A method for optimizing facility layout in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment, the method comprising: collecting structural parameters, risk parameters, facility costs and land costs of process blocks in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations; constructing constraint conditions for the optimization model for the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations; constructing the optimization model for the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment according to the constraint conditions and the objective function of minimizing the total cost of the layout of facilities in the station; solving the optimization model for the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment to obtain a layout plan for facilities in the station that is both safe and economical. Based on optimization theory and quantitative risk assessment methods, the present invention proposes a method for optimizing the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment, which can reduce the possibility of accidents, improve the overall operational efficiency of the facilities in the gathering and transportation system, and provide certain guidance for the design of the layout in the station.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of facility layout optimization in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station, and in particular to a method for optimizing the facility layout in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment. Background Art

[0002] As an important transit hub in the process of oil and gas field exploitation and production, the gathering and transportation station has a large number of safety hazards. Most of the equipment in the gathering and transportation station is a pressure vessel, and the internal media are all flammable and explosive substances. Once the equipment fails, it is very easy to cause safety accidents such as gas leakage or fire. As an important part of the oil and gas gathering and transportation system, the safe and stable operation of the gathering and transportation station can not only ensure the transportation quality of oil and natural gas, but also improve the economic benefits of the gathering and transportation station, and at the same time, it greatly guarantees public safety.

[0003] In a gathering and transportation station, the layout of process equipment and buildings may have a significant impact on the benefits and economy of the station. Generally speaking, the layout of the station should be conducive to the production process, minimize material and handling costs, and take into account possible future expansion. Reasonable facility layout can improve station processes and increase production efficiency. More importantly, facility layout has evolved from a concept of equipment and building placement based mainly on checklists to a highly technical and quantitative analysis of personnel exposure to potential process hazards. It is closely related to process safety and process hazard analysis (PHA), with the goal of reducing damage to personnel, the environment, business and assets in major events.

[0004] In the planning and layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations, the plane design of the station not only needs to meet various industry specifications and fire protection requirements, but also should focus on the flow direction of the processing medium, realize the centralized layout of similar equipment, reduce the intersection of pipelines and the multiple round-trip flow of materials. By making full use of pressure energy and thermal energy and avoiding unnecessary pressurization and heating, energy waste can be significantly reduced. Such a layout aims to achieve smooth connection of processes, rationality of material flow, and convenience of management and maintenance, thereby reducing material handling and operating costs. However, in the existing planning and layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations, there is often a lack of a comprehensive perspective that considers both economy and safety. In view of the high-risk consequences of failure of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations, the present invention proposes a new layout optimization scheme, which optimizes the layout of station facilities by applying quantitative risk analysis and site selection theory, and provides an efficient, economical and safe layout strategy for oil and gas gathering and transportation stations. Summary of the invention

[0005] Aiming at the problem that the risk consequences of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations are great and the planning and layout of existing oil and gas gathering and transportation stations rarely consider both economy and safety, the present invention, based on optimization theory, proposes a method for optimizing the layout of facilities within oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment. This method not only improves the economy of the oil and gas station construction plan, but also effectively reduces its operating risk level, providing important guiding significance for the design and construction of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment, comprising:

[0008] S1: Collect the process block structure parameters, risk parameters, facility costs and land cost parameters of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station;

[0009] S2: Construct the constraint conditions of the facility layout optimization model of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment;

[0010] S3: According to the constraints and the minimum total cost objective function of the in-station facility layout, an optimization model for the in-station facility layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment is constructed;

[0011] S4: Solve the optimization model of the facility layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment, and obtain a station facility layout plan that is both safe and economical.

[0012] In one embodiment, the structural parameters of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the type of process equipment contained in the block, the specifications of the process equipment, and the pipeline connection relationship between the process equipment;

[0013] The risk parameters of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the process flow, process treatment medium, and general failure probability of process equipment within the block;

[0014] The facility costs of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the equipment purchase cost and construction cost within the block.

[0015] In one embodiment, the constraint conditions described in step S2 include land constraint, non-overlap constraint and risk constraint;

[0016] According to the requirements of the Petroleum Surface Engineering Design Manual, each covers an area of ​​3000m 2 A circular passage with a width of not less than 5m should be set around the above equipment area. The land constraint relationship is:

[0017]

[0018]

[0019] Where Lx s is the length of block s; Ly s is the width of block s; x s is the horizontal coordinate of the center point of block s; s is the ordinate of the center point of block s; Lx is the length of the entire station; Ly is the width of the entire station; st is the width of the street, which is set to 5m here.

