Carbon dioxide adsorption reaction device

Abstract

This invention discloses a carbon dioxide adsorption reactor, comprising an adsorption tower for adsorbing carbon dioxide from flue gas. The adsorption tower includes a heat exchange mechanism with several heat exchange tube groups arranged along its height. Each heat exchange tube group includes multiple reversible tube groups, each containing multiple heat exchange tubes. These heat exchange tubes absorb heat released by the adsorbent. Adjacent heat exchange tubes are connected by a first bend, and are staggered along the height of the adsorption tower, allowing the coolant within the reversible tube groups to flow in reverse both vertically and axially along the heat exchange tubes. This invention increases the contact area between the heat exchange tubes and the adsorbent, prolongs the residence time of the adsorbent at the heat exchange mechanism, and facilitates sufficient heat exchange between the adsorbent and the heat exchange tubes to absorb the heat released by the adsorbent, thereby improving the adsorption effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of flue gas treatment technology, specifically to a carbon dioxide adsorption reaction device. Background Technology

[0002] Fossil fuel combustion is the main source of carbon emissions in my country. Capturing CO2 from the exhaust gas of fossil fuel combustion is also the current mainstream CO2 capture route. However, traditional carbon capture technologies generally suffer from high energy consumption, especially the organic amine chemical absorption method. In the process of desorbing CO2 by organic amines, steam consumption is large. Steam is a high-quality heat source and has a high cost, resulting in high overall operating costs for carbon capture.

[0003] Besides the organic amine chemical absorption method, traditional carbon capture technology also includes capturing CO2 in flue gas through adsorbents. When the adsorption operation is carried out, the adsorption process of the adsorbent is an exothermic process. Therefore, the lower the adsorption temperature, the higher the adsorption efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, in order to improve the adsorption effect of the adsorbent, it is necessary to cool the adsorbent during the adsorption process. Typically, heat exchange tubes are installed in the adsorption reactor, with flue gas and adsorbent flowing on the tube side and coolant flowing on the shell side of the adsorption reactor. Since flue gas and adsorbent flow on the tube side at the same time, when the cross-sectional area inside the tube is small, the adsorbent causes a large resistance to the upward movement of the flue gas, making it easy for the upward movement to be obstructed. When the cross-sectional area inside the tube is large, it is easy for some of the adsorbent inside the tube to have insufficient heat exchange with the coolant. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to improve and innovate upon the shortcomings and problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a carbon dioxide adsorption reaction device.

[0006] A carbon dioxide adsorption reactor includes an adsorption tower for adsorbing carbon dioxide from flue gas. The adsorption tower is equipped with a heat exchange mechanism, which has several heat exchange tube groups arranged along its height. Each heat exchange tube group includes multiple reversible tube groups, each containing multiple heat exchange tubes. These heat exchange tubes absorb heat released by the adsorbent. Adjacent heat exchange tubes are connected by a first bend, and are staggered along the height of the adsorption tower, allowing the coolant within the reversible tube groups to flow in reverse both along the height and the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes.

[0007] A further approach is to connect adjacent foldback tube groups together with U-shaped tubes, and to make adjacent foldback tube groups mirror symmetrical.

[0008] A further approach is to stagger adjacent heat exchanger tube bundles in the vertical direction.

[0009] A further option is that the heat exchange tubes corresponding to the heat exchange mechanism are supplied with cooling water, and the temperature of the cooling water is not higher than 40°C.

[0010] A further embodiment is that the adsorption tower is provided with a first loading port at the upper end, and a plurality of gas equalization cones are provided at the lower end of the adsorption tower. Ventilation holes are provided on the side walls of the gas equalization cones, and a cone-shaped block is provided in the middle of the lower part of the gas equalization cones. A flue gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the adsorption tower, and the flue gas inlet is located between the gas equalization cones and the cone-shaped block.

[0011] A further embodiment is that the gas equalization cone hopper is provided with an inner cone hopper, and the vent holes are distributed on the outside of the discharge port of the inner cone hopper.

