A method for modulating oriental tobacco in a low light transmittance high haze value modulating film environment

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of low light transmittance high haze value modulation film environment under tobacco flavor modulation method, including tobacco harvesting, modulation shed building, weathering membrane selection, tobacco string into shed, tobacco modulation management, tobacco unloading, tobacco stack and cover steps.The present application adjusts traditional greenhouse film to low light transmittance high haze value weathering membrane, can block part of light flux, reduce ultraviolet transmittance, reduce tobacco illumination intensity, while increase humidity control ability in shed, avoid the problem that quality reduces when tobacco modulation light directly irradiates and microenvironment temperature and humidity are difficult to control, provide more suitable illumination intensity and controllable temperature and humidity microenvironment for tobacco flavor tobacco leaf that is worn by tobacco wearing machine, effectively solve the shortage of " sugar high alkali low " of yunnan tobacco flavor and the situation that more green and white smoke is generated by current modulation method, improve the internal quality and appearance quality of tobacco flavor modulation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of tobacco agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for modulating oriental tobacco under the environment of a low-transmittance high-haze value modulating film. BACKGROUND

[0002] The oriental tobacco modulating technology in Yunnan mainly promotes greenhouse modulating. The greenhouse modulating can modulate a large number of tobacco leaves in batches, can prevent rain and control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, and is more conducive to tobacco leaf modulating, so that the final tobacco leaf has good maturity and high quality. In the process of oriental tobacco modulating, the most labor-intensive link is tobacco threading. The traditional manual tobacco threading not only consumes time and labor, but also greatly affects the modulating efficiency. In order to break through this bottleneck, the technical personnel in this field have developed a tobacco threading machine to replace manual tobacco threading, which greatly improves the tobacco threading efficiency and provides a feasible technology for the industrial scale development. However, at the same time, compared with manual tobacco threading, the tobacco leaves under the mechanical tobacco threading mode are exposed to the sunlight in a large area (manual tobacco threading: the tobacco leaves are threaded by using a steel needle to thread the line through the main vein at the bottom of the tobacco leaves or the tobacco stems; mechanical tobacco threading: the tobacco leaves are laid flat and then half-stacked and parallelly arranged, and then the tobacco threading machine is used to sew through the tobacco leaves. Therefore, the tobacco leaves are laid flat in a larger area under the mechanical tobacco threading mode than under the manual tobacco threading mode), so that under the existing modulating method, there are more whitened tobacco leaves and green tobacco leaves after modulating, especially the whitened tobacco leaves. The oriental tobacco has heavy green odor, strong irritation, rough smoke, insufficient tobacco aroma, obvious bitterness, spiciness and astringency, and it is difficult to meet the high requirements of international customers. The customers are very sensitive to the whitened tobacco leaves and green tobacco leaves.

[0003] Therefore, according to the analysis and research on the oriental tobacco modulating principle, the application provides an oriental tobacco modulating method suitable for the mechanical tobacco threading mode of the tobacco threading machine by adjusting the existing oriental tobacco modulating mode and the temperature and humidity microenvironment in the greenhouse, continuously improves the internal quality and appearance quality of the tobacco leaves, significantly improves the quality of the tobacco leaves, meets the high requirements of international customers, and meets the product style feature requirements of industrial enterprises. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the above problems, the application provides an oriental tobacco modulating method under the environment of a low-transmittance high-haze value modulating film.

[0005] The specific technical scheme is as follows: An oriental tobacco modulating method under the environment of a low-transmittance high-haze value modulating film, comprising the following steps:

[0006] A, tobacco leaf harvesting: after the oriental tobacco leaves enter the mature period, the tobacco leaves are harvested according to the local weather conditions, the maturity of the tobacco leaves and the number of modulating greenhouses. The 2-3 foot leaves cannot be harvested when the tobacco leaves are harvested, because the internal substances of the tobacco leaves at this position have been decomposed and cannot meet the production standards of the tobacco leaves. The tobacco leaves are not harvested on rainy days, and are harvested 2-3 days after the rain. The tobacco leaves are not harvested when they are wilting;

