A method for planting cistanche by inoculating cistanche with atriplex canescens in loess plateau of northern shaanxi

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of plant of Cistanche, and discloses a kind of planting method of four-winged Atriplex inoculating Cistanche in Shanbei Loess Plateau, comprising: 2-3 years old four-winged Atriplex host forest planting;Semi-mechanized hole drilling method is used to drill a row of inoculation holes at the host 30-40 cm between planting row spacing;After hole drilling is completed, carbendazim and methyldemeton are sprayed in the inoculation hole for disease and insect pest control, then ABT1 rooting powder is sprayed in the inoculation hole, and Cistanche seeds treated by germination are scattered into the prepared biological fertilizer compound, and a three-dimensional inclined slope inoculation bed is made;After backfilling soil, the inoculation pit is drip irrigated and subsequently maintained and managed for weeding, disease and insect pest control;Cistanche medicinal materials are collected by artificial and mechanical methods within 2-3 years of inoculation.The present application greatly improves the selection accuracy of host plants, the parasitic rate and yield of Cistanche, reduces production cost, and makes semi-mechanized planting of Cistanche possible in Shanbei Loess Plateau.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for cultivating Cistanche deserticola by inoculating Trichosanthes kirilowii in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, belonging to the field of Cistanche deserticola cultivation technology. Background Technology

[0002] Desert Cistanche ( Cistanche deserticola Ma) belongs to the genus Cistanche of the family Orobanchaceae. Cistanches A parasitic plant, its dried, scaly, fleshy stem possesses properties that tonify kidney yang, nourish essence and blood, and moisten the intestines to relieve constipation. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica) lists it as a superior-grade herb, earning it the reputation of "desert ginseng." *Cistanche deserticola* is mainly produced in the deserts or parts of saline-alkali lands of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Ningxia in my country. Its host plants include *Haloxylon ammodendron* (…). Haloxylon ammodendron (CA Mey.) Bunge), White Haloxylon ammodendron ( Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss. & Buhse) and four-winged barnyardgrass ( Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., etc. In recent years, wild Cistanche deserticola resources have been severely damaged. This species has become a Class II protected plant in my country and is included in the International List of Wild Plants under Protection. With the improvement of people's living standards and the rise of the trend of returning to nature, Cistanche deserticola, as a tonic medicinal material, is receiving increasing attention, and the market demand is huge. Developing cultivation in sandy areas is key to solving the shortage of Cistanche deserticola resources. Sandy soil particles are loose and unstructured, with small porosity and weak capillary action, resulting in poor soil water retention capacity. At the same time, the organic matter in sandy soil decomposes quickly and has a low humification coefficient, resulting in poor soil fertility and low nutrient content. Therefore, cultivating Cistanche deserticola in sandy areas is very difficult.

[0003] Cistanche deserticola has unique biological characteristics. Artificial cultivation requires not only mastering mature parasitic cultivation techniques but also planting host plants such as Haloxylon ammodendron in advance. Typically, the Cistanche deserticola parasitizing the host plant's roots can only be harvested after 4-5 years. However, after 7-8 years, Haloxylon ammodendron ages and its root system diminishes, directly resulting in a typical yield of only around 50 kg / mu (approximately 0.16 acres) of Cistanche deserticola from Haloxylon ammodendron in the field. Current planting methods suffer from low inoculation rates, and it's difficult to determine inoculation status shortly after sowing. Field production also involves large seed consumption, high manual harvesting costs, high water consumption, and unstable yields, all contributing to low yields and high production costs. Recent research has discovered that Trichosanthes kirilowii can parasitize Cistanche deserticola. The desert Cistanche deserticola parasitized on its roots not only boasts high yields and quality but also exhibits drought resistance, cold tolerance, and salt tolerance, making it suitable as cattle and sheep feed and possessing broad application prospects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to conduct research on new planting technologies that can shorten the planting cycle, reduce production costs, and increase the parasitism rate and yield of Cistanche deserticola. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the problems of low inoculation rates and high costs currently faced by the Cistanche deserticola cultivation industry. It provides a cultivation method for inoculating Cistanche deserticola with Trichoderma tetrapanax in the heart of the Mu Us Desert in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. This method employs a semi-mechanized hole-drilling method for precise inoculation of Cistanche deserticola. Compared with the traditional methods of digging trenches and holes, this method significantly improves mechanical efficiency and host selection accuracy, reduces inoculation costs, and makes semi-mechanized cultivation possible in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. This will solve the long-standing problem of low economic benefits in the artificial cultivation of desert Cistanche deserticola.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this invention provides a method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, comprising:

[0006] a. Select soil types that are aeolian sandy soil or sandy soil, with a groundwater depth ≥2m and a plot area of ​​not less than 300m². 2 ;

[0007] b. Plant the tetrawinged quinoa host forest at a spacing of 1.0 × 2.0 m. The planting method is direct seeding or transplanting after 1 to 2 years of cutting. Select 2 to 3-year-old tetrawinged quinoa host forests with good growth for inoculation.

