Uneven corn pre-dressing device with sequential corn ear posture feeding

Abstract

The application discloses a non-uniform corn pre-threshing device for corn ear posture sequential feeding, which comprises a posture correction mechanism and a loose threshing mechanism. The posture correction mechanism comprises a bent pipe feeding port, a bent pipe, a vibration excitation device, a ground cage port, a bent pipe rack and a bent pipe discharge port. The posture correction mechanism adjusts the random posture of corn ears when the corn ears are fed into the threshing device, and realizes axial feeding and longitudinal shaft flow cylinder of the corn ears. The loose threshing mechanism comprises loose threshing elements, a loose threshing mechanism feeding port, a chain plate conveyor belt, a lower conveyor belt, a loose threshing mechanism discharge port, a rack and a motor. The loose threshing mechanism is used for non-uniform threshing of corn kernels. Part of the vertical corn kernels is threshed in advance by the loose threshing elements, and the balance of the force of mutual support between the corn kernels is broken. The device improves the threshing efficiency of the corn threshing device and reduces the breakage rate in the corn threshing process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology and relates to a non-equilibrium corn pre-threshing device that feeds corn ears in a sequential manner. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, corn is the largest grain crop in my country in terms of total output and is widely planted as an important source of income for farmers. Threshing is a crucial step in the mechanization of corn harvesting. Corn threshing separates the kernels from the cob on the corn ear. Common threshing elements typically employ principles such as impact, rubbing, combing, and rolling to achieve threshing. In current segmented kernel harvesting methods, corn directly enters the threshing system, resulting in disordered and random feeding, leading to significant breakage during the threshing process.

[0003] When existing threshing devices use elements such as spikes, grooved rods, and plate teeth for threshing, the threshing effect depends more on the probability of the threshing element hitting the corn ear, as well as parameters such as drum speed and threshing gap. The threshing process relies on the rigid contact and collision between the threshing element and the corn ear, and the kernel breakage rate caused by rigid threshing is often too high. Another threshing method is to thresh the corn ears by squeezing and rubbing them against each other, which has a good threshing effect, but a low threshing rate.

[0004] When corn ears enter the threshing section through the feed inlet of the threshing drum, they mostly maintain their initial posture. When the horizontal direction of the impact force is perpendicular to the axis of the corn ear, a larger number of kernels are threshed with less damage. The upper and lower ends of the corn ear are easier to thresh than the middle, mainly because the contact area between kernels is smaller laterally. Compared to the vertically arranged kernels, which are less dense or even non-contacting, the resultant force of the uniformly distributed reaction force on the surrounding kernels is smaller when impacted, making threshing easier. Orderly feeding of corn ears will reduce mechanical damage during the threshing process.

[0005] Corn threshing exhibits an uneven threshing characteristic, meaning that kernels at the same axial position experience varying threshing forces depending on the support provided by surrounding kernels. Once localized threshing occurs, the surrounding kernels lose support and thresh more easily. Traditional manual threshing involves using an awl or other tools to remove some kernels from the corn cob, followed by hand-kneading to thresh the kernels. This method is relatively easy and has a low breakage rate. The main idea behind this method is to utilize the uneven threshing mechanics, disrupting the mechanical balance between kernels and thus achieving a better threshing effect. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first technical problem to be solved by this invention is that in the traditional corn kernel harvesting mode, the corn ears are directly fed into the threshing drum by the elevator. The feeding state of the corn ears is disorderly and randomly grouped, which brings difficulties to the subsequent threshing process and results in a high kernel breakage rate and incomplete threshing rate.

[0007] The second technical problem this invention aims to solve is that traditional corn threshing methods result in a high corn kernel breakage rate due to the rigid contact between the corn kernels and the threshing elements. This invention employs a loosening threshing device to pre-loosen the corn ears, achieving good loosening effect and a low breakage rate. Simultaneously, it breaks the overall bonding force balance between the corn kernels, which helps improve threshing efficiency and reduce kernel breakage and incomplete threshing during subsequent threshing processes.

