A device for space electron beam welding test

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of for space electron beam welding test device, comprising: equipment controller, inside the box is placed, with moving mechanism, infrared thermal imaging detector and electron beam gun connection;Mobile control instruction is sent to moving mechanism, and the detection of structural temperature field distribution performance;Electron beam gun, the electron beam generated, for the welding, cutting or additive forming on test workpiece after heating and melting of metal wire;Excess protection device is placed below electron beam gun, to prevent metal droplet on test workpiece from flying out.Infrared thermal imaging detector, the cutting, welding and additive process of electron beam gun are photographed;Temperature is measured;Moving mechanism moves according to mobile control instruction;Radiation plate radiates heat generated to the outside of box;Test workpiece is placed on the upper surface of excess protection device, excess protection device is connected with moving mechanism, moves with moving mechanism, drives test workpiece to move, realizes the processing of test workpiece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a space electron beam welding test device, belonging to the field of space welding and on-orbit manufacturing technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening of my country's manned spaceflight, lunar exploration, and space resource development, large-scale metal sealing structures face the challenge of long-term on-orbit service. Due to the impact of space particles or space debris, these structures are at risk of damage; in-situ resource utilization on the lunar surface and the manufacturing of large structures also present challenges for on-orbit production. Researching and validating on-orbit manufacturing methods and equipment can achieve the goals of on-orbit maintenance and on-orbit manufacturing.

[0003] Electron beams possess advantages such as high energy utilization, high equipment reliability, and good adaptability to vacuum environments, making them considered the most suitable space heat source for on-orbit manufacturing. The external environment of the space station involves extreme heat and cold cycles, high vacuum, atomic oxygen corrosion, solar ultraviolet radiation, and high-energy cosmic radiation, posing challenges to outer space experiments. Space electron beam welding methods can achieve multiple functions such as cutting, welding, and additive manufacturing of metallic materials. Therefore, a method suitable for space electron beam welding experiments needs to be developed, taking into account the technical applications, space environment characteristics, and process difficulties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a space electron beam welding test device that solves welding process problems such as heat dissipation, electron gun movement, foreign matter control and welding process detection.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0006] This invention discloses a space electron beam welding test apparatus, comprising: an equipment controller, an infrared thermal imaging detector, an electron beam gun, a foreign object protection device, a moving mechanism, a housing, and a radiation plate; wherein;

[0007] The equipment controller, located inside the housing, is connected to the moving mechanism, infrared thermal imaging detector, and electron beam gun. It enables the feeding of the electron beam gun and the supply of power to the electron beam gun. Based on the image information and temperature measurement values ​​sent by the infrared thermal imaging detector, it sends movement control commands to the moving mechanism and detects the structural temperature field distribution performance.

[0008] An electron beam gun, connected to a moving mechanism, generates an electron beam that is used to heat and melt metal wires for welding, cutting, or additive manufacturing on test workpieces.

[0009] A foreign object protection device is placed below the electron beam gun to prevent molten metal droplets from floating out of the test workpiece.

[0010] An infrared thermal imaging detector is placed on one side of the electron beam gun to capture images of the cutting, welding, and additive manufacturing processes of the electron beam gun. The captured images are processed to obtain image information; the temperature is measured, and the image information and temperature measurement values ​​are sent to the equipment controller.

[0011] The moving mechanism moves according to the moving control command from the equipment controller;

[0012] Radiant panels are installed on the outer side of the enclosure to radiate heat outwards from the enclosure.

[0013] The test workpiece is placed on the upper surface of the foreign object protection device. The foreign object protection device is connected to the moving mechanism and moves with the moving mechanism, thereby moving the test workpiece and realizing the processing of the test workpiece.

[0014] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned test apparatus, the moving mechanism includes a Z-axis moving mechanism and an XY moving mechanism. The electron beam gun is connected to the Z-axis moving mechanism and moves up and down with the Z-axis moving mechanism to adjust the electron beam gun focusing or control the additive height. The XY moving mechanism realizes the planar trajectory movement of the test workpiece through XY plane motion.

[0015] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned experimental apparatus, the electron beam gun is a two-stage gun or a three-stage gun, and the wire feeding method is coaxial wire feeding or off-axis wire feeding.

