A high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

This invention provides a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization and its preparation method. The copper-phosphorus alloy comprises the following components in the indicated mass percentages: Cu 75%-85%, P 10%-15%, Al 2%-5%, Ti 1%-3%, rare earth elements 0.1%-0.5%, and the remainder being Fe; the rare earth elements are one or more combinations of cerium, lanthanum, and dysprosium. The preparation method includes batching, smelting, preliminary cooling, casting and rolling, rapid cooling, heat treatment, machining, and surface treatment. The copper-phosphorus alloy of this invention achieves high performance through grain optimization and is suitable for industrial applications requiring high strength, high hardness, and good plasticity and toughness.

Description

A high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of copper-phosphorus alloy preparation, and more specifically to a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern industry, copper-phosphorus alloys are widely used due to their excellent electrical conductivity, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, some performance parameters of copper-phosphorus alloys, such as hardness, strength, and plasticity, are often affected by their grain size. Traditional copper-phosphorus alloy preparation methods often result in large grain sizes, thus affecting their performance.

[0003] Therefore, developing a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain refinement and its preparation method to improve the hardness, strength and plasticity of copper-phosphorus alloys, reduce production costs, and maintain good electrical conductivity, wear resistance and corrosion resistance has become an important research direction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems existing in the prior art, a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization and its preparation method are provided. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0005] A high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization, wherein the copper-phosphorus alloy comprises the following components in the following mass percentages: Cu 75%-85%, P 10%-15%, Al 2%-5%, Ti 1%-3%, rare earth elements 0.1%-0.5%, and the remainder being Fe; wherein the rare earth elements are one or a combination of cerium, lanthanum and dysprosium.

[0006] Furthermore, this includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: Mix the ingredients according to their mass percentages;

[0008] S2: All raw materials enter the vacuum melting furnace for melting;

[0009] S3: Perform preliminary cooling on the molten alloy liquid at a temperature of 800-900℃ for 30-60 minutes;

[0010] S4: Pour the partially cooled molten alloy into a mold at 200-300°C, and then perform casting and rolling;

[0011] S5: Rapidly cool the cast and rolled alloy, controlling the cooling temperature at 20-30℃ and the cooling time at 5-10 minutes;

[0012] S6: Heat-treat the rapidly cooled alloy;

[0013] S7: Finally, perform machining and surface treatment.

[0014] Furthermore, the smelting temperature in S2 is 1400–1500℃, and the smelting time is 1–2 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, the parameters for casting and rolling in S4 are a rolling speed of 1 to 5 m / min.

[0016] Furthermore, the S6 heat treatment includes the following steps:

[0017] S601: Place the alloy in a heat treatment furnace and preheat it to 200°C for about 30 minutes.

[0018] S602: Then raise the heat treatment temperature to 400℃~500℃ and hold for 1~2 hours;

[0019] S603: After heat treatment, control the cooling rate to reduce the temperature. The cooling rate is 1-5℃ / min.

[0020] S604: Perform 3 to 5 cycles of heat treatment.

[0021] Furthermore, the number of casting and rolling passes in S4 is 3 to 5.

[0022] Furthermore, the surface treatment of the S7 includes cleaning, polishing, electroplating, and coating.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention provides a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy raw material based on grain optimization, which has the following advantages:

[0025] (1) By performing preliminary cooling after melting the copper-phosphorus alloy, the cooling rate of the alloy can be effectively controlled, avoiding internal stress and micro-defects caused by excessively rapid cooling. Preliminary cooling to 800-900℃ and holding for 30-60 minutes is beneficial for the uniform formation of alloy grains. Then, rapid cooling is performed to quickly reduce the alloy temperature to 20-30℃. This step can greatly refine the grains, improve the hardness and strength of the alloy, while retaining the good plasticity of the alloy and improving the overall performance of the material.

[0026] (2) In the casting and rolling process, the control of the number of rolling passes has a significant impact on the final properties of the alloy. This patent ensures that the alloy undergoes sufficient but not excessive deformation during the rolling process by controlling the number of rolling passes to between 3 and 5. This moderate deformation not only helps to refine the grains and improve strength and hardness, but also avoids grain overheating and performance degradation that may be caused by over-rolling, thereby ensuring the uniformity and overall mechanical properties of the alloy.

