Mxene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar-liquid interface evaporation and photocatalytic performance and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, in particular to a MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interface evaporation and photocatalytic performance and a preparation method and application thereof, which comprises the following steps: S1, MXene preparation; S2, In2S3 (IS) preparation; S3, TiO2 / Ti2C3 (M@TiO2) preparation; S4, In2S3 / TiO2 / Ti2C3 (IS / M@TiO2) preparation; S5, synthesis of a photocatalytic heterojunction film (PCC-IS / M@TiO2); the application also provides the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interface evaporation and photocatalytic performance, which is prepared by using the above method; and the application also provides the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interface evaporation and photocatalytic performance and application thereof in seawater desalination and dye-containing wastewater purification treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, specifically to an MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction membrane with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Solar-powered interfacial evaporation technology, utilizing continuous sunlight to extract fresh water from seawater or wastewater, has attracted widespread attention. However, traditional photocatalytic materials suffer from low catalytic efficiency due to their weak internal light exposure. Therefore, exploring novel composite materials with synergistic photothermal conversion and photocatalytic functions is urgently needed. Semiconductor materials can utilize solar energy to degrade toxic chemicals into environmentally friendly compounds, generating energy (water splitting, reducing carbon dioxide to renewable hydrocarbon fuels), and converting sunlight into electrical energy (solar cells). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has garnered significant attention in the field of photocatalysis due to its low cost, good stability, and non-toxicity. Constructing heterojunctions by coupling TiO2 with narrow-bandgap semiconductors is an effective strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO2, enhancing visible light absorption while reducing the electron-hole complexation rate. Schottky junctions, a special type of heterojunction formed by the contact between a metal and a semiconductor, are considered one of the superior approaches to improving photocatalytic performance. Previously, noble metals were most commonly used in Schottky junctions, acting as electron reservoirs in the photocatalytic system and significantly improving the separation efficiency of photoinduced charge carriers. However, their widespread application is undoubtedly limited by their high price and severe scarcity. Among many narrow bandgap semiconductors, indium sulfide (In₂S₃) is an attractive semiconductor material due to its photocatalytic water splitting, suitable visible light absorption, and moderate charge transport characteristics. It has been extensively studied in photocatalysis and is most commonly used to form composite heterojunctions with titanium dioxide. Based on this, our invented MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with highly efficient solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance is a novel functional composite material with excellent performance in synergistic photothermal conversion and photocatalysis, showing promising application prospects in wastewater treatment and seawater desalination. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides an MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with highly efficient solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic properties, along with its preparation method and applications.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A method for preparing an MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] Preparation of S1, MXene;

[0007] Preparation of S2, In2S3 (IS): In the synthesis of In2S3, 291.95 mg of In(C2H3O2)3 was first placed in 35 mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min. Then, 112.69 mg of thioacetamide (TTA) was added and stirred further. The above precursor solution mixture was then transferred to a 100 mL autoclave, placed in an oven at 190 °C for 20 h and collected. It is denoted as IS.

[0008] Preparation of S3, TiO2 / Ti2C3 (M@TiO2): To synthesize (001)TiO2 / Ti3C2, 100 mg of prepared Ti3C2MXene and 165 mg of NaBF4 were added to 15 mL of HCl solution (1 M), sonicated (45 kHz, 25 °C) for 10 minutes, and stirred vigorously for 30 minutes. The suspension was then poured into a 50 mL stainless steel autoclave lined with polyvinyl fluoride and kept at 160 °C for 12 h. After naturally cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was washed with deionized water and ethanol and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50 °C for 12 h. It is denoted as M@TiO2.

[0009] Preparation of S4, In2S3 / TiO2 / Ti2C3 (IS / M@TiO2): 100 mg M@TiO2 was dispersed in 35 mL of DI water and sonicated for 30 min. Then, 50 mg In(C2H3O2)3 was added and stirred for 30 min, followed by the addition of 19.5 mg TTA and stirring for another 30 min. The resulting solution mixture was then transferred to a 100 mL autoclave and placed in a 190 °C oven for 20 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was washed multiple times with water and ethanol. It was then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 65 °C and collected; it is denoted as IS / M@TiO2.