[0020] In order to avoid the overlapping of facilities in the layout plan, non-overlapping constraints are used for restriction. The non-overlapping constraint relationship is:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, Lx k is the length of another installed block; Ly k is the width of another installed block; is the minimum distance between the center point of block s and the center point of block k in the x-axis direction; is the minimum distance between the center point of block s and the center point of block k in the y-axis direction;

[0025] The risk constraints include: equipment random risk constraints, equipment inherent risk constraints and equipment chain risk constraints;

[0026] The random risk constraint takes into account the probability of equipment failure, that is, the possibility of equipment failure under normal operating conditions; the equipment failure probability depends on the equipment damage factor, the enterprise management factor and the general failure probability of the equipment. The constraint relationship is:

[0027] P f =g ff ·D f ·F MS

[0028] Where P f is the probability of equipment failure; g ff is the universal failure probability; D f is the equipment damage factor; F MS For enterprise management factors;

[0029] The equipment damage includes: wall thickness reduction, external damage, stress corrosion, hydrogen-induced cracking, brittle fracture and mechanical fatigue. The equipment damage factor calculation formula is:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, is the wall thickness reduction factor; External damage factors; is the stress corrosion factor; is the hydrogen-induced cracking factor; is the brittle fracture factor; is the mechanical fatigue factor;

[0032] The inherent risk constraint of the equipment is used to reflect the severity of the consequences caused by equipment failure, and its constraint relationship is:

[0033] R I =P f ×C

[0034] In the formula, R I is the inherent risk of the equipment; C is the equipment hazard index;

[0035] The equipment hazard index calculation formula is:

[0036]

[0037] In the formula, G is the flow rate of hazardous substances in the equipment; O1 is the process stability factor; O2 is the external shielding factor of the equipment; O3 is the phase factor of material leakage; G lim is the critical flow rate of hazardous substances in the equipment; MF is the material coefficient;

[0038] The equipment chain reaction risk mentioned above refers to the situation where the thermal radiation, overpressure and debris generated after the initial accident of the gas transmission station equipment may cause the failure of nearby equipment, resulting in a chain reaction and causing more serious risks. The method considers the situation where the shock wave overpressure caused by the steam cloud explosion leads to equipment failure;

[0039] When a leak occurs in the joint station equipment, the initial event probability relationship is:

[0040] P0=0.04P f

[0041] Where P0 is the probability of equipment leakage;

[0042] The shock wave overpressure value caused by the vapor cloud explosion is calculated using the TNT equivalent method, and the total explosion energy of the combustible gas is expressed as follows:

[0043] E=1.8αWQ

[0044] Where, E is the total explosion energy; α is the combustible gas vapor cloud equivalent coefficient; W is the combustible gas mass; Q is the combustion heat of the combustible gas;

[0045] The maximum overpressure relationship of the explosion shock wave in the positive phase is:

[0046] Δp=p0exp(-0.9216-1.5058+0.167ln 2 r-0.0320ln 3 r)

[0047] Where r is the dimensionless distance;

[0048] The chain reaction probability is calculated using an extended function probability model, and the calculation formula is:

[0049]

[0050] Where f is the probability of damage to the target device; Y is the probability unit value of the probability of damage to the target device;

[0051] The equipment interlocking risk constraint relation is:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, R D Equipment interlocking risk; i is the probability of the ith device failing due to the domino effect after the initial event occurs; C i is the risk index of the ith device;

[0054] In one embodiment, the minimum total cost of the in-station facility layout described in step S3 includes land cost, construction cost and equipment failure cost;

[0055] The land cost is the total cost of developing, purchasing or leasing land for the gathering and transportation station, and the relationship is:

[0056] C land =c l L x L y

[0057] In the formula, C land is the total land cost; c l is the land cost per unit area;

[0058] The construction cost includes the laying cost of pipelines or cables, and the relationship is:

[0059]

[0060] In the formula, C p is the construction cost per unit length; d i,j is the separation distance between devices i and j;

[0061] The equipment failure cost is the loss caused by the failure of equipment in the station, and its relationship is:

[0062] C R =sl×R×FC i ×W i

[0063] Where sl is the service life of the station; R is the accident risk in the station; FC i The cost of facility i; W i is the hazard weight of the facility;

[0064] According to the constraint conditions and the minimum total cost objective function of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station construction, the facility layout optimization model of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment is generated through the MINLP model.