[0027] (3) By holding the alloy at 400℃ to 500℃ for 1 to 2 hours and then controlling the cooling at a rate of 1 to 5℃ / min for 3 to 5 cycles of heat treatment, the internal stress of the alloy can be effectively eliminated, the grain structure improved, and the strength of the grain boundaries enhanced. This cyclic heat treatment method significantly improves the plasticity and toughness of the alloy while maintaining its hardness and strength, thus enhancing the overall performance of the alloy. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enhance understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] A method for preparing a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization includes the following steps:

[0031] S1: Prepare copper-phosphorus alloy raw materials according to the following mass percentages: Cu 80%, P 12%, Al 4%, Ti 2%, Cerium 0.3%, and the remainder is Fe.

[0032] S2 Melting: Place the prepared raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace and melt them at 1450℃ for 1.5 hours.

[0033] S3 Preliminary Cooling: Cool the molten alloy at 850℃ for 45 minutes.

[0034] S4 casting and rolling: The pre-cooled alloy liquid is poured into a mold at 250°C and cast and rolled at a speed of 3 m / min, with 4 casting and rolling passes.

[0035] S5 rapid cooling: The cast and rolled alloy is rapidly cooled for 8 minutes at 25°C.

[0036] S6 Heat Treatment: Place the rapidly cooled alloy into a heat treatment furnace and proceed with the following steps:

[0037] a. Preheat to 200℃ for 30 minutes;

[0038] b. Heat to 450℃ and hold for 1.5 hours;

[0039] c. After heat treatment, cool down at a rate of 2℃ / min;

[0040] d. Cyclic heat treatment 4 times.

[0041] S7 Machining and Surface Treatment: Finally, the alloy is machined to achieve the required shape and size, followed by cleaning and polishing.

[0042] Example 2:

[0043] A method for preparing a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization includes the following steps:

[0044] S1 Ingredients: The copper-phosphorus alloy raw materials are prepared according to the following mass percentages: Cu 78%, P 14%, Al 3%, Ti 2.5%, Lanthanum 0.2%, and the remainder is Fe.

[0045] S2 Melting: Place the prepared raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace and melt them at 1400℃ for 2 hours.

[0046] S3 Preliminary Cooling: Cool the molten alloy at 900℃ for 30 minutes.

[0047] S4 casting and rolling: The pre-cooled alloy liquid is poured into a mold at 300°C and cast and rolled at a speed of 5 m / min, with 5 casting and rolling passes.

[0048] S5 rapid cooling: The cast and rolled alloy is rapidly cooled at 20°C for 5 minutes.

[0049] S6 Heat Treatment: Place the rapidly cooled alloy into a heat treatment furnace and proceed with the following steps:

[0050] a. Preheat to 200℃ for 30 minutes;

[0051] b. Heat to 400℃ and keep warm for 2 hours;

[0052] c. After heat treatment, cool down at a rate of 1℃ / min;

[0053] d. Cyclic heat treatment 3 times.

[0054] S7 Machining and Surface Treatment: Finally, the alloy is machined to achieve the required shape and size, followed by cleaning and electroplating.

[0055] Example 3:

[0056] A method for preparing a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization includes the following steps:

[0057] S1 Ingredients: The copper-phosphorus alloy raw materials are prepared according to the following mass percentages: Cu 85%, P 10%, Al 2%, Ti 1%, dysprosium 0.5%, and the remainder is Fe.

[0058] S2 Melting: Place the prepared raw materials into a vacuum melting furnace and melt them at 1500℃ for 1 hour.

[0059] S3 Preliminary Cooling: Cool the molten alloy at 800℃ for 60 minutes.

[0060] S4 casting and rolling: The pre-cooled alloy liquid is poured into a mold at 200°C and cast and rolled at a speed of 1 m / min, with 3 casting and rolling passes.

