49 b 9.19±0.45 a

[0111] Note: Different letters represent the significant difference of the length and width of the flowers of C. rotundus of different concentration treatments at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0112] Table 14 Effect of different concave-convex soil treatments on the length and width of the flowers of C. roscoeana

[0113] deal with Flower stem length / cm Inflorescence length / cm Inflorescence width / cm Curcuma zedoaria 1% 22.69±1.19 b 17.67±0.89 a 9.90±0.86 a Curcuma zedoaria 2% 23.75±1.82 ab 17.85±1.08 a 10.85±0.40 a Curcuma zedoaria 3% 24.24±1.90 a 18.41±1.12 a 10.58±0.63 a Curcuma zedoaria ck 22.87±1.38 b 17.33±0.96 a 8.86±0.72 a

[0114] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences in the number of flowers of R. henryi at different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0115] 2.5.2 Number of flowers

[0116] On September 26, the number of flower branches of R. henryi treated with 2% and 3% of the soil was more than that of the control, and the number of flower branches of R. henryi treated with 3% was the most. The number of flower branches of R. henryi treated with 1% was slightly lower than that of the control. The higher the concentration of the soil, the more the number of flower branches of R. henryi. The number of flower branches of R. henryi treated with 3% was higher than that of the control, and the number of flower branches of R. henryi treated with 1% and 2% was slightly lower than that of the control. The treatment of 3% significantly promoted the increase of the number of flower branches of R. henryi.

[0117] Table 15 Effect of different concentrations of the soil on the number of flowers of R. henryi

[0118] deal with Number of flowering branches per plant Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 1.18±0.35b Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 1.56±0.47b Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% 2.00±0.50a Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 1.44±0.38b

[0119] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences in the number of flowers of R. henryi at different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0120] Table 16 Effect of different concentrations of the soil on the number of flowers of R. henryi

[0121] deal with Number of flowers / flowers Curcuma zedoaria 1% 0.64±0.15b Curcuma zedoaria 2% 0.55±0.28b Curcuma zedoaria 3% 1.18±0.33a Curcuma zedoaria ck 0.73±0.19b

[0122] Note: Different letters indicate significant differences in the number of flowers of R. henryi at different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0123] 2.5.3 Flowering duration

[0124] As shown in Tables 17 and 18, the flowering period of R. henryi and R. henryi treated with 3% was the best, the flowering period was longer, and the flowering period of R. henryi treated with 2% was later, but the soil treatment had a longer flower bud germination time and a shorter interval from the last flower to the absence of small flowers. The life span of R. henryi treated with 3% was the longest, and the life span of R. henryi treated with 3% was the longest. This result is good for viewing flowers, and the treatment of 3% prolongs the flowering period and increases the life span of the inflorescence, and improves the ornamental quality.

[0125] Table 17 Effect of different concentrations of the soil on the life span of the inflorescence of R. henryi

[0126] From flower bud to initial flowering / day From the beginning of bloom to full bloom / day From peak bloom to the end of the bloom / day Inflorescence lifespan / days Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 4 2 7 13 Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 4 3 12 19 Red-stemmed Turmeric 3% 4 2 16 22 Red-stemmed Turmeric ck 2 2 8 12

[0127] Table 18 Effect of different concentrations of the soil on the life span of the inflorescence of R. henryi

[0128] From flower bud to initial flowering / day From the beginning of bloom to full bloom / day From peak bloom to the end of the bloom / day Inflorescence lifespan / days Curcuma zedoaria 1% 4 2 8 14 Curcuma zedoaria 2% 3 3 8 14 Curcuma zedoaria 3% 4 2 11 17 Curcuma zedoaria ck 4 2 7 13

[0129] 2.6 Effects of P. reticulatum on seedling

[0130] 2.6.1 Number of seedling at different levels

[0131] Seedling levels were divided by diameter: first level (4-6 cm), second level (3-4 cm), third level (2-3 cm), and fourth level (below 2 cm). As shown in Table 19 and Table 20, the number of seedling of R. henryi at first level was between 3-4, and that of C. zedoary was between 2-3; the number of seedling of R. henryi at second level was between 1-2.5, and that of C. zedoary was between 0.5-2.5; the number of seedling of R. henryi at third level was between 0.5-2.5, and that of C. zedoary was between 0.5-2.5; the number of seedling of R. henryi at fourth level was between 0-1, and that of C. zedoary was between 0-1.5.

[0132] Among the seedlings of R. henryi at first level, the number of seedling in the 3% treatment was the most. Among the seedlings of C. zedoary at first level, the number of seedling in the ck treatment and the 3% treatment was the most, and there was no significant difference between the two.

[0133] Among the seedlings of R. henryi at second level, the number of seedling in the 1%, 2%, and 3% treatments was significantly higher than that in the ck treatment; among the seedlings of C. zedoary at second level, the number of seedling in the 1%, 2%, and 3% treatments was also significantly higher than that in the ck treatment. This indicated that P. reticulatum treatment could increase the yield of seedlings at second level of R. henryi and C. zedoary.

