A biological dust suppressant

Abstract

The present invention relates to a biological dust suppressant, belonging to the technical field of dust suppressants. By weight, it includes 1-3 parts of water-absorbing resin, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 2-4 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of mushroom bran cellulose, 3-4 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 1.5-2 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and water is added to make up 1000 parts. The biological dust suppressant of the present invention has a good dust suppression effect, is easy to spray, and at the same time has the characteristics of wettability, consolidation, water absorption and water retention, and has good moisture absorption and desorption performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of dust suppressants, and relates to a biological dust suppressant, which can reduce dust pollution. Background Art

[0002] Currently, the main means of suppressing construction dust include water spraying for dust suppression, covering method for dust suppression, spray dust suppression, ultrasonic dust suppression, etc. Water spraying for dust suppression suppresses the flying of dust by spraying water to increase the water content wetting rate, but the dust suppression period is short, the economic cost is high, and the overall dust suppression effect is not obvious. The covering method for dust suppression requires covering with tarpaulins, which consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, and there will be secondary pollution due to the corrosiveness of the tarpaulins. Spray dust suppression and ultrasonic dust suppression are extremely costly and have poor dust suppression effects. In view of the fact that the above several common means all have certain defects that cannot be overcome, researchers at home and abroad hope to find an economical and effective method to suppress construction dust. In recent years, the method of using biochemical dust suppressants to suppress construction dust has received extensive attention. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a biological dust suppressant, which adsorbs and fixes dust in the ways of wetting, coagulating and solidifying, and has the characteristics of wettability, solidifying property, water absorption and water retention.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve its purpose:

[0005] A biological dust suppressant, by weight, comprises 1-3 parts of water-absorbing resin, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 2-4 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of mushroom bran cellulose, 3-4 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 1.5-2 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and water is added to make up to 1000 parts.

[0006] Further, the water-absorbing resin is one or any combination of carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethylated starch, and sodium polyacrylate.

[0007] Further, the water-retaining agent is one or any combination of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, glycerol, and sucrose.

[0008] Further, the mushroom bran cellulose is prepared by the following method:

[0009] A. Wash the mushroom bran, dry it at 50-60°C for 15-20 min, pulverize it, and sieve it through a 50-60 mesh sieve;

[0010] B. Add a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5%-6%, heat it in a boiling water bath for 50-60 min, centrifuge it, rinse it with water 3-4 times, filter it, dry it, pulverize it, and sieve it through a 50-60 mesh sieve to obtain the initial product of mushroom bran;

[0011] C. Add the initial product of mushroom residue into absolute ethanol, add sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 18 - 20%, stir at 30 - 40 °C for 60 - 90 min, then add monochloroacetic acid, raise the temperature to 50 - 60 °C, stir for 50 - 60 min, add N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and stir for 90 - 120 min, adjust the pH to 6.5 - 7.5, wash with absolute ethanol, filter by suction and dry to obtain mushroom residue cellulose.

[0012] Further, in step A, the mushroom residue is lentinula edodes mushroom residue or pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue, and the specification requirements of the mushroom residue are that the crude fiber > 30% and the ash content < 8%.

[0013] Further, in step B, the mass - to - volume ratio of the mushroom residue to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(15 - 20).

[0014] Further, in step C, the mass - to - volume ratio of the initial product of mushroom residue to absolute ethanol is 1:(30 - 40).

[0015] Further, in step C, the mass - to - volume ratio of the initial product of mushroom residue to the sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(15 - 20).

[0016] Further, in step C, the mass ratio of the initial product of mushroom residue to monochloroacetic acid is (3 - 3.5):1.

[0017] Further, in step C, the mass ratio of the initial product of mushroom residue to N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide is 1:0.05 - 0.08.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] The biological dust suppressant of the present invention has a good dust suppression effect, is easy to spray, and at the same time has the characteristics of wettability, consolidation, water absorption and water retention. The viscosity of the biological dust suppressant is 100 - 115 mPa·s, the surface tension is 44 - 46 mN / m, the solid content is 0.8 - 1%, and it has good moisture absorption and desorption performance. When specifically used, the biological dust suppressant can also be diluted according to the situation. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It is the dust suppression effect of the biological dust suppressant on PM2.5.

[0021] Figure 2 It is the dust suppression effect of the biological dust suppressant on PM10. Detailed Embodiments

[0022] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. I. Specific Embodiment

[0024] Raw material preparation:

[0025] Carboxymethyl cellulose (analytical pure, Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.);

[0026] Sodium carboxymethyl starch (analytical pure, Shandong Yousuo Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.);

[0027] Sodium polyacrylate (analytical pure, Langfang Qianyao Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0028] Hydroxyethyl cellulose (analytical pure, Tianjin TEDA Letai Chemical Co., Ltd.)

[0029] Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (analytical pure, Hubei Widely Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)

[0030] Glycerol (industrial grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)

[0031] Sucrose (industrial grade, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.)