[0008] c. Using a semi-mechanized hole-drilling method, a row of inoculation holes is drilled 30-40cm away from the host plant in the planting row. The inoculation holes are circular, with a diameter of 20-25cm, a depth of 40-60cm, and a spacing of 80-120cm. Carbendazim and cypermethrin are sprayed into the inoculation holes for pest and disease control, and ABT1 rooting powder is applied to promote host germination.

[0009] d. After drilling the holes, sprinkle the well-mixed Cistanche deserticola seeds that have undergone germination treatment and the prepared bio-fertilizer compound into the inoculation holes, and make the mixture into a three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed with a height of 20-25cm. Cover the soil and tamp it down while ensuring that the slope is not deformed. Leave an inoculation pit with a depth of 5-10cm for irrigation.

[0010] e. After inoculation, install drip irrigation pipes over the inoculation pits, and irrigate each pit with 15-20 kg of water each time to ensure that the pits are completely wet.

[0011] f. Host forest maintenance and management, including regular watering, weeding and the use of highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides for pest and disease control;

[0012] g. In April and May, 1-3 years after planting, the exposed Cistanche deserticola is harvested. In October and November, 2-3 years after planting, the harvesting time is determined according to the temperature change. A semi-mechanized hole-drilling machine is used to dig next to the inoculation pit. The method is to dig a hole next to the inoculation hole and expose the Cistanche deserticola by digging soil on one side for harvesting. Afterwards, compound fertilizer containing Cistanche deserticola seeds and biological fertilizer is spread in for secondary parasitic planting.

[0013] Preferably, the bio-fertilizer, by weight, comprises: 20-25 parts dried cow manure, 20-25 parts dried sheep manure, 5-8 parts fly ash, 5-8 parts corn cob powder, and Beauveria bassiana (…). Beauveria bassiana 1-2 portions, Bacillus cereus ( bacillus cereus 1-2 portions, Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis 1-2 parts, Megasporium ( Gigaspora rosea 1-2 portions, Berberis genus ( Berberis 2-5 parts plant extract, 2-3 parts starch-grafted acrylate, 1-2 parts biochar, 1-2 parts bentonite, 1-2 parts attapulgite, and 15-20 parts sand.

[0014] Fly ash is an excellent soil conditioner. Applying fly ash to the Cistanche deserticola inoculation bed can increase the fertility and water retention of sandy soil, promote the root growth of the host plant Trichosanthes kirilowii, and increase the parasitism rate of Cistanche deserticola.

[0015] Corn cob powder is a common agricultural waste in northern Shaanxi. Applying corn cob powder can improve the sandy soil texture in the hinterland of the Mu Us Desert in northern Shaanxi, increase soil fertility and improve soil structure, and promote the growth of the host plant, Trichosanthes kirilowii.

[0016] Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus subtilis are a class of biological control agents that improve the microbial structure of sandy soils and prevent diseases and pests affecting Cistanche deserticola and its host plants. Beauveria bassiana kills pests through contact infection via its cell wall under natural conditions; Bacillus cereus primarily controls soil-borne bacterial diseases; and Bacillus subtilis can control various soil-borne diseases. Root application or seed treatment can control soil-borne diseases caused by Fusarium and Aspergillus fungi, while foliar spraying can control powdery mildew, downy mildew, and gray mold.

[0017] Megaspora is a type of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM fungus). These fungi can form arbuscular mycorrhizal symbionts on the roots of most terrestrial plants, playing a crucial role in balancing mineral nutrient cycling and efficient water utilization. Previous research by the applicant found a significant correlation between Megaspora AM fungi and Cistanche deserticola parasitism. The Megaspora AM fungal agent used in this invention is a dominant strain propagated by our research group. Experiments show that this strain can form a symbiotic relationship with Trichoderma tetrapoda, significantly improving vegetative growth in sandy soils, increasing Cistanche deserticola yield, and also improving the soil structure and physicochemical properties of sandy areas.

[0018] Berberis macrophylla or Berberis shanxiense are common Berberis species in northern Shaanxi Province, with a wide distribution. Berberis plant extracts are rich in various alkaloid active ingredients. When applied to the field, they can quickly penetrate to diseased parts of the plant, inhibiting the growth and reproduction of various bacteria and fungi by interfering with the metabolism of pathogens. In addition, berberine also has excellent antibacterial, insecticidal, and herbicidal activities, making it a highly effective biocontrol agent for controlling underground pests and diseases of Cistanche deserticola. This invention utilizes berberine plant extracts, developing and utilizing local unique plant resources, turning waste into treasure, and improving the ecological cultivation technology of Cistanche deserticola.

[0019] The starch-grafted acrylate is non-toxic, harmless, and environmentally friendly. It has strong water absorption and retention capabilities, and when applied to sandy soils, it significantly improves soil water retention, serving as a soil conditioner for sandy areas that retains water, fertilizes, and inhibits evaporation. Experiments show that even a low concentration can greatly improve soil moisture utilization, providing a "miniature reservoir" for Cistanche deserticola seed germination and host growth.

