A phosphonate amine salt friction modifier and method of making same

Abstract

The phosphonate amine salt friction modifier and the preparation method thereof are disclosed.The phosphonate amine salt friction modifier is prepared by the following steps: under the protection of nitrogen, mixing dialkyl phosphite with an accelerator, heating to the decomposition temperature of the initiator, slowly adding the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid raw materials, after the initiator and the unsaturated fatty acid are added, heat preservation reaction and real-time monitoring of the reaction progress, the reaction end is determined by the disappearance of the characteristic peak of the raw material, vacuum removal of excess dialkyl phosphite, filtration, obtaining the intermediate, neutralizing the intermediate with a fatty amine, and obtaining the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier.The prepared modifier can delay the oxidative degradation of the oil product during use, so as to improve the phosphorus retention capacity and corrosion resistance of the oil product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lubricating oil additive technology, specifically relating to phosphonate amine salt friction modifiers, and also to a method for preparing phosphonate amine salt friction modifiers. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, energy conservation and emission reduction have become the primary tasks for the automotive industry, with improving fuel economy through technological means being the most important approach. On the one hand, engine downsizing and the use of lightweight metals such as aluminum alloys and cast aluminum in engines and automotive parts can reduce vehicle weight and energy consumption. On the other hand, reducing the viscosity of engine and transmission lubricants and using functional additives can reduce energy consumption caused by friction in moving parts, thus significantly improving fuel economy. This is because 20% to 25% of the energy generated by fuel combustion in an engine is lost through friction. The classic Stribeck friction curve shows that under fluid lubrication conditions, the coefficient of friction is mainly affected by oil viscosity; under mixed and boundary lubrication conditions, the coefficient of friction is mainly determined by the functional additives contained in the oil. Therefore, reducing oil viscosity while adding functional additives that effectively reduce friction is undoubtedly the best way to improve fuel economy. Friction modifiers are substances that can form physical adsorption films, chemical adsorption films, or polymer films on friction surfaces, thereby reducing the coefficient of friction and enhancing the surface oil film, resulting in significant energy-saving and friction-reducing effects. For this reason, major oil companies and lubricant additive companies are committed to the research of friction modifiers and have developed a number of friction modifier products, which have been successfully applied in engine oils and transmission oils.

[0003] Based on chemical composition, friction modifiers are currently classified into five main categories: ① carboxylic acids and their derivatives; ② amino compounds, imides, amines and their derivatives; ③ phosphoric acid or phosphonic acid derivatives; ④ organic polymers; ⑤ organometallic compounds, such as organomolybdenum and organocopper compounds. In addition, some borate esters, colloidal polytetrafluoroethylene, and recently developed nanomaterials and graphene have also been researched and applied as friction modifiers. Among the many friction modifiers, organomolybdenum friction modifiers hold an important position due to their excellent friction-reducing properties and are widely used in engine oils. However, they are costly and contain metal elements that easily form ash and active elements such as sulfur, posing a risk of corrosion to metal parts. With the continuous advancement of additive technology, ash-free organic friction modifiers have received considerable attention in recent years, and some mature products have been developed, such as glyceryl monooleate, oleamide, glyceryl ester type Irgalube F10A, and polymer types Perfad 3000 and Perfad 3050. However, these friction modifiers have high molecular polarity, resulting in poor solubility in oils and a tendency to cause a hazy appearance. Furthermore, they compete with other types of functional additives for adsorption, making it difficult to balance the overall performance of the formulation. Therefore, research on organic friction modifiers in the lubrication and friction fields continues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first objective of this invention is to provide a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier that can delay its oxidative degradation during oil use, thereby improving the phosphorus retention capacity and corrosion resistance of the oil.

[0005] A second objective of this invention is to provide a method for preparing phosphonate amine salt friction modifiers.

