A device and method for determining the fusibility of solid waste incineration fly ash

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment technology, and particularly to a device and method for determining the fusibility of solid waste incineration fly ash. The device includes: a heating furnace, a corundum tube, a molten salt reactor, and a recording unit. The corundum tube is disposed inside the heating furnace, with its opening located outside the furnace. The molten salt reactor is disposed inside the corundum tube and contains molten salt and solid waste incineration fly ash, which is impregnated in the molten salt. A thermocouple is installed inside the heating furnace to measure the temperature inside the corundum tube. The recording unit records the real-time area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process through the opening of the corundum tube. This method can effectively determine the fusibility of solid waste incineration fly ash.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste treatment technology, and in particular to a device and method for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration. Background Technology

[0002] Solid waste incineration can not only achieve rapid volume and weight reduction of various solid wastes, but the heat generated by incineration can also be converted into electricity, and it has been widely used in my country. However, solid waste incineration produces fly ash, which is classified as hazardous waste because it contains highly toxic dioxin-like organic pollutants, heavy metals, and soluble salts.

[0003] Melting treatment technology for solid waste incineration fly ash can achieve efficient volume reduction and detoxification of fly ash, and is a promising technology for the harmless disposal of fly ash. Existing methods for determining the fusibility of fly ash typically focus on pulverized fly ash. This method simulates the reducing gas environment of fly ash in the furnace, and then analyzes the characteristic temperatures of fly ash in different melting states. Fly ash is composed of high-melting-point oxides such as silica and alumina, while solid waste incineration fly ash often contains a large amount of low-melting-point salts (such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and calcium chloride). When solid waste incineration fly ash enters a high-temperature melting furnace, these salts undergo melting, precipitation, and volatilization processes, leading to significant changes in the composition of the solid waste incineration fly ash near the melting temperature. Simultaneously, the precipitated salts form an independent liquid molten salt layer on top of the molten ash, thus transforming the gaseous environment of the solid waste incineration fly ash into a liquid environment composed of molten salts. Therefore, the existing methods for determining the fusibility of fly ash are not applicable to fly ash from solid waste incineration with high salt content.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a device and method for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an apparatus and method for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, which can effectively measure the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a device for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, comprising a heating furnace, a corundum tube, a molten salt reactor, and a recording unit;

[0007] The corundum tube is disposed inside the heating furnace, with the tube opening located outside the heating furnace. The molten salt reactor is disposed inside the corundum tube and is used to contain molten salt and solid waste incineration fly ash, wherein the solid waste incineration fly ash is impregnated in the molten salt.

[0008] The heating furnace is equipped with a thermocouple, which is used to measure the temperature inside the corundum tube;

[0009] The recording unit is used to record the real-time area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process through the opening of the corundum tube.

[0010] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for determining the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, applied to the apparatus described in any of the above claims, the method comprising:

[0011] Solid waste incineration fly ash and molten salt are placed in the molten salt reactor, and the solid waste incineration fly ash is immersed in the molten salt;

[0012] The molten salt reactor is placed inside the corundum tube;

[0013] The molten salt reactor is heated using the heating furnace;

[0014] The temperature inside the corundum tube is measured using the thermocouple.

[0015] The recording unit is used to record the real-time area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process.

[0016] This invention provides an apparatus and method for determining the fusibility of solid waste incineration fly ash. A molten salt reactor is used to contain molten salt and solid waste incineration fly ash, immersing the fly ash in the molten salt. A heating furnace is used to heat the molten salt and fly ash, placing the fly ash in a liquid molten salt state. A thermocouple is used to acquire the temperature of the fly ash during heating. A recording unit is used to acquire the real-time area of ​​the fly ash during heating. Analysis of the molten state of the fly ash allows for the correlation between temperature and area, thereby obtaining the characteristic melting temperature of the fly ash in the molten salt. In summary, the above technical solution can effectively determine the fusibility of solid waste incineration fly ash. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal pipe opening of a device for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a side view of a molten salt reactor inside an alumina tube, provided by an embodiment of the present invention, for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a molten salt reactor and a loading / unloading unit for a device for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Attached image description:

[0024] 1-Heating furnace;

[0025] 11-Thermocouple;

[0026] 12-Heating element;

[0027] 13-Furnace body;

[0028] 2-Corundum tube;

[0029] 21-Horizontal segment;

[0030] 22-Vertical segment;

[0031] 23-Quartz window;

[0032] 24-Water-cooled sealing flange;

[0033] 25 - Easy-to-remove flange clips;

[0034] 3-Molten salt reactor;

[0035] 31-Square groove corundum support plate;

[0036] 32-Quartz crucible;

[0037] 33 - Corundum crucible lid;

[0038] 34-Triangular groove corundum support plate;

[0039] 35-Gray Cone;

[0040] 4-Recording unit;

[0041] 41-Camera;

[0042] 42-Fill light;

[0043] 5-Pick-and-place unit;

[0044] 51-Wire winder;

[0045] 52-Metal wire. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a device for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration. The device includes a heating furnace 1, a corundum tube 2, a molten salt reactor 3, and a recording unit 4, wherein:

[0048] The corundum tube 2 is installed inside the heating furnace 1, and the opening of the corundum tube 2 is located outside the heating furnace 1. The molten salt reactor 3 is installed inside the corundum tube 2. The molten salt reactor 3 is used to contain molten salt and solid waste incineration fly ash. The solid waste incineration fly ash is impregnated in the molten salt.

[0049] A thermocouple 11 is installed inside the heating furnace 1. The thermocouple 11 is used to measure the temperature inside the corundum tube 2.

[0050] The recording unit 4 is used to record the real-time area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process through the opening of the corundum tube 2.

[0051] In this embodiment, a molten salt reactor 3 is provided to contain molten salt and solid waste incineration fly ash, allowing the fly ash to be immersed in the molten salt. A heating furnace 1 is provided to heat the molten salt and fly ash, placing the fly ash in a liquid molten salt state. A thermocouple 11 is used to acquire the temperature of the fly ash during the heating process. A recording unit 4 is used to acquire the real-time area of ​​the fly ash during the heating process. The analysis of the molten state of the fly ash allows for the correlation between temperature and area, thereby obtaining the characteristic temperature at which the fly ash melts in the molten salt. In summary, the above technical solution can effectively determine the moltenness of solid waste incineration fly ash.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, the heating furnace 1 further includes a heating element 12 and a furnace body 13. The heating element 12 is disposed inside the furnace body 13 and can play a heating role. The thermocouple 11 is disposed on the top surface of the furnace body 13.

[0053] In some embodiments, the maximum heating temperature of the heating element 12 is 1700°C, which ensures that the temperature range covers the characteristic temperature of solid waste incineration fly ash melting.

[0054] In some embodiments, the thermocouple 11 is insertable, which allows for easy replacement of the type of thermocouple 11 according to different furnace body 13 temperatures.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the corundum tube 2 includes a horizontal section 21 and a vertical section 22. The horizontal section 21 includes two horizontal openings, and the vertical section 22 includes at least one vertical opening. The molten salt reactor 3 is placed in the horizontal section 21 through one of the vertical openings, and the recording unit 4 is used to record the real-time area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash inside the molten salt reactor 3 through the two horizontal openings.

[0056] It is understandable that the corundum tube 2 is at least a three-way corundum tube 2, which can ensure that the molten salt reactor 3 is placed in the horizontal section 21 through one of the vertical pipe openings, and the recording unit 4 records the real-time area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash in the molten salt reactor 3 through the two horizontal pipe openings.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, each horizontal pipe opening is provided with a quartz window 23, which allows the recording unit 4 to record the real-time area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash in the molten salt reactor 3 through the quartz window 23.