[0012] A further embodiment is that the adsorption tower is connected to a regeneration tower via a pipeline. The regeneration tower is used to heat and regenerate the adsorbent. The regeneration tower is equipped with several heating tube groups. Each heating tube group has multiple heating tubes arranged along the height direction. The heating tubes are connected to each other by a second bend. Adjacent heating tube groups are staggered along the height direction of the regeneration tower, so that the corresponding heating tubes of adjacent heating tube groups are staggered in the height direction.

[0013] A further embodiment is that a second loading port is provided on the top wall of the regeneration tower, and several second discharge ports are provided on the bottom wall of the regeneration tower.

[0014] A further embodiment is that a first steam drum and a second steam drum are provided on the front and rear side walls of the regeneration tower. The first steam drum is positioned higher than the second steam drum. The first steam drum is connected to the air inlet of the heating tube assembly, and the second steam drum is connected to the air outlet of the heating tube assembly.

[0015] A further option is that the adsorbent is a molecular sieve.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The present invention sets up a heat exchange mechanism in the adsorption tower, and the adjacent heat exchange tubes of the heat exchange mechanism are staggered in the height direction of the adsorption tower, so that the coolant in the folding tube group flows back in the height direction and the axial direction of the heat exchange tube, which can increase the contact area between the heat exchange tube and the adsorbent, prolong the residence time of the adsorbent at the heat exchange mechanism, and facilitate the full heat exchange between the adsorbent and the heat exchange tube to absorb the heat released by the adsorbent, thereby improving the adsorption effect of the adsorbent; in addition, the staggered arrangement of adjacent heat exchange tubes in the height direction of the adsorption tower can increase the gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes with the same height, thereby reducing the resistance to flue gas rising.

[0017] (2) Adjacent foldback tube groups are connected together by U-shaped tubes, and the adjacent foldback tube groups are mirror symmetrical, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of adsorbent in the adsorption tower and improves the adsorption effect of adsorbent on carbon dioxide in flue gas.

[0018] (3) The present invention sets a cone-shaped block in the middle of the lower part of the gas equalization cone bucket. The cone-shaped block plays a role in obstructing the material falling in the middle of the adsorption tower, so that the material falling speed is consistent at all parts of the bottom cross section of the adsorption tower.

[0019] (4) The present invention provides an inner cone hopper inside the gas equalization cone hopper, and provides ventilation holes on the side wall of the gas equalization cone hopper. The ventilation holes are distributed on the outside of the discharge port of the inner cone hopper, which avoids the adsorbent from accumulating at the ventilation holes, so that the flue gas can smoothly enter the adsorption tower through the ventilation holes.

[0020] (5) The present invention provides a number of heating tube groups in the regeneration tower to heat and regenerate the adsorbent. The adjacent heating tube groups are staggered in the height direction of the regeneration tower so that the corresponding heating tubes of the adjacent heating tube groups are staggered in the height direction, thereby making the steam temperature in the heating tubes drop slowly in the height direction, which is conducive to the adsorbent fully absorbing the heat of the steam. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the adsorption tower and regeneration tower structures provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adsorption tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the adsorption tower structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom cross-sectional structure of the adsorption tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a top view of the heat exchange mechanism provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the regeneration tower provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a top view of the regeneration tower structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a side view of the heating tube assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Adsorption tower; 2. Regeneration tower; 3. Heat exchange mechanism; 31. Heat exchange tube assembly; 311. Reversing tube assembly; 312. U-shaped tube; 3111. First bend; 3112. Water inlet pipe; 32. Water outlet pipe; 33. First charging port; 4. Flue gas outlet; 5. First discharge port; 6. Flue gas inlet; 7. Gas equalization cone; 8. Ventilation hole; 81. Conical block; 9. Inner cone; 10. Second charging port; 11. Second discharge port; 12. Heating tube assembly; 13. Heating tube; 131. Second bend; 132. First steam drum; 133. Second steam drum; 134. Support leg; 14. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly attached to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0034] Please see Figures 1-8 This invention provides a carbon dioxide adsorption reaction device, including an adsorption tower 1 and a regeneration tower 2. The adsorption tower 1 is used to adsorb carbon dioxide in flue gas with an adsorbent, and the regeneration tower 2 is used to regenerate the adsorbent by heating. The adsorbent in the adsorption tower 1 is introduced into the regeneration tower 2 through a bucket elevator. The adsorption of carbon dioxide in flue gas by the adsorbent is an exothermic process. The adsorbent can be a molecular sieve or zeolite. The adsorption tower 1 and the regeneration tower 2 are installed on the ground by support legs 14, which are located at the four corners of the lower surface of the adsorption tower 1 and the regeneration tower 2.