[0020] In this invention, biochar, bentonite, and attapulgite play a role in improving sandy soil, promoting the growth of biocontrol bacteria, and providing slow-release protection against pests and diseases. Biochar and attapulgite have abundant porous structures, providing a breeding ground for biocontrol bacteria such as Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus cereus, and Megaspora megaterium. Bentonite, after absorbing water, can expand several times in volume, serving as a carrier to support more biochar, attapulgite, and other substances, allowing for the slow release of their effects and continuously providing nutrients to the soil.

[0021] Preferably, the Berberis plant extract is an extract of Berberis macrophylla or Berberis shaanxiensis. The preparation method of the Berberis plant extract is as follows: the whole plant of the harvested and dried Berberis plant is crushed to 60-80 mesh, water equivalent to 5-7 times its mass is added to the crushed Berberis plant, the power of the ultrasonic cleaner is set to 600-800W, and ultrasonic extraction is performed 2-3 times, each time for 20-30 minutes. The resulting extract is filtered, concentrated and dried in sequence to obtain the Berberis plant extract.

[0022] Preferably, the slope has an angle of 45° with the horizontal plane, the amount of Cistanche deserticola seeds used is 40-60 seeds per hole, and the amount of bio-fertilizer used is 3-5 kg ​​per hole.

[0023] Preferably, the specific method for maintaining and managing the host forest is as follows: watering once every 1 to 2 months in the year after inoculation and parasitism, with an irrigation amount of 15 to 20 kg / inoculation hole, ensuring that the inoculation hole is completely wet; in the year following inoculation and thereafter, selective watering is carried out according to the growth of the host; weeding is carried out regularly in the planting base, and pest and disease control is carried out using insect-attracting lamps and carbendazim agents.

[0024] Preferably, the method for germinating Cistanche deserticola seeds is as follows: Cistanche deserticola seeds with a particle size >0.5 mm are selected. Before inoculation, they are soaked in a 10-20 μg / g gibberellin solution, a 1-5 μg / g fluazinam solution, and a Haloxylon ammodendron root alcohol extract for 12 hours. After washing and drying, the seeds are mixed evenly with fine sand at a mass ratio of 1:5. The mixture is then placed at 20℃ for 50-65 days, spread in a storage pit, and covered with a 25-35 cm thick layer of moist sand. The mixture is then stratified at 0-4℃ for 60-90 days. The method for preparing the Haloxylon ammodendron root alcohol extract is as follows: Fresh Haloxylon ammodendron roots and fine roots harvested from the base are chopped into 2-3 cm segments. The Haloxylon ammodendron roots are placed in a 60% ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 1:2, and extracted by shaking on a shaker for 10 hours. The filtrate is then filtered to obtain the final product.

[0025] Preferably, the direct seeding method for the *Trichoderma tetrawingensis* host forest is as follows: pre-treat the *Trichoderma tetrawingensis* seeds; sow in early to mid-April for field seedling cultivation; and transplant the seedlings when they reach 1-2 years old.

[0026] Preferably, the pretreatment method for the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum is as follows: soaking and germination is carried out by soaking the seeds in an 800-fold dilution of 0.3% potassium permanganate for 2-3 hours, rinsing them with clean water, and then soaking them in ABT1 rooting powder at a concentration of 10-50 mg / kg at a volume ratio of (1:1000) to (3:1000) for 48-72 hours before sowing.

[0027] Preferably, the propagation method for the tetrawinged pheasant host forest is as follows:

[0028] Select healthy and superior single plants from June to August of that year, collect 8-10cm long tender branches from the middle and upper parts of the current year, leave 3-6 leaves at the top, and remove the rest of the branches and leaves at the bottom as cuttings.

[0029] After the cuttings are prepared, soak the lower part of the cuttings in ABT1 rooting powder solution at a concentration of 50-100 mg / kg for 2 hours before inserting them into the soil.

[0030] Shade the cuttings for 10 days after cutting and water them 1-2 times a day to keep the relative humidity above 85%.

[0031] Greenhouse management, water and fertilizer management, and pest and disease control;

[0032] Softwood cuttings are propagated in containers, and seedlings are transplanted to plant forests when the roots have grown to the bottom of the container.

[0033] Preferably, the transplanting method for the tetrawinged quinoa host forest is as follows:

[0034] Select 1-2 year old four-winged quinoa seedlings and plant them in circular planting pits with a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 40cm. When the soil reaches 3 / 4 of the height of the planting pit, gently pull the seedlings upwards, then tamp the soil down, leaving a planting pit 5-10cm deep. Water them promptly. In the early stage of planting, water them once every 10-15 days, and then once a month thereafter.

