A counterweight construction method for one-way erection of an arch bridge deck

Abstract

The application discloses a counterweight construction method for one-way erection of an arch bridge deck, S1, a prefabrication yard is arranged: firstly, a prefabrication yard A is arranged on one bank, and a gantry crane and a bridge erecting machine are arranged on the prefabrication yard A, T beams, hollow slab components and assembled steel structure deck systems of the bridge deck system and steel structure components of the bridge erecting machine are prefabricated on the prefabrication yard A according to design requirements and quality standards, and the prefabrication yard A is arranged on the side close to the bridge position, so that transportation and erection are facilitated. The counterweight construction method for one-way erection of the arch bridge deck has the following advantages: the method is very beneficial in reducing a prefabrication yard on one bank, prefabricated T beams, a hollow slab, a steel structure assembling yard and a steel structure deck system, especially in the case that a prefabrication yard and an assembling yard cannot be constructed, the method adopts a single-end erection method, avoids the problem of butt joint in the middle during double-end erection, adopts a counterweight mode, balances the horizontal thrust generated during single-end erection, and reduces construction cost and environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of arch bridge deck construction technology, and in particular to a counterweight construction method for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks. Background Technology

[0002] An arch bridge is a type of bridge that uses an arch as the main load-bearing structural component in a vertical plane. Vertical loads are transferred to the arch platform through the curved arch. Originally, arch bridges were not used for landscaping, but rather for flood control and navigation in engineering projects. During their formation and development, the bridge body was curved, so they were often called curved bridges in ancient times. Arch bridges are also widely used in modern bridges.

[0003] Currently, arch bridge deck systems are erected symmetrically on both banks to ensure the main arch ring is structurally balanced during construction and to guarantee its safety. However, this method has several drawbacks. Firstly, it requires prefabrication yards (for prefabricated T-beams and hollow slab deck systems) and steel structure assembly yards (for steel structure deck systems) on both banks of the main arch ring. However, arch bridges are typically located in steep terrain, often lacking the conditions for constructing such yards. Secondly, the construction of prefabrication and assembly yards involves significant land acquisition, and requires substantial amounts of gantry cranes, bridge erecting machines, and formwork equipment, resulting in high costs and hindering land conservation and environmental protection. Furthermore, management personnel, accommodation, and logistics are required on both banks, complicating management. Therefore, there is an urgent market demand for developing an arch bridge construction method that reduces the need for prefabrication yards, saves land and gantry cranes and bridge erecting machines, and promotes environmental protection and economic efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the prior art, this invention provides a method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, Setting up a prefabrication yard: First, a prefabrication yard A is set up on one bank, equipped with gantry cranes and bridge erecting machines. In prefabrication yard A, according to design requirements and quality standards, the T-beams, hollow slab components and steel structure bridge deck system of the bridge deck system, as well as the steel structure components of the bridge erecting machine are prefabricated. Prefabrication yard A is set up on the side closer to the bridge site to facilitate transportation and erection.

[0008] S2, Bridge Erection Equipment: Prefabrication Yard A assembles bridge erecting machines and other bridge erection equipment. The bridge erecting machine is a special equipment used for erecting bridge deck systems. Its main structure consists of main beams, secondary beams, lifting equipment, traveling mechanism, and hydraulic system. The bridge erecting machine is assembled using prefabricated steel structure components. According to the design drawings and construction plan, the components are transported, hoisted, connected, fastened, and debugged in sequence. The assembly of the bridge erecting machine should be inspected according to the erection sequence to facilitate its use.

[0009] S3, Erecting the first span of the bridge deck system and applying counterweight 4: The first span of the bridge deck system is the first transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the first span, the bridge erecting machine is transported to the pier at end A. The traveling mechanism moves the bridge erecting machine to the starting position of the first span. The precast T-beams are hoisted onto the lifting device of the bridge erecting machine using a gantry crane. The hydraulic system lifts the T-beams to the predetermined height and position. The traveling mechanism of the bridge erecting machine moves the T-beams longitudinally to the designated position of the first span. The lifting device places the T-beams onto the arch ring and connects them to the arch ring using bolts and welding. Once all T-beams for the first span have been erected, hollow slabs are installed between the T-beams and connected to them by bolt welding. A steel mesh is laid on the hollow slabs and connected to the T-beams and hollow slabs by steel bar binding and welding. A formwork is installed on the steel mesh and fixed with supports and fasteners. Concrete is poured inside the formwork and compacted using vibrators and other equipment. The poured concrete is cured by covering and spraying to maintain the humidity and temperature of the concrete. After the concrete reaches the design strength, the formwork is removed, the site is cleaned, and the construction of the bridge deck system for the first span is completed. The construction of counterweight 4 then begins.

