Cracking agent on-line recovery unit and reactive distillation column using the same

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of broken agent online recovery unit and the reaction rectifying tower of the unit of application unit, broken agent online recovery unit is suitable for gas-liquid-solid reaction in reaction rectifying tower, including: broken material receiving tray, it is located above liquid level and is set in the inner wall of reaction rectifying tower;Circulation guide rail, starting point is located above broken material receiving tray and extends along the inner wall of tower, middle section of guide rail is below liquid level, and guide rail end point is the same as starting point to form closed loop;Basket, it moves along circulation guide rail and collects broken catalyst and / or filler solid particles in liquid phase by the double-aperture screen structure arranged in basket, and basket after broken material collection returns to guide rail end point above liquid level along circulation guide rail and unloads broken material to broken material receiving tray.The application can recover broken solid particles on line and supplement equivalent fresh catalyst or filler particles on line, avoid affecting gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and reaction rate in tower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil refining and chemical technology, and in particular to an online recovery unit for pulverized agents and a reactive distillation column using the unit. Background Technology

[0002] Reactive distillation columns play a crucial role in petroleum refining and chemical production. During the reactive distillation process, multiple feed streams mix, transfer mass, and react. To accelerate mass transfer and increase the reaction rate, industrial processes often employ the addition of packing materials and catalysts.

[0003] In industrial applications, catalysts and packing materials are predominantly granular. Large quantities of catalysts and packing materials of a certain size are stacked on reactive distillation trays, enhancing mass transfer efficiency through contact with rising gas and descending liquid flows. To achieve the highest possible mass transfer efficiency and improve catalyst and packing material utilization, methods are typically employed to increase the gas-liquid-solid three-phase disturbance within the column and expand the three-phase contact area. This results in the solid catalyst and packing particles being in a state of irregular motion within the column for extended periods. During this motion, collisions between solid particles and between particles and internal components inevitably lead to breakage of catalyst or packing particles, forming smaller fragments. This breakage damages the catalyst / packing structure, causing an increase in bed pressure and a decrease in mass transfer activity. If the resulting fragments are too small, they can pass through the screen and enter lower trays, causing variations in mass transfer efficiency across trays and impacting product quality.

[0004] Currently, there are few industrially specific solutions to the problem of catalyst and packing material breakage. When changes in the mass transfer activity of catalysts or packing materials on a tray are detected, the common approach is to shut down and replace the catalyst / packing material. The main problems with this method are long start-up and shutdown times, complex operation, increased costs, and a significant impact on production efficiency. Furthermore, while some catalysts or packing materials break, others remain intact and usable; therefore, replacing the entire batch results in a waste of catalyst or packing material.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a catalyst and packing fragment recovery unit that can recover fragments in the tower without interrupting production. This would allow for the effective collection of broken solid particles, avoiding any impact on the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and reaction rate within the tower, while also ensuring uninterrupted production.