[0065] In one embodiment, the model solving method adopts a spatial branch-and-bound method based on reformulation; numerically, solving the non-overlapping constraints is difficult because its result is a very non-convex feasible region and there may be multiple local optimal solutions; this method introduces a set of new variables, redescribes the non-overlapping constraints, and solves the optimization model; the non-overlapping constraints are re-described as follows:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068]

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072]

[0073]

[0074]

[0075]

[0076]

[0077]

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] In the formula, is the decomposition variable installed on the left side of k for s; is the decomposition variable of s installed on the right side of k; The decomposition variables installed above and below k for s; is the decomposition variable installed on top of k for s; is the decomposition variable installed under k for s; is the decomposition variable installed to the left or right of k;

[0086] In one embodiment, the optimization results of the facility layout within the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include: land cost, risk cost, construction cost and facility layout coordinates of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station construction.

[0087] In summary, the method for optimizing the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment provided by the present invention collects the structural parameters, risk parameters, facility costs and land cost parameters of the target gathering and transportation stations, and considers the process flow of the oil and gas gathering and transportation stations, the pipeline connection relationship between facilities and the equipment risk consequences to establish the constraint conditions of the optimization model of the layout of facilities in the oil and gas gathering and transportation stations; based on the constraint conditions and the minimum total cost objective function of the construction of the oil and gas gathering and transportation stations, the optimization model of the layout of facilities in the oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment is constructed, and the model is solved to output the layout plan of facilities in the oil and gas gathering and transportation stations that takes into account both economy and safety. The present invention mainly solves the problem of optimizing the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations, takes into account the safety of the construction of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations, and quantitatively couples the risk cost into the total cost to conduct station layout optimization research. In addition, the present invention can also reduce the overall layout cost and the risk of harm to facilities and people when dangerous accidents occur while meeting the requirements of the design specifications. Aiming at the problem that the planning and layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations in the past rarely considered both economy and safety, this paper proposes a method for optimizing the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment from the perspective of layout optimization, which is used to help decision makers create a low-risk layout structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0088] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 2 This is the result diagram of the optimized layout of the gathering and transportation station;

[0090] Figure 3 The optimized layout result of the gathering and transportation station when the land cost is 50 yuan / square meter;

[0091] Figure 4 The optimized layout result of the gathering and transportation station when the land cost is 55 yuan / square meter;

[0092] Figure 5 The optimized layout result of the gathering and transportation station when the land cost is 60 yuan / square meter;

[0093] Figure 6 The optimized layout result of the gathering and transportation station when the land cost is 65 yuan / square meter;

[0094] Figure 7 The optimized layout result of the gathering and transportation station when the land cost is 70 yuan / square meter;

[0095] Figure 8 The optimized layout result of the gathering and transportation station when the land cost is 75 yuan / square meter;

[0096] Fig. 9 Chart showing changes in construction costs of gathering and transportation stations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0097] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0098] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment, comprising the following steps:

[0099] S1: Collect the process block structure parameters, risk parameters, facility costs and land cost parameters of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station;

[0100] S2: Construct the constraint conditions of the facility layout optimization model of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment;

[0101] S3: According to the constraints and the minimum total cost objective function of the in-station facility layout, an optimization model for the in-station facility layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment is constructed;

[0102] S4: Solve the optimization model of the facility layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment, and obtain a station facility layout plan that is both safe and economical.