[0016] Furthermore, the above-mentioned test apparatus also includes a heat-conducting cable, one end of which is connected to a foreign object protection device and the other end of which is connected to a radiation plate; the heat-conducting cable conducts heat from the workpiece substrate to the chamber wall.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned experimental apparatus, the heat-conducting cable is made of multilayer graphene heat-conducting film.

[0018] Furthermore, in the aforementioned testing apparatus, the foreign object protection device includes: a protective box, a protective cover, and a spring shaft. The protective box is an upward-opening box. A guide groove is provided at the opening of the protective box. The protective cover is a flexible strip, one end of which is wrapped around the spring shaft, and the other end is placed on the upper surface of the box through the guide groove to seal the upper opening of the protective box. A testing fixture is inserted from the end of the guide groove away from the spring shaft, and the flexible strip is retracted onto the spring shaft under the pressure of the testing fixture. When the testing fixture is removed, the protective cover extends outward under the elastic action of the spring shaft, thereby automatically closing the box and preventing foreign objects inside the box from floating out.

[0019] Furthermore, in the aforementioned test apparatus, the protective cover is made of titanium alloy or stainless steel.

[0020] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned test apparatus, the infrared thermal imaging detector acquires the thermal radiation distribution on the surface of the test workpiece structure and converts the thermal radiation into image information through photoelectric image processing.

[0021] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned test apparatus, the detection of the structural temperature field distribution performance specifically includes:

[0022] Image feature information is obtained by enhancing image details, improving contrast, and suppressing noise in the image information to enhance infrared feature information;

[0023] Based on the image feature information, a radiation attenuation correction model is established using the dual-band infrared radiation thermometry method to compensate for the temperature measurement value.

[0024] Based on the temperature compensation value, the temperature distribution gradient map of the object surface is calculated to realize the performance detection of the temperature field distribution of the structure.

[0025] Furthermore, the aforementioned test apparatus also includes a wire feeder, which is installed in the housing to feed metal wires to the electron beam gun.

[0026] The advantages of this invention over the prior art are as follows:

[0027] (1) The present invention uses graphene heat conduction cable technology to achieve rapid heat dissipation on the surface of the test workpiece, which helps the surface molten metal to solidify, especially in additive manufacturing.

[0028] (2) The present invention adopts a foreign matter collection device scheme, which realizes the collection of foreign matter on the back side during the cutting process and solves the problem of foreign matter protection during the test process.

[0029] (3) The present invention adopts an infrared thermal imaging detector detection scheme, which realizes the integration of video recording, photography and temperature measurement in the welding, cutting and additive manufacturing process, increases the data of the space test process, and solves the problem of difficult temperature measurement in the welding process.

[0030] (4) The present invention adopts a motion scheme in which the Z-axis and the XY plane are separated. The Z-axis does not move with the X and Y axes, which reduces the design difficulty of the electron beam gun muzzle wire feeding function and makes the motion process reliable. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental device of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the foreign object protection device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the measurement results of the infrared thermal imaging detector of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a space electron beam welding test apparatus, comprising: an equipment controller 7, an infrared thermal imaging detector 3, an electron beam gun 2, a foreign object protection device 5, a moving mechanism, a housing 6, and a radiation plate 9; wherein;

[0036] The equipment controller 7 is located inside the housing 6 and is connected to the Z-moving mechanism 8, the XY-moving mechanism 11, the infrared thermal imaging detector 3, and the electron beam gun 2. This enables the movement of the electron beam gun 2 and the test workpiece 4, and also enables functions such as wire feeding and power supply of the electron beam gun 2. Furthermore, the infrared thermal imaging detector 3 can collect image information and temperature measurement values ​​during the welding process in real time.

[0037] Electron beam gun 2 is connected to Z-movement mechanism 8. The electron beam gun can be a two-stage gun or a three-stage gun. It generates a focused electron beam inside, which can melt the welding wire fed by wire feeder 1 through coaxial or off-axis wire feed. After the welding wire is heated and melted, it is used for wire welding or additive forming on test workpiece 4.

[0038] Foreign matter protection device 5 is placed below electron beam gun 2 to prevent molten metal droplets from floating out of the test workpiece.