[0008] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] The unbalanced corn pre-threshing device includes a posture correction mechanism (1) and a loosening threshing mechanism (6).

[0010] The bent pipe outlet (5) on the posture correction mechanism (1) is connected to the feeding inlet (10) of the loosening and threshing mechanism by bolts.

[0011] The posture correction mechanism (1) includes a bent pipe inlet (2), a bent pipe (3), a vibration device (4), a ground cage inlet (8), a bent pipe outlet (5), and a bent pipe frame (23).

[0012] The bending pipe (3) and the ground cage opening (8) in the posture correction mechanism (1) are both made of No. 45 steel, and the bending pipe (3) is designed with a radius greater than 220mm.

[0013] The inlet radius of the ground cage opening (8) in the posture correction mechanism (1) is equal to the radius of the bend pipe, the outlet radius is greater than half the radius of the bend pipe (3), and the axial length is 10-15cm.

[0014] The bent pipe inlet (2) and the bent pipe (3) are connected by welding.

[0015] The bottom cage opening (8) divides the bend (3) into three sections, and the spatial angle between the center of the first and last circles of each section of the bend is no more than 20°.

[0016] The bottom cage opening (8) is connected to each section (3) of the bend pipe by bolts.

[0017] The excitation device (4) includes an exciter (24) and an exciter frame (25).

[0018] The vibration device (4) is welded to the outer surface of the bent pipe (3) on the outer edge of the cage opening (8).

[0019] The bent pipe (3) and the bent pipe outlet (5) are connected by welding.

[0020] The loosening and threshing mechanism (6) includes a frame (9), a loosening and threshing mechanism feed inlet (10), a lower conveyor belt driven shaft (11), a lower conveyor belt (13), a lower conveyor belt drive shaft (15), a chain conveyor belt drive shaft (12), a chain conveyor belt driven shaft (14), a chain conveyor belt (17), a loosening and threshing element (18), a loosening and threshing mechanism discharge port (16), and a motor (7).

[0021] The motor (7) is mounted on the frame (9).

[0022] Two motors (7) provide power, which is transmitted to the drive shaft (12) of the chain conveyor belt and the drive shaft (15) of the lower conveyor belt through gear transmission.

[0023] The chain conveyor belt (17) has loosening threshing element mounting holes (22) distributed on it, and the spacing between the loosening threshing element mounting holes (22) is 45-60mm.

[0024] The loosening threshing element (18) is welded into the loosening threshing element mounting hole (22) of the chain conveyor belt (17).

[0025] The loosening threshing element (18) includes a loosening threshing head (19), a loosening threshing element base (20), and a spring (21).

[0026] The loose threshing head (19) and the loose threshing element base (20) are made of Q235.

[0027] The two ends of the spring (21) are spot welded to the bottom of the loose threshing head (19) and the groove of the loose threshing element base (20) respectively.

[0028] The spring constant of spring (21) ranges from 1450 to 1840 N / m.

[0029] The axial length of the variable diameter section of the loosening threshing head (19) in the loosening threshing element (18) is 8-10 mm. The constant diameter section in the middle of the loosening threshing head (19) participates in the pre-threshing of corn, increasing the extrusion area and increasing the number of threshed kernels.

[0030] In the loosening and threshing mechanism (6), the drive shaft (12) of the chain conveyor belt is 13-16 mm smaller in radius than the driven shaft (14) of the chain conveyor belt. During the forward movement, the loosening and threshing element continues to move downward, and the final drop height is 13-15 mm, thereby loosening the gaps between corn kernels and removing the surrounding corn kernels.