[0035] The beneficial effects achieved by this invention are as follows:

[0036] 1. This invention achieves root severance by selectively drilling holes near the host plant. Spraying ABT1 rooting powder promotes rapid regeneration of severed roots and encourages the growth of new roots in the host plant, ensuring the effective utilization and healthy growth of Cistanche deserticola seeds. Spraying carbendazim and cypermethrin can prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases in Cistanche deserticola and the host plant.

[0037] 2. A three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed planting method is adopted. This involves sowing evenly mixed pre-germinated Cistanche deserticola seeds and a prepared bio-fertilizer compound into the inoculation holes. Water and fertilizer are mainly provided near the pre-germinated Cistanche deserticola seeds to attract host roots to grow into the inoculation holes, increasing the probability of contact between Cistanche deserticola seeds and host roots. The purpose of making inoculation beds with a height of 20cm and a 45-degree slope is to produce Cistanche deserticola medicinal materials of different lengths and specifications, reduce the amount of agricultural inputs, and increase the probability of contact between Cistanche deserticola and host roots at different heights, ultimately achieving the goal of increasing the parasitism rate and yield of Cistanche deserticola.

[0038] 3. Cultivating Trichosanthes kirilowii to produce Cistanche deserticola can achieve the goal of increasing parasitism rate and yield. During the implementation process, it was found that compared with Haloxylon ammodendron, Trichosanthes kirilowii has a very developed root system, thus increasing the parasitism rate of Cistanche deserticola. Moreover, the rapid growth and resistance to degeneration of Trichosanthes kirilowii also provide favorable conditions for the growth of Cistanche deserticola and its continuous cultivation for many years.

[0039] 4. The seeds of *Cistanche deserticola* are sieved and subjected to a series of germination-promoting treatments. This is primarily to ensure the uniformity of the selected seeds, effectively break the physiological dormancy of *Cistanche deserticola* seeds, and promote uniform and efficient germination and parasitism under suitable conditions. The addition of *Haloxylon ammodendron* root alcohol extract helps break the dormancy of *Cistanche deserticola* seeds. Combined with treatment with gibberellin and fluazinam, this increases the haustorium formation rate of *Cistanche deserticola* seeds, promoting effective parasitism.

[0040] 5. The bio-fertilizers selected include dried cow manure, dried sheep manure, fly ash, corn cob powder, starch-grafted acrylate, biochar, bentonite, attapulgite, Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Megaspora megaterium, and Berberis extracts. These substances are primarily used to improve the ecological cultivation techniques of Cistanche deserticola, thereby increasing its medicinal quality and yield. Cow and sheep manure, fly ash, and corn cob powder are abundant agricultural wastes in northern Shaanxi, which can be transformed into valuable resources during Cistanche deserticola cultivation, improving soil fertility and texture. The starch-grafted acrylate, biochar, bentonite, and attapulgite used also aim to improve soil structure and function. The Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Berberis extracts commonly found in northern Shaanxi are used to reduce pesticide use and produce high-quality medicinal materials with low toxicity and residues. The addition of AM fungi such as Megaspora megaterium is intended to increase the inoculation and parasitism rate of Cistanche deserticola.

[0041] 6. The semi-mechanized hole-drilling method and the inoculation method of uniformly mixing Cistanche deserticola seeds and prepared organic fertilizer adopted in this invention are not only simple and easy to implement, but also greatly improve the efficiency of Cistanche deserticola seed use and reduce production costs. This creates conditions for realizing semi-mechanized inoculation of Cistanche deserticola. At the same time, it avoids the damage to the surface and water evaporation caused by large-scale excavation in the sandy areas of northern Shaanxi, and protects the vegetation of the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi to the greatest extent. This method is suitable for the planting of Cistanche deserticola in sandy areas such as northern Shaanxi. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional inclined inoculation method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the cultivation of *Trichosanthes kirilowii* and the harvesting of *Cistanche deserticola* in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the root system growth of a 3-year-old Triplophysa 'Tetrapanax' plant according to the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the root system growth of a 3-year-old Haloxylon ammodendron according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] This invention was experimentally studied at a Cistanche deserticola cultivation base in the heart of the Mu Us Desert in Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province. Due to water erosion, the area is fragmented; therefore, to facilitate semi-mechanized operations, the Cistanche deserticola cultivation base was selected on flat land with a slope of ≤10°, a groundwater depth of ≥2m, and an area of ​​40,000 m². 2 The test site; the entire test area consists of wind-blown sand and sandy soil. Example 1

[0048] This embodiment provides a method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, including the following steps:

[0049] a. Trichoderma tetrapanax was directly sown and inoculated, with a plant spacing of 1.0 × 2.0 m;

[0050] b. Select a planting site for two-year-old Trigonella foenum-graecum with good growth and a root distribution depth of ≤80cm. Inoculate in April to June.