[0007] B, the modulation of the shed: choose ventilation sunny, high terrain or open land build cover modulation shed, modulation site as far as possible away from livestock and poultry breeding, to avoid livestock and poultry caused by non-smoke impurities; modulation shed around covered with a closed weather membrane;

[0008] C, weather membrane selection: according to the local weather and climate and geographical environment to choose the appropriate weather membrane, or according to the modulation of the shed location and geographical conditions to choose the appropriate weather membrane;

[0009] Transmittance: usually refers to the standard "c" light source a beam of parallel light perpendicular to the material, the light flux through the material and the incident light flux of the light flux through the material ratio of percentage;

[0010] Haze: is the inside or surface of transparent or translucent materials due to light scattering caused by cloud or cloudy appearance. Usually with the scattered light flux through the material and the light flux through the material index of percentage, for this method, only the scattered light flux deviating from the incident light direction 2.5 degrees or more is used to calculate the haze.

[0011] Through the definition of both, it is found that the key point of haze is light diffusion (or called scattered light). When light irradiates on transparent or translucent materials, part of the light will be reflected back (reflected light), part of the light will be absorbed (absorbed light), and part of the light will penetrate the material (transmitted light). But in the transmitted part of the light, some will keep the original propagation direction, called parallel transmission, and the other part of the light will be scattered inside due to the characteristics of the material, which is the scattered light mentioned in the definition of haze. Therefore, haze and transmittance are two different concepts, and the definition, description and calculation method are completely different. Generally speaking, the transmittance and haze are inversely proportional. The transmittance of the material is high, and the haze is low, and vice versa. But the relationship between the two is not always the case, sometimes there are opposite results. For example, frosted glass has high transmittance and large haze. The two are both independent and related optical indicators.

[0012] D, smoke into the shed: according to the different parts of the tobacco, size, maturity (color) of tobacco, and use the tobacco machine to wear tobacco and hang into the modulation shed;

[0013] E, tobacco modulation management: after the tobacco is hung, the average dry bulb temperature in the shed is controlled at about 19-31℃, the average wet bulb temperature is controlled at about 20-28℃, the average relative humidity is controlled at 50%-70%, the tobacco is yellow and dry, and the ventilation is carried out until the tobacco is dried. The modulation time is 15-20 days; during the modulation, the ventilation is carried out by opening the weather membrane during the day to remove the moisture emitted during the tobacco modulation;

[0014] F, tobacco leaves off the shelf: modulating the yellow or brown color of the tobacco leaves in the shed, the moisture content is 14%, the performance of the soft tobacco leaves, tobacco stems are still brittle, hold the tobacco leaves with hands, tobacco leaves can naturally open and not broken, should be timely off the shelf, prevent excessive light into the formation of white smoke or air humidity surge tobacco mildew in the rainy season;

[0015] G, tobacco leaves pile up: off the shelf tobacco leaves are higher in temperature, first placed in a cool environment, when the tobacco leaf temperature and pile up the environment temperature similar, choose a dark, cool, dry place, using two open seal film covering tobacco leaves for tobacco leaves pile up alcohol; during the pile up, regular inspection to prevent mildew of tobacco leaves.

[0016] Further, the different parts of tobacco leaves in step A can be harvested according to the following maturity standards:

[0017] ① Lower leaves: the angle of stem and leaf increases, the leaf color changes from dark green to light green;

[0018] ② Mid-leaf: the angle of stem and leaf increases significantly, the tobacco stem is white, and the leaf color is greenish yellow;

[0019] ③ Upper leaves: the leaf color is yellowish green and can be harvested; the top leaves are cut and harvested when the number of leaves is within 15 and the "central flower withering" is reached.

[0020] Further, the wind force in step B is ≤6 levels.

[0021] Further, the number of supporting modulating sheds in step B is 2 per mu.

[0022] Further, the specifications of the modulating shed are as follows: shed length 6m, side height 0.8m, middle height 1.5m, bar width 1m, divided into 3 bars, nail distance 5cm, shed spacing more than 0.8m.

[0023] Further, in step B, the long side of the weather-resistant film is covered with broken soil, and the wide side is naturally hanging.