[0006] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an online recovery unit for broken solid particles and a reactive distillation column using the unit, which is suitable for gas-liquid-solid reactions. It can recover broken solid particles online and replenish an equal amount of fresh catalyst or packing particles online, thus avoiding affecting the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency and reaction rate in the column.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides an online fragment recovery unit suitable for gas-liquid-solid reactions in a reactive distillation column, comprising: a fragment receiving tray disposed on the inner wall of the reactive distillation column and above the liquid surface; a circulation guide rail whose starting point is located above the fragment receiving tray and extends along the inner wall of the column, the middle section of the guide rail being below the liquid surface, and the end point of the guide rail being the same as the starting point to form a closed loop; and a basket that moves along the circulation guide rail and collects broken catalyst and / or packing solid particles in the liquid phase through a double-aperture screen structure disposed in the basket, wherein the basket after fragment collection returns along the circulation guide rail to the end point of the guide rail above the liquid surface and unloads the fragments into the fragment receiving tray.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the basket can be designed as a double-layer structure; wherein, the upper layer is a coarse-pore screen structure, the coarse pore size is slightly smaller than the average particle size of the solid particles, and the lower layer is a fine-pore screen structure, the fine pore size is set to the minimum while allowing the liquid phase to pass through.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the bottom surface of the fine-pore screen structure can be configured as a selectively openable / closed structure.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a slider can be fixedly connected to the upper part of the basket. Under the action of the control unit outside the tower, the slider slides in the circulating guide rail, driving the basket to move from the starting point of the guide rail to the ending point of the guide rail. During the movement, the bottom surface of the fine-mesh screen structure is in a closed state. After moving to the end point, the bottom surface opens and unloads the collected fragments into the fragment receiving tray.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the bottom surface of the fine-pore screen structure can also be set as a normally closed structure.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the basket can be connected to a sliding and flipping mechanism, which is located on the side of the basket and includes: a fixed slider, one side of which is slidably connected to the circulating guide rail; a rotating shaft, one end of which is rotatably connected to the other side of the fixed slider; a turntable, which is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft and rotates with the rotating shaft; the basket is fixedly connected to the turntable; and a control unit, which is located outside the tower body, for controlling the movement of the fixed slider along the circulating guide rail and the flipping of the basket.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the control unit may include a sensor for monitoring the slider's moving speed and position.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the circulating guide rail is a double helix structure, including a spiral descending structure from the starting point of the guide rail and a spiral ascending structure from the lowest point of the guide rail. The spiral descending structure and the spiral ascending structure form a closed loop and are connected at their intersection.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the circulating guide rail as a whole can also be designed as a double wave structure.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the bottom of the crushed material receiving tray can be a concave structure, and a discharge port is provided at the corresponding position of the concave structure and is smoothly connected to the bottom of the discharge port. An outward-opening valve is provided at the discharge port.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a feed inlet is provided on the tower wall for replenishing fresh catalyst and / or packing material in an amount equal to the collected fragments. This feed inlet can be located on the opposite side of the tower wall from the discharge port.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a reactive distillation column suitable for gas-liquid-solid reactions is provided, comprising the aforementioned online fragment recovery unit, which can be installed in each tray.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, each tray of the reactive distillation column may also include a downcomer located at the axial position of the column body, the downcomer extending vertically and the bottom of which is below the liquid surface.

[0021] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, a screen for trapping solid particles can be provided at the inlet of the downcomer, and a guide plate for the buffer phase can be provided directly below the outlet.

[0022] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, vents are provided on the tray for the rising gas phase to pass through, and the rising gas phase mixes with the liquid phase accumulated above the tray in a bubbling manner.

[0023] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the basket of the online fragment recovery unit disturbs the liquid phase during movement, which is used to enhance gas-liquid mass transfer and accelerate catalytic reaction while collecting fragments.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] 1) This invention achieves uninterrupted online recovery of fragments in the reactive distillation column through an online fragment recovery unit;

[0026] 2) When the fragments are not required to be recovered, the online recovery unit of the present invention can also provide agitation in the tower, improve the three-phase disturbance of gas, liquid and solid in the tower, increase the mass transfer reaction efficiency, and maximize the utilization rate of catalyst or packing.

[0027] 3) The present invention can also quickly transform the basket in the online recycling unit of scrap into an online catalyst / packing exchange device, which can perform overall exchange of the trays;

[0028] 4) The circulation guide rails of this invention are set on the inner wall of the tower, which does not require more space and does not affect the installation and use of other internal components in the tower; the double helix circulation guide rails can make the basket run for a longer time in the liquid phase and the collection efficiency of the broken agent is higher; the double wave-shaped circulation guide rail design can avoid the guide rail crossing problem that occurs in the double helix structure, minimize the possible jamming points and safety hazards at the guide rail crossing points, make the slider move more smoothly and the operation safer;

[0029] 5) By designing the bottom of the basket to be openable and closable, the unloading of materials is more convenient and faster. When the bottom of the basket is not openable and closable, the basket can not only be controlled by the control unit to move the slider along the guide rail, but also to be controlled to flip the basket as a whole. This simplifies the structural design of the basket and improves the efficiency of crushed material collection.

[0030] 6) The online recovery unit of the present invention can collect the fragmented catalyst and replenish an equal amount of fresh catalyst and / or filler as needed, thereby maximizing the saving of catalyst usage.