[0035] To improve the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, a heat exchange mechanism 3 is installed inside the adsorption tower 1. The heat exchange mechanism 3 is used to cool the adsorbent to prevent the adsorbent temperature from becoming too high and inhibiting the adsorption capacity. Cooling water flows through the heat exchange tubes corresponding to the heat exchange mechanism, and the temperature of the cooling water does not exceed 40°C.

[0036] The heat exchange mechanism is equipped with several heat exchange tube groups 31 along its height. Each heat exchange tube group 31 has an inlet pipe 32 and an outlet pipe 33 connected to its two ends. The inlet pipe 32 and outlet pipe 33 are vertically mounted on the adsorption tower 1, allowing multiple heat exchange tube groups to be simultaneously connected to both ends of the inlet pipe 32 and outlet pipe 33. Each heat exchange tube group 31 includes multiple reversible tube groups 311, each containing multiple heat exchange tubes 3111. The central axis of each heat exchange tube 3111 is horizontally positioned, and its outer surface is in direct contact with the adsorbent. Cooling water flowing within the heat exchange tubes 3111 absorbs the heat released by the adsorbent, maintaining adsorption within a relatively stable temperature range. Adjacent heat exchange tubes 3111 are connected together by a first bend 3112, and the adjacent heat exchange tubes 3111 are staggered in the height direction of the adsorption tower 1, that is, the two ends of the first bend 3112 are at different heights, so that the coolant in the folding tube group 311 flows back and forth in the height direction and the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes 3111. In addition, the spaced-apart heat exchange tubes 3111 are flush in height and mirror-symmetrical about the central axis of each other. It can be understood that this can increase the contact area between the heat exchange tubes 3111 and the adsorbent, prolong the residence time of the adsorbent at the heat exchange mechanism 3, and facilitate sufficient heat exchange between the adsorbent and the heat exchange tubes 3111 to absorb the heat released by the adsorbent, thereby improving the adsorption effect of the adsorbent. In addition, since the adjacent heat exchange tubes 3111 are staggered in the height direction of the adsorption tower 1, it helps to increase the gap between the adjacent heat exchange tubes 3111 with flush height, thereby reducing the resistance to flue gas rise. In this embodiment, the gap between adjacent heat exchange tubes 3111 that are flush with each other is set to 25-35mm.

[0037] Preferably, baffles can be provided in the inlet pipe 32 and the outlet pipe 33 to allow the cooling water to circulate sequentially from top to bottom along the heat exchange tube group 31 arranged in the height direction. For example, the cooling water from the external cold source enters from the inlet pipe 32 into one end of the highest heat exchange tube group 31, flows sequentially through the corresponding return tube group 311, and then enters the upper part of the outlet pipe 33 from the other end of the highest heat exchange tube group 31. Then, it enters one end of the second highest heat exchange tube group 31 from the upper part of the outlet pipe 32, flows in the return tube group 311 corresponding to the second highest heat exchange tube group 31, and then enters the inlet pipe 32 from the other end of the second highest heat exchange tube group 31. The above process is repeated so that the cooling water passes sequentially through each heat exchange tube group 31.