[0006] The first technical solution adopted in this invention is a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier, the structure of which is as follows:

[0007]

[0008] In formula (Ⅰ), R1 and R2 are the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C1 to C18; R3 is

[0009] H or C1 to C9 alkyl; R′, R″, R″′ are the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups of H or C8 to C22, and R′, R″, R″′ cannot be H at the same time, and n is an integer from 1 to 9.

[0010] The second technical solution adopted in this invention is a method for preparing phosphonate amine salt friction modifiers, specifically implemented according to the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Under inert gas protection, dialkyl phosphite and accelerator are mixed in a reactor and heated to the decomposition temperature required by the initiator. The initiator and unsaturated fatty acid are slowly added. During the addition of the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid, the reaction temperature is always maintained at the decomposition temperature of the initiator at 1 hour half-life. After the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid have been added, the reaction is continued for 6 to 9 hours. Samples are taken for gas chromatography or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reaction endpoint is defined as the disappearance of the characteristic peak of the unsaturated fatty acid in the raw material.

[0012] Step 2: Remove excess dialkyl phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain phosphonate intermediate;

[0013] The structure of the phosphonate intermediate is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] In formula (II), R1 and R2 are the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C1 to C18; R3 is H or an alkyl group from C1 to C9, and n is an integer from 1 to 9;

[0016] Step 3: Neutralize the phosphonate intermediate obtained in Step 2 with a fatty amine to obtain a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier.

[0017] The invention is further characterized in that,

[0018] The unsaturated fatty acid is one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, and cis-9-octadecenoic acid;

[0019] The accelerator is silver fluoride;

[0020] The initiator is one or more organic peroxides with a 1-hour half-life decomposition temperature between 100℃ and 200℃;

[0021] Aliphatic amines are one or more of the primary, secondary or tertiary aliphatic amines with C8 to C44.

[0022] The initiator is further comprising 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxide-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxide-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxide-cyclohexane, tert-amyl peroxide acetate, tert-butyl peroxide isononanoate, tert-amyl peroxide (2-ethylhexyl) carbonate, 2,2-di(tert-butylperoxide)butane, tert-butyl peroxide maleate, tert-butyl peroxide isopropyl carbonate, tert-butyl peroxide-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, tert-amyl peroxide benzoate, and peroxide One or more of the following: tert-butyl acetate, butyl 4,4-bis(tert-butylperoxy)valerate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, di-tert-pentyl peroxide, 2,5-di-tert-butylperoxy-2,5-dimethylhexane, tert-butylperoxyisopropylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butylperoxyhexyn-3, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, tert-pentyl hydroperoxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

[0023] In step 1, the molar ratio of dialkyl phosphite to unsaturated fatty acid is 1.5 to 1.0:1.

[0024] In step 1, the amount of accelerator used is 0.01 mol% to 1 mol% of unsaturated fatty acids.

[0025] In step 1, the amount of initiator used is 1 mol% to 15 mol% of unsaturated fatty acids.

[0026] In step 1, the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid are slowly introduced into the reaction system through a dropping funnel, metering pump, or peristaltic pump.

[0027] In step 3, the molar ratio of phosphonate intermediate to fatty amine is 1:1.

[0028] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0029] (1) In the molecular structure of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier of the present invention, the hydrocarbon group is directly connected to the phosphorus atom. The electron-donating effect of the hydrocarbon group increases the electron cloud density of the “P=O” bond, which has a stronger metal affinity than traditional phosphate esters. The carboxyl group at the end of the hydrocarbon group is a strong polar end, which gives the entire phosphonate molecule a special structure with two polar ends, thus making the additive molecules more adsorbed on the surface of the metal friction pair.

[0030] (2) The special “P-C” bond in the molecular structure of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier of the present invention has a certain antioxidant effect, which can delay its oxidative degradation during the use of oil products, thereby improving the phosphorus retention capacity and corrosion resistance of oil products.