[0039] The infrared thermal imaging detector 3 is placed on one side of the electron beam gun 2 to capture images of the cutting, welding and additive manufacturing processes of the electron beam gun 2, and to measure the temperature in real time. The imaging results and measurement results are then sent to the equipment controller 7.

[0040] The moving mechanism includes a Z-moving mechanism 8 and an XY-moving mechanism 11. According to the moving control instructions of the equipment controller 7, it can realize linear interpolation and circular interpolation in the XY plane, and vertical movement along the Z axis, thereby fulfilling the functional requirements of welding, cutting and additive manufacturing.

[0041] The radiant plate 9 is installed on the outer side of the box 6. The foreign object protection device 5 is connected to the radiant plate 9 through the heat conduction cable 10. The heat conduction cable 10 is in the form of a multi-layer graphene heat conduction film, which can radiate heat generated during welding, cutting and additive manufacturing to the outside of the box 6.

[0042] The electron beam gun 2 is mounted on the Z-axis moving mechanism 8, which controls the up and down movement of the electron beam gun.

[0043] If equipped with a wire feeding mechanism, a wire feeding tray 1 is fixed on the housing 6. An infrared thermal imaging detector 3 is placed on one side of the electron beam gun 2 to observe the cutting, welding, and additive manufacturing processes and to measure the temperature in real time.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown in the diagram, this is a detailed schematic of the foreign object protection device. The test fixture 23 is placed above the foreign object protection device 5. The foreign object protection device 5 contains a spring shaft 24. Below the test fixture 23 is a beam avoidance area 22 to prevent the beam from damaging other products and to collect molten metal droplets. When the test workpiece 3 is removed, the spring shaft 4 pushes the protective cover 21 to move, preventing molten metal droplets from floating out.

[0045] The protective cover 1 is made of titanium alloy or stainless steel and must not be magnetic to prevent the electron beam from being deflected.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the cutting, welding and additive manufacturing processes in the space electron beam welding experimental device can be recorded by an infrared thermal imaging detector, and the temperature of the process can be measured in real time.

[0047] The workpiece moves along the X and Y axes, while the electron beam gun head mechanism moves along the Z axis, achieving decoupling of the workpiece and gun head motions. The workpiece's planar trajectory is achieved through XY plane motion, and height control is achieved by adjusting the Z-axis movement of the gun head, thus controlling the electron beam gun's focusing or additive manufacturing height. The electron beam gun can be a two-stage or three-stage gun, and the wire feeding method can be coaxial or off-axis.

[0048] The thermal control system of the experimental apparatus comprises two main parts: reliable operation under high and low temperature environments outside the chamber and continuous workpiece cooling control during hot processing. The chamber wall temperature control employs passive thermal control (such as a heat radiation plate); workpiece cooling utilizes a flexible thermally conductive structure. The workpiece cooling system needs to support continuous movement in both the X and Y directions during operation. In this invention, the flexible thermally conductive structure uses flexible graphene high thermal conductivity cables to conduct heat from the workpiece substrate to the chamber wall. The multilayer graphene thermally conductive film possesses excellent planar thermal conductivity and is also lightweight, making it a preferred heat dissipation or heat transfer material for current thermal conductive cables.

[0049] The test workpiece is protected by a foreign object protection device. Inside the box is a spring protective cover. During the space electron beam cutting or welding process, foreign objects such as molten metal droplets may be generated. The protective box on the back prevents metal from splashing. After welding, the spring protective cover will automatically close during the removal of the workpiece to prevent foreign objects from floating out.

[0050] To address the need for monitoring the temperature evolution of space structures during on-orbit electron beam welding, a high-resolution infrared thermal imaging detector is used to acquire the thermal radiation distribution on the structural surface. Photoelectric image processing is then employed to convert the thermal radiation into image information. Simultaneously, the infrared feature information is enhanced through algorithms such as improving image details, increasing contrast, and suppressing noise. A radiation attenuation correction model is established using a dual-band infrared radiation thermometry method to compensate for the temperature measurements, calculating the temperature distribution gradient map of the object's surface, thus enabling the detection of the structural temperature field distribution performance.