[0031] The working principle of this invention is as follows: The horizontal force experienced by the corn ear in the curved pipe continuously corrects the forward posture of the corn ear cob, aligning the long axis of the corn ear with the conveying direction of the pipeline. When the forward direction of the corn ear cob is aligned with the conveying direction of the pipeline, the corn ears are fed in a sequential manner. Corn ears fed in a sequential manner will smoothly pass through the curved pipe under the influence of gravity, vibration, and the pushing action of other ears. Corn ears not fed in a sequential manner move forward continuously within the curved pipe due to gravity and pushing, but because their feeding posture is inconsistent with the conveying direction of the curved pipe, the forward posture of the cob changes under the friction between the curved pipe and the cage opening. The change in the arc at the cage opening is used to correct the forward direction of the corn ear cob and to select corn ears fed in a sequential manner. A vibration device is installed at the curved pipe below the cage opening to prevent blockage and accelerate the correction process. After the corn ears enter the loosening and threshing mechanism through the curved discharge port, they fall onto the lower conveyor belt and are then pressed by the loosening and threshing elements of the chain conveyor belt. Under the combined squeezing action of the loosening and threshing elements and the lower conveyor belt, they are conveyed backward. Because the two drive shafts of the chain conveyor belt have different radii, the loosening and threshing elements pressing on the ears continue to move downward during the forward movement, with a descent height ranging from 13 to 15 mm, which is approximately equal to the height of a mid-section corn kernel. This breaks or loosens the corn kernels around the gap, disrupting the support and force balance between the corn kernels and achieving pre-threshing of the corn kernels.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. This invention is applied to corn threshers. The specially designed bending tube device ensures the sequential feeding of corn cob posture and ensures that the axial direction of the corn cob is uniform. In the next stage of threshing, the horizontal direction of the impact force of the threshing element on the longitudinal axial flow threshing drum is perpendicular to the axial direction of the corn cob, which improves the corn threshing efficiency and reduces the kernel breakage rate and the rate of incomplete threshing of the cob.

[0034] 2. The non-equilibrium pre-threshing device that enables sequential feeding of corn ears allows for pre-threshing at the upper or lower end of the corn ear. Threshing at the upper or lower end of the corn ear requires less threshing force than threshing at the middle end, which facilitates breaking the force balance between corn kernels.

[0035] 3. This invention utilizes the non-uniform threshing characteristics of corn kernels and imitates the traditional manual threshing process. Specifically, a "cone" is used to remove some of the vertically arranged kernels, breaking the mutual balance of support between the corn kernels. This method helps to improve the threshing rate and reduce the kernel breakage rate during the threshing process. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the pre-threshing unit.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a top view of the bent pipe.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a side sectional view of the bend in the pipe at the bottom of the cage.

[0039] Figure 4 This is an isometric drawing of the fish trap opening.

[0040] Figure 5 This is an isometric drawing of the vibration excitation device.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of the loose threshing mechanism.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a side cross-sectional view of the loose threshing element.

[0043] Figure 8 A top view showing the arrangement of corn kernels.

[0044] Figure 9 Axial cross-sectional views of the three falling positions of the loose threshing element.

[0045] In the picture:

[0046] 1-Posture correction mechanism; 2-Bent pipe feed inlet; 3-Bent pipe; 4-Vibration device; 5-Bent pipe discharge outlet; 6-Loosening and threshing mechanism; 7-Motor; 8-Ground cage opening; 9-Frame; 10-Loosening and threshing mechanism feed inlet; 11-Lower conveyor belt driven shaft; 12-Chain plate conveyor belt drive shaft; 13-Lower conveyor belt; 14-Chain plate conveyor belt driven shaft; 15-Lower conveyor belt drive shaft; 16-Loosening and threshing mechanism discharge outlet; 17-Chain plate conveyor belt; 18-Loosening and threshing element; 19-Loosening and threshing head; 20-Loosening and threshing element base; 21-Spring; 22-Loosening and threshing element mounting hole; 23-Bent pipe frame; 24-Vibrator; 25-Vibrator frame. Implementation

[0047] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. To avoid excessive and unnecessary detail, well-known structures or functions will not be described in detail in the following embodiments. The approximate language used in the following embodiments can be used for quantitative descriptions, indicating that a certain variation in quantity is permissible without changing the basic function. Unless otherwise defined, the technical and scientific terms used in the following embodiments have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0048] Figure 1 The figure shown is an isometric view of the pre-threshing device, which consists of an attitude correction mechanism 1 and a loosening threshing mechanism 6.