[0010] S5. Synthesis of photocatalytic heterojunction film (PCC-IS / M@TiO2): First, 15 mg of IS / M@TiO2 catalyst was added to 7.795 mL of DMF solution and sonicated for 30 min, followed by the addition of 3-4 days of Tween 80. Next, 1.6 g of PVDF, 0.4 g of PEG, and 0.05 g of carbon black were added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 h, then stirred at room temperature for 24 h. Finally, the mixed casting solution was poured onto a glass plate to form a film, which was then detached in an acidic aqueous solution. The mixed film was then immersed in water for 48 h until neutral. It is denoted as PC-IS / M@TiO2.

[0011] Meanwhile, a control experiment was set up to enhance the hydrophilicity of the membrane by adding 0.05g CaCO3 and letting it stand in hydrochloric acid to create pores. This control experiment was named PCC-IS / M@TiO2.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of In(C2H3O2)3 to thioacetamide is 1:1.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the precipitate is rinsed 5-6 times with deionized water and ethanol.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the surface of the vacuum drying oven needs to be covered with plastic wrap and perforated during drying.

[0015] Preferably, in step S5, the ratio of concentrated hydrochloric acid to distilled water in the acidic aqueous solution is 1:10.

[0016] The present invention also provides an MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high efficiency in solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalysis, which is prepared by the above method.

[0017] The present invention also provides the above-mentioned MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction membrane with high efficiency of solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalysis, and its application in seawater desalination and purification of dye-containing wastewater.

[0018] As a preferred method, the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction membrane with high-efficiency solar interface evaporation and photocatalytic performance is placed in simulated seawater and dye-containing wastewater and exposed to sunlight.

[0019] This invention first introduces a synthesis method for an MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction membrane with high efficiency in solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalysis, primarily using a two-step hydrothermal method and a phase inversion method. Secondly, its applications in producing fresh water through solar interfacial evaporation and in the purification of dye-containing wastewater are described. Furthermore, the poor hydrophilicity of the PVDF membrane itself is addressed through modification with calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid, expanding its performance as a solar interfacial evaporation material. Photocatalytic experiments show that the modified PCC-IS / M@TiO2 membrane exhibits good hydrophilicity and high porosity, allowing for sufficient contact between the photocatalytic membrane and the dye solution, thus making it more suitable for wastewater treatment. It demonstrates good photocatalytic efficiency, achieving degradation rates of 93.34% and 94.79% for organic dyes RHB and MB, respectively. This composite material also possesses good photothermal conversion performance, achieving high efficiency at 1 kW m³ / h. -2 Under simulated sunlight, its evaporation rate and efficiency can reach 1.4898 kg m³. -2 h -1 And 82.93%. PCC-IS / M@TiO2, as a novel functional composite material with excellent performance in synergistic photothermal conversion and photocatalysis, has good application prospects in wastewater treatment and seawater desalination. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 In the text, a represents the process of synthesizing ternary integrated heterojunction IS / M@TiO2 via a two-step hydrothermal method, and b represents the preparation process of the photocatalytic heterojunction film PCC-IS / M@TiO2.

[0022] Figure 2 In the image, a is the SEM image of PVDF, b is the SEM image of PC-IS / M@TiO2, c is the SEM image of the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 film, d, e, f, j are the EDS elemental mappings of PCC-IS / M@TiO2, and k is the EDX spectrum of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 and the atomic percentage of its elements.