[0061] S5 rapid cooling: The cast and rolled alloy is rapidly cooled at 30°C for 10 minutes.

[0062] S6 Heat Treatment: Place the rapidly cooled alloy into a heat treatment furnace and proceed with the following steps:

[0063] a. Preheat to 200℃ for 30 minutes;

[0064] b. Heat to 500℃ and keep warm for 1 hour;

[0065] c. After heat treatment, cool down at a rate of 5℃ / min;

[0066] d. Cyclic heat treatment 5 times.

[0067] S7 Machining and Surface Treatment: Finally, the alloy is machined to achieve the required shape and size, followed by cleaning and coating.

[0068] Comparative Example 1:

[0069] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the initial cooling step S3 is omitted.

[0070] Comparative Example 2:

[0071] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the rapid cooling step S5 is omitted.

[0072] Comparative Example 3:

[0073] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the number of rolling passes is less than 3.

[0074] Comparative Example 4:

[0075] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that the number of rolling passes is greater than 5.

[0076] Comparative Example 5:

[0077] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1, except that no heat treatment cycle was performed.

[0078] The copper-phosphorus alloys prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were subjected to performance testing, and the test data are as follows:

[0079] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Hardness 180 170 190 160 165 155 175 158 Tensile Strength 400 MPa 380 MPa 420 MPa 360 MPa 370 MPa 350 MPa 390 MPa 345 MPa Elongation 12% 10% 15% 8% 9% 7% 8% 6.5% surface

[0080] From the above data, it can be concluded that: the grain size of the copper-phosphorus alloy in Example 1 was significantly refined through optimization, thereby improving the hardness and strength of the alloy. After cyclic heat treatment, the plasticity of the alloy was also improved. In Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of a preliminary cooling step, the grain size of the alloy was large, resulting in a decrease in hardness and strength. In Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of a rapid cooling step, the grain refinement of the alloy was insufficient, affecting hardness and plasticity. In Comparative Example 3, the rolling passes were less than 3, resulting in poor uniformity of the alloy's microstructure and a decrease in mechanical properties. In Comparative Example 4, the rolling passes exceeded 5, and although the grains were refined to some extent, over-rolling caused overheating of the alloy, reducing its plasticity. In Comparative Example 5, no heat treatment cycle was performed, resulting in an unoptimized grain structure, large grain size, and insufficient grain boundary strength; therefore, the overall performance of the alloy was lower than that of the Examples.

[0081] As a further improvement, the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization, characterized in that, The copper-phosphorus alloy comprises the following components by mass percentage: Cu 75%-85%, P 10%-15%, Al 2%-5%, Ti 1%-3%, rare earth elements 0.1%-0.5%, and the remainder being Fe; the rare earth elements are one or more of cerium, lanthanum, and dysprosium; the method for preparing the copper-phosphorus alloy includes the following steps: S3: the molten alloy liquid is initially cooled at a temperature of 800-900℃ for 30-60 minutes; S4: the initially cooled alloy liquid is poured into a mold at 200-300℃ and then cast and rolled in 3-5 passes; S5: the cast and rolled alloy is rapidly cooled... S6: The temperature is controlled at 20~30℃, and the cooling time is 5~10min; S6: The rapidly cooled alloy is subjected to heat treatment; S6 heat treatment includes the following steps: S601: The alloy is placed in a heat treatment furnace and preheated to 200°C for 30 minutes; S602: The heat treatment temperature is then raised to 400°C~500°C and held for 1~2 hours; S603: After the heat treatment is completed, the cooling rate is controlled to reduce the temperature by 1~5℃ / min; S604: 3~5 cycles of heat treatment are performed.

2. A method for preparing a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S1: The elements are proportioned according to their mass percentages; S2: The raw materials are then melted in a vacuum melting furnace; S7: Finally, perform machining and surface treatment.

3. The method for preparing a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization according to claim 2, characterized in that, The smelting temperature in S2 is 1400~1500℃, and the smelting time is 1~2h.

4. The method for preparing a high-performance copper-phosphorus alloy based on grain optimization according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface treatment of S7 includes cleaning, polishing, electroplating, and coating.