[0134] Among the seedlings of R. henryi at third and fourth levels, there was no significant difference between the treatments and the ck treatment. Among the seedlings of C. zedoary at third and fourth levels, there was no significant difference between the treatments and the ck treatment.

[0135] Table 19 Effects of different P. reticulatum treatments on the number of seedlings at different levels of R. henryi

[0136] deal with Number of first-level seed bulbs / Number of secondary seed bulbs / Number of Level 3 Seedlings / each Number of Level 4 Seedlings / each Total number of seeded bulbs / Red-stemmed Turmeric 1% 3.20±0.49 a 2.40±1.47 a 1.20±0.37 b 0.40±0.40 a 7.20±1.69 a Red-stemmed turmeric 2% 3.00±0.32 a 2.00±0.89 a 1.80±0.49 a 0.40±0.40 a 7.20±1.74 a Rhizoma zedoariae 3% 3.80±0.58 a 2.40±0.60 a 1.20 ± 0.73 ab 0.60±0.40 a 8.00±1.30 a Rhizoma zedoariae ck 3.80±0.37 a 1.40±0.60 b 2.20±1.02 a 0.60±0.24 a 8.00±0.71 a

[0137] Note: Different letters represent the significant difference in the number of seedlings at different levels of R. henryi in different concentrations of P. reticulatum treatments at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0138] Table 20 Effects of different P. reticulatum treatments on the number of seedlings at different levels of C. zedoary

[0139] Treatment Primary seed number / individual Secondary seed number / individual Tertiary seed number / individual Quaternary seed number / individual Total seed number / individual Curcuma zedoaria 1% 2.20±0.49a 1.90±0.49a 2.40±0.40a 1.40±0.51a 6.03±0.58a Curcuma zedoaria 2% 2.20±0.58a 2.20±0.49a 0.60±0.40a 1.20±0.37a 6.20±0.58a Curcuma zedoaria 3% 2.60±0.68a 2.40±0.81a 1.20±0.37a 0.40±0.40a 6.60±0.68a Curcuma zedoaria ck 2.80±0.20a 0.60±0.24a 1.80±0.66a 0.80±0.49a 6.00±0.84a

[0140] Note: Different letters represent the significant difference in the number of seedlings at different levels of C. zedoary in different concentrations of P. reticulatum treatments at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0141] 2.6.5 Dry weight of seedlings

[0142] The dry weight of R. rubro-venter in all treatments was higher than that of the control, and the highest in the 2% and 3% treatments. The same rule was found in Z. tectorium. The dry weight of R. rubro-venter and Z. tectorium increased with the addition of the concave-convex soil.

[0143] Table 21. Effects of different concave-convex soil treatments on the dry weight of R. rubro-venter bulbil

[0144] Treatment Dry weight / g Rhizoma zedoariae 1% 0.56 ± 0.02 ab Rhizoma zedoariae 2% 0.63 ± 0.03 a Rhizoma zedoariae 3% 0.62 ± 0.01 a Rhizoma zedoariae ck 0.48±0.01b

[0145] Note: Different letters indicate the significance of the difference in the dry weight and water content of R. rubro-venter treated with different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0146] Table 22. Effects of different concave-convex soil treatments on the dry weight of Z. tectorium bulbil

[0147] Treatment Dry weight / g Curcuma zedoaria 1% 0.53±0.05a Curcuma zedoaria 2% 0.55±0.03a Curcuma zedoaria 3% 0.59±0.02a Curcuma zedoaria ck 0.45±0.02b

[0148] Note: Different letters indicate the significance of the difference in the dry weight of Z. tectorium treated with different concentrations at the 0.05 level of Duncan analysis

[0149] 3. Conclusion and discussion

[0150] R. rubro-venter and Z. tectorium are ornamental plants with flowers and leaves. This experiment mainly studied the effects of concave-convex soil on R. rubro-venter and Z. tectorium and observed whether the concave-convex soil treatment was beneficial to their flowering. The results showed that the concave-convex soil had a negative effect on the leaves of R. rubro-venter and Z. tectorium and a positive effect on the flowers, which was a good influence on the flowering. The concave-convex soil inhibited the leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, plant height, plant number, and crown width of R. rubro-venter and Z. tectorium and promoted the growth of flower branch length, flower branch number, and inflorescence longevity. This result proved that the concave-convex soil could make the inflorescence develop better and the flowering period longer, increase the number of primary and secondary bulbils, reduce the number of tertiary and quaternary bulbils, obtain more high-quality bulbils, and increase the dry weight. Among them, the 3% concentration of concave-convex soil treatment had the best inhibitory effect on the leaf length, leaf width, and plant number of R. rubro-venter and Z. tectorium and the best growth effect on the flower branch length, flowering number, inflorescence longevity, primary and secondary bulbil number, and bulbil dry weight.

Claims

1. The application of concave-convex soil in increasing the number of secondary seed balls of Curcuma albifora and Curcuma petiolata, characterized in that, The secondary seed ball is 3-4 cm in diameter, and 100 ml of the attapulgite solution with 1-3% of attapulgite is sprayed on each plant once a month for 3 times from the end of June to the beginning of October.

2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attapulgite is 3% of attapulgite solution.