[0031] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, technical features and advantages of the present invention easier to understand, one or more preferred embodiments are listed below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the reactive distillation column of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reactive distillation column of the present invention (showing the online recovery unit of the decomposed agent and the downcomer, etc.).

[0034] Figure 3 This is a front view of the internal structure of the reactive distillation column of the present invention (showing the operating status of the online recovery unit of the decomposed agent).

[0035] Figure 4 This is a side view of the internal structure of the reactive distillation column according to the present invention (showing the operating status of the online fragment recovery unit and the fragment unloading status).

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the basket structure in the first embodiment of the online recycling unit for the fragmented material of the present invention (showing the basket structure and slider position).

[0037] Figure 6-A This is a front view schematic diagram of the sliding and flipping unit in the second embodiment of the online recycling unit of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6-B This is a top view schematic diagram of the sliding and flipping unit in the second embodiment of the online recycling unit of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 7-A This is a schematic diagram of the basket descending when the sliding and flipping unit is applied in the second embodiment of the online recycling unit of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7-B This is a schematic diagram of the basket's upward movement when the sliding and flipping unit is applied in the second embodiment of the online recycling unit of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the online recycling unit for the fragments of the present invention.

[0042] Explanation of key figure labels:

[0043] 1-Reactive distillation column, 10-Tray plate, 101-Vacuum vent, 11-Scrap material discharge port, 12-Fresh agent inlet, 13-Scrap material receiving tray, 14-Circulation guide rail, 141-Downward spiral, 142-Upward spiral, 15-Frame, 150-Slider, 151-Coarse aperture screen structure, 152-Fine aperture screen structure, 1521-Bottom surface, 153-Rotating shaft, 154-Rotating disk, 16-Downcomer, 160-Guide plate, 161-Screen, 2-Sensor;

[0044] A - Intact solid particles, A1 - Fragmented particles. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0046] Unless otherwise expressly stated, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" or its variations such as "including" or "comprises" shall be understood to include the stated elements or components without excluding other elements or other components.

[0047] In this document, for ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “down,” “above,” “above,” “upper,” etc., are used to describe the relationship of one element or feature to another element or feature in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of an object in use or operation, in addition to those depicted in the figures. For example, if an object in the figure is flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” another element or feature would be oriented “above” that element or feature. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both the downward and upward orientations. An object may also have other orientations (rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial relative terms used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0048] In this document, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish two different elements or parts, and are not used to define specific positions or relative relationships. In other words, in some embodiments, the terms "first," "second," etc., can also be used interchangeably.

[0049] This invention provides a reactive distillation column 1 suitable for gas-liquid-solid mass transfer reactions. The liquid phase flows downwards through downcomers to each tray, while the gas phase enters upwards through vents in the trays and is injected into the liquid phase. This agitates the liquid phase and the solid packing and / or catalyst particles suspended in it, enhancing gas-liquid mass transfer and accelerating the gas-liquid reaction. Each tray in the reactive distillation column 1 of this invention is equipped with an online fragment recovery unit. Because solid catalyst and / or packing particles are in a state of random motion within the liquid phase of the column for extended periods, collisions between solid particles and between particles and internal components during this motion can cause breakage of the catalyst and / or packing particles, forming smaller particle fragments. To collect and remove the broken catalyst or packing particles from the column and add fresh catalyst or packing, this invention achieves uninterrupted online recovery of fragments within the reactive distillation column through the online fragment recovery unit. Furthermore, the online catalyst recovery unit of this invention can provide agitation within the tower when catalyst fragment recovery is not required, thereby increasing the three-phase disturbance of the gas-liquid-solid mixture, improving mass transfer reaction efficiency, and maximizing catalyst or packing utilization. Moreover, the basket in the online catalyst recovery unit can be quickly converted into an online catalyst / packing exchange device, enabling overall exchange of the catalyst trays.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, in addition to the conventional gas-liquid phase inlet, gas-liquid phase outlet, and tray 10, each tray of the reactive distillation column 1 of the present invention is also provided with a fragment discharge port 11 and a fresh catalyst inlet 12 for collecting fragments generated by collisions and replenishing fresh solid catalyst and / or packing. An externally opening valve (not shown in the figure) may be provided on the outside of the fragment discharge port 11 to control the discharge of broken catalyst or packing particles collected in the tray.