[0031] (3) The preparation method of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier of the present invention uses inexpensive and readily available raw materials, does not use strong acid or strong base catalysts or special catalysts such as ionic liquids and crown ethers, only requires trace amounts of initiator and promoter to react, has low equipment requirements, and can be met by a simple reaction vessel. The post-processing process is simple and suitable for industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 The graph shows the change in traction factor over time of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier prepared by the method of the present invention at a dosage of 1% in MVI 150 mineral oil.

[0033] Figure 2 The graph shows the change in traction factor over time of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier prepared by the method of the present invention at a dosage of 1% in PAO 6.

[0034] Figure 3 The graph shows the change in traction factor over time of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier prepared by the method of the present invention at a dosage of 1% in 32# polyol ester base oil.

[0035] Figure 4 Temperature rise test diagram of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier prepared by the method of the present invention in MVI150 mineral oil at a dosage of 1%;

[0036] Figure 5 Temperature rise test diagram of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier prepared by the method of the present invention in PAO6 at a dosage of 1%;

[0037] Figure 6 Temperature rise test diagram of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier prepared by the method of the present invention at a dosage of 1% in No. 2 polyol ester base oil. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] This invention provides a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier, the structure of which is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] In formula (Ⅰ), R1 and R2 are the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C1 to C18; R3 is H or an alkyl group from C1 to C9; Rˊ, R″, and R″′ are H or the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C8 to C22, and Rˊ, R″, and R″′ cannot be H at the same time, and n is an integer from 1 to 9.

[0042] This invention also provides a method for preparing a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier, specifically implemented according to the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Under inert gas protection, dialkyl phosphite and accelerator are mixed in a reactor and heated to the decomposition temperature required by the initiator. The initiator and unsaturated fatty acid are slowly added through a dropping funnel, metering pump, or peristaltic pump. During the addition of the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid, the reaction temperature is always maintained at the 1-hour half-life decomposition temperature of the initiator. After the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid have been added, the reaction is continued at the temperature for 6-9 hours. Samples are taken for gas chromatography or 1H NMR analysis and monitoring. The reaction endpoint is defined as the disappearance of the characteristic peak of the unsaturated fatty acid in the raw material.

[0044] Among them, the unsaturated fatty acid is one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, and cis-9-octadecenoic acid;

[0045] The promoter is silver fluoride, which can activate the phosphorus-hydrogen bonds in phosphites, thereby promoting the free radical addition reaction between the phosphorus-hydrogen bonds and the carbon-carbon double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids under the action of the initiator.

[0046] The initiator is one or more organic peroxides with a 1-hour half-life decomposition temperature between 100°C and 200°C; more preferably, it is 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxy-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexane, 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxycyclohexane, tert-amyl peroxyacetate, tert-butyl peroxyisononanoate, tert-amyl peroxy(2-ethylhexyl)carbonate, 2,2-di(tert-butylperoxy)butane, tert-butyl peroxymaleate, tert-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, or 2-ethylhexyl peroxy. The following are one or more of the following: tert-butyl carbonate, tert-amyl peroxide, tert-butyl peracetic acid, butyl 4,4-bis(tert-butylperoxy)valerate, tert-butyl peroxide, ditert-amyl peroxide, 2,5-di-tert-butylperoxy-2,5-dimethylhexane, tert-butyl cumene peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butylperoxyhexyn-3, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-amyl hydroperoxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

[0047] The molar ratio of dialkyl phosphite to unsaturated fatty acid is 1.5–1.0:1; more preferably 1.3–1.1:1.

[0048] The amount of accelerator used is 0.01 mol% to 1 mol% of unsaturated fatty acids; more preferably 0.05 mol% to 0.5 mol%.

[0049] The amount of initiator used is 1 mol% to 15 mol% of unsaturated fatty acids; more preferably 5 mol% to 10 mol%.