[0051] c. Using a semi-mechanical rotary hole method, a row of inoculation holes is made 40cm apart from the host plant in the planting row. The inoculation holes are circular, with a diameter of 25cm and a depth of 60cm, and the spacing between the inoculation holes is 100cm. Spray carbendazim and cypermethrin in the inoculation holes according to the pesticide requirements for pest and disease control, and spray ABT1 rooting powder to promote the rooting of Trichoderma tetragonum.

[0052] d. Sprinkle evenly mixed, pre-germinated Cistanche deserticola seeds and the prepared bio-fertilizer compound into the inoculation holes. The amount of Cistanche deserticola seeds used is 50 seeds / hole, and the amount of the prepared bio-fertilizer is 4 kg / hole. The germination reagents are 15 μg / g gibberellin solution, 4 μg / g fluazinam solution, and 60% ethanol extract of Haloxylon ammodendron fine roots, soaked for 12 hours, dried, and then subjected to variable temperature stratification. The prepared bio-fertilizer compound includes 23 parts dried cow manure, 23 parts dried sheep manure, 7 parts fly ash, 7 parts corn cob powder, 2 parts Beauveria bassiana, 2 parts Bacillus cereus, 2 parts Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts Megaspora, 4 parts Berberis extract, 3 parts starch-grafted acrylate, 2 parts biochar, 2 parts bentonite, 2 parts attapulgite, and 15 parts sand. The mixture is then used to create a 25 cm high, sloping inoculation bed (e.g., Figure 1 (As shown), then cover and compact the soil while ensuring the slope does not deform, leaving an 8cm deep inoculation pit for irrigation;

[0053] e. After inoculation, drip irrigation pipes are installed on the inoculation trench to ensure that irrigation water is accurately poured into the inoculation pit. The amount of water poured at one time is about 15 kg / inoculation hole to induce the host root system to extend to the expected three-dimensional inoculation layer.

[0054] f. Host forest maintenance and management: regularly clear weeds between rows and ensure ventilation; use fungicides such as carbendazim for pest and disease control; after inoculation, water once a month at a rate of 15 kg / inoculation hole to induce the distribution of host roots in the inoculation bed.

[0055] g. In April and May one year after planting, the Cistanche deserticola is manually harvested according to its emergence. In October and November two years after planting, the harvesting time is determined according to temperature changes. A semi-mechanized hole-drilling machine is used to drill holes next to the inoculation pits, and the soil in the inoculation pits is dug out with shovels to harvest the Cistanche deserticola. After that, the mixed soil containing Cistanche deserticola seeds is continued to be sown for planting. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of harvesting desert Cistanche deserticola by planting Trichosanthes kirilowii in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Example 2

[0056] This embodiment provides a method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, including the following steps:

[0057] a. Trichoderma tetrapanax was directly sown and inoculated, with a plant spacing of 1.0 × 2.0 m;

[0058] b. Select a planting site for two-year-old Trigonella foenum-graecum with good growth and a root distribution depth of ≤80cm. Inoculate in April to June.

[0059] c. Using a semi-mechanical rotary hole method, a row of inoculation holes is made 30cm apart from the host plant in the planting row. The inoculation holes are circular, 20cm in diameter and 60cm deep, with a spacing of 100cm between them. In the inoculation holes, carbendazim and cypermethrin are sprayed according to the pesticide requirements for pest and disease control, and ABT1 rooting powder is sprayed to promote the rooting of Trichoderma tetragonum.

[0060] d. Sprinkle evenly mixed, pre-germinated Cistanche deserticola seeds and the prepared bio-fertilizer complex into the inoculation holes. The amount of Cistanche deserticola seeds used is 40 seeds / hole, and the amount of the prepared bio-fertilizer is 3 kg / hole. The germination reagents are 10 μg / g gibberellin solution, 1 μg / g fluazinam solution, and 60% ethanol extract of Haloxylon ammodendron fine roots, soaked for 12 hours, dried, and then subjected to temperature-controlled stratification. The prepared bio-fertilizer complex includes 20 parts of dried cow manure, 20 parts of dried sheep manure, 5 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of corn cob powder, 1 part of Beauveria bassiana, 1 part of Bacillus cereus, 1 part of Bacillus subtilis, 1 part of Megaspora melanoxylon, 2 parts of Berberis extract, 2 parts of starch-grafted acrylate, 1 part of biochar, 1 part of bentonite, 1 part of attapulgite, and 15 parts of sand. Make the mixture into a three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed with a height of 20cm, and then cover it with soil and tamp it down while ensuring that the slope does not deform, leaving an inoculation pit with a depth of 5cm for irrigation.

[0061] e. After inoculation, drip irrigation pipes are installed on the inoculation trench to ensure that irrigation water is accurately poured into the inoculation pit. The amount of water poured at one time is about 15 kg / inoculation hole to induce the host root system to extend to the planned three-dimensional inoculation layer.

[0062] f. Host forest maintenance and management: regularly clear weeds between rows and ensure ventilation; use fungicides such as carbendazim for pest and disease control; after inoculation, water once a month at a rate of 20 kg / inoculation hole to induce the distribution of host roots in the inoculation bed.