[0051] Further as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the reactive distillation column 1 of the present invention is suitable for gas-liquid-solid reactions and is equipped with an online fragment recovery unit, which can be installed in each tray. Each tray 10 of the reactive distillation column 1 also includes a downcomer 16 located at the center of the column body. Since the online fragment recovery unit of the present invention is arranged along the inner wall of the column, the downcomer 16 is located in the center of the tray. The downcomer 16 extends vertically from the upper tray 10 and its bottom is below the liquid surface of the tray. The inlet of the downcomer 16 of each tray is provided with a screen 161 for trapping solid particles. Preferably, but not limitingly, a guide plate 160 for buffering the liquid phase is provided directly below the outlet of the downcomer 16. The liquid phase can reduce its downward velocity and disperse to the surrounding area at the guide plate 160, which can effectively prolong the residence time of the liquid phase in the tray. The tray 10 has vents 101 for the rising gas phase to pass through, and the rising gas phase can form a bubbling mixture with the liquid phase accumulated above the tray. Simultaneously, the solid catalyst / filler particles are suspended in the liquid phase and continuously disturbed, forming a gas-liquid-solid three-phase disturbance, thereby facilitating gas-liquid mass transfer reactions. In addition to the gas-phase disturbance of the liquid phase, the basket 15 of the online catalyst recovery unit of this invention can also disturb the liquid phase during its movement, which can be used to enhance gas-liquid mass transfer and accelerate catalytic reactions while collecting the catalyst (the movement of the basket can also create a disturbance effect on the gas-liquid-solid reaction when there is no catalyst to collect).

[0052] Further as Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the online catalyst recovery unit of the present invention is applicable to gas-liquid-solid reactions in a reactive distillation column 1, and includes a fragment receiving tray 13, a circulation guide rail 14, and a basket 15. The fragment receiving tray 13 is located on the inner wall of the reactive distillation column 1 and is above the liquid surface. The circulation guide rail 14 is fixed to the inner wall of the column, with its starting point above the fragment receiving tray 13 and extending along the inner wall. The middle section of the guide rail is below the liquid surface, and the end point of the guide rail is also the starting point; that is, the guide rail is a closed-loop guide rail. The basket 15 moves along the circulation guide rail 14 and collects broken catalyst and / or packing solid particles (i.e., fragment particles A1) in the liquid phase through a dual-aperture screen structure. After collection, the basket 15 returns along the circulation guide rail 14 to the end point (i.e., the starting point) above the liquid surface and unloads the fragment particles A1 into the fragment receiving tray 13. To facilitate the collection of debris into the debris receiving tray 13 and for easy discharge, the highest point (i.e., the starting or ending point) of the circulation guide rail 14 is higher than the catalyst / packing debris discharge port 11. The lowest point of the circulation guide rail 14 is lower than the liquid surface and as close as possible to the tray, thus ensuring more thorough collection of debris.

[0053] Further as Figure 5As shown, in the first embodiment of the present invention, the basket 15 can be configured as a double-layer structure. The upper layer is a coarse-pore screen structure 151, with pores smaller than the average particle size of the solid particles, ensuring that the basket does not collect intact solid particles A. The lower layer is a fine-pore screen structure 152, with the pore size set to its minimum while allowing liquid phase passage, thus enabling the collection of fragmented particles A1 of virtually all sizes. See [link to details] for more information. Figure 5 A slider 150 is fixed to the upper part of the basket 15, and the basket 15 can move along the circulating guide rail 14 with the slider. Since the basket 15 has a semi-coarse-pore, semi-fine-pore structure, the coarse-pore structure is located above the fine-pore structure. The coarse-pore size is slightly smaller than the size of a complete catalyst / filler particle, which can isolate complete catalyst / filler particles, but allows small-sized catalyst / filler fragments after crushing to enter the basket 15. The fine-pore size is as small as possible while ensuring free flow of the liquid phase, effectively collecting the catalyst / filler fragments entering the basket. Furthermore, for convenient unloading, the bottom surface 1521 of the fine-pore screen structure is set as a selective opening and closing structure (closed when collecting fragments, open when unloading), that is, the bottom surface of the basket 15 (which is a fine-pore structure) can be rotated open along one side. The shape of the collection basket is not fixed and can be various shapes such as cube, sphere, shovel, or irregular shape.