[0023] Figure 3 In the diagram, a is a schematic diagram of a solar-driven interface evaporation device, and b represents pure water, PC, PC-IS / M@TiO2, and PCC-IS / M@TiO2 at a 1kW m³ / h -2 The mass change over time, c is the mass of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 at 1-3kW m -2 Evaporation rate and efficiency at 1-3 kW m³ / m², d is PCC-IS / M@TiO₂ -2 The mass change, e, f, is PCC-IS / M@TiO2 at 1-3kW m -2 Surface temperature change at 1-3 kW / m, g is PCC-IS / M@TiO2 at 1-3 kW / m -2 Evaporation rate and efficiency at 1kW m³ / h for PCC-IS / M@TiO₂ -2 Evaporation efficiency for the next 10 cycles;

[0024] Figure 4 In the table, a represents the mass change of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 in salt solutions of different concentrations, b represents the evaporation efficiency and rate of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 in salt solutions of different concentrations, c represents the mass change of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 after evaporation for 8 hours in a solution containing 20% ​​sodium chloride, and d represents the efficiency and rate of evaporation of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 in a 20wt% NaCl solution for 8 hours. Figure 4In the figures, ad is the average of three quantitative analyses; e is an image of the upper part of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 after continuous exposure to a 20 wt% NaCl solution for 8 hours, during which evaporation occurred (the total salt content obtained after continuous evaporation in a 20% NaCl solution for 8 hours was 0.1 g); f is an image of 2 g of NaCl dissolved on the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 heterojunction membrane.

[0025] Figure 5 In the figure, a and b are the UV-Vis absorption spectra of MB and RHB at different times, c is the kinetic curve of PCC-IS / M@TiO2, both MB and RHB conform to the pseudo-first-order reaction model, d is the photodegradation curve of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 heterojunction film in different dyes MB and RHB, e is the degradation efficiency of MB and RHB with or without the addition of PCC-IS / M@TiO2, and f is the degradation curve of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 after three cycles of photodegradation, taking RHB as an example. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The method for preparing the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a roadmap for the preparation of the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance according to the present invention.

[0030] Example 1: Synthesis of Ternary Integrated Heterojunction In2S3 / TiO2 / Ti2C3 (IS / M@TiO2)

[0031] I. Preparation of MXene

[0032] (1) Stripping and etching of Ti3AlC2

[0033] MXene (Ti3C2Tx) was synthesized by selectively etching the Al layer of Ti3AlC2 powder. 3g of Ti3AlC2 powder was slowly added to a 60mL 40% HF solution in a PTFE container while stirring to avoid overheating due to the exothermic nature of the process. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 48 hours. During stirring, the container surface was covered with two layers of plastic wrap and secured with rubber bands. The rubber bands should not be too loose or too tight; too loose a band would cause excessive acid evaporation, while too tight a band would prevent air bubbles from escaping and cause inflation. The etched mixture was rinsed 5-6 times with deionized water or ethanol, and the pH was measured until the solution was neutral. The solution was poured into open petri dishes, the surface was covered with plastic wrap and perforated, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 60℃ for 12 hours before collection.

[0034] (2) Preparation of In2S3 (IS):

[0035] To synthesize In₂S₃, 291.95 mg of In(C₂H₃O₂)₃ was first added to 35 mL of deionized water, sealed, and stirred for 30 min. Then, 112.69 mg of thioacetamide (TTA) was added, and the mixture was stirred further. The resulting precursor solution mixture was then transferred to a 100 mL autoclave and placed in an oven at 190 °C for 20 h. After the autoclave cooled to room temperature, the reactants were dried and collected.

[0036] (3) Preparation of TiO2 / Ti2C3 (M@TiO2):

[0037] To synthesize (001)TiO2 / Ti3C2, 100 mg of prepared Ti3C2MXene and 165 mg of NaBF4 were added to 15 mL of HCl solution (1 M), sonicated (45 kHz, 25 °C) for 10 minutes, and stirred vigorously for 30 minutes. The suspension was then poured into a 50 mL stainless steel autoclave lined with polytetrafluoroethylene and kept at 160 °C for 12 hours. After it cooled naturally to room temperature, the precipitate was washed 5-6 times with deionized water and ethanol, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50 °C for 12 hours.

