Direct ignition method of hydrogen fuel in hydrogen gas turbine

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine, comprising: when the hydrogen gas turbine reaches a preset ignition speed, introducing nitrogen gas into the flare ignition stage channel and the duty channel; after a preset time of nitrogen gas introduction, opening the spark plug; stopping the introduction of nitrogen gas into the flare ignition stage channel and starting the introduction of hydrogen fuel, so as to ignite the hydrogen fuel in the flare ignition stage channel under the action of the spark plug; stopping the introduction of nitrogen gas into the duty channel and starting the introduction of hydrogen fuel, so as to ignite the hydrogen fuel in the duty channel by the flame of the flare ignition stage channel; stopping the introduction of hydrogen fuel into the flare ignition stage channel and starting the introduction of nitrogen gas, and stopping the introduction of nitrogen gas after a preset time; thus completing the ignition process. The direct ignition method for hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine of this invention realizes the technology of ignition using a single fuel system, and the ignition method is safe and reliable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of gas turbine technology, and more specifically, to a method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Gas turbines capable of burning hydrogen are a key focus of research and development for various gas turbine manufacturers. Developing hydrogen gas turbines can alleviate energy security issues on the one hand, and lead the application of zero-carbon clean energy on the other hand, playing a crucial supporting role in "building a new power system with new energy as the main body".

[0003] Compared to natural gas fuels, primarily methane, used in traditional gas turbines, hydrogen fuel has significantly different physical and chemical properties. First, under the same conditions, the calorific value of hydrogen per unit volume is about one-third that of natural gas. Therefore, a higher volumetric flow rate and velocity are required to maintain the same energy flow as natural gas, necessitating a matching combustor flow design. Second, hydrogen has a very wide flammability limit range. Under normal temperature and pressure, the flammability equivalence ratio of methane ranges from 0.40 to 1.50, while that of hydrogen extends to 0.10 to 8.0, posing a challenge to traditional swirl-lean premixed combustion mechanisms. Furthermore, hydrogen is highly autoignitable. Under normal temperature and pressure, its autoignition delay time is very short, and its minimum ignition energy is only 0.02 mJ, 14 times lower than methane's 0.28 mJ, making its blending and combustion processes more difficult to control. Moreover, the adiabatic flame temperature of hydrogen can be 100-200 degrees Celsius higher than that of methane, drastically increasing the difficulty of controlling NOx emissions. In addition, hydrogen has a very high flame propagation speed; under normal temperature and pressure conditions, its laminar flame propagation speed can be up to 10 times that of methane, making it extremely prone to backfire.

[0004] For gas turbines with the current mainstream dry low-emission premixed combustion organization mode, in addition to optimizing or changing their premixed burners to reduce the risk of backfire, their ignition methods also need to be adjusted to avoid backfire and deflagration caused by spontaneous combustion in the premixed zone, as well as more serious combustion safety problems caused by the potential conversion of deflagration to detonation.

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, most gas turbine technologies employ a dual-fuel system for ignition, using conventional fuels such as natural gas or propane for ignition. This mitigates safety concerns related to backfire and deflagration during ignition. However, dual-fuel systems using conventional natural gas and propane ignition technology are relatively complex, requiring additional pure natural gas and propane circuits for ignition, along with corresponding switching control logic. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention propose a method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine. This method achieves ignition using a single-fuel system and is safe and reliable.

[0007] The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0008] S1. When the hydrogen gas turbine reaches the preset ignition speed, nitrogen gas is introduced into the flare ignition stage channel and the duty officer channel.

[0009] S2. After the nitrogen gas has been introduced for a preset time, turn on the spark plug;

[0010] S3. Nitrogen gas is stopped being introduced into the flare ignition stage channel and hydrogen fuel is introduced to ignite the hydrogen fuel in the flare ignition stage channel under the action of the spark plug.

[0011] S4. Nitrogen gas is stopped being introduced into the duty room and hydrogen fuel is introduced, so that the flame of the torch ignition stage channel ignites the hydrogen fuel in the duty room.

[0012] S5. The hydrogen fuel is stopped being introduced into the torch ignition stage channel and nitrogen is introduced, and the nitrogen is introduced for a preset time before stopping.

[0013] The hydrogen fuel direct ignition method for hydrogen gas turbines in this embodiment of the invention realizes the technology of ignition using a single fuel system, making the hydrogen fuel direct ignition method for hydrogen gas turbines in this embodiment of the invention safe and reliable. Compared with the dual-fuel system in related technologies, it effectively avoids the complex operation of the gas turbine brought by the dual-fuel system, thereby not only saving costs, but also playing an important role in optimizing the hydrogen gas turbine system.

[0014] In some embodiments, the hydrogen gas turbine includes at least two combustion chambers, each of which is provided with the flare ignition stage passage and the duty passage.