[0054] Further as Figure 3 , 4 As shown, under the action of the external control unit (not shown in the figure), the slider 150 slides in the circulating guide rail 14, causing the basket 15 to move from the starting point of the guide rail to the ending point (that is, returning to the starting point along the closed loop guide rail). During the movement, the bottom surface 1521 of the fine-mesh screen structure 152 is in a closed state. After moving to the ending point, the control unit controls the bottom surface 1521 to open and unload the collected debris into the debris receiving tray 13. The bottom of the debris receiving tray 13 has a concave structure (see reference). Figure 3 The discharge port 11 is located at the corresponding position of the concave structure and is smoothly connected to the bottom of the discharge port 11. The lowest point of the concave surface is smoothly connected to the lowest point of the crushed material discharge port, which makes it easier to collect the crushed particles A1 of catalyst / filler discharged from the basket. The crushed material receiving tray 13 is also designed as a porous mesh structure, with the same mesh count as the fine pore structure of the basket.

[0055] The online recovery unit for broken catalysts and / or packings, using the first embodiment described above, performs the following recovery operations:

[0056] 1) As the reactive distillation process proceeds in the reactive distillation column, the catalyst and / or packing particles are broken due to collisions between particles and collisions between particles and internal components. When it is necessary to recover the broken material, the slider 150 drives the basket 15 to move along the circulation guide rail 14 under the control of the external control unit.

[0057] 2) When the basket 15 moves along the circulation guide 14 into the liquid phase, the coarse pore structure of the basket prevents the intact catalyst / filler particles from entering during the movement and collects the broken catalyst / filler particles into the basket; after the basket 15 continues to move along the circulation guide 14 and leaves the liquid phase, the collected broken particles A1 are retrieved. At the same time, the liquid and gas that entered the basket flow out from the mesh of the basket.

[0058] 3) The basket 15 continues to move along the circulating guide rail 14. When the sensor 2, located on the outer wall of the tower at the starting point of the guide rail, senses that the basket 15 has reached its highest point, the sensor sends a signal to the control unit. At this time, the control unit controls the bottom surface 1521 of the basket 15 to open (see reference). Figure 5 The collected fragments A1 fall into the fragment receiving tray 13;

[0059] 4) After unloading, the bottom of the basket is closed, the basket leaves the highest point, and continues to move along the circulation guide to re-enter the liquid phase. This process is repeated to continuously pour the fragments retrieved from the liquid phase into the fragment receiving tray. When there are enough crushed catalyst and / or packing particles in the fragment receiving tray, the fragment discharge port 11 valve is opened, and the fragments can be discharged from the reactive distillation column.

[0060] 5) As the broken catalyst / packing material inside the column is continuously discharged, the amount of new catalyst / packing material to be added is calculated based on the amount of discharged catalyst / packing material. The new agent inlet valve 12 is opened, and fresh catalyst / packing material particles can enter the reactive distillation column 1.

[0061] Further as Figure 6-A , Figure 6-B as well as Figure 7-A and Figure 7-B As shown, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the bottom surface of the fine-mesh screen structure 152 of the basket 15 is set as a normally closed structure, that is, there is no need to open the bottom surface for unloading. Correspondingly, the basket 15 is connected to a sliding and flipping mechanism, which is set on the side of the basket. The basket can not only be controlled by the control unit to move the slider along the guide rail, but also to flip the basket as a whole. The sliding and flipping mechanism includes a fixed slider 150, a rotating shaft 153, and a turntable 154. Among them, one side of the fixed slider 150 is slidably connected to the circulating guide rail 14; one end of the rotating shaft 153 is rotatably connected to the other side of the fixed slider; the turntable 154 is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft 153 and rotates with the rotating shaft; the basket 15 is fixedly connected to the turntable 154. Under the action of the control unit set outside the tower, the movement of the fixed slider 150 along the circulating guide rail 14 and the overall flipping of the basket 15 can be controlled. In this embodiment, the control unit also includes a sensor 2 for monitoring the slider's moving speed and position, which is set on the outer wall of the tower corresponding to the highest point of the guide rail.