[0024] Further, the selection of weather-resistant film in step C is as follows: in high-altitude areas, the light transmittance is 60%-70% and the haze is 70%-80%; in low-altitude areas, the light transmittance is 50%-60% and the haze is 80%-90%; in fields and without shelter, the light transmittance is 50%-60% and the haze is 80%-90%; with buildings and cement ground, the light transmittance is 60%-70% and the haze is 70%-80%.

[0025] Further, in step D, the tobacco string is put into the shed, and the classification is made according to the part of the tobacco leaf. The same part of the tobacco leaf in the same tobacco string is made into natural density, slightly dense in dry season, and slightly sparse in rainy days.

[0026] Further, the number of tobacco strings in the step D is: 180 strings of middle and lower tobacco leaves per shed, 360 strings of upper tobacco leaves per shed.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present application are: the present application adjusts the traditional greenhouse film into a weather-resistant film with low light transmittance and high haze value, which can block part of the light flux, reduce the ultraviolet transmittance, reduce the light intensity of tobacco leaves, increase the humidity control ability in the shed, avoid the direct sunlight of tobacco leaves during conditioning and the difficulty in controlling the temperature and humidity of the micro environment, and effectively solve the problems of "high sugar and low alkali" of Yunnan tobacco and the generation of more green and white smoke during the current conditioning method, and improve the internal quality and appearance quality of tobacco conditioning. The specific performance is as follows:

[0028] (1) After the tobacco leaves enter the maturation period, the chlorophyll generation rate is lower than the decomposition rate, the yellow pigment is exposed, and the tobacco leaves turn yellow. Chlorophyll is very sensitive to light and heat, and after harvesting, the tobacco leaves will not die immediately, but the decomposition of chlorophyll will be accelerated, and the sun exposure will also accelerate the loss of chlorophyll. This stage is called the yellowing period in tobacco leaves. After the improvement, the light intensity and humidity in the conditioning shed are reduced, which can slow down the water loss rate of tobacco leaves, fully decompose chlorophyll, and reduce the occurrence of green smoke.

[0029] (2) Yellow pigment and green pigment are also very sensitive to light and heat, but are relatively resistant. As long as the temperature does not exceed 100 degrees Celsius, the loss of yellow pigment is very slow, but light will accelerate the loss of yellow pigment. After the improvement, the light intensity and humidity in the conditioning shed are reduced, which can reduce the loss rate of yellow pigment and reduce the generation of white smoke.

[0030] (3) After the tobacco leaves are harvested, the respiration of the tobacco leaves will continue to consume the sugar in the tobacco leaves. After the improvement, the light intensity and humidity in the conditioning shed are reduced, which can prolong the duration of tobacco leaf respiration and reduce the sugar content of tobacco leaves. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical problems and technical solutions of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in combination with examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are only used to explain the present application and not to limit the present application.

[0032] The present application is aimed at the problems existing in the current tobacco conditioning method for tobacco leaves conditioned by a mechanical tobacco conditioning machine, i.e., the internal quality of the tobacco leaves after conditioning is poor and more green and white smoke is generated. According to the conditioning principle of tobacco, the present application adjusts the current tobacco conditioning mode and the temperature and humidity micro environment in the shed to provide a tobacco conditioning method suitable for the mechanical tobacco conditioning machine.

[0033] The tobacco leaf is harvested after the tobacco leaf enters the mature period, and the mature tobacco leaf is harvested from the fourth tobacco leaf from the ground upwards.

[0034] A, tobacco leaf harvesting: after the tobacco leaf enters the mature period, the mature tobacco leaf is harvested from the fourth tobacco leaf from the ground upwards;

[0035] B, selection of modulation field and modulation shed building: selecting a field with an altitude of 1100m, no shelter around, open land with wind force of 0-2 levels, far away from livestock and poultry breeding places; building a modulation shed, the specification of the modulation shed is that the shed length is 6m, the side height is 0.8m, the middle height is 1.5m, the shed width is 1m, and the shed is divided into three layers with a nail distance of 5cm;

[0036] C, selection of weather-resistant film: selecting a weather-resistant film with a light transmittance of 50%-60% and a haze of 88%-93% to cover the modulation shed in a closed mode, the long side weather-resistant film is covered with soil, and the wide side weather-resistant film is naturally dropped, which can realize flexible uncovering.

