A method for factory-oriented single-side cultivation of lentinula edodes

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of lentinus edodes factory directional single side cultivation method, belong to lentinus edodes cultivation technical field, the application adds hydrated silica in lentinus edodes liquid culture medium, effectively controls lentinus edodes ball size using its high friction value, make its flowability stronger, and sodium calcium phosphosilicate can effectively improve lentinus edodes mycelium amount.Red and blue double film bag is used simultaneously with the characteristics of light transmission and oxygen injection, causing the difference in maturity of the surface of the stick, so as to realize the mature face mushroom, non-mature face energy supply.Through the special mushroom cultivation layer frame setting stick independent liquid supplement component, it can not only increase the connection firmness of lentinus edodes stick and frame, but also realize liquid supplement on cultivation layer frame.The application overcomes the difference in evaporation speed of the mushroom surface caused by the stick layer block in the layer frame mode, significantly shortens the lentinus edodes cultivation period, realizes the stable synchronization of stick color change, directional mushroom, precise water replenishment, and has good economic benefits and application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of shiitake mushroom cultivation technology, specifically relating to a method for industrialized directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, domestic industrialized cultivation models for shiitake mushrooms include: indoor shelf-type cultivation using breathable bag substrate beds, modeled after those in South Korea and Japan; indoor brick-pressed cultivation; centralized indoor production and cultivation of spawn logs, followed by shelf-type cultivation in outdoor insulated greenhouses using refrigeration equipment; and short-bag hanging cultivation. While each of these domestic and international shiitake mushroom substrate cultivation models has its advantages, a common challenge is that the mycelial cultivation stage of shiitake mushrooms lasts over 100 days. Once the primordia formation stage begins, the spawn logs remain completely or partially exposed, resulting in significant water loss. Therefore, watering is necessary after each flush of mushrooms. However, the traditional method of watering involves removing the shiitake mushroom logs from the shelves, injecting water using a water injection needle, and then returning them to the shelves. This is time-consuming and labor-intensive, unsuitable for industrialized production. Furthermore, most existing shiitake mushroom logs produce fruiting from the entire log, resulting in uneven energy supply and a relatively small amount of mycelium produced by the existing shiitake mushroom strains. This leads to uneven fruiting and inconsistent mushroom quality, failing to achieve the high efficiency and high quality of industrialized cultivation. Therefore, the present invention provides a method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for the industrialized directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, which effectively overcomes the technical problems of traditional shiitake mushroom logs being moved up and down for watering, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive, unable to meet the needs of industrialized production, and the existing shiitake mushroom logs having uneven energy supply and low mycelium production, resulting in uneven fruiting and inconsistent quality of shiitake mushrooms. This method significantly shortens the shiitake mushroom cultivation cycle, achieves stable and synchronous color change of the logs, directional fruiting, and precise water replenishment, and has good economic benefits and application prospects.

[0004] This invention provides a method for the industrialized directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, wherein the shiitake mushroom is Anxiang No. 2, with preservation number CGMCC NO. 23883, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1, Bagging the culture medium: The culture medium is packed into a red and blue double-layer bag, and a hole is punched in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0006] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 121~126℃ and 0.1MPa for 2.5~3h to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 40~50℃, and then cool it to 20~25℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0007] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating the shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 1.0~5.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT203), 0.1~1.0g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0008] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 in a sunroom. When the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag described in S3. Control the temperature of the sunroom to be 20℃~24℃ and the humidity to be 55%~60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, puncture holes in the translucent blue film and culture for 10~15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0009] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (daytime temperature 20~24℃, nighttime temperature 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to be 18℃~22℃ and the humidity to be 80%~85%.

[0010] S6, harvest, and replenish water to the harvested shiitake mushroom logs through the replenishment component.

[0011] Preferably, in S1, the culture medium is composed of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 55% to 60%.

[0012] Preferably, in S1, the red and blue double-film bag has dimensions of 17cm × 60cm × 0.006cm.