[0063] g. In April or May one year after planting, the Cistanche deserticola is manually harvested based on its emergence. In October or November two years after planting, the harvesting time is determined based on temperature changes. A semi-mechanized hole-drilling machine is used to drill holes next to the inoculation pits, and the soil in the inoculation pits is dug out with shovels to harvest the Cistanche deserticola. Afterwards, mixed soil containing Cistanche deserticola seeds is sown for planting. Example 3

[0064] This embodiment provides a method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, including the following steps:

[0065] a. Trichoderma tetrapanax was directly sown and inoculated, with a plant spacing of 1.0 × 2.0 m;

[0066] b. Select a planting site for two-year-old Trigonella foenum-graecum with good growth and a root distribution depth of ≤80cm. Inoculate in April to June.

[0067] c. Using the manual digging method, dig a row of inoculation holes 35cm apart from the host plant in the planting row. The inoculation holes are nearly circular, with a diameter of 25cm and a depth of 60cm, and the spacing between the inoculation holes is 100cm. Spray carbendazim and cypermethrin in the inoculation holes according to the pesticide requirements for pest and disease control, and spray ABT1 rooting powder to promote the rooting of Trichoderma tetragonum.

[0068] d. Sprinkle evenly mixed and pre-germinated Cistanche deserticola seeds and the prepared bio-fertilizer complex into the inoculation holes. The amount of Cistanche deserticola seeds used is 80 seeds / hole, and the amount of the prepared bio-fertilizer is 7 kg / hole. The germination reagents are 25 μg / g gibberellin solution, 8 μg / g fluazinam solution, and 60% ethanol extract of Haloxylon ammodendron fine roots, soaked for 12 hours, dried, and then subjected to variable temperature stratification treatment. The prepared bio-fertilizer complex includes 25 parts of dried cow manure, 25 parts of dried sheep manure, 9 parts of fly ash, 9 parts of corn cob powder, 2 parts of Beauveria bassiana, 2 parts of Bacillus cereus, 2 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2 parts of Megaspora melanoxylon, 5 parts of Berberis extract, 3 parts of starch-grafted acrylate, 3 parts of biochar, 3 parts of bentonite, 2 parts of attapulgite, and 20 parts of sand. The mixture was made into a three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed with a height of 23cm. Then, while ensuring that the slope does not deform, the soil was covered and compacted, leaving an inoculation pit with a depth of 8cm for irrigation.

[0069] e. After inoculation, drip irrigation pipes are installed on the inoculation trench to ensure that irrigation water is accurately poured into the inoculation pit. The amount of water poured at one time is about 15 kg / inoculation hole to induce the host root system to extend to the planned three-dimensional inoculation layer.

[0070] f. Host forest maintenance and management: regularly clear weeds between rows and ensure ventilation; use fungicides such as carbendazim for pest and disease control; after inoculation, water once a month at a rate of 15 kg / inoculation hole to induce the distribution of host roots in the inoculation bed.

[0071] g. In April or May one year after planting, the Cistanche deserticola is manually harvested based on its emergence. In October or November two years after planting, the harvesting time is determined based on temperature changes. A semi-mechanized hole-drilling machine is used to drill holes next to the inoculation pits, and the soil in the inoculation pits is dug out with shovels to harvest the Cistanche deserticola. Afterwards, mixed soil containing Cistanche deserticola seeds is sown for planting.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] This embodiment provides a method for artificially drilling holes in Haloxylon ammodendron and inoculating Cistanche deserticola. The steps are basically the same as in Embodiment 1, except that Haloxylon ammodendron is used for direct seeding and inoculation.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] This embodiment provides a method for planting Cistanche deserticola inoculated with Trichosanthes kirilowii in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. The steps are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, except that the mixture is not made into a three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed in step d.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] This embodiment provides a method for planting Cistanche deserticola by inoculating Trichosanthes kirilowii in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. The steps are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, except that the reagents used for germination in step d are 10 μg / g gibberellin solution and 2 μg / g fluazinam solution.

[0078] Comparative Example 4

[0079] This embodiment provides a method for planting Cistanche deserticola inoculated with Trichosanthes kirilowii in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. The steps are basically the same as those in Embodiment 1, except that the bio-fertilizer compound prepared in step d includes 20 parts of dried cow manure and 20 parts of dried sheep manure.

[0080] Table 1 shows the parasitism rate and yield of Cistanche deserticola under different Cistanche deserticola cultivation modes in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4.

[0081] Table 1. Differences in inoculation rate and yield under different Cistanche deserticola cultivation models.