[0103] In one embodiment, the process blocks of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station considered by the present invention include: water injection area, boosting area, crude oil processing area, natural gas processing area, sewage treatment area, storage tank area, office and living area, and auxiliary production area;

[0104] The water injection area is used to achieve sewage treatment and high-pressure water injection and other functions, and the area includes water storage tanks, water injection pump rooms, pipelines and other facilities;

[0105] The pressurization area is used to achieve functions such as water removal, oil removal, pressurization, and external transmission, and mainly includes equipment and facilities such as a three-stage oil remover group, a compressor, and a centrifugal pump;

[0106] The main facilities of the crude oil processing area include a three-phase separator, a heating furnace, a thermochemical settling tank, a crude oil buffer tank, a booster pump, a negative pressure flash tower and a negative pressure compressor;

[0107] The natural gas processing area mainly dehydrates the oilfield associated gas to meet the needs of external transmission or internal use; the equipment includes a raw gas separator, a TEG absorption tower, a TEG regeneration tower, a stripping tower and an energy conversion pump;

[0108] The sewage treatment area mainly treats sewage generated from the three-phase separator and the thermal and electric dehydrators, and also treats domestic sewage generated by the staff in the station; the equipment includes an inclined plate degreaser and an integrated flotation device.

[0109] The tank area includes crude oil storage tanks, natural gas storage tanks, treated sewage storage tanks and other facilities to ensure continuity and stability in the production process.

[0110] The office and living area is an area that provides office and living facilities for station staff, including office buildings, staff dormitories, canteens, conference rooms and other facilities.

[0111] The auxiliary production area is an area used to support the operation of the entire station, including power supply facilities, communication equipment, fire-fighting equipment, etc.; this area may also include some tools and equipment for maintaining and repairing equipment in other areas.

[0112] In one embodiment, the structural parameters of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the type of process equipment contained in the block, the specifications of the process equipment, and the pipeline connection relationship between the process equipment;

[0113] The risk parameters of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the process flow, process treatment medium, and general failure probability of process equipment within the block;

[0114] The facility costs of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the equipment purchase cost and construction cost within the block.

[0115] In one embodiment, the constraint conditions described in step S2 include land constraint, non-overlap constraint and risk constraint;

[0116] According to the requirements of the Petroleum Surface Engineering Design Manual, each covers an area of ​​3000m 2 A circular passage with a width of not less than 5m should be set around the above equipment area. The land constraint relationship is:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] In the formula, Lx s is the length of block s; Ly s is the width of block s; x s is the horizontal coordinate of the center point of block s; s is the ordinate of the center point of block s; Lx is the length of the entire station; Ly is the width of the entire station; st is the width of the street, which is set to 5m here.

[0120] In order to avoid the overlapping of facilities in the layout plan, non-overlapping constraints are used for restriction. The non-overlapping constraint relationship is:

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] In the formula, Lx k is the length of another installed block; Ly k is the width of another installed block; is the minimum distance between the center point of block s and the center point of block k in the x-axis direction; is the minimum distance between the center point of block s and the center point of block k in the y-axis direction;

[0125] The risk constraints include: equipment random risk constraints, equipment inherent risk constraints and equipment chain risk constraints;

[0126] The random risk constraint takes into account the probability of equipment failure, that is, the possibility of equipment failure under normal operating conditions; the equipment failure probability depends on the equipment damage factor, the enterprise management factor and the general failure probability of the equipment. The constraint relationship is:

[0127] P f=g ff ·D f ·F MS (6)

[0128] Where P f is the probability of equipment failure; g ff is the universal failure probability; D f is the equipment damage factor; F MS For enterprise management factors;

[0129] The equipment damage includes: wall thickness reduction, external damage, stress corrosion, hydrogen-induced cracking, brittle fracture and mechanical fatigue. The equipment damage factor calculation formula is:

[0130]

[0131] In the formula, is the wall thickness reduction factor; External damage factors; is the stress corrosion factor; is the high temperature hydrogen induced cracking factor; is the brittle fracture factor; is the mechanical fatigue factor;

[0132] The inherent risk constraint of the equipment is used to reflect the severity of the consequences caused by equipment failure, and its constraint relationship is:

[0133] R I =P f ×C (8)

[0134] In the formula, R I is the inherent risk of the equipment; C is the equipment hazard index;

[0135] The equipment hazard index calculation formula is:

[0136]

[0137] In the formula, G is the flow rate of hazardous substances in the equipment; O1 is the process stability factor; O2 is the external shielding factor of the equipment; O3 is the phase factor of material leakage; G lim is the critical flow rate of hazardous substances in the equipment; MF is the material coefficient;

[0138] The equipment chain reaction risk mentioned above refers to the situation where the thermal radiation, overpressure and debris generated after the initial accident of the gas transmission station equipment may cause the failure of nearby equipment, resulting in a chain reaction and causing more serious risks. The method considers the situation where the shock wave overpressure caused by the steam cloud explosion leads to equipment failure;