[0013] Preferably, in S1, the diameter of the hole is 6~8mm.

[0014] Preferably, in S3, the size of the shiitake mushroom mother culture is 5mm×5mm×2mm, and the quantity is 3~5 pieces.

[0015] Preferably, in S3, the inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 50-70 mL, and the inoculation rate is 500-600 spawn sticks per hour.

[0016] Preferably, in S4, the depth of the hole is 3-4 cm, and the number of holes is 20-30.

[0017] Preferably, in step S5, each mushroom growing room contains 1000-1500 color-changing shiitake mushroom spawn logs.

[0018] Preferably, the shiitake mushroom logs are placed on a cultivation rack in a solar room. The cultivation rack includes a log support, the shiitake mushroom logs are placed on the log support, and the liquid replenishment component is placed above the shiitake mushroom logs.

[0019] Preferably, 200-250 shiitake mushroom logs are placed on each of the culture racks.

[0020] Preferably, the liquid replenishment component includes a liquid replenishment chamber, a liquid outlet pipe connected to the liquid replenishment chamber, a flow booster pump installed on the liquid outlet pipe, a plurality of drainage pipes connected to the side wall of the liquid outlet pipe, a valve installed on each drainage pipe, a plurality of water injection needles connected to each drainage pipe, and the plurality of water injection needles corresponding one-to-one with the shiitake mushroom spawn.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] This invention addresses the problem of achieving industrialized production of shiitake mushrooms, which requires simple cultivation methods, high efficiency and yield, and large, high-quality mushrooms. The invention first places the shiitake mushroom substrate into red-blue double-layer bags. Utilizing the light-transmitting and oxygen-enriching properties of these bags, a difference in maturity is created on the surface of the substrate, allowing the mature side to bear fruit while the immature side receives energy. This concentrated energy supply ensures large, high-quality mushrooms from a single-sided growth. Liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is used, with the addition of hydrated silica. Its high friction value effectively controls the size of the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn balls, enhancing its fluidity and allowing for a wider distribution of mycelium within the bag. This expands the mycelial surface, shortens the mycelial growth time and cultivation cycle, and increases production capacity. Sodium calcium phosphosilicate effectively increases the mycelial mass. An independent liquid replenishment component for each substrate allows for rapid and efficient replenishment. This method not only replenishes water but also provides other nutrients. This method eliminates the need for manual watering and repositioning, significantly reducing labor intensity and achieving highly efficient water utilization in shiitake mushroom production. When mushrooms are growing on one side, all the substrate logs are on the same vertical plane. During operation of the refrigeration (heating) unit, the cold (hot) air blown from the evaporator does not directly blow onto the logs. Instead, return air flows slowly and evenly across the mushroom buds at a lower speed, promoting transpiration of moisture from the cap surface. Transpiration is the driving force behind shiitake mushroom growth and development. This overcomes the differences in evaporation rates on the mushroom surface caused by the layered cultivation method, which is conducive to synchronized mushroom bud development. Furthermore, since all mushroom surfaces are on the same vertical plane, harvesting is easier, and overall labor costs are reduced by more than two-thirds. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the shiitake mushroom spawn cultivation rack of the present invention;

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 1. Mushroom stick support; 2. Shiitake mushroom stick; 3. Liquid replenishment tank; 31. Liquid outlet pipe; 311. Flow booster pump; 32. Drainage pipe; 321. Water injection needle; 322. Valve. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solutions of this invention, the invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments described are not intended to limit the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental and detection methods described below are conventional methods, and the raw materials and reagents involved are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0027] The present invention places shiitake mushroom logs on a cultivation shelf in a solar room. The cultivation shelf includes a log support 1, the shiitake mushroom logs 2 are placed on the log support 1, and the liquid replenishment component is placed above the shiitake mushroom logs 2.