[0010] S4, Erect the second span of the bridge deck system and apply counterweight 1: The second span of the bridge deck system is the second transverse unit erected from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the second span of the bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the second span, repeat the operation when erecting the first span of the bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the second span, and connect it with the T-beam of the first span to complete the construction of the second span of the bridge deck system and start applying counterweight 1.

[0011] S5, Erect the third span of the bridge deck system and apply counterweight 3: The third span of the bridge deck system is the third transverse unit erected from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the third span of the bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the third span, repeat the operation when erecting the first span of the bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the third span, and connect it with the T-beam of the second span to complete the construction of the third span of the bridge deck system and start applying counterweight 3.

[0012] S6, Erect the 4th span bridge deck system and apply counterweight 2: The 4th span bridge deck system is the fourth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 4th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 4th span, repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 4th span, and connect it with the T-beam of the 3rd span to complete the construction of the 4th span bridge deck system and start applying counterweight 2.

[0013] S7, Erect the 5th span bridge deck system and remove counterweight 1: The 5th span bridge deck system is the fifth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 5th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 5th span, repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 5th span, and connect it with the T-beam of the 4th span to complete the construction of the 5th span bridge deck system. Then start removing counterweight 1.

[0014] S8, Erecting the 6th span bridge deck system and removing counterweight 2: The 6th span bridge deck system is the sixth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 6th span bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the 6th span. The operation of erecting the 1st span bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beam is erected at the designated position of the 6th span and connected to the T-beam of the 5th span to complete the construction of the 6th span bridge deck system. Then, the counterweight 2 is removed.

[0015] S9, Erecting the 7th span bridge deck system and removing counterweight 3: The 7th span bridge deck system is the seventh transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 7th span bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the 7th span. The operation of erecting the 1st span bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beam is erected at the designated position of the 7th span and connected with the T-beam of the 6th span to complete the construction of the 7th span bridge deck system. Then, the counterweight 3 is removed.

[0016] S10, Erect the 8th span bridge deck system and remove counterweight 4: The 8th span bridge deck system is the eighth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 8th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 8th span, repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 8th span, and connect it with the T-beam of the 7th span to complete the construction of the 8th span bridge deck system. Then start removing counterweight 4.

[0017] S11, Erecting the 9th span bridge deck system and connecting it to end B: The 9th span bridge deck system is the ninth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 9th span bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the 9th span. The operation of erecting the 1st span bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beams are erected at the designated position of the 9th span and connected to the T-beams of the 8th span to complete the construction of the 9th span bridge deck system and begin connecting it to end B.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S3, counterweight 4 is installed. Counterweight 4 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the first span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. When installing counterweight 4, a counterweight bracket is installed on the main arch ring at end B and connected to the main arch ring by bolts and welding. A counterweight container is installed on the counterweight bracket and connected to the counterweight bracket by bolts and welding. According to the calculation results, water and steel are injected into the counterweight container to make the counterweight reach the predetermined weight. The weight and position of the counterweight are detected by measuring instruments, and the distribution of the counterweight is adjusted so that the center of gravity of the counterweight is aligned with the center of gravity of the main arch ring. The longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether the counterweight meets the requirements. According to the site conditions, the counterweight is increased or decreased until the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring meet the specifications.

[0019] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, counterweight 1 is installed. Counterweight 1 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the second span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 1 is the same as that of installing counterweight 4.

[0020] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S5, counterweight 3 is installed. Counterweight 3 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the third span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 3 is the same as that of installing counterweight 1.

[0021] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S6, counterweight 2 is installed. Counterweight 2 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the fourth span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 2 is the same as that of installing counterweight 3.