[0037] D, tobacco string into the shed: according to the classification of tobacco leaf parts, the same tobacco string is used to wear the same part of the tobacco leaf, and the natural density is formed, which is slightly dense in dry season and slightly sparse in rainy days; 180 strings / shed for middle and lower part tobacco leaves and 360 strings / shed for upper part tobacco leaves.

[0038] E, tobacco leaf modulation management: after the tobacco leaf is placed on the shelf, the average dry bulb temperature in the shed is controlled at about 19-31℃, the average wet bulb temperature is controlled at about 20-28℃, and the average relative humidity is controlled at 50%-70%, the tobacco leaf is yellow and the strip tip is dry, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out, and the tobacco leaf is dried until the modulation time is 2 months 23 days to 4 months 16 days. During the modulation period, the two sides of the modulation shed are opened every day during the day to remove the moisture emitted by the tobacco leaf during the modulation period, prevent the moisture from being emitted, and form "stale tobacco".

[0039] F, tobacco leaf unloading: the tobacco leaf in the modulation shed presents yellow or brown color, the moisture content is 14%, the tobacco leaf is soft, the tobacco stem is still brittle, the tobacco leaf can be naturally stretched without breaking after holding the tobacco leaf with hands, and the tobacco leaf is unloaded in time to prevent excessive light from entering and causing yellow pigment decomposition to form white smoke or moldy tobacco leaf due to rapid increase of air humidity in rainy season.

[0040] G, tobacco leaf stacking and curing: the temperature of the unloaded tobacco leaf is high, the tobacco leaf is first placed in a cool environment, when the temperature of the tobacco leaf is similar to the temperature of the stacking and curing environment, a light-proof, cool and dry place is selected to stack and cure the tobacco leaf, a circular sealing film with openable two ends is used for stacking and curing the unloaded tobacco leaf. During the stacking and curing period, the tobacco leaf in the sealing film is regularly inspected (stacking and curing tobacco leaf temperature) to prevent moldy tobacco leaf.

[0041] The actual effect of the tobacco leaf modulation is as follows:

[0042] (1) Modulation of the temperature and humidity control situation in the shed:

[0043] ① Average dry-bulb temperature (℃): 19℃-27℃ in March; 20℃-29℃ in April, 1℃-2℃ lower than the original technology modulation shed;

[0044] ② Average wet-bulb temperature (℃): 17℃-24℃ in March; 18℃-25℃ in April, about 1℃ lower than the original technology modulation shed;

[0045] ③ Average relative humidity (%): 40%-70% in March; 45%-71% in April, about 1% higher than the original technology modulation shed.

[0046] (2) Physicochemical index of tobacco:

[0047] ① Total sugar (%): 26%-34%, lower than the total sugar content of the same part of tobacco leaf modulated by the original technology;

[0048] ② Reducing sugar (%): 21%-28%, lower than the reducing sugar content of the same part of tobacco leaf modulated by the original technology;

[0049] ③ Total nitrogen (N, %): 1.2%-1.6%, higher than the total nitrogen content of the same part of tobacco leaf modulated by the original technology;

[0050] ④ Total plant alkaline (%): 0.6%-0.8%, significantly higher than the total plant alkaline content of the same part of tobacco leaf modulated by the original technology;

[0051] ⑤ Potassium oxide (K2O, %): 2%-3.6%, higher than the potassium oxide content of the same part of tobacco leaf modulated by the original technology;

[0052] ⑥ Water-soluble chlorine (Cl-, %): 0.5%-1.2%, lower than the water-soluble chlorine content of the same part of tobacco leaf modulated by the original technology;

[0053] From the above physicochemical index results, it can be seen that the use of weather-resistant film with low light transmittance and high haze value for modulating aromatic tobacco leaf tends to meet the product physicochemical index standard, effectively solving the problem of "high sugar and low alkaline" of Yunnan aromatic tobacco.