[0028] The liquid replenishment component includes a liquid replenishment chamber 3, which is connected to a liquid outlet pipe 31. A flow booster pump 311 is installed on the liquid outlet pipe 31. A plurality of drainage pipes 32 are connected to the side wall of the liquid outlet pipe 31. Each drainage pipe 32 is equipped with a valve 322. A plurality of water injection needles 321 are connected to each drainage pipe 32. Each of the water injection needles 321 corresponds one-to-one with the shiitake mushroom stick 2.

[0029] When in use, if the shiitake mushroom logs on a certain layer of the substrate support 1 need to be replenished with liquid (water or nutrient solution), the cultivation personnel can turn on the booster pump 311 and open the valve 322 corresponding to the shiitake mushroom log that needs to be replenished with liquid, and close the valves 322 of the other layers. The liquid enters the corresponding drainage pipe 32 through the outlet pipe 31, and then replenishes the shiitake mushroom logs below through the water injection needle 321 at the corresponding position, which greatly reduces the labor intensity and realizes the efficient use of water sources for shiitake mushroom production.

[0030] The shiitake mushroom mother strain used in this invention is Anxiang No. 2, with the preservation number CGMCC NO. 23883.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0033] S1, Bagging the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red and blue double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and make a hole with a diameter of 6mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0034] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 55%.

[0035] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 121℃ and 0.1MPa for 2.5h to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 40℃, then cool it to 20℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0036] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating three 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 1.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT 203), 0.1g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0037] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 50 mL;

[0038] The inoculation rate is: 500 treatment logs per hour;

[0039] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 200 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 20°C and the humidity to 55%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 20 holes 3cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 10 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0040] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (control the daytime temperature to be 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to be 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to be 18℃ and the humidity to be 80%. Place 1000 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0041] S6, Harvesting.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0044] S1, Packing the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red and blue double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and punch a hole with a diameter of 7mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0045] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 58%.

[0046] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 124℃ and 0.1MPa for 2 hours and 40 minutes to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 45℃, and then cool it to 22℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0047] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating five 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 3.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT 203), 0.5g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0048] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 60 mL;

[0049] The inoculation rate is: 550 treatment logs per hour;

[0050] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 220 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 24℃ and the humidity to 60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 25 holes 3cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0051] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (controlling the daytime temperature to 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to 20℃ and the humidity to 82%. Place 1200 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0052] S6, Harvesting.

[0053] Example 3

[0054] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0055] S1, Bagging the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red and blue double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and punch a hole with a diameter of 8mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0056] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 60%.

[0057] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 126℃ and 0.1MPa for 3 hours to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 50℃, and then cool it to 25℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0058] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating four 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 5.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT 203), 1.0g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0059] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 70 mL;

[0060] The inoculation rate is: 600 treatment logs per hour;

[0061] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 250 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 24℃ and the humidity to 60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 30 holes 4cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 12 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0062] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (controlling the daytime temperature to 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to 22℃ and the humidity to 85%. Place 1500 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0063] S6, Harvesting.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0066] S1, Bagging the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red and blue double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and make a hole with a diameter of 6mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0067] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 56%.

[0068] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 122℃ and 0.1MPa for 2 hours and 50 minutes to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 48℃, then cool it to 24℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0069] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating three 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 2.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT 203), 0.3g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0070] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 65 mL;

[0071] The inoculation rate is: 580 treatment logs per hour;

[0072] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 240 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 20°C and the humidity to 58%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 27 holes 4cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 10 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0073] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (control the daytime temperature to be 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to be 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to be 21℃ and the humidity to be 80%. Place 1100 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0074] S6, Harvesting.

[0075] Example 5

[0076] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0077] S1, Bagging the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red and blue double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and punch a hole with a diameter of 8mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0078] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 59%.

[0079] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 123℃ and 0.1MPa for 2.5h to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 42℃, and then cool it to 23℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0080] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating four 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 4.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT 203), 0.8g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0081] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 55 mL;

[0082] The inoculation rate is: 520 treatment logs per hour;

[0083] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 225 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. When the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 22℃ and the humidity to 60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make holes 4cm deep and 22 holes in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0084] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (controlling the daytime temperature to 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to 19℃ and the humidity to 84%. Place 1400 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0085] S6, Harvesting.