[0022] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S7, when removing counterweight 1, the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 1 can be removed. If the conditions are met, the water and steel in the counterweight container are drained and removed using a drainage pump and crane equipment to reduce the counterweight to the predetermined weight. The weight and position of the counterweight are detected by measuring instruments, and the distribution of the counterweight is adjusted so that the center of gravity of the counterweight is aligned with the center of gravity of the main arch ring. According to the site conditions, the counterweight is further reduced until the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring meet the specifications. The counterweight container and counterweight support are removed, and the connection with the main arch ring is disconnected by bolts and welding. The site is cleaned up, and the removal of counterweight 1 is completed.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S8, when removing counterweight 2, the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 2 can be removed. If the conditions are met, the counterweight 2 is removed in the same manner as when removing counterweight 1.

[0024] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S9, when removing counterweight 3, the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 3 can be removed. If the conditions are met, the counterweight 3 is removed in the same manner as when removing counterweight 2.

[0025] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S10, when removing the counterweight 4, the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether the counterweight 4 can be removed. If the conditions are met, the counterweight 4 is removed in the same manner as when removing the counterweight 3.

[0026] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S11, after the 9th span bridge deck system is completed, it is connected with the previously constructed 10th and 11th span bridge deck systems. The 10th and 11th span bridge deck systems are constructed using the same method and connected to end B. Their length is the span of the bridge deck system. During the connection and installation, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the junction of the 9th and 10th spans. The first T-beam of the 10th span is lifted to a predetermined height and position using a lifting device and connected with the last T-beam of the 9th span using bolts and welding. The position and levelness of the T-beam are detected using measuring instruments, and the posture of the T-beam is adjusted. The process involves ensuring the transverse and longitudinal joints of the T-beams meet requirements until all T-beams in the 10th span are connected to those in the 9th span. The installation of hollow slabs, reinforcing mesh, formwork, concrete pouring, concrete curing, formwork removal, and site cleanup are all performed in the same manner as the installation of the bridge deck system for other spans. After completing the installation of the 9th and 10th spans, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the junction of the 10th and 11th spans. This process is repeated to connect the T-beams of the 11th span to those of the 10th span, completing the installation of the 10th and 11th spans. The overall quality of the bridge deck system is then checked, and any substandard components are repaired or replaced, completing the entire bridge deck system erection.

[0027] This invention offers significant benefits, particularly in situations where prefabrication and assembly yards are unavailable. It reduces the need for prefabrication yards, precast T-beams, hollow slabs, steel structure assembly yards, and steel bridge deck systems. The single-end erection method avoids the challenges of mid-section connection required in double-end erection, simplifying the construction process and improving efficiency and quality. The use of counterweights balances the horizontal thrust generated during single-end erection, ensuring the stability and safety of the main arch and reducing damage and deformation. The use of precast T-beams and hollow slabs reduces on-site pouring, lowering construction costs and environmental pollution while increasing construction speed and quality. The use of bridge erection machines enables mechanized bridge deck erection, reducing manual labor intensity and risks, and improving construction safety and efficiency. Prefabrication and assembly yards require substantial land acquisition, gantry cranes, bridge erection machines, and formwork equipment, resulting in high costs. This method saves land, is environmentally friendly, and reduces the need for management personnel, accommodation, and logistics on one side of the bridge. The estimated cost savings for a single bridge deck are 2 million yuan. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the steps of the method of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge deck distribution of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bridge deck distribution of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the bridge deck of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks, comprising the following steps:

[0035] The first step is to set up a prefabrication yard. Prefabrication yard A is set up on one bank and equipped with gantry cranes and bridge erecting machines. In prefabrication yard A, the T-beams, hollow slab components and steel structure bridge deck system of the bridge deck system are prefabricated according to the design requirements and quality standards, as well as the steel structure components of the bridge erecting machine. Prefabrication yard A is set up on the side closer to the bridge site to facilitate transportation and erection.

[0036] The second step is to assemble the bridge erection equipment. Prefabrication yard A assembles the bridge erection machine and other bridge erection equipment. The bridge erection machine is a special equipment used to erect the bridge deck system. Its main structure consists of main beams, secondary beams, lifting equipment, traveling mechanism and hydraulic system. The bridge erection machine is assembled using prefabricated steel structure components. According to the design drawings and construction plan, the components are transported, hoisted, connected, fastened and debugged in sequence. The assembly of the bridge erection machine should be inspected according to the erection sequence to facilitate its use.