[0049] The curved discharge port 5 on the posture correction mechanism 1 is connected to the feeding inlet 10 of the loosening and threshing mechanism by bolts.

[0050] The posture correction mechanism 1 includes a bent pipe inlet 2, a bent pipe 3, a vibration device 4, a ground cage opening 8, a bent pipe outlet 5, and a bent pipe frame 23; the bending and twisting part inside the bent pipe 3 continuously corrects the forward direction of the corn ear cob, so that the long axis of the corn ear is consistent with the conveying direction of the bent pipe 3. The horizontal bending and twisting of the bent pipe is shown in the figure. Figure 2 Top view of the bent pipe.

[0051] The vibrator frame 25 is welded to the outer surface of the bend 3 at the outer edge of the ground cage opening 8.

[0052] In the posture correction mechanism 1, both the bend 3 and the ground cage opening 8 are made of 45 steel, and the bend 3 is designed with a radius greater than 220mm.

[0053] The bend 3 is divided into three sections by the ground cage opening 8, and the spatial angle between the center lines of the beginning and end of each bend is less than 20°.

[0054] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a side sectional view of the bend in the ground cage opening. The ground cage opening 8 is connected to each section 3 of the bend by bolts.

[0055] Figure 4 The figure shown is an isometric view of the cage opening. The inlet radius of the cage opening 8 is equal to the radius of the bend, the outlet radius is greater than half the radius of the bend 3, and the axial length is 10-15cm.

[0056] Figure 5 The image shown is an isometric view of the excitation device, with the exciter 24 placed in the groove of the exciter frame 25.

[0057] The bend 3 and the bend outlet 5 are connected by welding.

[0058] Figure 6 The diagram shown is a side sectional view of the loosening and threshing mechanism 6. The loosening and threshing mechanism 6 includes a frame 9, a loosening and threshing mechanism feed inlet 10, a lower conveyor belt driven shaft 11, a lower conveyor belt 13, a lower conveyor belt drive shaft 15, a chain conveyor belt drive shaft 12, a chain conveyor belt feed driven shaft 14, a chain conveyor belt feed 17, a loosening and threshing element 18, and a loosening and threshing mechanism discharge port 16.

[0059] The drive shaft 12 of the chain conveyor belt and the drive shaft 15 of the lower conveyor belt are powered by two motors 7 through gear transmission.

[0060] Motor 7 is mounted on frame 9.

[0061] The radius of the drive shaft 12 of the chain conveyor belt is 13-16 mm smaller than that of the driven shaft 14 of the chain conveyor belt.

[0062] The loosening and threshing element 18 is welded into the loosening and threshing element mounting hole 22 on the chain conveyor belt 17.

[0063] Figure 7The figure shown is a side cross-sectional view of the loose threshing element 18, which includes a loose threshing head 19, a loose threshing element base 20, and a spring 21.

[0064] The two ends of the spring 21 are spot welded to the bottom of the loosening threshing head 19 and the groove of the loosening threshing element base 20, respectively. The elastic coefficient of the spring 21 is in the range of 1450~1840N / m.

[0065] Because the two drive shafts of the chain conveyor belt have different radii, the loosening and threshing element pressing on the ears of corn moves continuously downward during the forward movement, with a descent height of 13-15mm, which is approximately equal to the height of a mid-section corn kernel, thereby crushing or loosening the corn kernels around the gap.