[0015] Before S4 and after S3, check whether all the flare ignition stage channels in at least two of the combustion chambers are ignited. If the flare ignition stage channel in any of the combustion chambers is not ignited, stop the ignition, check and troubleshoot, and then return to S1.

[0016] In some embodiments, the direct ignition method for hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine further includes:

[0017] S6. Check whether all the duty passages in at least two of the combustion chambers are ignited. If the duty passage in any of the combustion chambers is not ignited, stop the start-up, check and troubleshoot, and then return to S1.

[0018] S7, Ignition complete.

[0019] In some embodiments, S2 includes: during the process of opening the spark plug, nitrogen gas is continuously introduced into the torch ignition stage channel and the duty channel.

[0020] In some embodiments, the flare ignition stage channel includes a first channel body, a first pipe, and a second pipe. The first pipe and the second pipe are connected to the first channel body. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the first channel body through the first pipe, and hydrogen fuel is introduced into the first channel body through the second pipe.

[0021] S1 includes: opening the first pipeline and introducing nitrogen gas into the first pipeline, and closing the second pipeline.

[0022] In some embodiments, S3 includes: closing the first pipeline, opening the second pipeline and introducing hydrogen fuel into the second pipeline, and the spark plug igniting the hydrogen fuel in the second pipeline.

[0023] In some embodiments, the duty passage includes a second passage body, a third pipe, and a fourth pipe. The third pipe and the fourth pipe are connected to the second passage body. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the second passage body through the third pipe, and hydrogen fuel is introduced into the second passage body through the fourth pipe.

[0024] S1 includes: opening the third pipeline and introducing nitrogen gas into the third pipeline, and closing the fourth pipeline.

[0025] In some embodiments, S4 includes: closing the third pipeline, opening the fourth pipeline and introducing hydrogen fuel into the fourth pipeline, wherein the flame generated by the combustion of hydrogen fuel in the second pipeline ignites the hydrogen fuel in the fourth pipeline.

[0026] In some embodiments, before S4 and after S3

[0027] The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine also includes:

[0028] S31. Turn off the spark plug.

[0029] In some embodiments, the spark plug is opened later than the time when nitrogen is introduced into the flare ignition stage channel and the duty channel, and the spark plug is closed earlier than the time when hydrogen fuel is introduced into the duty channel. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the combustion chamber head of a hydrogen gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the combustion stage at the head of the combustion chamber of a hydrogen gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a timing diagram of the ignition process of a direct ignition method for hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Attached reference numerals: 100, Combustion chamber; 1, Flare ignition stage passage; 2, Duty officer passage; 3, Main combustion stage passage. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 1-2 As shown, the hydrogen gas turbine of this embodiment includes at least two combustion chambers 100, each combustion chamber 100 being provided with a flare ignition stage channel 1 and a duty channel 2. Specifically, the hydrogen gas turbine has four combustion chambers 100, each combustion chamber 100 being provided with a flare ignition stage channel 1, a duty channel 2, and a main combustion stage channel 3, and the flare ignition stage channel 1, the duty channel 2, and the main combustion stage channel 3 are arranged sequentially. The hydrogen fuel combustion in the flare ignition stage channel 1 and the duty channel 2 is a diffusion combustion organization mode, while the main combustion stage channel 3 is a mixing and premixing combustion organization mode.

[0036] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the direct ignition method for hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:

[0037] S1. When the hydrogen gas turbine reaches the preset ignition speed, nitrogen gas is introduced into the flare ignition stage channel 1 and the duty channel 2.

[0038] Specifically, the flare ignition stage channel 1 includes a first channel body (not shown), a first pipeline (not shown), and a second pipeline (not shown). The first pipeline and the second pipeline are connected to the first channel body. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the first channel body through the first pipeline, and hydrogen fuel is introduced into the first channel body through the second pipeline.

[0039] Specifically, the duty channel 2 includes a second channel body (not shown), a third pipe (not shown), and a fourth pipe (not shown). The third pipe and the fourth pipe are connected to the second channel body. The third pipe is suitable for introducing nitrogen into the second channel body, and the fourth pipe is suitable for introducing hydrogen fuel into the second channel body.

[0040] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, when the hydrogen gas turbine reaches the preset ignition speed v, the first pipeline is opened and nitrogen is introduced into it, while the second pipeline is closed. This allows the nitrogen in the first pipeline to purge the air from the first channel body, filling it with nitrogen and preventing spontaneous combustion of hydrogen when it mixes with air during the process of introducing hydrogen into the first channel body through the second pipeline. The opening time of the first pipeline is t1, where t1 is greater than 0.

[0041] The third pipeline is opened and nitrogen is introduced into it. The fourth pipeline is closed, allowing the nitrogen in the third pipeline to purge the air from the second channel body, filling it with nitrogen and preventing hydrogen from mixing with air and spontaneously combusting during the introduction of hydrogen into the second channel body through the fourth pipeline. The first pipeline is opened for a time t1, where t1 is greater than 0.