[0038] (4) Preparation of In2S3 / TiO2 / Ti2C3 (IS / M@TiO2):

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure a, 100 mg M@TiO2 was dispersed in 35 mL of DI water and sonicated for 30 min. Then, 50 mg In(C2H3O2)3 was added and stirred for 30 min, followed by the addition of 19.5 mg TTA and stirring for another 30 min. The resulting solution mixture was then transferred to a 100 mL autoclave and placed in a 190 °C oven for 20 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was washed multiple times with water and ethanol. Finally, it was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 65 °C and collected.

[0040] Example 2: Preparation of photocatalytic heterojunction film (PCC-IS / M@TiO2):

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown in b, firstly, 15 mg of IS / M@TiO2 catalyst was added to 7.795 mL of DMF solution and sonicated for 30 min, followed by the addition of 3-4 days of Tween 80. Next, 1.6 g of PVDF, 0.4 g of PEG, and 0.05 g of carbon black were added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 1 h, then at room temperature for 24 h. Finally, the mixed casting solution was poured onto a glass plate to form a film, which was then detached in an acidic aqueous solution. The mixed film was then immersed in clean water for 48 h until neutral.

[0042] Meanwhile, a control experiment was set up to enhance the hydrophilicity of the membrane by adding 0.05g CaCO3 and letting it stand in hydrochloric acid to create pores. This control experiment was named PCC-IS / M@TiO2.

[0043] The prepared PCC-IS / M@TiO2 is a porous circular thin film structure with a height of 0.1 mm and a diameter of 3 cm.

[0044] Figure 2 In the figure, a is the SEM image of the PVDF film, b is the SEM image of PC-IS / M@TiO2, c is the SEM image of the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 film, d, e, f, j are the EDS elemental mappings of PCC-IS / M@TiO2, and k is the EDX spectrum of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 and the atomic percentage of its elements.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown in Figure a, it can be seen from the figure that the surface of a typical PVDF membrane is smooth and has virtually no voids.

[0046] like Figure 2 As can be seen from b, after adding IS / M@TiO2 heterojunction to the PVDF film, the surface of PC-IS / M@TiO2 becomes rougher and the surface porosity is better than that of ordinary PVDF film, but the porosity is still low.

[0047] like Figure 2 c. After adding CaCO3 to PC-IS / M@TiO2 and immersing it in HCl, CO2 is released, which makes the surface of PC-IS / M@TiO2 rougher and the pore distribution richer.

[0048] like Figure 2dj represents the EDS elemental mapping of PCC-IS / M@TiO2. The presence and uniform distribution of Ti, F, C, O, Ca, In and S elements on the surface of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 material can be observed, indicating that the modification of the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 heterostructure film is successful.

[0049] like Figure 2 The EDX spectrum of kJ / k allows for a more intuitive observation of the atomic percentage of elements on the material surface. Therefore, the CaCO3-modified PCC-IS / M@TiO2 heterojunction film lays a good foundation for the absorption of interfacial evaporation light and water transport.

[0050] Example 3: Application of the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction membrane with high-efficiency solar interface evaporation and photocatalytic performance in solar interface evaporation and dye-containing wastewater purification.

[0051] I. The PC-IS / M@TiO2 and PCC-IS / M@TiO2 prepared in Example 2 were placed in different environments (pure water, simulated seawater, 5% NaCl, 10% NaCl, 15% NaCl and 20% NaCl solutions), respectively, and subjected to one solar radiation (1kW / m²). -2 The evaporation performance of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 was investigated by measuring the mass change of the evaporated water. A laboratory simulated solar experimental system was used to test the evaporation performance. Simultaneously, the mass change of water in the system was monitored in real time using an electronic analytical balance, and the temperature change of the material surface was monitored using an infrared camera. Ten evaporation efficiency tests were conducted on PCC-IS / M@TiO2 under a single solar environment.

[0052] like Figure 3 a is a schematic diagram of the simulated solar-driven interface evaporation experimental setup used in this experiment.