[0050] Step 2: Remove excess dialkyl phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain phosphonate intermediate;

[0051] The structure of the phosphonate intermediate is as follows:

[0052]

[0053] In formula (II), R1 and R2 are the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C1 to C18; R3 is H or an alkyl group from C1 to C9, and n is an integer from 1 to 9;

[0054] Step 3: Neutralize the phosphonate intermediate obtained in Step 2 with a fatty amine to obtain a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier;

[0055] Among them, the fatty amine is one or more of the aliphatic primary amine, secondary amine or tertiary amine of C8 to C44;

[0056] The molar ratio of phosphonate intermediate to fatty amine is 1:1.

[0057] Example 1

[0058] This invention also provides a method for preparing a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier, which is specifically implemented according to the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Under inert gas protection, 1800g of diethyl phosphite and 0.64g of silver fluoride are stirred and heated to 149℃ in a 5000mL reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, peristaltic pump feeder, nitrogen tube, and condenser. After reaching this temperature, the peristaltic pump is turned on, and 74g of di-tert-butyl peroxide initiator and 1843g of 10-undecenoic acid are slowly added. The feed rate must be controlled to ensure that the reaction system temperature is maintained at 149±1℃. After the di-tert-butyl peroxide initiator and 10-undecenoic acid are added, the reaction is continued at 149℃ for 6 hours. The reaction progress is monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction endpoint is determined by the disappearance of the double bond characteristic peak of the raw material 10-undecenoic acid.

[0060] Step 2: Remove excess diethyl phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain intermediate 10-carboxydecylphosphonate diethyl ester.

[0061] Step 3: Neutralize the intermediate 10-carboxydecylphosphonate diethyl ester obtained in Step 2 with diisooctylamine at a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain phosphonate amine salt friction modifier A.

[0062] Example 2

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that in step 3, the intermediate 10-carboxydecylphosphonate diethyl ester obtained in step 2 is neutralized with tertiary alkyl amine (PRIMENE 81-R) at a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain phosphonate amine salt friction modifier B.

[0064] Basic physicochemical properties were analyzed for Examples 1 and 2, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1. Analysis results of basic physicochemical properties of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifiers obtained in Examples 1 and 2.

[0066]

[0067] Micro-traction force test: Traction factor is one of the important indicators characterizing the tribological properties of oil. A lower traction factor helps reduce friction, improve the transmission efficiency of gears or bearings that rely primarily on sliding friction, reduce power consumption, and lower the steady-state operating temperature, thereby extending the service life of equipment. Therefore, the changes in traction factor of Examples 1 and 2 in MVI 150, PAO6, and 32# polyol ester were measured using an MTM-2 micro-traction force testing machine manufactured by PCS Company, UK, to evaluate their friction-reducing performance. The test conditions were: temperature 70℃, transmission ratio 50:1, load 30N, and time 30min. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The results show that after adding MVI 150, PAO6 and 32# polyol ester at a dosage of 1% in Examples 1 and 2 respectively, the traction coefficients of the three different types of base oils were significantly reduced. This indicates that the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier of the present invention can effectively improve the friction reduction performance of mineral, PAO and synthetic ester base oils, reduce the friction force when the friction pair is in contact and improve the transmission efficiency.