[0042] S2. After a preset time of nitrogen gas introduction, turn on the spark plug (not shown).

[0043] Specifically, each combustion chamber 100 is equipped with a spark plug, which is used to ignite the hydrogen fuel.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, after nitrogen gas is introduced into the first channel body through the first pipeline for a time period t3, the first pipeline is then closed and completely closed at t4, so that the first channel body is completely filled with nitrogen gas. After nitrogen gas is introduced into the second channel body through the third pipeline for a time period t7, the third pipeline is then closed and completely closed at t8, so that the second channel body is completely filled with nitrogen gas.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, after nitrogen gas is introduced into the first and third pipelines for a period of time t2, the combustion chamber 100 issues a working command to open the spark plug, which remains open until t7, and then closes at t7. Wherein, t2 < t3 < t4 < t7 < t8.

[0046] S3. Nitrogen gas is stopped being introduced into the flare ignition stage channel 1 and hydrogen fuel is introduced to ignite the hydrogen fuel in the flare ignition stage channel 1 under the action of the spark plug.

[0047] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, the first pipeline is closed during the time period from t3 to t4, and at t4, the first pipeline is completely closed. At this time, the second pipeline is opened and hydrogen fuel is introduced into the second pipeline to pass the hydrogen fuel into the first channel body. The spark plug ignites the hydrogen fuel in the first channel body. During this process, the spark plug remains open to ensure stable operation and to prevent accidents when the spark plug ignites the hydrogen fuel.

[0048] S31. At t7, turn off the spark plugs.

[0049] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, after the hydrogen fuel in the first channel body has been burning for a period of time t7-t5 and the combustion has stabilized, at t7, the combustion chamber 100 issues a command to shut off the spark plug.

[0050] In some embodiments, it is checked whether all the flare ignition stage channels 1 in at least two combustion chambers 100 are ignited. If the flare ignition stage channel 1 in any of the combustion chambers 100 is not ignited, the ignition is stopped, and after checking and troubleshooting, the process returns to S1.

[0051] Specifically, after the spark plug is turned off, the ignition status of the flare ignition stage channels 1 in the four combustion chambers 100 is checked. If any one of the flare ignition stage channels 1 fails to ignite, the next ignition process is stopped, and the hydrogen gas turbine of this embodiment of the invention is inspected and the fault is eliminated before ignition is restarted.

[0052] In some embodiments, the time t2 for opening the spark plug is later than the time t1 for introducing nitrogen into the flare ignition stage channel 1 and the duty channel 2, so that when the spark plug is opened, nitrogen continues to be introduced into the flare ignition stage channel 1 and the duty channel 2 to prevent air from entering, thereby preventing the spark plug from coming into contact with air.

[0053] The time t7 for closing the spark plug is earlier than the time t8 for introducing hydrogen fuel into the duty channel 2, so as to prevent the spark plug from igniting the hydrogen fuel in the duty channel 2 prematurely.

[0054] S4. Stop supplying nitrogen gas into duty channel 2 and start supplying hydrogen fuel so that the flame in torch ignition stage channel 1 ignites the hydrogen fuel in duty channel 2.

[0055] Specifically, the third pipeline is closed during the time period from t7 to t8, and completely closed at t8. At this time, the fourth pipeline is opened and hydrogen fuel is introduced into the fourth pipeline. The flame generated by the combustion of the hydrogen fuel in the second pipeline into the first channel body ignites the hydrogen fuel entering the second channel body through the fourth pipeline, thereby completing the next step of ignition.

[0056] S5. Hydrogen fuel is stopped being introduced into the torch ignition stage channel 1 and nitrogen is introduced, and the nitrogen introduction stops after a preset time.

[0057] Specifically, after the hydrogen fuel in the second channel body burns for a period of time ta-t9 and the combustion stabilizes, the second pipeline is closed at time ta and completely closed at time tb. At this time, the first pipeline is opened and nitrogen gas is introduced into the first pipeline for a period of te-tb, so that the hydrogen fuel in the first channel body is discharged through nitrogen gas, making the first channel body full of nitrogen gas. Then, the second pipeline is closed again at time te. Wherein, te>td>tc>tb>ta>t9>t8>t7>t6>t5>t4>t3>t2>t1>0.

[0058] S6. Check whether the duty passage 2 in at least two combustion chambers 100 is ignited. If the duty passage 2 in any combustion chamber 100 is not ignited, stop the start-up, check and troubleshoot, and then return to S1.