[0086] To further illustrate the effects of the present invention, a comparative example is also provided, as follows:

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] Compared with Example 2, the difference is that the blue and red double film bag is replaced with a black and white double film bag, and a hole is punched in the center of the translucent white film.

[0089] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0090] S1, Packing the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a black and white double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and punch a hole with a diameter of 7mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0091] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 58%.

[0092] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 124℃ and 0.1MPa for 2 hours and 40 minutes to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 45℃, and then cool it to 22℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0093] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating five 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 3.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT 203), 0.5g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0094] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 60 mL;

[0095] The inoculation rate is: 550 treatment logs per hour;

[0096] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 220 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 24℃ and the humidity to 60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 25 holes 3cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0097] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (controlling the daytime temperature to 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to 20℃ and the humidity to 82%. Place 1200 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0098] S6, Harvesting.

[0099] Comparative Example 2

[0100] The difference compared to Example 2 is that 3.0g of hydrated silica was removed from the S3 shiitake mushroom liquid spawn.

[0101] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0102] S1, Packing the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red and blue double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and punch a hole with a diameter of 7mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0103] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 58%.

[0104] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 124℃ and 0.1MPa for 2 hours and 40 minutes to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 45℃, and then cool it to 22℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0105] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating five 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 0.5g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0106] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 60 mL;

[0107] The inoculation rate is: 550 treatment logs per hour;

[0108] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 220 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 24℃ and the humidity to 60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 25 holes 3cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0109] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (controlling the daytime temperature to 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to 20℃ and the humidity to 82%. Place 1200 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0110] S6, Harvesting.

[0111] Comparative Example 3

[0112] The difference compared to Example 2 is that 0.5g of sodium calcium phosphosilicate was removed from the S3 shiitake mushroom liquid spawn.

[0113] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0114] S1, Packing the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red, blue, black and white double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and punch a hole with a diameter of 7mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0115] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 58%.

[0116] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 124℃ and 0.1MPa for 2 hours and 40 minutes to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 45℃, and then cool it to 22℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0117] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating five 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 3.0g hydrated silica (ZEODENT 203), and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days;

[0118] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 60 mL;

[0119] The inoculation rate is: 550 treatment logs per hour;

[0120] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 220 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 24℃ and the humidity to 60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 25 holes 3cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0121] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (controlling the daytime temperature to 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to 20℃ and the humidity to 82%. Place 1200 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0122] S6, Harvesting.

[0123] Comparative Example 4

[0124] Compared with Example 2, the difference is that 3.0g of hydrated silica (ZEODENT203) and 0.5g of sodium calcium phosphosilicate were removed from the S3 shiitake mushroom liquid spawn.

[0125] A method for directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in a factory setting includes the following steps:

[0126] S1, Packing the culture medium: Pack the culture medium into a red and blue double-layer film bag with a size of 17cm×60cm×0.006cm, and punch a hole with a diameter of 7mm in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick;

[0127] The culture medium consists of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the cultivation substrate is 58%.

[0128] S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 124℃ and 0.1MPa for 2 hours and 40 minutes to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 45℃, and then cool it to 22℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate;

[0129] S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating five 5mm×5mm×2mm pieces of "Anxiang No. 2" shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking.

[0130] The inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 60 mL;

[0131] The inoculation rate is: 550 treatment logs per hour;

[0132] S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 on the culture racks in the greenhouse, with 220 shiitake mushroom logs on each rack. Once the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag from S3. Control the temperature in the greenhouse to 24℃ and the humidity to 60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, make 25 holes 3cm deep in the translucent blue film. Cultivate for 15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs.

[0133] S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the cultivation racks and color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃ (controlling the daytime temperature to 20~24℃ and the nighttime temperature to 12~14℃). Control the temperature in the fruiting room to 20℃ and the humidity to 82%. Place 1200 color-changing shiitake mushroom logs in each of the fruiting rooms.

