Titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate based on surface texturing pretreatment and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate based on surface texturing pretreatment and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal layered composite material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: annealing and softening treatment is performed on a titanium plate and an aluminum plate; surface texturing is performed on the surface of the titanium plate, surface texture with specific depth, width and interval is constructed, and a nanocrystalline hardening layer with a certain thickness is formed at the groove position of the texture; surface mechanical polishing treatment is performed on the aluminum plate; the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are assembled to obtain a titanium / aluminum assembly; the titanium / aluminum assembly is rolled to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank; and diffusion heat treatment is performed on the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with high interface bonding strength. The application combines surface macro-texturing, surface micro-nanocrystallization and rolling composite process, improves the interface bonding strength and uniformity of the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate, and provides a new method for preparing high-performance titanium / aluminum layered composite plates.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of metal laminated composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate based on surface texturing pretreatment and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate makes up for the shortcomings of titanium and aluminum, has the advantages of low cost, low density, high thermal conductivity of aluminum, high specific strength, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of titanium, and has a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, rail transportation, weapon equipment, marine engineering and daily necessities.

[0003] At present, the preparation methods of the titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate mainly include explosion compounding, explosion-rolling compounding and rolling compounding. Compared with explosion and explosion-rolling compounding, the rolling compounding method has the advantages of low production cost, high production efficiency, easy continuous production, small environmental pollution and flexible product size specifications, and is a widely used metal laminated composite plate preparation method. However, due to the large difference in physical, chemical and mechanical properties of titanium and aluminum dissimilar metals, the titanium layer is difficult to deform during rolling compounding, the surface hardening layer of the titanium layer has low cracking degree and low fresh metal exposure rate, which leads to less contact of fresh metals on the surfaces of titanium and aluminum, and low interfacial bonding strength of the titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate. In order to increase the interfacial bonding strength of the titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate, more than 50% of the large reduction ratio or multi-pass rolling conditions are required for compounding, but at the same time, problems such as titanium / aluminum edge cracking, low composite plate yield, long process flow, excessive rolling mill load and the like are caused.

[0004] In order to reduce the difficulty of titanium / aluminum rolling compounding, some researchers proposed to perform plasma activation on the surface of the titanium layer to improve the interfacial bonding strength of the titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate. However, this method has problems such as long time, high cost, limited plate size, high requirements for the surface quality of the metal, and the like, and its industrial application is limited. The applicant and others previously used shot blasting and other processes to perform self-nanocrystallization treatment on the surface of the titanium layer, which can reduce the difficulty of titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate rolling compounding, but at the same time, problems such as titanium plate warping deformation and the uniformity of the surface self-nanocrystallization cannot be effectively controlled, which leads to the inability to guarantee the uniformity of the interfacial properties of the titanium / aluminum laminated composite plate. SUMMARY

[0005] To this end, the present application is to solve the problems of large composite difficulty and low interface bonding strength in the preparation of titanium / aluminum composite plate by rolling composite method, and combines surface macro-texturing, surface micro-nanocrystallization and rolling composite process, controls the track, depth, width and spacing of titanium layer surface texturing processing accurately, increases the surface area of titanium layer to be combined, forms a nanocrystalline hardening layer with a certain thickness at the bottom of the texture, and combines the two to increase the cracking degree of titanium layer and increase the titanium / aluminum dissimilar metal bonding area during the rolling composite process, thereby realizing the rolling composite of titanium / aluminum under the conditions of low pressure and low rolling temperature, improving the interface bonding strength and uniformity of the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate, and providing a new method for the preparation of high-performance titanium / aluminum layered composite plate.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the technical scheme of the present application, a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate preparation method based on surface texturing pretreatment is provided, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: respectively annealing and softening the titanium plate and the aluminum plate;

[0008] Step 2: performing surface texturing on the surface of the titanium plate obtained in step 1, thereby constructing a surface texture with a specific depth, width and spacing on the surface of the titanium plate, and forming a nanocrystalline hardening layer with a certain thickness at the groove position of the texture; and performing surface mechanical polishing on the aluminum plate obtained in step 1;

[0009] Step 3: assembling the titanium plate and the aluminum plate treated in step 2 to obtain a titanium / aluminum assembly;

[0010] Step 4: rolling and combining the titanium / aluminum assembly in step 3 to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank;

[0011] Step 5: performing diffusion heat treatment on the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank in step 4 to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with high interface bonding strength.