[0066] The working process of a non-equilibrium corn pre-threshing device that sequentially feeds corn ears:

[0067] The corn cob conveyor concentrates and transports the corn cobs to the curved feed inlet 2. Under the action of inertia and gravity, they enter the attitude correction mechanism 1. The curved section 3 of the attitude correction mechanism, which is a horizontally twisted part perpendicular to the machine's forward direction, continuously corrects the forward direction of the corn cob axis, ensuring that the corn cobs are aligned with the pipeline's conveying direction. Corn cobs whose axis is aligned with the pipeline's conveying direction are those fed in a sequential manner. These sequentially fed corn cobs will smoothly pass through the curved section under the pushing force of gravity, vibration, and other cobs. Corn cobs not fed in a sequential manner move forward continuously within the curved section due to gravity and pushing, but because their posture is inconsistent with the curved conveying direction, they will continuously change their forward posture through friction under the combined action of the material flow and the curved pipe. Because the horizontal twist of the pipeline is relatively small and its inner surface is smooth, it does not affect the sequentially fed corn cobs. The bottom cage opening 8 corrects the direction of the corn cobs and promptly screens out those whose direction is aligned with the pipeline direction, allowing them to proceed to the next stage of correction and screening. The opening of the feeder 8 is smaller than the diameter of the bend, positioned centrally in the pipe cross-section, and aligned with the pipe's conveying direction. Its smooth, rounded connection at the bottom of the pipe facilitates the smooth passage of correctly positioned corn ears. For corn ears not fed in the correct order, the increased bending radius corrects their orientation. To prevent blockage, a vibration device 4 is installed below the bend 3 at the feeder 8, accelerating the smooth passage of correctly positioned corn ears and preventing blockages.

[0068] The corn ears, fed in sequentially, enter the loosening and threshing mechanism 6 through the curved discharge port 5. In the loosening and threshing mechanism 6, the lower conveyor belt 13 receives the corn ears conveyed by the curved conveyor. The corn ears are pressed by the loosening and threshing element 18. The chain conveyor belt 17 rotates in the opposite direction to the lower conveyor belt 13, and the speed of the chain conveyor belt 17 is slightly greater than the speed of the lower conveyor belt 13. The corn ears are conveyed backward under the combined squeezing action of the chain conveyor belt 17 and the lower conveyor belt 13.

[0069] The front and rear shaft radii of the chain conveyor belt 17 are different. During the forward movement, the loosening and threshing element 18 will continue to move downward. The axial length of the variable diameter section of the loosening and threshing head 19 in the loosening and threshing element 18 is 8-10mm. The constant diameter section in the middle of the loosening and threshing head 19 participates in the pre-threshing of corn, increases the extrusion area, and crushes the corn kernels.

[0070] The falling position of the loosening threshing head 19 in the loosening threshing element 18 is divided into three points, according to the different distribution of kernels on the corn ear, as follows: Figure 8 As shown.

[0071] ① The point is when the cone of the loosening threshing element 18 is in the middle of the gap; ② The point is when the cone of the loosening threshing element 18 is at the edge of the corn kernel; ③ The point is when the cone of the loosening threshing element 18 is in the upper recessed area of ​​the corn kernel.

[0072] The target point of the cone part of the loose threshing element 18 is point ① or point ②.

[0073] Figure 8 As shown, when the cone of the loosening and threshing element 18 is at point ①, due to the different radii of the front and rear shafts of the chain conveyor belt 17, the loosening and threshing element 18 continuously moves downward during its forward movement, eventually descending to a height of 13-15 mm, approximately the height of a mid-section corn kernel, thereby loosening the corn kernels around the gap. The axial cross-sectional view at this position is shown below. Figure 9 As shown in (1).

[0074] Figure 8 As shown, when the cone of the loosening and threshing element 18 is at position ②, the upper spring and the lower cone of the loosening and threshing element work together to cause the loosening and threshing head 19 to slide along the edge arc into the gaps between the corn kernels, loosening the corn kernels. The axial cross-sectional view is shown below. Figure 9 As shown in (2).