[0053] like Figure 3 b represents pure water, PC, PC-IS / M@TiO2, and PCC-IS / M@TiO2 at a 1kW m -2 The quality changes over time.

[0054] like Figure 3 c represents PCC-IS / M@TiO2 at 1-3kW m -2 The evaporation rate and efficiency at 1kW m⁻¹ were compared. The mass loss of PCC-IS / M@TiO₂ was significantly higher than that of other control materials. -2 Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the calculated evaporation rate and efficiency of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 were 1.4898 kg m³. -2 h -1 And 82.93%, which is much higher than that of pure water, PC and PC-IS / M@TiO2.

[0055] like Figure 3 As shown in Figure d, the mass change of water evaporated from PCC-IS / M@TiO2, the material surface temperature, and the evaporation efficiency and rate were investigated under different light intensities. The evaporation efficiency and rate were calculated at 1-3 kW / m². -2 The evaporation efficiency under different irradiation intensities can reach 82.93%, 72.33%, and 67.99%. It is evident that the heat loss of the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 evaporation system gradually increases with increasing light intensity, thus causing the evaporation rate to decrease with increasing light intensity.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown in f, further infrared thermal imagers were used to record data at 1-3 kW m. -2 Surface temperature variation of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 under irradiation intensity. (1-3 kW m) -2 Under irradiation intensity, the surface temperature of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 increased from about 17.7℃ to 41.5℃, 46.0℃ and 54.0℃ respectively within 60 min.

[0057] like Figure 3 As shown in h, the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 was subjected to 10 cycles of stability testing. The test results show that it can still maintain good interfacial evaporation performance after 10 cycles, indicating that the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 heterojunction film has good cycle stability.

[0058] like Figure 4 a further test of 1kW m -2 The mass changes of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 under irradiation intensity in simulated seawater and 5wt%, 10wt%, 15wt%, and 20wt% NaCl solutions. It can be observed that the mass change of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 gradually decreases with increasing salt concentration.

[0059] Figure 4 b represents the evaporation rate and evaporation efficiency when the NaCl concentration reaches 20 wt%, which are 1.1919 kg m. -2 h -1 The evaporation rate and efficiency of the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 heterojunction film gradually decreased with increasing salt solution concentration, reaching 68.33%. To test the salt tolerance of PCC-IS / M@TiO2 during continuous evaporation, it was placed in a 20wt% NaCl solution for a long-term salt tolerance test for 8 hours.

[0060] Figure 4 c and d represent evaporation rates that are basically stable at 1.2-1.3 kg / m³. -2 h -1 about.

[0061] Figure 4 As shown in Figure e, to further demonstrate its salt resistance mechanism, 2g of NaCl was placed on the surface of a moistened PCC-IS / M@TiO2. Observation revealed that after approximately 70 minutes, there were virtually no salt particles on the material surface, indicating complete salt penetration. This demonstrates that PCC-IS / M@TiO2 possesses an excellent pore structure. EPE foam, lacking a good pore structure, was placed around PCC-IS / M@TiO2 to enhance its self-floating properties.

[0062] Figure 4 Figure f shows the thick salt layer that gradually covered the upper surface of the EPE foam after 8 hours. The salt crystals were easily peeled off, and the amount of salt collected reached 0.1g. Therefore, the PCC-IS / M@TiO2 material can achieve effective salt collection.

[0063] Figure 5 a and b show the changes in the UV-Vis absorption spectra of MB and RHB solutions at different reaction times during photodegradation. It can be seen that the characteristic peaks of organic pollutants gradually decrease as the reaction proceeds, indicating that PCC-IS / M@TiO2 has a good degradation effect on organic pollutants under simulated solar radiation. The self-degradation behavior of the two dyes under the same illumination time was also studied as a control.

[0064] Figure 5 Figures d and e show that the degradation rates of MB and RHB by PCC-IS / M@TiO2 rapidly decreased from 1 to approximately 0.0667 and 0.0521, respectively, corresponding to high degradation efficiencies of 93.34% and 94.79%. In simulated sunlight degradation, the degradation rates were significantly higher than those of pure dyes without PCC-IS / M@TiO2.