[0059] Specifically, it is detected whether all the duty passages 2 in the four combustion chambers 100 are ignited. If flames are established in all four combustion chambers 100, the combustion chambers 100 of the hydrogen gas turbine enter the duty ignition working state. If the duty passage 2 in any of the combustion chambers 100 is not ignited, it indicates that the combustion chamber 100 of the hydrogen gas turbine has failed to ignite, and the startup needs to be stopped. The hydrogen gas turbine of this embodiment of the invention needs to be inspected and the faults eliminated before ignition can be attempted again.

[0060] S7, Ignition complete.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, during the entire ignition process, the hydrogen gas turbine in the flare ignition stage 1 exhibits diffusion combustion, which forms a stable flame to stably ignite the hydrogen fuel in the duty channel 2. The duty channel 2 also exhibits diffusion combustion. Throughout the ignition process, no hydrogen fuel is introduced into the main combustion stage 3. This effectively avoids backfire and deflagration caused by premixed auto-ignition during ignition, as well as the more serious combustion safety problems arising from potential detonation.

[0062] Therefore, the hydrogen fuel direct ignition method for hydrogen gas turbines in this embodiment of the invention realizes the technology of ignition using a single fuel system, making the hydrogen fuel direct ignition method for hydrogen gas turbines in this embodiment of the invention safe and reliable. Compared with the dual-fuel system in related technologies, it effectively avoids the complex operation of the gas turbine brought by the dual-fuel system, thereby not only saving costs, but also playing an important role in optimizing the hydrogen gas turbine system.

[0063] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0064] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0065] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0067] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0068] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Any changes, modifications, substitutions and variations made to the above embodiments by those skilled in the art are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen gas turbine hydrogen fuel direct ignition method, characterized by, include: S1. When the hydrogen gas turbine reaches the preset ignition speed, nitrogen gas is introduced into the flare ignition stage channel (1) and the duty officer channel (2); S2. After the nitrogen gas has been introduced for a preset time, turn on the spark plug; S3. Nitrogen gas is stopped being introduced into the torch ignition stage channel (1) and hydrogen fuel is introduced to ignite the hydrogen fuel in the torch ignition stage channel (1) under the action of the spark plug. S4. Nitrogen gas is stopped being introduced into the duty room (2) and hydrogen fuel is introduced, so that the flame of the torch ignition stage channel (1) ignites the hydrogen fuel in the duty room (2). Before S4, after S3 The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine also includes: S31. Turn off the spark plug; The time to open the spark plug is later than the time to introduce nitrogen into the torch ignition stage channel (1) and the duty channel (2), and the time to close the spark plug is earlier than the time to introduce hydrogen fuel into the duty channel (2). S5. Hydrogen fuel is stopped being introduced into the torch ignition stage channel (1) and nitrogen is introduced, and the nitrogen is introduced for a preset time before stopping.

2. The hydrogen-fueled gas turbine hydrogen fuel direct ignition method according to claim 1, characterized by, The hydrogen gas turbine includes at least two combustion chambers (100), each of which is provided with the flare ignition stage passage (1) and the duty passage (2). Before S4 and after S3, check whether all the torch ignition stage channels (1) in at least two of the combustion chambers (100) are ignited. If the torch ignition stage channel (1) in any of the combustion chambers (100) is not ignited, then stop the ignition, check and troubleshoot, and return to S1.

3. The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: S6. Check whether all the duty passages (2) in at least two of the combustion chambers (100) are on fire. If the duty passage (2) in any of the combustion chambers (100) is not on fire, stop the start-up, and return to S1 after checking and troubleshooting. S7, Ignition complete.

4. The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 includes: during the process of opening the spark plug, nitrogen gas is continuously introduced into the torch ignition stage channel (1) and the duty channel (2).

5. The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flare ignition stage channel (1) includes a first channel body, a first pipeline, and a second pipeline. The first pipeline and the second pipeline are connected to the first channel body. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the first channel body through the first pipeline, and hydrogen fuel is introduced into the first channel body through the second pipeline. S1 includes: opening the first pipeline and introducing nitrogen gas into the first pipeline, and closing the second pipeline.

6. The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that, S3 includes: closing the first pipeline, opening the second pipeline and introducing hydrogen fuel into the second pipeline, and the spark plug igniting the hydrogen fuel in the second pipeline.

7. The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The duty passage (2) includes a second passage body, a third pipe, and a fourth pipe. The third pipe and the fourth pipe are connected to the second passage body. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the second passage body through the third pipe, and hydrogen fuel is introduced into the second passage body through the fourth pipe. S1 includes: opening the third pipeline and introducing nitrogen gas into the third pipeline, and closing the fourth pipeline.

8. The method for direct ignition of hydrogen fuel in a hydrogen gas turbine according to claim 7, characterized in that, S4 includes: closing the third pipeline, opening the fourth pipeline and introducing hydrogen fuel into the fourth pipeline, and the flame generated by the combustion of hydrogen fuel in the second pipeline igniting the hydrogen fuel in the fourth pipeline.

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