[0082]

[0083] As shown in Table 1, the yield of Cistanche deserticola produced from Trichosanthes kirilowii in Example 1 was 1.92 times that of Cistanche deserticola produced from Haloxylon ammodendron in Example 1, and the parasitism rate of Cistanche deserticola produced from Trichosanthes kirilowii in Example 1 was 1.74 times that of Cistanche deserticola produced from Haloxylon ammodendron in Example 1. This is mainly because, compared with Haloxylon ammodendron, Trichosanthes kirilowii has a very developed root system, which increases the parasitism rate of Cistanche deserticola. Furthermore, the rapid growth and resistance to degeneration of Trichosanthes kirilowii provide favorable conditions for the growth of Cistanche deserticola and its continuous cultivation over many years (e.g., Figure 3 and Figure 4 (As shown).

[0084] In Comparative Example 2, which did not employ a three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed planting method, the parasitism rate and yield were significantly lower than those in Example 1, which did use a three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed planting method. In Example 1, the evenly mixed pre-germinated Cistanche deserticola seeds and prepared bio-fertilizer compound were scattered into the inoculation holes. Water and fertilizer were primarily applied near the pre-germinated Cistanche deserticola seeds to attract host roots to grow into the parasitism pits, increasing the probability of contact between the seeds and the parasitic roots. The purpose of creating a sloping inoculation bed was to produce Cistanche deserticola medicinal materials of different lengths, reduce agricultural inputs, and increase the probability of contact between Cistanche deserticola and host roots at different heights, ultimately achieving the goal of increasing the parasitism rate and yield of Cistanche deserticola.

[0085] In Comparative Example 3, the reagents used for germination in step d were 10 μg / g gibberellin solution and 2 μg / g fluazinam solution, without the use of 60% ethanol extract of Haloxylon ammodendron fine roots. The parasitism rate and yield were significantly lower than in Example 1. In Example 1, the addition of Haloxylon ammodendron root ethanol extract broke the dormancy of Cistanche deserticola seeds. Combined with gibberellin and fluazinam treatment, it increased the haustorium formation rate of Cistanche deserticola seeds, promoting effective parasitism.

[0086] In Comparative Example 4, the bio-fertilizer compound prepared in step d only included 20 parts of dried cow manure and 20 parts of dried sheep manure, resulting in a significantly lower parasitism rate and yield compared to Example 1. Since fly ash and corn cob powder, abundant agricultural wastes in northern Shaanxi, are readily available in Cistanche deserticola cultivation, they can be transformed into valuable resources, improving soil fertility and texture. The starch-grafted acrylate, biochar, bentonite, and attapulgite used are also intended to improve soil structure and function. The Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Berberis extracts commonly found in northern Shaanxi are used to reduce pesticide use and produce low-toxicity medicinal materials. The addition of AM fungi such as Megaspora megaterium aims to increase the inoculation and parasitism rate of Cistanche deserticola.

[0087] In summary, the semi-mechanized hole-drilling method and the inoculation method of uniformly mixing seeds and prepared organic fertilizer in this invention are not only simple and easy to implement, but also greatly improve the utilization efficiency of Cistanche deserticola seeds, reduce production costs, and create conditions for realizing semi-mechanized inoculation of Cistanche deserticola. At the same time, it avoids the damage to the ground surface and water evaporation caused by large-scale excavation, and protects the vegetation of the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi to the greatest extent. This method is suitable for the cultivation of Cistanche deserticola in sandy areas such as the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, characterized in that... include: a. Select soil types that are aeolian sandy soil or sandy loam, with a groundwater depth ≥2m and a plot area of ​​not less than 300m². 2 ; b. Plant the tetrawinged quinoa host forest at a spacing of 1.0 × 2.0 m. The planting method is direct seeding or transplanting after 1 to 2 years of cutting. Select 2 to 3-year-old tetrawinged quinoa host forests with good growth for inoculation. c. Using a semi-mechanized hole-drilling method, a row of inoculation holes is drilled 30-40cm apart from the host plant in the planting row. The inoculation holes are circular, with a diameter of 20-25cm, a depth of 40-60cm, and a spacing of 80-120cm. Carbendazim and cypermethrin are sprayed into the inoculation holes, and ABT1 rooting powder is applied. d. After drilling the holes, sprinkle the well-mixed Cistanche deserticola seeds and the prepared bio-fertilizer compound into the inoculation holes, and make the mixture into a three-dimensional sloping inoculation bed with a height of 20-25cm. The slope is at an angle of 45° to the horizontal plane. The amount of Cistanche deserticola seeds is 40-60 seeds / hole, and the amount of the prepared bio-fertilizer compound is 3-5kg / hole. Then, while ensuring that the slope is not deformed by pressure, slowly cover it with soil and tamp it down. Leave an inoculation pit with a depth of 5-10cm on the surface for irrigation. e. After inoculation, install drip irrigation pipes over the inoculation pits, and irrigate each pit with 15-20 kg of water each time to ensure that the pits are completely wet. f. Host forest maintenance and management, including regular watering, weeding and the use of highly effective and low-toxicity pesticides for pest and disease control; g. In April and May, 1-3 years after planting, the exposed Cistanche deserticola is harvested manually. In October and November, 2-3 years after planting, the harvesting time is determined according to temperature changes. A semi-mechanized hole-drilling machine is used to dig next to the inoculation pit. The method is to dig a hole next to the inoculation pit and expose the Cistanche deserticola by digging soil on one side for harvesting. Afterwards, a secondary parasitic planting is carried out by spreading Cistanche deserticola seeds and bio-fertilizer complex. The bio-fertilizer compound, by weight, comprises: 20-25 parts dried cow manure, 20-25 parts dried sheep manure, 5-8 parts fly ash, 5-8 parts corn cob powder, and Beauveria bassiana (…). Beauveria bassiana 1-2 portions, Bacillus cereus ( bacillus cereus 1-2 portions, Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis 1-2 parts, Megasporium ( Gigaspora rosea 1-2 portions, Berberis genus ( Berberis 2-5 parts plant extract, 2-3 parts starch-grafted acrylate, 1-2 parts biochar, 1-2 parts bentonite, 1-2 parts attapulgite, and 15-20 parts sand.