[0065] according to Figure 5 The kinetic constants in c are used to calculate the kinetic parameters of the reaction.

[0066] Figure 5 Taking RHB as an example, a cyclic photodegradation experiment was conducted on PCC-IS / M@TiO2. It can be observed that after three cycles, PCC-IS / M@TiO2 can still maintain good photocatalytic performance, indicating that PCC-IS / M@TiO2 has good recycling performance.

[0067] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Preparation of S1, MXene; Preparation of S2, In2S3 (IS): In the synthesis of In2S3, 291.95 mg of In(C2H3O2)3 was first placed in 35 mL of deionized water and stirred for 30 min. Then, 112.69 mg of thioacetamide (TTA) was added and stirred further. The above precursor solution mixture was then transferred to a 100 mL autoclave and placed in an oven at 190 °C for 20 h to react and collect. It is denoted as IS. Preparation of S3, TiO2 / Ti2C3 (M@TiO2): To synthesize (001)TiO2 / Ti3C2, 100 mg of prepared Ti3C2MXene and 165 mg of NaBF4 were added to 15 mL of HCl solution with a concentration of 1 mol / L. The mixture was sonicated for 10 minutes at 45 kHz and 25 °C. After vigorous stirring for 30 minutes, the suspension was poured into a 50 mL stainless steel autoclave lined with polyvinyl fluoride and kept at 160 °C for 12 h. After naturally cooling to room temperature, the precipitate was washed with deionized water and ethanol and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 50 °C for 12 h. It is denoted as M@TiO2. Preparation of S4, In2S3 / TiO2 / Ti2C3 (IS / M@TiO2): 100 mg M@TiO2 was dispersed in 35 mL of DI water and sonicated for 30 min. Then, 50 mg In(C2H3O2)3 was added and stirred for 30 min. Then, 19.5 mg TTA was added and stirred for 30 min. The above solution mixture was then transferred to a 100 mL autoclave and placed in an oven at 190 °C for 20 h. After cooling to room temperature, it was washed several times with water and ethanol, and then dried in a vacuum drying oven at 65 °C and collected. It is represented as IS / M@TiO2; S5, Synthesis of photocatalytic heterojunction film (PCC-IS / M@TiO2): First, 15 mg of IS / M@TiO2 catalyst was added to 7.795 mL of DMF solution and sonicated for 30 min, followed by the addition of 3-4 drops of Tween 80. Next, 1.6 g of PVDF, 0.4 g of PEG, and 0.05 g of carbon black were added and stirred at 80 °C for 1 h, followed by stirring at room temperature for 24 h. Finally, the mixed casting solution was poured onto a glass plate to form a film, which was then detached in an acidic aqueous solution. The mixed film was then immersed in water for 48 h until neutral. It is denoted as PC-IS / M@TiO2. Meanwhile, a control experiment was set up to enhance the hydrophilicity of the membrane by adding 0.05g CaCO3 and letting it stand in hydrochloric acid to create pores. This control experiment was named PCC-IS / M@TiO2.

2. The method for preparing the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the precipitate is rinsed 5-6 times with deionized water and ethanol.

3. The method for preparing the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the surface of the vacuum drying oven needs to be covered with plastic wrap and perforated during drying.

4. The method for preparing the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the ratio of concentrated hydrochloric acid to distilled water in the acidic aqueous solution is 1:

10.

5. An MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction film with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance is prepared by the method described in any one of claims 1-4.

6. The application of the MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction membrane with high-efficiency solar interfacial evaporation and photocatalytic performance as described in claim 5 in the generation of fresh water by solar interfacial evaporation and the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes.

7. The application according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method involves placing an MXene-based ternary integrated heterojunction membrane with high-efficiency solar interface evaporation and photocatalytic performance in seawater or dye wastewater and exposing it to sunlight.

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