[0058] In some implementations, such as Figure 2 As shown, each horizontal pipe opening is equipped with a water-cooled sealing flange 24 and an easily removable flange clip 25. By setting the water-cooled sealing flange 24, good sealing performance of the horizontal section 21 can be ensured. Furthermore, the easily removable flange clip 25 facilitates the replacement of the water-cooled sealing flange 24.

[0059] In some embodiments, the inner diameter of the horizontal section 21 of the corundum tube 2 is 50-80 mm, and the inner diameter of the vertical section 22 of the corundum tube 2 is 30-50 mm.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 As shown, the molten salt reactor 3 includes a square-grooved corundum support plate 31, a quartz crucible 32, and a corundum crucible cover 33 fastened to the quartz crucible 32. The square-grooved corundum support plate 31 is disposed inside the corundum tube 2, and the quartz crucible 32 is disposed within the square groove of the square-grooved corundum support plate 31 to ensure the stability of the quartz crucible 32. The quartz crucible 32 is used to contain molten salt and solid waste incineration fly ash, and the recording unit 4 can record the area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash through the two openings of the corundum tube 2. It can be understood that the arrangement of the quartz crucible 32 facilitates the recording unit 4 in recording the area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the molten salt reactor 3 also includes a triangular groove corundum support plate 34, which is placed inside the quartz crucible 32. The ash cone 35 of solid waste incineration fly ash is placed in the triangular groove of the triangular groove corundum support plate 34, thereby allowing the study of the reaction process of the solid waste incineration fly ash ash cone 35. By setting the triangular groove corundum support plate 34, the stability of the ash cone 35 can be ensured.

[0062] It is understandable that, due to the large amount of salt in solid waste incineration fly ash, which has a certain binding effect when it comes into contact with water, dextrin does not need to be added as a binder when making ash cone 35 from solid waste incineration fly ash. Moreover, the addition of dextrin would damage the physical strength of ash cone 35, causing it to break during heating, thereby affecting the accuracy of the melting temperature measurement of solid waste incineration fly ash.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, a weight is provided at the bottom of the ash cone 35. The ash cone 35 may tip over due to fluid disturbance during the melting of molten salt. Therefore, a weight is required at the bottom of the ash cone 35 during its fabrication to ensure it remains upright in the liquid molten salt. It is understood that the weight is a high-temperature resistant material, such as lead or tungsten.

[0064] It is understandable that pre-sintering the fly ash of solid waste incineration to remove residual moisture in the fly ash can reduce fluid disturbance caused by the evaporation of moisture in the fly ash during the heating process.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, the recording unit 4 includes a camera 41 and a supplementary light 42. The lens of the camera 41 is aimed at one of the horizontal pipe openings, and the supplementary light 42 is aimed at the other horizontal pipe openings. The camera 41 is capable of recording the real-time area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process. The supplementary light 42 can provide additional illumination, enabling the camera 41 to record the real-time area of ​​solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process more clearly.

[0066] In some implementations, the power of the fill light 42 is not less than 1W, and the brightness of the fill light 42 can be adjusted to ensure that the camera 41 records more clearly.

[0067] In some implementations, the zoom of camera 41 is not less than 40x, ensuring that the camera 41 records more clearly.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 4 As shown, the device also includes a pick-and-place unit 5, which is located at the top of the heating furnace 1. The pick-and-place unit 5 is used to take out or put in the ash cone 35 from the vertical pipe opening.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pick-and-place unit 5 includes at least two wire winders 51 and at least two platinum wires;

[0070] The corundum crucible lid 33 includes at least four crucible lid through holes, and the triangular groove corundum support plate 34 includes at least four support plate through holes, with each crucible lid through hole corresponding to each support plate through hole.