[0037] The third step involves erecting the first span of the bridge deck system and installing counterweight 4. The first span of the bridge deck system is the first transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is equal to the span of the bridge deck system. During the erection of the first span, the bridge erecting machine is transported to the pier at end A. The traveling mechanism moves the bridge erecting machine to the starting position of the first span. The precast T-beams are then hoisted onto the lifting device of the bridge erecting machine using a gantry crane. The hydraulic system lifts the T-beams to the predetermined height and position. The traveling mechanism of the bridge erecting machine moves the T-beams longitudinally to the designated position of the first span. The T-beams are placed onto the arch using hoisting equipment and connected to the arch using bolts and welding. This process is repeated until all T-beams for the first span are erected. Hollow core slabs are then installed between the T-beams and connected to them using bolts and welding. A reinforcing mesh is laid on the hollow core slabs and connected to the T-beams and hollow core slabs using reinforcing bar ties and welding. Formwork is then installed on the reinforcing mesh and secured with supports and fasteners. Concrete is poured inside the formwork and compacted using vibrators and other equipment. The poured concrete is then cured using a covering. The concrete is kept moist and warm using coverings and spraying. After the concrete reaches its design strength, the formwork is removed, the site is cleaned, and the construction of the first span of the bridge deck is completed. Then, counterweight 4 is installed. Counterweight 4 is a counterweight placed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the first span of the bridge deck. Its materials are water and steel. During the installation of counterweight 4, a counterweight bracket is installed on the main arch ring at end B and connected to the main arch ring using bolts and welding. A counterweight container is installed on the counterweight bracket and connected to the counterweight bracket using bolts and welding. Based on the calculation results, water is injected into the counterweight container, and steel is added to make the counterweight reach the predetermined weight. The weight and position of the counterweight are checked using measuring instruments, and the distribution of the counterweight is adjusted so that the center of gravity of the counterweight is aligned with the center of gravity of the main arch ring. The longitudinal displacement of the main arch ring and the tensile stress of the concrete are checked using measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether the counterweight meets the requirements. The counterweight is increased or decreased according to the site conditions until the longitudinal displacement of the main arch ring and the tensile stress of the concrete meet the specifications.

[0038] The fourth step is to erect the second span of the bridge deck system and install counterweight 1. The second span of the bridge deck system is the second transverse unit erected from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the second span of the bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the second span. The operation of erecting the first span of the bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beams are erected at the designated position of the second span and connected to the T-beams of the first span to complete the construction of the second span of the bridge deck system. Then, counterweight 1 is installed. Counterweight 1 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by erecting the second span of the bridge deck system at one end. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 1 is the same as that of installing counterweight 4.

[0039] The fifth step is to erect the third span of the bridge deck system and install counterweight 3. The third span of the bridge deck system is the third transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the third span of the bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the third span. The operation of erecting the first span of the bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beams are erected at the designated position of the third span and connected to the T-beams of the second span to complete the construction of the third span of the bridge deck system. Then, counterweight 3 is installed. Counterweight 3 is a counterweight set on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by erecting the third span of the bridge deck system at one end. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 3 is the same as that of installing counterweight 1.

[0040] Step 6: Erect the fourth span of the bridge deck system and install counterweight 2. The fourth span of the bridge deck system is the fourth transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the fourth span of the bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the fourth span and repeat the operation when erecting the first span of the bridge deck system. Erect the precast T-beams to the designated position of the fourth span and connect them with the T-beams of the third span to complete the construction of the fourth span of the bridge deck system. Then start installing counterweight 2. Counterweight 2 is a counterweight set on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by erecting the fourth span of the bridge deck system at one end. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 2 is the same as that of installing counterweight 3.

[0041] Step 7: Erect the 5th span of the bridge deck system and remove counterweight 1. The 5th span is the fifth transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is equal to the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 5th span, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the 5th span. The operation of erecting the 1st span is repeated. The precast T-beams are placed at the designated positions in the 5th span and connected to the T-beams of the 4th span, completing the construction of the 5th span. Then, counterweight 1 is removed. During the removal of counterweight 1, measuring instruments are used to detect the longitudinal displacement of the main arch ring and the tensile stress in the concrete, comparing the results with the calculations. Compare the counterweights to determine if they can be removed. If so, use a drainage pump and crane to drain the water and steel from the counterweight container, reducing the counterweight to the predetermined weight. Use measuring instruments to check the weight and position of the counterweights, adjust their distribution to align the center of gravity of the counterweights with that of the main arch ring, and continue to reduce the counterweights according to the site conditions until the longitudinal displacement of the main arch ring and the tensile stress of the concrete meet the specifications. Remove the counterweight container and counterweight support, disconnect them from the main arch ring using bolts and welding, clean the site, and complete the removal of counterweight 1.