[0032] Nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (superior grade, Shandong Xinquansheng Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0033] Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (analytical pure, Tianjin Yongda Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.);

[0034] Sodium hydroxide (analytical pure, Langfang Qianyao Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0035] Absolute ethanol (industrial grade, Shandong Liansheng Chemical Co., Ltd.)

[0036] Monochloroacetic acid (industrial grade, Shandong Xuchen Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.)

[0037] N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (industrial grade, Hubei Wande Chemical Co., Ltd.)

[0038] Lentinula edodes mushroom residue, provided by the Science and Technology Demonstration Base for the Edible Mushroom Industry in Fuping County, with a detected crude fiber content of 31.53% and an ash content of 7.62%.

[0039] Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue, provided by the Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom planting base in Daming County, Handan City, Hebei Province, with a detected crude fiber content of 34.61% and an ash content of 7.89%.

[0040] Example 1

[0041] Preparation of mushroom residue cellulose:

[0042] A. Take 30 g of Lentinula edodes mushroom residue, wash it, dry it at 55 °C for 18 min, pulverize it, and sieve it through a 50-mesh sieve;

[0043] B. Add 500 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5%, heat it in a boiling water bath for 50 min, centrifuge it, rinse it with water 4 times, filter it, dry it, pulverize it, and sieve it through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the initial product of mushroom residue;

[0044] C. Take 10 g of the initial product of mushroom residue and add it to 350 mL of absolute ethanol. Add 180 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 20%, stir it at 30 °C for 90 min, then add 3 g of chloroacetic acid, raise the temperature to 60 °C, stir it for 50 min, add 0.6 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and stir it for 120 min, adjust the pH to 7, wash it with absolute ethanol, filter it and dry it to obtain mushroom residue cellulose.

[0045] A kind of biological dust suppressant, by weight, includes 1 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 g of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 0.6 g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 0.2 g of glycerol, 3 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 4 g of mushroom residue cellulose, 3 g of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 1.8 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and water is added to make up to 1000 g.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Preparation of mushroom residue cellulose:

[0048] A. Take 30 g of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom residue, wash it, dry it at 50 °C for 20 min, pulverize it, and sieve it through a 60-mesh sieve;

[0049] B. Add 600 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5%, heat it in a boiling water bath for 55 min, centrifuge it, rinse it with water 4 times, filter it, dry it, pulverize it, and sieve it through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain the initial product of mushroom residue;

[0050] C. Take 10 g of the initial product of mushroom residue and add it to 300 mL of absolute ethanol. Add 150 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 18%, stir it at 35 °C for 80 min, then add 3.3 g of chloroacetic acid, raise the temperature to 55 °C, stir it for 55 min, add 0.8 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and stir it for 100 min, adjust the pH to 7.2, wash it with absolute ethanol, filter it and dry it to obtain mushroom residue cellulose.

[0051] A kind of biological dust suppressant, by weight, includes 1 g of sodium polyacrylate, 0.4 g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 0.1 g of sucrose, 2 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3 g of mushroom residue cellulose, 3 g of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 1.5 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and water is added to make up to 1000 g.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] Preparation of mushroom residue cellulose:

[0054] A. Take 30 g of Lentinula edodes mushroom residue, wash it, dry it at 60 °C for 15 min, crush it, and pass through a 50-mesh sieve;

[0055] B. Add 450 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 6%, heat it in a boiling water bath for 60 min, centrifuge it, rinse it with water 4 times, filter it, dry it, crush it, and pass through a 50-mesh sieve to obtain the initial product of mushroom residue;

[0056] C. Take 10 g of the initial product of mushroom residue and add it to 400 mL of absolute ethanol. Add 200 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 19%, stir it at 40 °C for 60 min, then add 3.1 g of monochloroacetic acid, raise the temperature to 50 °C, stir for 60 min, add 0.7 g of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and stir for 110 min, adjust the pH to 6.9, wash it with absolute ethanol, filter it and dry it to obtain mushroom residue cellulose.

[0057] A kind of biological dust suppressant, by weight, includes 2 g of carboxymethyl cellulose, 1 g of sodium carboxymethyl starch, 1 g of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 4 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 5 g of mushroom residue cellulose, 4 g of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 2 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and water is made up to 1000 g.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] The difference from Example 1 is that mushroom residue cellulose is not added.

[0060] II. Effect detection

[0061] 1. Determination of viscosity

[0062] Select a DV3TLV type viscometer to test the viscosity of the biological dust suppressant obtained in "I. Specific Examples", and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Table 1

[0064] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Viscosity mPa.s 112.6 110.4 113.5 103.8

[0065] It can be seen from Table 1 that the biological dust suppressant of the present invention has good viscosity, can achieve the dust suppression effect and does not increase the spraying difficulty of the spraying equipment. Adding mushroom residue cellulose can improve the viscosity of the dust suppressant, increase the cohesion between dust particles, reduce the dispersion degree of dust, and make the dust suppression effect better than that of the dust suppressant without adding mushroom residue cellulose.