[0062] It should be noted that the structures of the baskets differ slightly in the two aforementioned embodiments, with one allowing the basket to be flipped entirely, while the other does not. In both cases, the circulating guide rail 14 can adopt a double-helix structure, including a spiral descending structure 141 from the starting point of the guide rail and a spiral ascending structure 142 from the lowest point of the guide rail. The spiral descending structure 141 and the spiral ascending structure 142 form a closed loop, and their intersection is continuously connected (see reference). Figure 7-A and Figure 7-B ).

[0063] Regarding the shape of the circulating guide rail, the present invention also provides another embodiment, see reference. Figure 8 The circulating guide rail 14 can also be designed as a double-wave structure. This structure avoids the guide rail crossing problem that occurs with the aforementioned double-helix structure, minimizing potential jamming points and safety hazards at guide rail crossings, making the slider move more smoothly and operation safer. It should be noted that both types of flip-up and non-flip-up baskets mentioned above are applicable when using a double-wave guide rail.

[0064] Example 1

[0065] refer to Figure 2 This embodiment employs a non-rotatable basket and a double-helix structure for the circulation guide rail. In a certain reactive distillation process, the activity of the catalyst and packing gradually decreases. By controlling the slider to move the basket 15 along the circulation guide rail 14, it is observed that the amount of discharged material is very small, but the mass transfer reaction efficiency within the column is improved. This indicates that the basket 15 plays a stirring role during its movement along the guide rail, increasing the gas-liquid-solid three-phase disturbance on the trays, causing the initially decreasing mass transfer reaction rate to rebound.

[0066] As reactive distillation continues, the amount of catalyst / packing debris collected in basket 15 continuously increases. The amount of new catalyst added to the feed port 12 is calculated by calculating the amount of debris discharged from the debris discharge port 11 to ensure dynamic stability of the mass transfer reaction activity on the trays. However, after a period of time, the amount of debris discharged from the column stabilizes relatively, but the overall mass transfer reaction activity gradually decreases. This indicates that the proportion of deactivated intact catalyst / packing particles in the total intact catalyst / packing particles gradually increases. When the overall mass transfer reaction activity in the column decreases to a certain level, collecting debris through basket 15 can no longer guarantee the mass transfer reaction efficiency, requiring shutdown and catalyst replacement.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] Referring to Figure 7, this embodiment adopts a method where the basket can be flipped and the circulating guide rail has a double-helix structure. In a certain reactive distillation process, while the control unit controls the fixed slider to move the basket 15, it can also control the rotating shaft to drive the turntable and the basket 15 to rotate, thereby achieving the overall flipping of the basket.

[0069] When the empty basket 15 moves down from the highest point of the circulation guide rail 14, the turntable 154 drives the basket 15 to rotate, so that the top surface of the coarse aperture structure 151 of the basket faces forward and is perpendicular to the guide rail 14. After the basket 15 enters the liquid phase, the basket moves down along the circulation guide rail while slowly rotating, so that the top surface of the coarse aperture structure 151 gradually rises. When the basket moves to the lowest point of the circulation guide rail, the top surface of the coarse aperture structure 151 is just vertically upward. After the basket passes the lowest point of the circulation guide rail, it maintains its posture and continues to move upward. When the basket approaches the highest point of the circulation guide rail and the edge of the basket is longitudinally tangent to the scrap receiving tray 13, the basket rotates downward quickly. When it moves to the highest point of the circulation guide rail, the basket is just completely inverted, with the top surface of the coarse aperture structure 151 facing down. The collected scrap falls through the mesh of the coarse aperture structure and enters the scrap receiving tray 13. This process is repeated until there is enough broken material in the receiving tray. Then, the broken material discharge port valve 11 is opened to discharge the broken material, and fresh catalyst / filler is added from the new agent feed port according to the amount of broken material. Using this embodiment, it is not necessary to set the bottom surface of the basket to a selective opening and closing state, and the broken material can be collected dynamically by rotation, resulting in a larger single collection volume.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] refer to Figure 8 In this embodiment, the basket body is non-rotatable, and the circulation guide rail adopts a double-wave arrangement. The scrap receiving tray 13 and the scrap discharge port 11 are located below one wave crest. The basket body 15 moves up and down along the circulation guide rail 14 to enter and exit the liquid phase layer to collect scrap. At the wave crest, the openable bottom surface is opened for discharge. The rest of the structure and operation method remain unchanged. This embodiment avoids the intersection of the circulation guide rail 14, preventing potential jamming points and safety hazards at the intersection of the guide rails.