[0042] Step 8: Erect the 6th span of the bridge deck system and remove counterweight 2. The 6th span of the bridge deck system is the sixth transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 6th span of the bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 6th span and repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span of the bridge deck system. Erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 6th span and connect it with the T-beam of the 5th span to complete the construction of the 6th span of the bridge deck system. Start removing counterweight 2. When removing counterweight 2, use measuring instruments to detect the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring and compare it with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 2 can be removed. If the conditions are met, remove it in the same way as when removing counterweight 1.

[0043] Step 9: Erect the 7th span bridge deck system and remove counterweight 3. The 7th span bridge deck system is the seventh transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 7th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 7th span and repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system. Erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 7th span and connect it with the T-beam of the 6th span to complete the construction of the 7th span bridge deck system. Start removing counterweight 3. When removing counterweight 3, use measuring instruments to detect the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring and compare it with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 3 can be removed. If the conditions are met, remove it in the same way as when removing counterweight 2.

[0044] Step 10: Erect the 8th span bridge deck system and remove counterweight 4. The 8th span bridge deck system is the eighth transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 8th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 8th span and repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system. Erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 8th span and connect it with the T-beam of the 7th span to complete the construction of the 8th span bridge deck system. Start removing counterweight 4. When removing counterweight 4, use measuring instruments to detect the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring and compare it with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 4 can be removed. If the conditions are met, remove it in the same way as when removing counterweight 3.

[0045] Step 11: Erect the 9th span of the bridge deck system and connect it to end B. The 9th span is the ninth transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 9th span, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 9th span and repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span. Place the precast T-beams at the designated positions in the 9th span and connect them to the T-beams of the 8th span to complete the construction of the 9th span. Begin connecting it to end B. After the 9th span is completed, connect it to the previously constructed 10th and 11th spans. The 10th and 11th spans are constructed using the same method and connected to end B. Their length is the span of the bridge deck system. During the connection and installation, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the junction of the 9th and 10th spans and use a lifting device to lift the first T-beam of the 10th span. The T-beams are raised to the predetermined height and position and connected to the last T-beam of the 9th span using bolts and welding. The position and level of the T-beams are checked with measuring instruments, and the posture of the T-beams is adjusted to ensure that the transverse and longitudinal joints meet the requirements. This process continues until all T-beams of the 10th span are connected to the T-beams of the 9th span. The installation of hollow slabs, steel mesh, formwork, concrete pouring, concrete curing, formwork removal, and site cleanup are all carried out in the same manner as the installation of the bridge deck system for other spans. The installation of the 9th and 10th spans is completed. The bridge erecting machine is then moved longitudinally to the junction of the 10th and 11th spans, and the operation is repeated to connect the T-beams of the 11th span to the T-beams of the 10th span, completing the installation of the 10th and 11th spans. The overall quality of the bridge deck system is checked, and any substandard components are repaired or replaced, completing the erection of the entire bridge deck system.

[0046] In summary, this invention divides the arch bridge deck system into multiple transverse units. First, the middle section of the deck system is erected longitudinally to form a beam transport channel. Then, the deck system units on both sides are completed in the same manner. Because the deck system of a large cross-border concrete arch bridge is heavy, a single-end erection would subject the main arch ring to a large horizontal thrust, causing excessive longitudinal displacement and tensile stress in the main arch ring concrete. Severe eccentric loading could lead to damage or even destruction of the main arch ring. To simulate the arch bridge being erected from both ends towards the middle, counterweights of water and steel are placed on the main arch ring at the other end of the single-end erection. As the first span at end A is erected, counterweights are added at the other end where the load is balanced, proceeding in one go to the middle span. Then, as the bridge deck system is erected, the counterweights are gradually reduced. The addition and reduction of counterweights balance the horizontal force generated by the single-end erection, ensuring that the longitudinal displacement and tensile stress of the main arch ring concrete meet the specifications.