[0139] When a leak occurs in the joint station equipment, the initial event probability relationship is:

[0140] P0=0.04P f (10)

[0141] Where P0 is the probability of equipment leakage;

[0142] The shock wave overpressure value caused by the vapor cloud explosion is calculated using the TNT equivalent method, and the total explosion energy of the combustible gas is expressed as follows:

[0143] E=1.8αWQ (11)

[0144] Where, E is the total explosion energy; α is the combustible gas vapor cloud equivalent coefficient; W is the combustible gas mass; Q is the combustion heat of the combustible gas;

[0145] The maximum overpressure relationship of the explosion shock wave in the positive phase is:

[0146] Δp=p0exp(-0.9216-1.5058+0.167ln 2 r-0.0320ln 3 r) (12)

[0147] Where r is the dimensionless distance;

[0148] The chain reaction probability is calculated using an extended function probability model, and the calculation formula is:

[0149]

[0150] Where f is the probability of damage to the target device; Y is the probability unit value of the probability of damage to the target device;

[0151] The equipment interlocking risk constraint relation is:

[0152]

[0153] In the formula, R D Equipment interlocking risk; i is the probability of the ith device failing due to the domino effect after the initial event occurs; C i is the risk index of the ith device;

[0154] In one embodiment, the minimum total cost of the in-station facility layout described in step S3 includes land cost, construction cost and equipment failure cost;

[0155] The land cost is the total cost of developing, purchasing or leasing land for the gathering and transportation station, and the relationship is:

[0156] C land =c l L x Ly (15)

[0157] In the formula, C land is the total land cost; c l is the land cost per unit area;

[0158] The construction cost includes the laying cost of pipelines or cables, and the relationship is:

[0159]

[0160] In the formula, C p is the construction cost per unit length; d i,j is the separation distance between devices i and j;

[0161] The equipment failure cost is the loss caused by the failure of equipment in the station, and its relationship is:

[0162] C R =sl×R×FC i ×W i (17)

[0163] Where sl is the service life of the station; R is the accident risk in the station; FC i The cost of facility i; W i is the hazard weight of the facility;

[0164] According to the constraint conditions and the minimum total cost objective function of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station construction, the facility layout optimization model of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment is generated through the MINLP model.

[0165] The symbols of formulas (1) to (17) are shown in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3.

[0166] Table 1 Index and set of optimization models for facility layout in gathering and transportation stations considering safety

[0167] k∈K A collection of installed blocks s∈S A collection of facilities

[0168] Table 2 Known parameters of the optimization model for facility layout in gathering and transportation stations considering safety

[0169]

[0170] Table 3 Decision variables of the optimization model for facility layout in gathering and transportation stations considering safety

[0171]

[0172] In one embodiment, the model solving method adopts a spatial branch-and-bound method based on reformulation; numerically, solving the non-overlapping constraint is difficult because its result is a very non-convex feasible region and there may be multiple local optimal solutions; this method solves the optimization model by introducing a set of new variables and re-describing the non-overlapping constraint;

[0173] In one embodiment, the optimization results of the facility layout within the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include: land cost, risk cost, construction cost and facility layout coordinates of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station construction.

[0174] To further illustrate this solution, the present invention takes the layout design of a certain oilfield gathering and transportation station as a specific application example, and conducts research on the optimization of the facility layout in the oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment. The gathering and transportation station includes eight blocks: storage tank area, natural gas processing area, water injection area, crude oil processing area, pressurized external transmission area, sewage treatment area, auxiliary production area, and office and living area.

[0175] The geometric information, facility cost and population weight of each block are shown in Table 4.

[0176] Table 4 Basic parameters of the process block of a certain oilfield gathering and transportation station

[0177]

[0178]

[0179] The pipeline connection relationship between the eight blocks of the oilfield gathering and transportation station, namely, the storage tank area, natural gas processing area, water injection area, crude oil processing area, pressurized external transmission area, sewage treatment area, auxiliary production area, and office and living area, is as follows:

[0180] Ⅰ The crude oil processing area processes the crude oil and transports the processed oil to the storage tank area or the booster transmission area. The separated flash gas is transported to the natural gas processing area for further processing. The sewage generated during the crude oil processing is sent to the sewage treatment area for sewage treatment operations. Therefore, the crude oil processing area is connected to the storage tank area, the booster transmission area, the natural gas processing area and the sewage treatment area through pipelines;