[0066] 2. Surface tension determination

[0067] The JZHYI-180 type interfacial tension measuring instrument was selected to test the surface tension of the biological dust suppressant obtained in "I. Specific Embodiments". The results are shown in Table 2.

[0068] Table 2

[0069] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Surface Tension mN / m 45.27 44.08 45.96 46.83

[0070] As can be seen from Table 2, the biological dust suppressant of the present invention has excellent surface tension, indicating good wettability, which is more conducive to adsorbing dust, enabling the dust particles to be completely wetted, increasing the density of the dust particles. Through the measurement of the surface tension, it can be seen that the addition of mushroom bran cellulose has basically no effect on the surface tension.

[0071] 3. Determination of solid content

[0072] Detection method: Accurately measure 1 ml of the biological dust suppressant solution obtained in "I. Specific Embodiments" and pour it into an aluminum box (the mass of the aluminum box is 12.000 g), gently shake it to form a uniform thin film of the solution; then place the aluminum box in a forced-air drying oven at 115 °C and dry it to constant weight, finally take it out and put it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature and weigh it. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0073] Table 3

[0074] Item Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Weight before drying g 12.974 13.105 13.126 12.932 Weight after drying g 12.867 12.906 13.047 12.783 Solid Content % 0.89 0.82 0.93 0.84

[0075] 4. Determination of moisture content

[0076] In a laboratory with a temperature of 20 °C - 26 °C and a relative humidity of 40% - 50%, spray the biological dust suppressant obtained in "I. Specific Embodiments" evenly on the evaporating dish containing the dust sample (the diameter of the evaporating dish is 12 cm) according to a spraying amount of 3 L / m 2 ; after the biological dust suppressant solution penetrates into the dust sample, place it in a constant-temperature forced-air drying oven at 80 °C and dry it for 6 hours, take it out and place it in the laboratory to naturally absorb moisture, observe for ten days, and record the changes in each moisture content respectively. See Table 4.

[0077] Table 4

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] As can be seen from Table 4, the biological dust suppressant of the present invention performs well in terms of moisture content. Through the monitoring of the change in the moisture content, it can be seen that the dust suppressant of the present invention has good moisture absorption and desorption performance.

[0081] 5. Dust suppression detection

[0082] Spray the biological dust suppressant obtained from "I. Specific Embodiments" at the construction site of a certain urban road in Hebei Province. Use a high-pressure airless spraying machine for spraying, and select a Korno PGM-300 dust detector to measure the dust concentration. See the change diagrams of the PM2.5 concentration and the PM10 concentration in Figure 1 and Figure 2 . It can be seen from Figure 1 and Figure 2 that the biological dust suppressant of the present invention has a good adsorption effect on both PM2.5 and PM10, achieving the purpose of dust removal.

Claims

1. A biological dust suppressant, characterized in that, by weight, it includes 1-3 parts of water-absorbing resin, 0.5-1 part of water-retaining agent, 2-4 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 3-5 parts of mushroom bran cellulose, 3-4 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, 1.5-2 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and water is made up to 1000 parts; The mushroom bran cellulose is prepared by the following method: A. Wash the mushroom bran, dry it at 50-60 °C for 15-20 min, crush it, and pass through a 50-60 mesh sieve; B. Add a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 5%-6%, heat it in a boiling water bath for 50-60 min, centrifuge it, rinse it with water 3-4 times, filter it, dry it, crush it, and pass through a 50-60 mesh sieve to obtain a primary mushroom bran product; C. Add the primary mushroom bran product to absolute ethanol, add a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 18-20%, stir and process it at 30-40 °C for 60-90 min, then add monochloroacetic acid, raise the temperature to 50-60 °C, stir for 50-60 min, add N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and stir for 90-120 min, adjust the pH to 6.5-7.5, wash it with absolute ethanol, filter and dry it to obtain mushroom bran cellulose.

2. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, the water-absorbing resin is one or any combination of carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, and sodium polyacrylate.

3. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, the water-retaining agent is one or any combination of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, glycerol, and sucrose.

4. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step A, the mushroom bran is lentinula edodes bran or pleurotus ostreatus bran, and the specification requirements of the mushroom bran are crude fiber > 30% and ash < 8%.

5. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step B, the mass-volume ratio of mushroom bran to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(15-20).

6. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step C, the mass-volume ratio of the primary mushroom bran product to absolute ethanol is 1:(30-40).

7. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step C, the mass-volume ratio of the primary mushroom bran product to sodium hydroxide solution is 1:(15-20).

8. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step C, the mass ratio of the primary mushroom bran product to monochloroacetic acid is (3-3.5):

1.

9. A biological dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, in step C, the mass ratio of the primary mushroom bran product to N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide is 1:(0.05-0.08).

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