2. The method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that... The berberine extract is a water-soluble extract of Berberis macrophylla or Berberis thunbergii. The preparation method of the berberine extract is as follows: the whole plant of the harvested and dried berberine is crushed to 60-80 mesh, 5-7 times its weight of water is added to the crushed berberine, an ultrasonic cleaner with a power of 600-800W is set, and ultrasonic extraction is performed 2-3 times, 20-30 minutes each time. The resulting extract is filtered, concentrated and dried in sequence to obtain the berberine extract.

3. The method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that... The specific methods for maintaining and managing the host forest are as follows: In the year after inoculation and parasitism, water once every 1 to 2 months, with an irrigation amount of 15 to 20 kg / inoculation hole, ensuring that the inoculation hole is completely wet. In the year following inoculation and thereafter, selective watering should be carried out according to the growth of the host. Weeding should be carried out regularly in the planting base, and pest and disease control should be carried out using insect-attracting lamps and carbendazim agents.

4. The method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that... The method for germinating Cistanche deserticola seeds is as follows: Cistanche deserticola seeds with a particle size >0.5mm are selected, and before inoculation, they are soaked in 10-20μg / g gibberellin solution, 1-5μg / g fluazinam solution and Haloxylon ammodendron root alcohol extract for 12 hours. After washing and drying, the seeds are mixed evenly with fine sand at a mass ratio of 1:5 and placed at 20℃ for 50-65 days. Then, they are spread evenly in storage pits, and a 25-35cm thick layer of wet sand is laid on top. The mixture is then stratified at 0-4℃ for 60-90 days. The method for preparing Haloxylon ammodendron root alcohol extract is as follows: Fresh Haloxylon ammodendron fine roots and capillary roots harvested from the base are chopped into 2-3cm segments. The Haloxylon ammodendron roots are placed in 60% ethanol solution at a mass ratio of 1:2 and extracted by shaking on a shaker for 10 hours. The extract is then obtained by filtration.

5. A method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The direct seeding method for the host forest of Tripterygium wilfordii is as follows: Tripterygium wilfordii seeds are pretreated, and seedlings are raised in the field in early to mid-April. The seedlings are transplanted when they grow to 1-2 years old.

6. A method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The method for pretreatment of Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds is as follows: soaking and germination is carried out by soaking the seeds in an 800-fold dilution of 0.3% potassium permanganate for 2-3 hours, rinsing them with clean water, and then soaking them in ABT1 rooting powder at a concentration of 10-50 mg / kg at a volume ratio of (1:1000) to (3:1000) for 48-72 hours before sowing.

7. A method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi, as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The propagation method for the *Trichoderma tetrawingense* host forest is as follows: From June to August of the same year, select healthy and vigorous *Trichoderma tetrawingense* plants, collect the current year's tender branches from the middle and upper parts, cut them into 8-10cm sections, leaving 3-6 leaves at the top, and remove the remaining branches and leaves at the bottom as cuttings; after the cuttings are prepared, soak the lower part of the cuttings in ABT1 rooting powder solution at a concentration of 50-100mg / kg for 2 hours before inserting them into the soil; after inserting the cuttings, shade them for 10 days, water them 1-2 times a day, and keep the relative humidity above 85%; carry out greenhouse management, water and fertilizer management, and pest and disease control; propagate seedlings from tender branch cuttings in containers, and transplant them into the forest when the roots have grown to the bottom of the container.

8. The method for cultivating *Cistanche deserticola* inoculated with *Trichosanthes kirilowii* in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi according to claim 1, characterized in that... The transplanting method for the host forest of Triplophysa tetrawingis is as follows: Select 1-2 year old Triplophysa tetrawingis seedlings and plant them in circular planting pits with a diameter of 30cm and a depth of 40cm. When the soil is buried to 3 / 4 of the height of the planting pit, gently pull the seedlings upwards, then tamp the soil down, leaving a planting pit 5-10cm deep; water in a timely manner; water once every 10-15 days in the early stage of planting, and once a month thereafter.

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