[0012] Further, in step 2, the surface texture with a specific depth, width and spacing is constructed on the surface of the titanium plate by ultrasonic rolling, and a nanocrystalline hardening layer with a certain thickness is formed at the groove position of the texture.

[0013] Further, in step 2, the process parameters of ultrasonic rolling are specifically in the range of: rolling head diameter 14mm, amplitude 10-50μm, scanning speed 0.01-0.05m / s, pre-pressure 1-5kN, rolling interval 0.1-1mm, and rolling pass 1-3 times.

[0014] Preferably, the process parameters of ultrasonic rolling in step 2 are specifically: rolling head diameter 14mm, amplitude 35μm, scanning speed 0.02m / s, pre-pressure 4kN, rolling interval 0.8mm, and rolling pass 2 times.

[0015] Here, the above process parameters enable to obtain a suitable depth of groove and a proper thickness of nanocrystalline hardening layer at the same time, both of which in combination realize increasing the contact area of titanium layer and aluminum layer, and the position control of periodic cracking of hardening layer on the surface of titanium layer during the rolling compounding process, improving the uniformity of the interface bonding performance of titanium / aluminum layered composite plate; and enable the surface of titanium layer to be compounded to crack at a lower pressure, increasing the contact area of fresh metals of titanium and aluminum; at the same time, the nanocrystalline hardening layer is in a high-energy state, and the high-density defects such as nanocrystals, dislocations and vacancies stored provide a fast channel for the diffusion of titanium / aluminum atoms, so that the diffusion of titanium / aluminum atoms can be realized at a lower temperature and in a shorter time, and a firm metallurgical bonding is formed.

[0016] It should be noted that if a suitable depth is not reached, the titanium plate may be broken during the subsequent rolling process due to the groove being too deep; or it is difficult for the titanium plate to crack on the surface layer, and the titanium / aluminum rolling compounding is difficult due to the groove being too shallow.

[0017] Further, in the step 2, the single-pass morphology of the formed surface texture is an arc-shaped groove, the groove depth is 50-100 μm, the groove width is 100-1000 μm, and the interval is 100-1000 μm.

[0018] Preferably, in the step 2, the single-pass morphology of the formed surface texture is an arc-shaped groove, the groove depth is 50 μm, the groove width is 900 μm, and the interval is 1000 μm.

[0019] Further, in the step 2, the grain size of the nanocrystalline hardening layer at the texture bottom is 50-200 nm, and the depth is 1-50 μm.

[0020] Preferably, in the step 2, the grain size of the nanocrystalline hardening layer at the texture bottom is 150 nm, and the depth is 50 μm.

[0021] Further, in the step 4, the pre-rolling heat preservation is 5-15 min, the rolling temperature is 250-400 °C, the single-pass rolling reduction is 25-50%, and the rolling pass is single pass or multiple passes.

[0022] Further, in the step 5, the diffusion heat treatment temperature is 350-500 °C, the diffusion heat treatment time is 1-6 h, and the air cooling is performed.

[0023] Further, the titanium is pure titanium or titanium alloy, and the aluminum is industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy.

[0024] According to the second aspect of the technical scheme of the present application, a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate based on surface texturing pretreatment is provided, wherein the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of the above aspects.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0026] (1) The present application adopts controllable processing technology such as ultrasonic rolling, and realizes the active regulation of the surface morphology of the titanium layer to be compounded by constructing macro-texture with specific path, depth, width and spacing on the surface of the titanium layer, thereby increasing the contact area of the titanium layer and the aluminum layer, and realizing the position control of the periodic cracking of the hardening layer on the surface of the titanium layer during the rolling compounding process, and improving the uniformity of the interface bonding performance of the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate.

[0027] (2) The present application forms a nanocrystalline hardening layer with a specific thickness on the surface layer during the texturing pretreatment of the titanium layer by ultrasonic rolling, so that the titanium layer to be compounded can crack at a lower pressure, thereby increasing the contact area of the fresh metals of titanium and aluminum; at the same time, the nanocrystalline hardening layer is in a high-energy state, and the high-density nanocrystals, dislocations, vacancies and other defects stored therein provide a fast channel for the diffusion of titanium / aluminum atoms, so that the diffusion of titanium / aluminum atoms can be realized at a lower temperature and in a shorter time, thereby forming a firm metallurgical bond.