[0071] The wire winder 51 has a metal wire 52 wound on it. The metal wire 52 of one of the wire winders 51 extends into the vertical tube and passes through two crucible cover through holes to fix one end of the corundum crucible cover 33. The metal wire 52 of the other wire winder 51 extends into the vertical tube and passes through two other crucible cover through holes to fix the other end of the corundum crucible cover 33.

[0072] One end of one of the platinum wires passes through two crucible lid through holes to fix one end of the corundum crucible lid 33, and the other end of the platinum wire passes through two corresponding support plate through holes to fix one end of the triangular groove corundum support plate 34.

[0073] One end of the other platinum wire passes through two crucible cover through holes to fix the other end of the corundum crucible cover 33, and the other end of the platinum wire passes through two corresponding support plate through holes to fix the other end of the triangular groove corundum support plate 34.

[0074] By using the above-mentioned fixing method, it is possible to prevent the corundum crucible cover 33 from pressing against the ash cone 35 when lifting the triangular groove corundum support plate 34.

[0075] It is understandable that when the pick-and-place unit 5 lifts the triangular groove corundum support plate 34, the through hole of the support plate can also serve as a channel for the molten salt to flow out.

[0076] In some embodiments, the wire winder 51 is an electric wire winder.

[0077] In some embodiments, the metal wire 52 is a tungsten wire.

[0078] In this embodiment, since the components of solid waste incineration fly ash have a certain degree of solubility in molten salt, the composition of solid waste incineration fly ash continuously changes during the melting process. By setting up the take-and-place unit 5, solid waste incineration fly ash at different temperature points can be taken out, and then the compositional changes of solid waste incineration fly ash at different temperatures can be analyzed.

[0079] like Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a method for determining the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, applied to the apparatus provided in any of the above embodiments. The method includes:

[0080] S1. Place solid waste incineration fly ash and molten salt into molten salt reactor 3, and immerse the solid waste incineration fly ash in molten salt;

[0081] S2. Place the molten salt reactor 3 inside the corundum tube 2;

[0082] S3. Heat the molten salt reactor 3 using the heating furnace 1;

[0083] S4. Use thermocouple 11 to measure the temperature inside the corundum tube 2;

[0084] S5. Record the real-time area of ​​fly ash from solid waste incineration during the heating process using recording unit 4.

[0085] It should be noted that the method for determining the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration provided in this embodiment and the device for determining the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration provided in the above embodiment are based on the same inventive concept, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here.

[0086] Understandably, the details of the testing methods may differ depending on the type of solid waste incineration fly ash being tested.

[0087] In some implementations, the fly ash from the solid waste incineration is in the form of an ash cone 35, and specific measurement details include:

[0088] 1. Mix analytical grade NaCl and KCl powders in a 1:1 molar ratio and place them in a dry, anhydrous corundum crucible. Then transfer the molten salt to a muffle furnace and heat to 900°C at a rate of 10°C / min, holding at that temperature for 3 hours. After heating, pulverize and grind the molten salt, passing it through a 0.5mm sieve. Store the molten salt powder in a dry container.

[0089] 2. Place the fly ash cone 35 from solid waste incineration into the triangular groove corundum support plate 34. Secure one end of the platinum wire to both ends of the triangular groove corundum support plate 34 using the through-hole of the support plate. Place the triangular groove corundum support plate 34 containing the fly ash cone 35 into the quartz crucible 32 in the horizontal section 21. Then fill the quartz crucible 32 with molten salt powder. Gently tap the side wall of the quartz crucible 32 to ensure that the molten salt powder is tightly packed inside the quartz crucible 32. Secure the corundum crucible lid 33 to the other end of the platinum wire using the through-hole of the crucible lid. Secure the corundum crucible lid 33 with the metal wire 52. Throughout the process, be careful to move gently to avoid spilling molten salt powder inside the corundum tube 2.

[0090] 4. Turn on heating furnace 1 and raise the temperature to 800℃ at 10℃ / min, then raise the temperature to 1400℃ at 5℃ / min.