[0047] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0048] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the method include the following: S1, Setting up a prefabrication yard: First, a prefabrication yard A is set up on one bank, equipped with gantry cranes and bridge erecting machines. In prefabrication yard A, according to design requirements and quality standards, the T-beams, hollow slab components and steel structure bridge deck system of the bridge deck system, as well as the steel structure components of the bridge erecting machine are prefabricated. Prefabrication yard A is set up on the side closer to the bridge site to facilitate transportation and erection. S2, Bridge Erection Equipment: Prefabrication Yard A assembles bridge erecting machines and other bridge erection equipment. The bridge erecting machine is a special equipment used for erecting bridge deck systems. Its main structure consists of main beams, secondary beams, lifting equipment, traveling mechanism, and hydraulic system. The bridge erecting machine is assembled using prefabricated steel structure components. According to the design drawings and construction plan, the components are transported, hoisted, connected, fastened, and debugged in sequence. The assembly of the bridge erecting machine should be inspected according to the erection sequence to facilitate its use. S3, Erecting the first span of the bridge deck system and applying counterweight 4: The first span of the bridge deck system is the first transverse unit erected starting from end A, and its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the first span, the bridge erecting machine is transported to the pier at end A. The traveling mechanism moves the bridge erecting machine to the starting position of the first span. The precast T-beams are hoisted onto the lifting device of the bridge erecting machine using a gantry crane. The hydraulic system lifts the T-beams to the predetermined height and position. The traveling mechanism of the bridge erecting machine moves the T-beams longitudinally to the designated position of the first span. The lifting device places the T-beams onto the arch ring and connects them to the arch ring using bolts and welding until… All T-beams of the first span were erected. Hollow slabs were installed between the T-beams and connected to them by bolts and welding. Steel mesh was laid on the hollow slabs and connected to the T-beams and hollow slabs by steel bar binding and welding. Formwork was installed on the steel mesh and fixed with supports and fasteners. Concrete was poured into the formwork and compacted with vibrators and other equipment. The poured concrete was cured by covering and spraying to maintain the humidity and temperature of the concrete. After the concrete reached the design strength, the formwork was removed, the site was cleaned, and the construction of the bridge deck system of the first span was completed. The construction of counterweight 4 then began. S4, Erect the second span of the bridge deck system and apply counterweight 1: The second span of the bridge deck system is the second transverse unit erected from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the second span of the bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the second span, repeat the operation when erecting the first span of the bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the second span, and connect it with the T-beam of the first span to complete the construction of the second span of the bridge deck system and start applying counterweight 1. S5, Erect the third span of the bridge deck system and apply counterweight 3: The third span of the bridge deck system is the third transverse unit erected from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the third span of the bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the third span, repeat the operation when erecting the first span of the bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the third span, and connect it with the T-beam of the second span to complete the construction of the third span of the bridge deck system and start applying counterweight 3. S6, Erect the 4th span bridge deck system and apply counterweight 2: The 4th span bridge deck system is the fourth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 4th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 4th span, repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 4th span, and connect it with the T-beam of the 3rd span to complete the construction of the 4th span bridge deck system and start applying counterweight 2. S7, Erect the 5th span bridge deck system and remove counterweight 1: The 5th span bridge deck system is the fifth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 5th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 5th span, repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 5th span, and connect it with the T-beam of the 4th span to complete the construction of the 5th span bridge deck system. Then start removing counterweight 1. S8, Erecting the 6th span bridge deck system and removing counterweight 2: The 6th span bridge deck system is the sixth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 6th span bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the 6th span. The operation of erecting the 1st span bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beam is erected at the designated position of the 6th span and connected to the T-beam of the 5th span to complete the construction of the 6th span bridge deck system. Then, the counterweight 2 is removed. S9, Erecting the 7th span bridge deck system and removing counterweight 3: The 7th span bridge deck system is the seventh transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 7th span bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the 7th span. The operation of erecting the 1st span bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beam is erected at the designated position of the 7th span and connected with the T-beam of the 6th span to complete the construction of the 7th span bridge deck system. Then, the counterweight 3 is removed. S10, Erect the 8th span bridge deck system and remove counterweight 4: The 8th span bridge deck system is the eighth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 8th span bridge deck system, move the bridge erecting machine longitudinally to the starting position of the 8th span, repeat the operation when erecting the 1st span bridge deck system, erect the precast T-beam to the designated position of the 8th span, and connect it with the T-beam of the 7th span to complete the construction of the 8th span bridge deck system. Then start removing counterweight 4. S11, Erecting the 9th span bridge deck system and connecting it to end B: The 9th span bridge deck system is the ninth transverse unit erected starting from end A. Its length is the span of the bridge deck system. When erecting the 9th span bridge deck system, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the starting position of the 9th span. The operation of erecting the 1st span bridge deck system is repeated. The precast T-beams are erected at the designated position of the 9th span and connected to the T-beams of the 8th span to complete the construction of the 9th span bridge deck system and begin connecting it to end B.