[0028] (3) The present application is a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate preparation method based on the texturing pretreatment of the surface to be compounded, which combines surface macro-texture processing, surface micro-nanocrystallization and rolling compounding process, and can prepare high-performance titanium / aluminum layered composite plate in a single pass, small reduction ratio, low temperature and short time diffusion in an air atmosphere, thereby significantly reducing the requirements for rolling mill load, vacuum degree and other requirements, and having the advantages of low cost, short process, small environmental pollution and energy saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the following embodiment or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 The flow chart of the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate preparation method based on the texturing pretreatment of the surface to be compounded according to the technical solution of the present application is shown in the figure.

[0031] Figure 2 The processing schematic diagram of the texturing pretreatment of the surface of the titanium layer is shown in the figure.

[0032] Figure 3 The interface morphology of the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate prepared according to embodiment 1 is shown in the figure.

[0033] In the figure: 1 - ultrasonic rolling head; 2 - titanium plate; 3 - groove formed by surface texturing; 4 - hardening layer at the bottom of the groove; 5 - surface nanocrystalline; 6 - coarse-grained matrix. Specific embodiments

[0034] The application is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It is necessary to point out here that the embodiments are only used to further illustrate the application and cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the application. Skilled persons in the field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments according to the content of the above application.

[0035] Techniques and equipment known to those skilled in the relevant art can not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the techniques and equipment should be considered as part of the specification.

[0036] In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments can have different values.

[0037] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the application more obvious and easy to understand, the application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0038] The technical scheme of the application first provides a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate preparation method based on surface texturing pretreatment, as shown in Figure 1 The method comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: respectively annealing and softening the titanium plate and the aluminum plate to obtain soft titanium plate blanks and aluminum plate blanks.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the titanium plate is a pure titanium plate or a titanium alloy plate, and the aluminum plate is an industrial pure aluminum plate or an aluminum alloy plate.

[0041] Step 2: using ultrasonic rolling technology to perform surface texturing on the surface of the titanium plate, and through controlling process parameters such as pre-pressure, vibration frequency and amplitude, scanning speed, and tool path interval, a surface texture with specific path, depth, width, and interval is constructed on the surface of the titanium plate, and at the same time, a nanocrystalline hardening layer with a certain thickness is formed at the bottom of the texture; the aluminum plate is subjected to surface mechanical polishing treatment.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the process parameters of ultrasonic rolling in step 2 are as follows: rolling head diameter 14 mm, amplitude 10-50 μm, scanning speed 0.01-0.05 m / s, pre-pressure 1-5 kN, rolling interval 0.1-1 mm, and rolling pass 1-3 times.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the surface mechanical polishing in step 2 is at least one of abrasive wheel polishing, steel wire brush polishing, louver polishing, and diamond bowl polishing.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment, the single-pass morphology of the surface texturing in step 2 is an arc-shaped groove, the groove depth is 50-100 μm, the groove width is 100-1000 μm, and the pitch is 100-1000 μm.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the grain size of the nanocrystalline hardening layer at the bottom of the texturing in step 2 is 50-200 nm, and the depth is 1-50 μm.

[0046] Step 3: assembling the titanium plate and the aluminum plate after the pretreatment in step 2 to obtain a titanium / aluminum assembly.

[0047] Step 4: rolling the titanium / aluminum assembly to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment, the pre-rolling heat preservation in step 4 is 5-15 min, the rolling temperature is 250-400℃, the single-pass rolling reduction is 25-50%, and the rolling passes are single pass or multiple passes.

[0049] Step 5: diffusion heat treatment of the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with high interface bonding strength.

[0050] In a preferred embodiment, the diffusion heat treatment in step 5 is at a temperature of 350-500℃ for 1-6 h, and air cooling.

[0051] The technical scheme of the present application also provides a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate based on surface texturing pretreatment of a surface to be compounded, wherein the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0052] Example 1:

[0053] A 3 mm thick 5083 aluminum alloy and a 1 mm thick TA1 are used as raw materials to prepare a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate based on the technical scheme of the present application.

[0054] Step 1: softening annealing treatment is performed on the 5083 aluminum alloy and the TA1 titanium alloy respectively, the annealing temperature of the TA1 is 700℃, and the annealing time is 30 min; the annealing temperature of the 5083 aluminum alloy is 350℃, and the annealing time is 1 h.