[0054] In summary, the present application adjusts the traditional greenhouse film to weather-resistant film with low light transmittance and high haze value, which can block part of the light flux, reduce the ultraviolet transmittance, reduce the light intensity of tobacco leaf, increase the humidity control ability in the shed, avoid the problem of quality reduction caused by direct sunlight and difficult control of microenvironment temperature and humidity during tobacco modulation, provide more suitable light intensity and controllable temperature and humidity microenvironment for aromatic tobacco leaf worn by the tobacco wearing machine, effectively solve the problem of "high sugar and low alkaline" of Yunnan aromatic tobacco and the situation of producing more green and white tobacco by the current modulation method, and improve the internal quality and appearance quality of aromatic tobacco modulation.

[0055] The application has been described in detail by specific and preferred embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any modification, equivalent replacement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the application should be included in the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A method for flavoring smoke modulation in a low-transmittance, high-haze-value modulation film environment, characterized in that, It comprises the following steps: A, tobacco harvesting: after the tobacco leaves enter the mature period, according to the local weather conditions, tobacco maturity and the number of curing sheds, plan the harvesting; B, build a curing shed: choose a well-ventilated sunny, high terrain or open land to build a curing shed, and the curing shed is covered with a weather-resistant film; wherein, the specifications of the curing shed are: shed length 6m, side height 0.8m, middle height 1.5m, shed width 1m, divided into 3 shelves, nail distance 5cm, shed spacing more than 0.8m; C, weather-resistant film selection: select the appropriate weather-resistant film according to the local meteorological climate and geographical environment, or select the appropriate weather-resistant film according to the location and geographical conditions of the curing shed; wherein, the selection of weather-resistant film is: in high altitude area, the light transmittance is 60%-70%, the haze is 70%-80%; in low altitude area, the light transmittance is 50%-60%, the haze is 80%-90%; D, tobacco string into the shed: classify the tobacco leaves and hang them into the curing shed after using the tobacco threading machine; according to the classification of tobacco leaves, the same tobacco string is used to thread the same part of the tobacco leaves; the number of tobacco string into the shed is: 180 strings / shed for middle and lower tobacco leaves, and 360 strings / shed for upper tobacco leaves; E, tobacco leaf curing management: after the tobacco leaves are placed on the shelf, the average dry bulb temperature in the shed is controlled at 19-31℃, the average wet bulb temperature is controlled at 20-28℃, and the average relative humidity is controlled at 50%-70%, the tobacco leaves are yellow and dry, and the ventilation and moisture removal are carried out until they are dried, and the curing time is 15-20 days; F, tobacco leaf unloading: when the tobacco leaves in the curing shed are yellow or brown, the moisture content is 14%, the tobacco leaves are soft, the stems are still brittle, and the tobacco leaves can be naturally stretched without breaking when held by hand, the tobacco leaves should be unloaded in time; G, tobacco leaf stacking and curing: the temperature of the unloaded tobacco leaves is higher, and they are first placed in a cool environment; when the temperature of the tobacco leaves is similar to that of the stacking and curing environment, a light-proof, cool and dry place is selected for tobacco leaf stacking and curing.

2. A method of burley tobacco curing in a low light transmittance high haze value curing barn according to claim 1, wherein, The maturity standards of different parts of tobacco leaves in step A are as follows: ① Lower leaves: the angle of stem and leaf increases, and the leaf color changes from dark green to light green; ② Middle leaves: the angle of stem and leaf increases significantly, the stem is white, and the leaf color is greenish yellow; ③ Upper leaves: the leaf color is yellowish green, and the top leaves can be harvested when the number of leaves is less than 15 and the center flower is withered.

3. A method of burley tobacco conditioning in a low light transmittance high haze value conditioning film environment according to claim 1, wherein, The wind force of the well-ventilated sunny place in step B is ≤6 levels.

4. A method of burley tobacco conditioning in a low transmittance high haze value conditioning film environment according to claim 1, wherein, The number of curing sheds in step B is 2 per mu.

5. A method of burley tobacco conditioning in a low light transmittance high haze value conditioning film environment according to claim 1, wherein, In step B, the long side of the weather-resistant film is covered with broken soil, and the wide side is naturally hanging down.