[0091] 5. In order to accurately obtain the temperature during the heating process of solid waste incineration fly ash, the end of thermocouple 11 is in contact with the bottom of quartz crucible 32. When the furnace temperature rises to 400℃, the melting process of solid waste incineration fly ash is recorded.

[0092] 6. During the heating process, an infrared thermal imager can be placed in front of camera 41 at certain intervals to measure the temperature distribution inside and outside the solid waste incineration fly ash in heating furnace 1.

[0093] 7. After the furnace temperature rises to 1400℃, the heating furnace 1 is slowly cooled down at 10℃ / min. After cooling to room temperature, the molten solid waste incineration fly ash can be collected and analyzed for elemental composition, etc.

[0094] 8. The video captured by camera 41 can be used to calculate the area change of ash cone 35 during the melting process using computer software, and correlate it with the temperature during the heating process. This allows us to obtain the melting rate of solid waste incineration fly ash at different temperatures, so as to determine the characteristic temperature at which fly ash melts in molten salt.

[0095] 9. Because the components of solid waste incineration fly ash have a certain degree of solubility in molten salt, the composition of solid waste incineration fly ash changes continuously during the melting process. The take-up and release unit 5 can be used to remove solid waste incineration fly ash at different temperature points, thereby allowing analysis of the compositional changes of solid waste incineration fly ash at different temperatures.

[0096] In some implementation methods, the fly ash from solid waste incineration is in the form of fly ash powder, and specific measurement details include:

[0097] 1. Analytical grade NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2 powders were mixed in a molar ratio of 1:1:1 and placed in a dry, anhydrous corundum crucible. The molten salt was then transferred to a muffle furnace and heated to 900°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min, and held at that temperature for 3 hours. After heating, the molten salt was pulverized, ground, and passed through a 0.5 mm sieve. The molten salt powder was then stored in a dry container.

[0098] 2. Pour the powdered solid waste incineration fly ash directly into the quartz crucible 32, then fill the quartz crucible 32 with molten salt powder, and gently tap the side wall of the quartz crucible 32 to ensure that the molten salt powder is tightly packed inside the quartz crucible 32.

[0099] 3. Secure the corundum crucible lid 33 with the metal wire 52, and fasten the corundum crucible lid 33 onto the quartz crucible 32 on the horizontal section 21 through the vertical section 22 of the corundum tube 2. When placing it in, be careful to move it gently to avoid spilling molten salt powder into the inside of the corundum tube 2.

[0100] 4. Turn on heating furnace 1 and heat it to 800℃ at 10℃ / min, then heat it to 1500℃ at 5℃ / min.

[0101] 5. In order to accurately obtain the temperature during the heating process of solid waste incineration fly ash, the end of thermocouple 11 is in contact with the bottom of quartz crucible 32. When the furnace temperature rises to 400℃, the melting process of solid waste incineration fly ash is recorded.

[0102] 6. During the heating process, an infrared thermal imager can be placed in front of camera 41 at certain intervals to measure the temperature distribution inside and outside the solid waste incineration fly ash in heating furnace 1.

[0103] 7. After the furnace temperature rises to 1400℃, the heating furnace 1 is slowly cooled down at 10℃ / min. After cooling to room temperature, the molten solid waste incineration fly ash can be collected and analyzed for elemental composition, etc.

[0104] 8. Due to the significant density difference between solid waste incineration fly ash powder and liquid molten salt, the powdered solid waste incineration fly ash will settle to the bottom of the molten salt. During analysis, the area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash layer can be correlated with the temperature during the heating process to analyze the characteristic temperature of the solid waste incineration fly ash at high temperatures. Using video captured by camera 41, computer software is used to identify and calculate the area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash layer, correlate it with the temperature during the heating process, and obtain the settling velocity of the solid waste incineration fly ash in the molten salt and the melting temperature of the solid waste incineration fly ash at different temperatures.