[0134] S6, Harvesting.

[0135] The mycelial growth rate, shiitake mushroom yield, and nutrient composition of the shiitake mushrooms cultivated in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were recorded, and the results are shown in Tables 1-3:

[0136] Shiitake mushroom mycelial growth rate: The mycelial growth rate was measured using the streak plating method. After the mycelium had passed the shoulder, a line was first drawn at the tip of the mycelium as the starting line. When the tip of the mycelium was 5cm from the bottom of the bag, another line was drawn at the tip of the mycelium as the ending line. The distance between these two lines represents the mycelial growth length. Mycelial growth rate = (mycelial growth length / cultivation days) × 100%. Five bags of shiitake mushroom spawn cultivated in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1 were randomly selected for measurement, with each measurement repeated 20 times. The average value was calculated, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0137] Table 1. Growth rate of shiitake mushroom mycelium in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention.

[0138]

[0139] As shown in Table 1, the mycelial growth rate of *Lentinula edodes* was faster when using red-blue double-layer bags in the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, the mycelial growth rate of *Lentinula edodes* in Example 2 was 3.10~3.48 mm / d, while the mycelial growth rate of *Lentinula edodes* in Comparative Example 1 using black-and-white double-layer bags was only 2.41~2.89 mm / d. The mycelial growth rate of *Lentinula edodes* in Example 2 was 19.5% higher than that in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, the red-blue double-layer bags used in the present invention are more conducive to promoting the growth and development of *Lentinula edodes*. Without the addition of hydrated silica and sodium calcium phosphosilicate, the mycelial growth rate of *Lentinula edodes* was slower than that in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, appropriate concentrations of hydrated silica and sodium calcium phosphosilicate can improve the mycelial growth rate of *Lentinula edodes*.

[0140] The yield of shiitake mushrooms in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of this invention is shown in Table 2.

[0141] Table 2. Shiitake mushroom yield in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention.

[0142]

[0143] Note: Fresh shiitake mushrooms with a cap diameter greater than 6cm are considered large mushrooms, those with a cap diameter of 3-5cm are considered medium mushrooms, and those with a cap diameter less than 3cm are considered small mushrooms.

[0144] As shown in Table 2, when using red-blue double-layer bags in this embodiment of the invention, the time for shiitake mushrooms to fill the bag was 63 days, which is 5 days shorter than that of Comparative Example 1 using black-and-white double-layer bags. The average yield per bag and biological efficiency of shiitake mushrooms in this embodiment reached 1.12 kg and 89.6%, respectively, which are 0.33 kg / bag and 26.4% higher than those of Comparative Example 1. Furthermore, when using red-blue double-layer bags in this embodiment, the proportion of large and medium-sized shiitake mushrooms was relatively high, and the contamination rate was low. Compared to Comparative Example 1, Comparative Examples 2-4 had a longer bag-filling time and a higher contamination rate, but had a smaller impact on yield and the ratio of large and medium-sized mushrooms. Therefore, adding appropriate concentrations of hydrated silica and sodium calcium phosphosilicate can shorten the bag-filling time and reduce the contamination rate.

[0145] The nutritional components of the shiitake mushrooms in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of this invention are shown in Table 3.

[0146] Table 3. Nutritional composition of shiitake mushrooms in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 of the present invention.

[0147]

[0148] As shown in Table 3, the carbohydrate content of shiitake mushrooms cultivated using the red-blue double-layer bags in this invention is not significantly different from that of shiitake mushrooms cultivated using the black-and-white double-layer bags in Comparative Example 1. However, the amino acid, protein, polyphenol, and polysaccharide contents of the shiitake mushrooms cultivated in Examples 1-5 of this invention are all higher than those of the shiitake mushrooms cultivated using the black-and-white double-layer bags in Comparative Example 1. Therefore, this invention, by replacing the traditional black-and-white double-layer bags with red-and-blue double-layer bags during shiitake mushroom cultivation, not only promotes the growth and development of shiitake mycelium and increases the yield of shiitake mushrooms, but also facilitates the synthesis and accumulation of nutrients in shiitake mushrooms.