[0072] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the foregoing exemplary embodiments should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactive distillation column, characterized in that, Applicable to gas-liquid-solid reactions, including: A scrap receiving tray is provided on the inner wall of the reactive distillation column and is located above the liquid level; The circulating guide rail starts above the crushed material receiving tray and extends along the inner wall of the tower. The middle section of the guide rail is below the liquid surface, and the end point of the guide rail is the same as the starting point to form a closed loop. A basket body moves along the circulation guide rail and collects broken catalyst and / or filler solid particles in the liquid phase through a dual-pore screen structure provided in the basket body. After the fragments are collected, the basket body returns to the end point of the guide rail above the liquid surface along the circulation guide rail and unloads the fragments into the fragment receiving tray. The basket body has a double-layer structure. The upper layer is a coarse-pore screen structure with a coarse pore size smaller than the average particle size of the solid particles, and the lower layer is a fine-pore screen structure with a fine pore size set to the minimum while allowing the liquid phase to pass through.

2. The reactive distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the fine-pore screen structure is configured as a selective opening and closing structure.

3. The reactive distillation column according to claim 2, characterized in that, A slider is fixedly connected to the upper part of the basket. Under the action of the control unit outside the tower, the slider slides in the circulating guide rail, driving the basket to move from the starting point of the guide rail to the ending point of the guide rail. During the movement, the bottom surface of the fine-mesh screen structure is in a closed state. After moving to the end point, the bottom surface opens and unloads the collected fragments into the fragment receiving tray.

4. The reactive distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the fine-pore screen structure is normally closed.

5. The reactive distillation column according to claim 4, characterized in that, The basket is connected to a sliding and tilting mechanism, which is located on the side of the basket and includes: A fixed slider is slidably connected to the circulating guide rail on one side. A rotating shaft, one end of which is rotatably connected to the other side of the fixed slider; A turntable is fixedly connected to the other end of the rotating shaft and rotates with the rotating shaft; the basket is fixedly connected to the turntable. The control unit, located outside the tower body, is used to control the movement of the fixed slider along the circulating guide rail and the flipping of the basket.

6. The reactive distillation column according to claim 5, characterized in that, The control unit includes sensors for monitoring the slider's movement speed and position.

7. The reactive distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating guide rail has a double helix structure, including a spiral descending structure from the starting point of the guide rail and a spiral ascending structure from the lowest point of the guide rail. The spiral descending structure and the spiral ascending structure form a closed loop and are connected at their intersection.

8. The reactive distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating guide rail has a double wave structure.

9. The reactive distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the crushed material receiving tray is concave, and a discharge port is provided at the corresponding position of the concave structure and is smoothly connected to the bottom of the discharge port. An outward-opening valve is provided at the discharge port.

10. The reactive distillation column according to claim 9, characterized in that, The tower wall is provided with a feed inlet for replenishing fresh catalyst and / or packing in an amount equal to the collected debris. The feed inlet is located on the opposite side of the tower wall from the discharge port.

11. The reactive distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each tray of the reactive distillation column also includes a downcomer located at the center of the column body, which extends vertically and has its bottom below the liquid surface.

12. The reactive distillation column according to claim 11, characterized in that, The downcomer is equipped with a screen at the inlet for trapping solid particles, and a guide plate for buffer phase is located directly below the outlet.

13. The reactive distillation column according to claim 11, characterized in that, The tray has vents for the rising gas phase to pass through, and the rising gas phase mixes with the liquid phase accumulated above the tray in a bubbling manner.

14. The reactive distillation column according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basket disturbs the liquid phase during movement, which in turn collects fragments and enhances gas-liquid mass transfer and accelerates catalytic reactions.

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