[0055] Step 2: surface texturing pretreatment is performed on the surface of the titanium plate by using an ultrasonic rolling device, and the process is as follows Figure 2As shown in the figure, the ultrasonic rolling head 1 acts on the titanium plate 2, thereby forming the groove 3 on the titanium plate 2. The groove 3 has a hardened layer 4 at the bottom, and the distribution range of the hardened layer 4 is generally arc-shaped, and the grain size of the hardened layer area gradually transitions from the nanocrystalline 5 of the surface layer to the coarse grain 6 of the substrate from top to bottom. The advancing direction of the rolling head is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plate, and parallel grooves perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plate are formed on the surface of the titanium plate. The depth of the groove is about 50 μm, the width of the groove is about 900 μm, the distance between the center lines of adjacent grooves is about 1000 μm, the thickness of the hardened layer at the bottom of the groove is about 50 μm, and the average grain size of the nanocrystalline 5 of the surface layer is about 150 nm. The surface of the aluminum plate is polished by a grinding wheel to remove surface dirt and oxide film and form a rough surface to be compounded.

[0056] Step 3: The surfaces to be compounded of the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are stacked into a stack, and the head position of the stack is fixed by a rivet to prevent the titanium plate and the aluminum plate from moving during rolling.

[0057] Step 4: The titanium / aluminum stack is placed in a heat treatment furnace at a temperature of 350℃ for 10 min, and then quickly sent to a rolling mill with a rolling reduction of about 35% to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank.

[0058] Step 5: The titanium / aluminum composite plate blank is sent to a heat treatment furnace for diffusion heat treatment at a temperature of 450℃ for 2h to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with an interfacial bonding performance of 130 MPa, and the interface morphology is as shown in the figure. Figure 3 The hardened layer of the titanium layer is fully cracked, and the titanium / aluminum metal is tightly combined.

[0059] Example 2:

[0060] A 4mm-thick 1060 aluminum alloy and a 1mm-thick TA1 are used as raw materials to prepare a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate based on the technical scheme of the present application.

[0061] Step 1: Softening annealing treatment is performed on the 1060 aluminum alloy and the TA1 titanium alloy respectively, and the annealing temperature of the TA1 is 700℃, and the annealing time is 30 min; the annealing temperature of the 1060 aluminum alloy is 350℃, and the annealing time is 30 min.

[0062] Step 2: The surface of the titanium plate is pretreated by ultrasonic rolling equipment, and the process is as shown in the figure. Figure 2The advancing direction of the rolling head is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plate, and parallel grooves perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plate are formed on the surface of the titanium plate. The depth of the grooves is about 50 μm, the width of the grooves is about 900 μm, the distance between the center lines of adjacent grooves is about 1000 μm, the thickness of the hardened layer at the bottom of the grooves is about 50 μm, and the average grain size of the nanocrystalline surface layer is about 150 nm. The surface of the aluminum plate is polished by a grinding wheel to remove surface oil and oxide film and form a rough surface to be compounded.

[0063] Step 3: The surfaces to be compounded of the titanium plate and the aluminum plate are stacked to form a stack, and the head position of the stack is fixed by a rivet to prevent the titanium plate and the aluminum plate from moving during rolling.

[0064] Step 4: The titanium / aluminum stack is kept in a heat treatment furnace at a temperature of 300°C for 10 minutes, and then quickly sent to a rolling mill with a rolling reduction rate of about 40% to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank.

[0065] Step 5: The titanium / aluminum composite plate blank is sent to a heat treatment furnace for diffusion heat treatment at a temperature of 450°C for 2 hours to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with an interface bonding performance of 70 MPa.

[0066] Comparative Example:

[0067] A titanium / aluminum layered composite plate was prepared based on the traditional surface mechanical polishing pretreatment method using 3 mm thick 5083 aluminum alloy and 1 mm thick TA1 as raw materials.

[0068] Step 1: Softening annealing treatment was performed on the 5083 aluminum alloy and the TA1 titanium alloy respectively, the annealing temperature of the TA1 was 700°C, and the annealing time was 30 minutes; the annealing temperature of the 5083 aluminum alloy was 350°C, and the annealing time was 1 hour.