2. The method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, counterweight 4 is installed. Counterweight 4 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the first span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. When installing counterweight 4, a counterweight bracket is installed on the main arch ring at end B and connected to the main arch ring by bolts and welding. A counterweight container is installed on the counterweight bracket and connected to the counterweight bracket by bolts and welding. According to the calculation results, water and steel are injected into the counterweight container to make the counterweight reach the predetermined weight. The weight and position of the counterweight are detected by measuring instruments, and the distribution of the counterweight is adjusted so that the center of gravity of the counterweight is aligned with the center of gravity of the main arch ring. The longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether the counterweight meets the requirements. According to the site conditions, the counterweight is increased or decreased until the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring meet the specifications.

3. The method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, counterweight 1 is installed. Counterweight 1 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the second span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 1 is the same as that of installing counterweight 4.

4. The method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, counterweight 3 is installed. Counterweight 3 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the third span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 3 is the same as that of installing counterweight 1.

5. The method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S6, counterweight 2 is installed. Counterweight 2 is a counterweight installed on the main arch ring at end B to balance the horizontal thrust generated by the single-end erection of the fourth span bridge deck system. Its materials are water and steel. The specific operation of installing counterweight 2 is the same as that of installing counterweight 3.

6. The method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S7, when removing counterweight 1, measuring instruments are used to detect the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring. The results are compared with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 1 can be removed. If the conditions are met, a drainage pump and crane are used to drain the water and steel from the counterweight container and remove it, reducing the counterweight to the predetermined weight. The weight and position of the counterweight are then measured with measuring instruments, and the distribution of the counterweight is adjusted so that the center of gravity of the counterweight is aligned with the center of gravity of the main arch ring. The counterweight is further reduced according to the site conditions until the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring meet the specifications. The counterweight container and counterweight support are then removed, and the connection with the main arch ring is disconnected by bolts and welding. The site is then cleaned up, and the removal of counterweight 1 is completed.

7. The method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S8, when removing counterweight 2, the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 2 can be removed. If the conditions are met, the same operation as when removing counterweight 1 is performed.

8. The method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S9, when removing counterweight 3, the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 3 can be removed. If the conditions are met, the same operation as when removing counterweight 2 is performed.

9. A method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S10, when removing counterweight 4, the longitudinal displacement and concrete tensile stress of the main arch ring are detected by measuring instruments and compared with the calculation results to determine whether counterweight 4 can be removed. If the conditions are met, the same operation as when removing counterweight 3 is carried out.

10. A method for constructing counterweights for unidirectional erection of arch bridge decks according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S11, after the 9th span of the bridge deck system is completed, it is connected with the previously constructed 10th and 11th spans. The 10th and 11th spans are constructed using the same method and connected to end B. Their length is the span of the bridge deck system. During the connection and installation, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the junction of the 9th and 10th spans. The first T-beam of the 10th span is lifted to the predetermined height and position using a hoist and connected with the last T-beam of the 9th span using bolts and welding. The position and levelness of the T-beams are checked using measuring instruments, and the posture of the T-beams is adjusted to ensure that the T-beams are horizontally aligned. The longitudinal and lateral joints meet the requirements. All T-beams up to the 10th span are connected to the T-beams of the 9th span. The installation of hollow slabs, steel mesh, formwork, concrete pouring, concrete curing, formwork removal, and site cleaning are all the same as when installing the bridge deck system for other spans. After completing the phase installation of the 9th and 10th spans, the bridge erecting machine is moved longitudinally to the junction of the 10th and 11th spans. The operation is repeated to connect the T-beams of the 11th span to the T-beams of the 10th span, completing the phase installation of the 10th and 11th spans. The overall quality of the bridge deck system is checked, and any unqualified components are repaired or replaced. The entire bridge deck system is then erected.

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