[0068] Temperature rise test: During use, lubricating oil is subjected to shear and compression, generating heat and causing a temperature rise, which leads to a decrease in oil viscosity and consequently affects the load-bearing and lubrication capabilities of the lubricating oil. A small temperature rise indicates excellent friction-reducing performance. Therefore, a VKA110 four-ball testing machine manufactured by Hansa Press, Germany, was used to determine the temperature changes of Examples 1 and 2 in MVI 150, PAO6, and 32# polyol esters, respectively. The test bearings were placed in a protective cover made of insulating material and immersed in 38 mL of the test oil. The test conditions were a rotation speed of 4000 r / min, a load of 5000 N, and a time of 120 min, and the temperature change of the lubricating oil was recorded. After the test, the temperature change value of the oil was obtained, reflecting the power loss and friction-reducing properties of the oil; Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6The results show that after adding MVI 150, PAO6 and 32# polyol ester at a dosage of 1% in Examples 1 and 2 respectively, the temperature rise of the three different types of base oils was significantly reduced. This indicates that the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier of the present invention can effectively reduce friction during the movement of the friction pair and the resulting power loss, thereby improving the transmission efficiency of the oil.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] Step 1: Under inert gas protection, 1748g of dibutyl phosphite and 7.61g of silver fluoride were stirred and heated to 185℃ in a 5000mL reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, peristaltic pump feeder, nitrogen tube, and condenser. After reaching this temperature, the peristaltic pump was turned on, and 81g of tert-butyl hydroperoxide initiator and 1707g of cis-9-octadecenoic acid were slowly added. The feed rate must be controlled to ensure that the reaction system temperature is maintained at 185±1℃. After the tert-butyl hydroperoxide initiator and cis-9-octadecenoic acid have been added, the reaction was continued at 185℃ for 8 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction endpoint was determined by the disappearance of the double bond characteristic peak of the starting material cis-9-octadecenoic acid.

[0071] Step 2: Remove excess dibutyl phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain the intermediate;

[0072] Step 3: Neutralize the intermediate obtained in Step 2 with di-n-octylamine at a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain phosphonate amine salt friction modifier C.

[0073] Example 4

[0074] Step 1: Under inert gas protection, 2749g of diisooctyl phosphite and 0.11g of silver fluoride were stirred and heated to 91℃ in a 5000mL reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, peristaltic pump feeder, nitrogen tube, and condenser. After reaching this temperature, the peristaltic pump was turned on, and 19.5g of tert-butyl peroxide initiator and 649g of acrylic acid were slowly added. The feed rate must be controlled to ensure that the temperature of the reaction system is maintained at 91±1℃. After the tert-butyl peroxide initiator and acrylic acid have been fed, the reaction was continued at 91℃ for 7 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction endpoint was determined by the disappearance of the double bond characteristic peak of the raw material acrylic acid.

[0075] Step 2: Remove excess diisooctyl phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain the intermediate;

[0076] Step 3: Neutralize the intermediate obtained in Step 2 with octadecylamine at a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain phosphonate amine salt friction modifier D.

[0077] Example 5

[0078] Step 1: Under inert gas protection, 3223g of di(dodecyl) phosphite and 0.89g of silver fluoride were stirred and heated to 118°C in a 5000mL reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, peristaltic pump feeder, nitrogen tube, and condenser. After reaching this temperature, the peristaltic pump was turned on, and 43g of tert-amyl peroxide initiator and 603g of methacrylic acid were slowly added. The feed rate must be controlled to ensure that the reaction system temperature is maintained at 118±1°C. After the tert-amyl peroxide initiator and methacrylic acid have been added, the reaction was continued at 118°C for 9 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction endpoint was determined by the disappearance of the double bond characteristic peak of the methacrylic acid.

[0079] Step 2: Remove excess di(dodecyl) phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain the intermediate;

[0080] Step 3: Neutralize the intermediate obtained in Step 2 with dodecylamine at a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain phosphonate amine salt friction modifier E.

[0081] Example 6

[0082] Step 1: Under inert gas protection, 1864g of dibutyl phosphite and 7.1g of silver fluoride were stirred and heated to 136℃ in a 5000mL reaction flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, peristaltic pump feeder, nitrogen tube, and condenser. After reaching this temperature, the peristaltic pump was turned on, and 125g of tert-butyl peroxide initiator and 1474g of 10-undecenoic acid were slowly added. The feed rate must be controlled to ensure that the reaction system temperature is maintained at 136±1℃. After the tert-butyl peroxide initiator and 10-undecenoic acid have been added, the reaction was continued at 136℃ for 7 hours. The reaction progress was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The reaction endpoint was determined by the disappearance of the double bond characteristic peak of the starting material 10-undecenoic acid.