[0181] Ⅱ The natural gas processing area dehydrates and desulfurizes the flash gas from the crude oil processing area, and condensates and recovers the condensate. Qualified natural gas can be sent to the auxiliary production area to supply energy for the station. Therefore, the pipelines of the natural gas processing area, crude oil processing area and auxiliary production area are connected;

[0182] Ⅲ The sewage treatment area treats the sewage from the crude oil processing area, and the treated water with qualified water quality is sent to the water tank in the storage tank area or the domestic water supply station. The water tank in the storage tank area is connected to the water injection area. Therefore, the sewage treatment area is connected to the crude oil processing area, the storage tank area and the office and living area, and the storage tank area is connected to the crude oil processing area and the water injection area.

[0183] The unit pipeline connection cost between the crude oil processing area and the natural gas processing area is 600 yuan / m, the unit pipeline connection cost between the crude oil processing area and the sewage treatment area is 400 yuan / m, and the pipeline connection cost between the remaining blocks is set at 200 yuan / m. The unit land cost per area is 50 yuan / square meter.

[0184] Taking the minimization of the sum of land cost, construction cost and risk cost as the objective function, an optimization model for the layout of facilities in oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment is established to obtain the layout plan of the oil and gas gathering and transportation stations. The solution of the optimization model shows that it is the global optimal solution.

[0185] The various costs of the optimized layout are shown in Table 5, where the total area of ​​the gathering and transportation station is 58995m 3 The total land cost for the construction of a gathering and transportation station is 2,949,750 yuan, which accounts for the largest proportion of the total cost of the construction of a gathering and transportation station; the risk cost is second, which is 721,662.3 yuan; the construction cost is the smallest, which is 102,960.9 yuan; the risk cost accounts for a larger proportion than the construction cost.

[0186] Table 5 Costs of the optimized layout of a gathering and transportation station in an oil field

[0187] Total area of ​​the joint station Construction cost Land cost Risk Cost <![CDATA[58995m 3 ]]> 102960.9 yuan 2949750.00 Yuan 721662.3 yuan

[0188] The coordinate positions of the center points of each block obtained by optimization are shown in Table 6. Based on the optimization results and the size information of each facility, the plane layout diagram of the gathering and transportation station is drawn in the coordinate diagram as shown in Table 6. Figure 2 As shown in Table 6 and Figure 2 It can be seen that the dangerous location - the tank area is located in the upper right corner of the general layout of the joint station, and the nearest blocks are the natural gas processing area and the office and living area (50m away). The crude oil processing area, the core block of the joint station, is located in the lower left corner of the station plane and is the farthest from the tank area. At the same time, it was found through observation that the crude oil processing area and the sewage treatment area are water injection areas. Usually, the process sequence is crude oil processing area-tank area-water injection area, and the optimized layout result violates this connection relationship. The main reason may be that the pipeline connection cost accounts for a low proportion of the total construction cost of the joint station. Therefore, the layout optimization model solution weakens the connection relationship between pipelines. Therefore, in subsequent research, it should be considered how to limit the placement order between blocks to meet the process characteristics of the joint station.

[0189] Table 6 Location of each block in layout optimization results

[0190] Block Name Horizontal axis (m) Vertical coordinate (m) Tank area 218 209 Natural gas processing area 163 131 Water injection area 69.5 106.5 Crude oil processing area 83.5 35 Pressure boosting area 115.5 164 Sewage treatment area 64 176 Auxiliary production area 217.5 67 Office and living area 241.5 131.5

[0191] According to the layout optimization results, the risk value of the tank area is relatively large, the risk cost is high, and the farther the distance from the tank area is, the safer it is. In the layout optimization diagram obtained, the densely populated office and living area and the crude oil processing area with high facility costs are the farthest away from the tank area. The crude oil processing area, sewage treatment area, and water injection area are close together due to the flow of materials.

[0192] In order to further analyze the impact of land cost changes on the optimization results of facility layout in the gathering and transportation station, the land cost per unit area is 50 yuan / m 2 55 yuan / m 2 60 yuan / m 2 70 yuan / m 2 and 75 yuan / m 2 The solution result is as follows. Figure 3-Figure 8 As shown in Figure 2, the changes in construction cost, land cost and risk cost are as follows: Fig. 9 As shown in Table 7, the changes of various costs with unit land cost are shown in Table 7.