[0051] This experimental method enables the electron beam gun to move in three-dimensional space, and the decoupling of planar and vertical movement facilitates workpiece thermal control. Using flexible heat-conducting cables for workpiece heat dissipation achieves high-efficiency cooling; a high-resolution infrared thermal imaging detector enables simple and efficient temperature measurement by detecting the temperature field distribution.

[0052] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

[0053] The contents not described in detail in this specification are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A testing apparatus for space electron beam welding, characterized in that, include: The equipment includes a controller (7), an infrared thermal imaging detector (3), an electron beam gun (2), a foreign object protection device (5), a moving mechanism, a housing (6), and a radiation plate (9); among which; The equipment controller (7) is located inside the housing (6) and is connected to the moving mechanism, the infrared thermal imaging detector (3) and the electron beam gun (2). It can feed the wire to the electron beam gun (2) and supply power to the electron beam gun (2). Based on the image information and temperature measurement value sent by the infrared thermal imaging detector (3), it sends the moving control command to the moving mechanism and detects the temperature field distribution performance of the structure. The electron beam gun (2) is connected to the moving mechanism and generates an electron beam to heat and melt the metal wire and then weld, cut or additively shape it on the test workpiece. Foreign matter protection device (5) is placed below electron beam gun (2) to prevent molten metal droplets from floating out of the test workpiece; An infrared thermal imaging detector (3) is placed on one side of the electron beam gun (2) to capture images of the cutting, welding and additive manufacturing processes of the electron beam gun (2), process the captured images to obtain image information, measure the temperature, and send the image information and temperature measurement values ​​to the device controller (7). The moving mechanism moves according to the moving control command of the equipment controller (7); Radiation plate (9) is installed on the outer side of the box (6) to radiate heat generated to the outside of the box (6); The test workpiece is placed on the upper surface of the foreign object protection device (5). The foreign object protection device (5) is connected to the moving mechanism and moves with the moving mechanism, thereby moving the test workpiece and realizing the processing of the test workpiece.

2. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism includes a Z-axis moving mechanism (8) and an XY moving mechanism (11). The electron beam gun (2) is connected to the Z-axis moving mechanism (8) and moves up and down with the Z-axis moving mechanism (8) to adjust the electron beam gun focus or control the additive height. The XY moving mechanism (11) realizes the planar trajectory movement of the test workpiece through XY plane motion.

3. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electron beam gun (2) is a level 2 or level 3 gun, and the wire feeding method is coaxial wire feeding or off-axis wire feeding.

4. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a heat-conducting cable (10), one end of which is connected to the foreign object protection device (5) and the other end is connected to the radiation plate (9); the heat-conducting cable (10) conducts the heat of the workpiece substrate to the bulkhead.

5. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that: The heat-conducting cable (10) is made of multilayer graphene heat-conducting film.

6. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The foreign object protection device (5) includes: a protective box, a protective cover (21) and a spring shaft (24), wherein the protective box is a box with the opening facing upward; a guide groove is provided at the opening of the protective box; the protective cover (21) is a flexible strip, one end of which is wrapped around the spring shaft (24), and the other end is placed on the upper surface of the box through the guide groove to close the upper opening of the protective box; a test fixture (23) is inserted from the end of the guide groove away from the spring shaft (24), and the flexible strip is returned to the spring shaft (24) under the pressure of the test fixture (23); when the test fixture (23) is removed, the protective cover (21) extends outward under the elastic action of the spring shaft (24) to realize the automatic closing of the box and prevent foreign objects inside the box from floating out.

7. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protective cover (21) is made of titanium alloy or stainless steel.

8. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The infrared thermal imaging detector (3) acquires the thermal radiation distribution on the surface of the test workpiece structure and converts the thermal radiation into image information through photoelectric image processing.

9. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection of the structural temperature field distribution performance specifically includes: The image information is enhanced by image detail enhancement, contrast improvement, and noise suppression to enhance infrared feature information, thereby obtaining image feature information; Based on the image feature information, a radiation attenuation correction model is established using the dual-band infrared radiation thermometry method to compensate for the temperature measurement value. Based on the temperature compensation value, the temperature distribution gradient map of the object surface is calculated to realize the performance detection of the structural temperature field distribution.

10. The space electron beam welding test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a wire feeder (1), which is installed in the housing (6) to feed metal wires to the electron beam gun (2).

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