[0083] Step 2: Remove excess dibutyl phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain the intermediate;

[0084] Step 3: Neutralize the intermediate obtained in Step 2 with ditridecylamine at a molar ratio of 1:1 to obtain phosphonate amine salt friction modifier F.

[0085] Basic physicochemical properties of Examples 4-6 were analyzed, and the specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0086] Table 2. Analysis results of basic physicochemical properties of the phosphonate amine salt friction modifiers obtained in Examples 4-6

[0087]

[0088]

Claims

1. A phosphonate amine salt friction modifier, characterized in that, The structure of this phosphonate amine salt friction modifier is as follows: In formula (Ⅰ), R1 and R2 are the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C1 to C18; R3 is H or an alkyl group from C1 to C9; R′, R″, and R′″ are H or the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C8 to C22, and R′, R″, and R′″ cannot be H at the same time, and n is an integer from 1 to 9.

2. A method for preparing phosphonate amine salt friction modifiers, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Under inert gas protection, dialkyl phosphite and accelerator are mixed in a reactor and heated to the decomposition temperature required by the initiator. The initiator and unsaturated fatty acid are slowly added. During the addition of the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid, the reaction temperature is always maintained at the decomposition temperature of the initiator at 1 hour half-life. After the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid have been added, the reaction is continued for 6 to 9 hours. Samples are taken for gas chromatography or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The reaction endpoint is defined as the disappearance of the characteristic peak of the unsaturated fatty acid in the raw material. Step 2: Remove excess dialkyl phosphite from the reaction in Step 1 under vacuum, filter, and obtain phosphonate intermediate; The structure of the phosphonate intermediate is as follows: In formula (II), R1 and R2 are the same or different straight-chain or branched alkyl groups from C1 to C18; R3 is H or an alkyl group from C1 to C9, and n is an integer from 1 to 9; Step 3: Neutralize the phosphonate intermediate obtained in Step 2 with a fatty amine to obtain a phosphonate amine salt friction modifier.

3. The method for preparing the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, The unsaturated fatty acid is one of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 10-undecenoic acid, and cis-9-octadecenoic acid; The accelerator is silver fluoride; The initiator is one or more organic peroxides with a 1-hour half-life decomposition temperature between 100°C and 200°C. The fatty amine is one or more of the aliphatic primary, secondary or tertiary amines of C8 to C44.

4. The method for preparing the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier according to claim 3, characterized in that, The initiators are 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxide-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxide-cyclohexane, 1,1-di-tert-butylperoxide-cyclohexane, tert-amyl peroxide acetate, tert-butyl peroxide isononanoate, tert-amyl peroxide (2-ethylhexyl) carbonate, 2,2-di(tert-butylperoxide)butane, tert-butyl peroxide maleate, tert-butyl peroxide isopropyl carbonate, tert-butyl peroxide-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, tert-amyl peroxide benzoate, and ethyl peroxide. One or more of the following: tert-butyl ester, 4,4-bis(tert-butylperoxy)valerate, tert-butyl peroxybenzoate, di-tert-pentyl peroxide, 2,5-di-tert-butylperoxy-2,5-dimethylhexane, tert-butylperoxyisopropylbenzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butylperoxyhexyn-3, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl hydroperoxide, isopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, tert-pentyl hydroperoxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide.

5. The method for preparing the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, the molar ratio of dialkyl phosphite to unsaturated fatty acid is 1.5 to 1.0:

1.

6. The method for preparing the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, the amount of accelerator used is 0.01 mol% to 1 mol% of unsaturated fatty acids.

7. The method for preparing the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, the amount of initiator used is 1 mol% to 15 mol% of unsaturated fatty acids.

8. The method for preparing the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 1, the initiator and unsaturated fatty acid are slowly introduced into the reaction system through a dropping funnel, metering pump, or peristaltic pump.

9. The method for preparing the phosphonate amine salt friction modifier according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step 3, the molar ratio of phosphonate intermediate to fatty amine is 1:1.

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