[0075] Figure 8 As shown, when the cone of the loosening and threshing element 18 is at position ③, the spring 21 absorbs part of the impact force, and the downward pressure of the loosening and threshing head 19 is less than the crushing force at the top of the corn kernel, thus reducing the crushing of the corn kernel. The axial cross-section at this position is as follows: Figure 9 As shown in (3).

[0076] The loosening and threshing mechanism 6 loosens or threshes the corn kernels at the top of the corn cross section. The spacing between the loosening and threshing elements is 45-60 mm. Each corn ear is struck by 4-8 loosening and threshing elements, which threshes the kernels on the surface of the ear that is in contact with the loosening and threshing elements, thus breaking the support and force balance between the corn kernels.

[0077] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. These embodiments are merely preferred implementations of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the scope of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A non-uniform corn pre-threshing device that sequentially feeds corn ears, comprising a posture correction mechanism (1) and a loosening and threshing mechanism (6), characterized in that: The posture correction mechanism (1) includes a bent pipe inlet (2), a bent pipe (3), a vibration device (4), a cage opening (8), a bent pipe frame (23), and a bent pipe outlet (5); the vibration device (4) includes a vibrator (24) and a vibrator frame (25); the bent pipe inlet (2) and the bent pipe (3) are connected by welding; the vibrator frame (25) is welded to the outer wall of the bent pipe (3) on the outer edge of the cage opening (8), and the bent pipe (3) and the bent pipe outlet (5) are connected by welding; The bend (3) is divided into three sections by the cage opening (8), and the spatial angle between the center of the first and last circles of each bend is less than 20°; the inlet radius of the cage opening (8) is equal to the radius of the bend, the outlet radius is greater than half the radius of the bend (3), and the axial length of the cage opening (8) is 10-15cm. The loosening and threshing mechanism (6) includes a loosening and threshing element (18), a loosening and threshing mechanism feed inlet (10), a lower conveyor belt driven shaft (11), a lower conveyor belt (13), a lower conveyor belt drive shaft (15), a chain conveyor belt drive shaft (12), a chain conveyor belt (17), a chain conveyor belt driven shaft (14), a loosening and threshing mechanism discharge port (16), a frame (9), and a motor (7); two motors (7) provide power to the chain conveyor belt drive shaft (12) and the lower conveyor belt drive shaft (15); in the loosening and threshing mechanism (6), the chain conveyor belt (17) has a higher speed than the lower conveyor belt (13) and rotates in opposite directions; The drive shaft (12) of the chain conveyor belt is 13-16 mm smaller in radius than the driven shaft (14) of the chain conveyor belt, and the descent height of the loosening and threshing element is 13-15 mm during operation; The loosening threshing element (18) includes a loosening threshing head (19), a loosening threshing element base (20), and a spring (21). The two ends of the spring (21) are respectively welded to the bottom end of the loosening threshing head (19) and the groove of the loosening threshing element base (20). The spacing between the loosening threshing elements (18) is 45-60 mm, and the elastic coefficient of the spring (21) is 1450-1840 N / m.

2. The non-uniform corn pre-threshing device for sequential feeding of corn ears according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ground cage opening (8) and each section of the bend pipe (3) are connected by bolts.

3. The non-uniform corn pre-threshing device for sequential feeding of corn ears according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bending pipe (3) and the ground cage opening (8) in the posture correction mechanism (1) are both made of No. 45 steel; the radius of the bending pipe (3) is greater than 220mm.

4. The non-uniform corn pre-threshing device for sequential feeding of corn ears according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loose threshing element (18) has a variable diameter section with an axial length of 8-10 mm. The constant diameter section in the middle of the loose threshing head (19) participates in pre-threshing. The loose threshing head (19) and the loose threshing element base (20) are made of Q235 steel.

5. The non-uniform corn pre-threshing device for sequential feeding of corn ears according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between the loosening threshing element mounting holes (22) is 45-60 mm. The loosening threshing element (18) is welded into the loosening threshing element mounting holes (22) inside the chain conveyor belt (17).

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