[0038] Furthermore, adjacent foldback tube groups 311 are connected together by U-shaped tubes 312, and the adjacent foldback tube groups 311 are mirror-symmetrical, which is conducive to the uniform distribution of adsorbent in the adsorption tower and improves the adsorption effect of adsorbent on carbon dioxide in flue gas. The adjacent heat exchange tube groups 31 are staggered in the height direction, which further increases the contact area between heat exchange tubes 3111 and adsorbent, prolongs the residence time of adsorbent at heat exchange mechanism 3, and is conducive to sufficient heat exchange between adsorbent and heat exchange tubes 3111.

[0039] To facilitate the adsorption of flue gas by the adsorbent, the adsorbent and flue gas are in countercurrent contact within the adsorption tower 1. In this embodiment, a first charging port 4 and a flue gas outlet 5 are provided on the top wall of the adsorption tower 1, and a first discharge port 6 and a flue gas inlet 7 are provided on the bottom of the adsorption tower 1. The bottom of the adsorption tower 1 is conical, with the first discharge port 6 located at the bottom of the cone and the flue gas inlet 7 located on the side wall of the adsorption tower 1. The lower end of the adsorption tower 1 is provided with several gas equalization cones 8. The outer walls of the gas equalization cones 8 located in the middle of the adsorption tower 1 are welded together, and the outer walls of the gas equalization cones 8 located at the edge of the adsorption tower 1 are welded together with the inner wall of the adsorption tower 1. Ventilation holes 81 are provided on the side walls of the gas equalization cones 8. A conical block 9 is provided in the middle of the lower part of the gas equalization cones 8. A flue gas inlet 7 is provided at the bottom of the adsorption tower 1. The flue gas inlet 7 is located between the gas equalization cones 8 and the conical block 9, so that the flue gas enters the interior of the gas equalization cones 8 through the ventilation holes 81, and thus enters the interior of the adsorption tower 1.

[0040] Preferably, an inner cone 10 is provided inside the gas equalization cone 8, and the vent holes 81 are distributed on the outside of the discharge port of the inner cone 10. Since the vent holes 81 are distributed on the outside of the discharge port of the inner cone 10, the adsorbent is prevented from accumulating at the vent holes 81, so that the flue gas can smoothly enter the adsorption tower 1 through the vent holes 81, and the adsorbent will not block the vent holes 81. Therefore, there is no need to set a metal wire mesh inside the vent holes 81 to block the adsorbent, thereby reducing the resistance of the flue gas entering the interior of the gas equalization cone 8.

[0041] It should be noted that by setting a conical block 9 in the lower middle part of the gas equalization cone 8, the conical block 9 plays a role in obstructing the material falling from the middle of the adsorption tower 1, so that the material falling speed is consistent at all parts of the bottom cross section of the adsorption tower 1.

[0042] To regenerate the adsorbent that adsorbs carbon dioxide, the first discharge port 6 of the adsorption tower 1 is connected to a regeneration tower 2 via a pipe. The regeneration tower 2 is used for heating and regenerating the adsorbent. The top wall of the regeneration tower 2 has a second loading port 11, and the bottom wall has several second discharge ports 12. Several heating tube groups 13 are installed inside the regeneration tower 2. Each heating tube group 13 has multiple heating tubes 131 arranged along its height. The heating tubes 131 are connected to each other via second bends 132. Adjacent heating tube groups 13 are staggered along the height of the regeneration tower 2, so that the corresponding heating tubes 131 of adjacent heating tube groups 13 are staggered in the height direction. As the adsorbent falls downwards inside the regeneration tower 2, the heating tubes 131 can fully contact the adsorbent. The steam temperature inside the heating tubes 131 decreases gradually along the height direction, which is beneficial for the adsorbent to fully absorb the heat from the steam, thereby improving the regeneration effect.

[0043] It should be noted that the heating medium inside the heating tube 131 can be hot water, hot flue gas, steam, or heat transfer oil, etc.