[0069] Step 2: The surface of the TA1 titanium plate was polished by a grinding wheel to remove surface oil and oxide layer. The surface of the aluminum plate was polished by a grinding wheel to remove surface oil, oxide film, and form a rough surface to be compounded.

[0070] Step 3: The surfaces to be compounded of the titanium plate and the aluminum plate were stacked to form a stack, and the head position of the stack was fixed by a rivet to prevent the titanium plate and the aluminum plate from moving during rolling.

[0071] Step 4: The titanium / aluminum stack was kept in a heat treatment furnace at a temperature of 350°C for 10 minutes, and then quickly sent to a rolling mill with a rolling reduction rate of about 35% to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate blank.

[0072] Step 5: The titanium / aluminum composite plate blank was sent to a heat treatment furnace for diffusion heat treatment at a temperature of 450°C for 2 hours to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with an interface bonding strength of less than 50 MPa.

[0073] In summary, the technical scheme of the present application provides a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate based on surface texturing pretreatment (to be compounded) and a preparation method thereof. The titanium layer and the aluminum layer are subjected to softening annealing. The surface of the difficult-to-deform titanium layer is subjected to controllable surface texturing processing. A gradient nanocrystalline hardening layer is constructed at the bottom of the textured area while the surface texture is constructed. The surface of the easy-to-deform aluminum layer is subjected to mechanical polishing treatment to increase the roughness and hardness of the surface. The titanium / aluminum metal component assembly after surface pretreatment is rolled and compounded at 250-400 DEG C, and then subjected to diffusion heat treatment to obtain a titanium / aluminum metal layered composite plate with high interface bonding strength. The method can prepare a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with high performance in an air environment under low pressure and low rolling temperature conditions, can significantly reduce the requirements for rolling mill load, vacuum degree and the like, and has the advantages of low cost, short process, small environmental pollution, energy saving and the like.

[0074] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present application and not to limit it. Although the present application is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical scheme of the present application can be modified or replaced by the same, without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical scheme of the present application, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing titanium / aluminum layered composite plates based on surface texturing pretreatment, characterized in that, The preparation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Anneal and soften the titanium plate and aluminum plate respectively; Step 2: Surface texture processing is performed on the titanium plate obtained in Step 1. A surface texture with groove depths of 50-100 μm, groove widths of 100-1000 μm, and spacing of 100-1000 μm is constructed on the titanium plate surface by ultrasonic rolling. Simultaneously, a nanocrystalline hardening layer with a depth of 1-50 μm is formed at the bottom of the grooves in the surface texture. The distribution range of the nanocrystalline hardening layer is generally arc-shaped, and the grain size of the nanocrystalline hardening layer gradually transitions from nanocrystalline on the surface to coarse grains in the matrix from top to bottom. The single-pass morphology of the formed surface texture is an arc-shaped groove, and the grain size of the nanocrystalline hardening layer at the bottom of the surface texture is 50-200 nm. The aluminum plate obtained in Step 1 is then subjected to surface mechanical polishing. Step 3: Assemble the titanium and aluminum plates processed in Step 2 to obtain a titanium / aluminum preform; Step 4: Roll the titanium / aluminum billet to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite slab; Step 5: Perform diffusion heat treatment on the titanium / aluminum layered composite plate to obtain a titanium / aluminum layered composite plate with high interfacial bonding strength. The specific range of the ultrasonic rolling process parameters is as follows: rolling head diameter 14 mm, amplitude 10~50 μm, scanning speed 0.01~0.05 m / s, preload 1~5 kN, rolling spacing 0.1~1 mm, and rolling passes 1~3 times.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2, the specific process parameters for ultrasonic rolling are as follows: rolling head diameter 14 mm, amplitude 35 μm, scanning speed 0.02 m / s, preload 4 kN, rolling spacing 0.8 mm, and rolling passes 2 times.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the pre-rolling heat preservation is 5~15 min, the rolling temperature is 250 ℃~400 ℃, the single-pass rolling reduction rate is 25%~50%, and the rolling passes are single passes or multiple passes.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the temperature of the diffusion heat treatment is 350 ℃~500 ℃, and the diffusion heat treatment time is 1~6 h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The titanium is pure titanium or a titanium alloy, and the aluminum is industrial pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

6. A titanium / aluminum layered composite plate based on surface texturing pretreatment, characterized in that, The titanium / aluminum layered composite plate is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

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