[0105] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0106] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for measuring the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, characterized in that, It includes a heating furnace (1), a corundum tube (2), a molten salt reactor (3), and a recording unit (4); The corundum tube (2) is installed inside the heating furnace (1), and the opening of the corundum tube (2) is located outside the heating furnace (1). The molten salt reactor (3) is installed inside the corundum tube (2). The molten salt reactor (3) is used to contain molten salt and solid waste incineration fly ash. The solid waste incineration fly ash is impregnated in the molten salt. The heating furnace (1) is equipped with a thermocouple (11), which is used to measure the temperature inside the corundum tube (2); The recording unit (4) is used to record the real-time area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process through the opening of the corundum tube (2).

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molten salt reactor (3) includes a square-groove corundum support plate (31), a quartz crucible (32), and a corundum crucible lid (33) fastened to the quartz crucible (32); The square-groove corundum support plate (31) is disposed inside the corundum tube (2), and the quartz crucible (32) is disposed inside the square groove of the square-groove corundum support plate (31). The quartz crucible (32) is used to contain the molten salt and the solid waste incineration fly ash. The recording unit (4) can record the area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash through the two openings of the corundum tube (2).

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molten salt reactor (3) also includes a triangular groove corundum support plate (34), which is placed inside the quartz crucible (32), and the ash cone (35) of the solid waste incineration fly ash is set in the triangular groove of the triangular groove corundum support plate (34).

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, A weight is provided at the bottom of the gray cone (35).

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The corundum tube (2) includes a horizontal section (21) and a vertical section (22), the horizontal section (21) includes two horizontal openings, and the vertical section (22) includes at least one vertical opening; The molten salt reactor (3) is placed in the horizontal section (21) through one of the vertical openings, and the recording unit (4) is used to record the real-time area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash in the molten salt reactor (3) through the two horizontal openings.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a pick-and-place unit (5), which is located on the upper part of the heating furnace (1) and is used to pick up or put the ash cone (35) from the vertical pipe opening.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The pick-and-place unit (5) includes at least two wire winders (51) and at least two platinum wires; The corundum crucible lid (33) includes at least four crucible lid through holes, and the triangular groove corundum support plate (34) includes at least four support plate through holes, with each crucible lid through hole corresponding to each support plate through hole; The wire winder (51) has a metal wire (52) wound around it. The metal wire (52) of one of the wire winders (51) extends into the vertical tube and passes through two of the crucible cover through holes to fix one end of the corundum crucible cover (33). The metal wire (52) of the other wire winder (51) extends into the vertical tube and passes through the other two crucible cover through holes to fix the other end of the corundum crucible cover (33). One end of one of the platinum wires is fixed to one end of the corundum crucible lid (33) through two of the crucible lid through holes, and the other end of the platinum wire is fixed to one end of the triangular groove corundum support plate (34) through two corresponding support plate through holes. One end of the other platinum wire is fixed to the other end of the corundum crucible cover (33) through two of the crucible cover through holes, and the other end of the platinum wire is fixed to the other end of the triangular groove corundum support plate (34) through the corresponding two support plate through holes.

8. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the horizontal nozzles is provided with a quartz window (23).

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, The recording unit (4) includes a camera (41) and a fill light (42), with the lens of the camera (41) aimed at one of the horizontal openings and the fill light (42) aimed at the other horizontal openings.

10. A method for determining the fusibility of fly ash from solid waste incineration, characterized in that, The apparatus used in any one of claims 1-9 comprises: Solid waste incineration fly ash and molten salt are placed in the molten salt reactor (3), and the solid waste incineration fly ash is immersed in the molten salt; The molten salt reactor (3) is placed inside the corundum tube (2); The molten salt reactor (3) is heated using the heating furnace (1); The temperature inside the corundum tube (2) is measured using the thermocouple (11); The recording unit (4) is used to record the real-time area of ​​the solid waste incineration fly ash during the heating process.

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