[0044] It should be noted that since most of the components in the flue gas are discharged into the external environment through the adsorption reactor 1, only desorbed carbon dioxide gas exists in the regeneration reactor 2; therefore, the flow of flue gas does not need to be considered in the regeneration tower 2, nor is it necessary to consider reducing the upward resistance of the flue gas; therefore, the multiple heating tubes 131 corresponding to the heating tube group 13 are not staggered, which helps to reduce the gap between adjacent heating tube groups 13, thereby facilitating full contact between the adsorbent and the outer surface of the heating tube 131. In this embodiment, the gap between adjacent heating tube groups 13 is set to 3-8 mm.

[0045] The regeneration tower 2 is provided with a first steam drum 133 and a second steam drum 134 on its front and rear side walls. The first steam drum 133 is higher than the second steam drum 134. The first steam drum 133 is connected to the air inlet of the heating tube group 13, and the second steam drum 134 is connected to the air outlet of the heating tube group 131.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0047] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0048] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. The reference to "embodiment" herein means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily indicate the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus, characterized in that: The system includes an adsorption tower (1) for adsorbing carbon dioxide in flue gas. The adsorption tower (1) is equipped with a heat exchange mechanism (3). The heat exchange mechanism (3) is equipped with several heat exchange tube groups (31) along the height direction. The heat exchange tube group (31) includes multiple reversing tube groups (311). The reversing tube group (311) includes multiple heat exchange tubes (3111). The heat exchange tubes (3111) are used to absorb the heat released by the adsorbent. Adjacent heat exchange tubes (3111) are connected together by a first bend (3112). The adjacent heat exchange tubes (3111) are staggered in the height direction of the adsorption tower (1) so that the coolant in the reversing tube group (311) flows back in the height direction and the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes (3111). The adsorption tower (1) is provided with a first loading port (4) at the upper end. The adsorption tower (1) is provided with several gas equalization cones (8) at the lower end. The gas equalization cones (8) are provided with ventilation holes (81) on their side walls. A cone-shaped block (9) is provided in the middle of the lower part of the gas equalization cones (8). The adsorption tower (1) is provided with a flue gas inlet (7) at the bottom end. The flue gas inlet (7) is located between the gas equalization cones (8) and the cone-shaped block (9).

2. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction device according to claim 1, characterized by: Adjacent folding tube groups (311) are connected together by U-shaped tubes (312), and adjacent folding tube groups (311) are mirror-symmetrical.

3. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: Adjacent heat exchanger tube groups (31) are staggered in the height direction.

4. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The heat exchange tube (3111) corresponding to the heat exchange mechanism (3) carries cooling water, and the temperature of the cooling water is not higher than 40°C.

5. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The gas equalization cone (8) is provided with an inner cone (10), and the air vents (81) are distributed on the outside of the discharge port of the inner cone (10).

6. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The adsorption tower (1) is connected to a regeneration tower (2) via a pipe. The regeneration tower (2) is used to heat and regenerate the adsorbent. The regeneration tower (2) is equipped with several heating tube groups (13). Each heating tube group (13) has multiple heating tubes (131) arranged along the height direction. The heating tubes (131) are connected to each other through a second bend (132). Adjacent heating tube groups (13) are staggered in the height direction of the regeneration tower (2) so that the corresponding heating tubes (131) of adjacent heating tube groups (13) are staggered in the height direction.

7. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by: The top wall of the regeneration tower (2) is provided with a second loading port (11), and the bottom wall of the regeneration tower (2) is provided with a number of second discharge ports (12).

8. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by: The regeneration tower (2) is provided with a first steam drum (133) and a second steam drum (134) on its front and rear side walls. The first steam drum (133) is higher than the second steam drum (134). The first steam drum (133) is connected to the air inlet of the heating tube group (13), and the second steam drum (134) is connected to the air outlet of the heating tube group (13).

9. The carbon dioxide adsorption reaction apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by: The adsorbent is a molecular sieve or zeolite.

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