[0193] Table 7: Changes of various costs with unit land cost

[0194] <![CDATA[Unit land cost (yuan / m 2 )]]> Construction cost (yuan) Land cost (yuan) Risk cost (yuan) 50 102960.9 2949750 721662.3 55 93370.88 3199185 717340.1 60 93516.69 3461040 717766 65 108928.7 3834675 721629.7 70 90307.66 4037880 717792.3 75 88962.66 4284900 715803.1

[0195] When the land cost per unit area increases by 5 yuan per square meter on the basis of the original cost, the construction cost decreases from 102,960 yuan to 93,370.88 yuan, a decrease of 9.3%; the land cost increases from 2,950,000 yuan to 3,199,185 yuan, an increase of 8.4%; the risk cost decreases from 721,662 yuan to 717,340 yuan, a decrease of 0.5%. When the land cost per unit area increases by 10 yuan per square meter on the basis of the original cost, the construction cost decreases from 10,296 yuan to 93,516 yuan, a decrease of 9.17%; the land cost increases from 2,950,000 yuan to 3,461,040 yuan, an increase of 17.33%; the risk cost decreases from 721,662 yuan to 717,766 yuan, a decrease of 0.5%. When the land cost per unit area increases by 25 yuan per square meter on the basis of the original cost, the construction cost decreases from 102,960 yuan to 88,962 yuan, an increase of 13.59%; the land cost increases from 2,950,000 yuan to 4,284,900 yuan, an increase of 45.26%; the risk cost decreases from 721,662 yuan to 715,803 yuan, a decrease of 0.8%.

[0196] When the unit land cost of the joint station increases, the layout optimization solution will focus more on the result of a smaller footprint, while weakening the impact of construction cost and risk cost. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the total cost of joint station construction shows an overall downward trend, which is in line with the trend of smaller joint station footprint and shorter total pipeline length; the risk cost remains basically unchanged, with slight fluctuations;

[0197] According to the analysis results, the obtained layout results meet some design specifications. Therefore, the layout optimization of the gathering and transportation station considering safety studied in this invention has reference significance for the facility planning of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations to a certain extent.