[0149] In summary, the directional unilateral cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms provided by this invention effectively overcomes the difference in evaporation rate on the fruiting surface caused by the layer obstruction of the cultivation sticks in the tiered cultivation mode, significantly shortens the shiitake mushroom cultivation cycle, achieves stable and synchronous color change of the mushroom sticks, directional fruiting, and precise water replenishment, and has good economic benefits and application prospects.

[0150] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for industrialized directional unilateral cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Bagging the culture medium: The culture medium is packed into a red and blue double-layer bag, and a hole is punched in the center of the light-transmitting blue film to obtain the mycelium stick; S2, Mushroom substrate treatment: Sterilize the mushroom substrate from S1 at 121~126℃ and 0.1MPa for 2.5~3h to obtain sterilized mushroom substrate; allow the sterilized mushroom substrate to cool naturally to 40~50℃, and then cool it to 20~25℃ to obtain treated mushroom substrate; S3, Inoculation: Inoculate the treated shiitake mushroom logs from S2 with liquid shiitake mushroom spawn, and cover the inoculated logs with an outer bag to obtain shiitake mushroom logs; the liquid shiitake mushroom spawn is obtained by inoculating the shiitake mushroom mother culture into a culture medium consisting of 200.0g potato, 10.0g glucose, 10.0g sucrose, 2.0g peptone, 1.0g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5g magnesium sulfate, 1.0~5.0g hydrated silica, 0.1~1.0g sodium calcium phosphosilicate, and 1000mL water, and incubating at 21±2℃ and 180r / min for 7-10 days with shaking. S4, Mycelial Culture: Place the shiitake mushroom logs from S3 in a sunroom. When the shiitake mushroom mycelia are connected, remove the outer bag described in S3. Control the temperature of the sunroom to be 20℃~24℃ and the humidity to be 55%~60%. After the shiitake mushroom mycelia have fully grown, puncture holes in the translucent blue film and culture for 10~15 days to obtain color-changing shiitake mushroom logs. S5, Fruiting Management: Transfer the color-changing shiitake mushroom logs from S4 into the fruiting room and cultivate them for 5-7 days at a day-night temperature difference of 8℃~10℃. Control the temperature of the fruiting room at 18℃~22℃ and the humidity at 80%~85%. S6, harvest, and replenish water to the harvested shiitake mushroom logs through the replenishment component.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized by, In S1, the culture medium is composed of 79% hardwood sawdust, 20% wheat bran, and 1% gypsum by mass, and the moisture content of the culture medium is 55%~60%.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, the diameter of the hole is 6~8mm.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the mother shiitake mushroom has a size of 5mm×5mm×2mm and a quantity of 3 to 5 pieces.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the inoculation amount of the shiitake liquid spawn in each of the treated spawn sticks is 50-70 mL, and the inoculation rate is 500-600 spawn sticks per hour.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the depth of the hole is 3-4 cm, and the number of holes is 20-30.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, each mushroom growing room contains 1000-1500 color-changing shiitake mushroom spawn logs.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shiitake mushroom logs are placed on the cultivation rack in the sunroom. The cultivation rack includes a log support (1), the shiitake mushroom logs (2) are placed on the log support (1), and the liquid replenishment component is placed above the shiitake mushroom logs (2).

9. The cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned culture racks contains 200-250 shiitake mushroom logs.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The replenishment component includes a replenishment chamber (3), which is connected to an outlet pipe (31). An booster pump (311) is installed on the outlet pipe (31). Several drainage pipes (32) are connected to the side wall of the outlet pipe (31). Each drainage pipe (32) is equipped with a valve (322). Several water injection needles (321) are connected to each drainage pipe (32). The several water injection needles (321) correspond one-to-one with the shiitake mushroom sticks (2).

Images