[0198] The above is only an example of the embodiment of the present specification and is not intended to limit the embodiment of the present specification. For those skilled in the art, the embodiment of the present specification may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiment of the present specification shall be included in the scope of the claims of the embodiment of the present specification.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Collect the process block structure parameters, risk parameters, facility costs and land cost parameters of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station; S2: Constructing the constraint conditions of the facility layout optimization model in the oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment, the constraint conditions include land constraints, non-overlapping constraints and risk constraints; the land constraint relationship is: In the formula, Lx s is the length of block s; Ly s is the width of block s; x s is the horizontal coordinate of the center point of block s; s is the ordinate of the center point of block s; Lx is the length of the entire station; Ly is the width of the entire station; st is the width of the street, which is set to 5m here; The non-overlapping constraint relation is: In the formula, Lx k is the length of another installed block; Ly k is the width of another installed block; is the minimum distance between the center point of block s and the center point of block k in the x-axis direction; is the minimum distance between the center point of block s and the center point of block k in the y-axis direction; The risk constraints include: equipment random risk constraints, equipment inherent risk constraints and equipment chain risk constraints; The random risk constraint takes into account the probability of equipment failure, that is, the possibility of equipment failure under normal operating conditions; the equipment failure probability depends on the equipment damage factor, the enterprise management factor and the general failure probability of the equipment. The constraint relationship is: P f =g ff ·D f ·F MS Where P f is the probability of equipment failure; g ff is the universal failure probability; D f is the equipment damage factor; F MS For enterprise management factors; Equipment damage includes: wall thickness reduction, external damage, stress corrosion, hydrogen-induced cracking, brittle fracture and mechanical fatigue. The equipment damage factor calculation formula is: In the formula, is the wall thickness reduction factor; External damage factors; is the stress corrosion factor; is the hydrogen-induced cracking factor; is the brittle fracture factor; is the mechanical fatigue factor; The inherent risk constraint of the equipment is used to reflect the severity of the consequences caused by equipment failure, and its constraint relationship is: R I =P f ×C In the formula, R I is the inherent risk of the equipment; C is the equipment hazard index; The equipment hazard index calculation formula is: In the formula, G is the flow rate of hazardous substances in the equipment; O1 is the process stability factor; O2 is the external shielding factor of the equipment; O3 is the phase factor of material leakage; G lim is the critical flow rate of hazardous substances in the equipment; MF is the material coefficient; Equipment chain reaction risk refers to the situation where the thermal radiation, overpressure and debris generated after the initial accident of the gas transmission station equipment will cause the failure of nearby equipment, resulting in a chain reaction and causing more serious risks. The method considers the situation where the shock wave overpressure caused by the steam cloud explosion leads to equipment failure; When a leak occurs in the joint station equipment, the initial event probability relationship is: P0=0.04P f In the formula, P0 is the probability of an initial safety accident occurring in the equipment; The shock wave overpressure value caused by the vapor cloud explosion is calculated using the TNT equivalent method, and the total explosion energy of the combustible gas is expressed as: E=1.8αWQ Where, E is the total explosion energy; α is the combustible gas vapor cloud equivalent coefficient; W is the combustible gas mass; Q is the combustion heat of the combustible gas; The maximum overpressure relationship of the explosion shock wave in the positive phase is: Δp=p0exp(-0.9216-1.5058+0.167ln 2 r-0.0320ln 3 r) Where r is the dimensionless distance; The chain reaction probability is calculated using the extended function probability model, and the calculation formula is: Where f is the probability of damage to the target device; Y is the probability unit value of the probability of damage to the target device; The equipment chain risk constraint relationship is: In the formula, R D Equipment interlocking risk; i is the probability of the ith device failing due to the domino effect after the initial event occurs; C i is the risk index of the ith device; S3: Constructing an optimization model for the layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation station facilities based on quantitative risk assessment according to the constraint conditions and the minimum total cost objective function of the layout of the facilities in the station, wherein the minimum total cost of the layout of the facilities in the station includes land cost, construction cost and equipment failure cost; S4: Solve the optimization model of the facility layout of oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment, and obtain a station facility layout plan that is both safe and economical.

2. The method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The optimization of facility layout within the oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment is to quantify the probability of facility failure and the consequences of failure as risk costs through quantitative risk analysis under the condition that the structural parameters, risk parameters, facility costs and land costs of the process blocks of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station are known, and the land cost, construction cost and risk cost are considered together as a cost function, and the optimal solution of the cost function is obtained to obtain the relative positions of the facilities in the station and the layout results.

3. The method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The structural parameters of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the type of process equipment in the block, the specifications of the process equipment and the pipeline connection relationship between the process equipment; the risk parameters of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station include the process treatment medium in the block and the general failure probability of the process equipment; the facility cost of the process block of the oil and gas gathering and transportation station includes the equipment purchase cost and construction cost in the block.

4. The method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The land cost is the total cost of developing, purchasing or leasing land for the gathering and transportation station, and the relationship is: C land =c l L x L y In the formula, C land is the total land cost; c l is the land cost per unit area; The construction cost includes the laying cost of pipelines or cables, and the relationship is: In the formula, C p is the construction cost per unit length; d i,j is the separation distance between devices i and j; The equipment failure cost is the loss caused by the failure of equipment in the station, and its relationship is: C R =sl×R×FC i ×W i Where sl is the service life of the station; R is the accident risk in the station; FC i The cost of facility i; W i is the hazard weight of the facility.

5. The method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The facility layout optimization model for oil and gas gathering and transportation stations based on quantitative risk assessment is solved by a spatial branch and bound method based on reformulation; Numerically, solving non-overlapping constraints is difficult because its result is a non-convex feasible region and there are multiple local optimal solutions. This method introduces a new set of variables to redescribe the non-overlapping constraints and solve the optimization model. The non-overlapping constraints are re-described as follows: In the formula, is the decomposition variable installed on the left side of k by s; is the decomposition variable of s installed on the right side of k; The decomposition variables installed above and below k for s; is the decomposition variable installed on top of k for s; is the decomposition variable installed under k for s; is the decomposition variable installed to the left or right of k.

6. The method for optimizing the layout of facilities in an oil and gas gathering and transportation station based on quantitative risk assessment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The model optimization results include: land cost, risk cost, construction cost and facility distribution coordinates.

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