Longitudinal double roller banana straw crusher

Abstract

The invention discloses a longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine, which is installed at the rear of a tractor and includes a frame, on which a stem shoveling and lifting mechanism, a stem supporting and guiding mechanism, and a longitudinal double-roll crushing mechanism are sequentially installed from front to back; the stem shoveling and lifting mechanism is used to scoop up the stems close to the ground and lift them up toward the rear and upper part; the stem supporting and guiding mechanism is used to clamp and guide the lifted stems so that they enter the subsequent longitudinal double-roll crushing mechanism in the front longitudinal direction; the longitudinal double-roll crushing mechanism is used to cut and crush the banana stems in the radial direction thereof, including a crushing roller and a power transmission device for driving two crushing rollers to rotate, a plurality of crushing knives are arranged on the roller surface of the crushing roller, and a crushing gap is correspondingly formed between the crushing knives of the left and right crushing rollers, and the crushing gap gradually decreases from front to back, so as to realize the step-by-step refinement and crushing of the stems. The invention has a simple structure and a reasonable design, and can maximize the crushing of the straw by changing the feeding effect and the degree of fine crushing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine. Background Art

[0002] Banana is the world's most popular fresh fruit and the most important crop in tropical and subtropical regions. my country's banana planting area is 320,000 hectares, with an annual banana output of more than 10 million tons (ranked second in the world), and an output value of more than 30 billion yuan, which occupies an important position in my country's agricultural economic development. As the banana industry develops, a large amount of banana straw is produced. In 2019, the amount of banana straw in my country reached more than 20 million tons.

[0003] At present, most banana-growing areas still use traditional methods to deal with banana pseudostems. Crop straw will decompose during storage, producing greenhouse gases such as methane, which will have a negative impact on global climate change. Returning straw to the field can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Straw is rich in organic matter and nutrients, including phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen and other elements. It can be used as a base fertilizer and compound fertilizer for farmland, improve the fertility of farmland soil, and increase the nutrient supply during the crop growth cycle. Straw can be used for farmland covering. Covering materials can reduce soil surface temperature, increase the resistance to evaporation of soil moisture, protect soil moisture and reduce the dispersion of pesticides. Returning straw to the field can reduce the use of substitutes, such as chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which can not only reduce pollution and damage to the environment, but also reduce farmers' production costs.

[0004] The existing straw return machines still have problems such as uncontrollable direction of straw entering the machine, uneven force on the cutter, and incomplete crushing. Therefore, it is still necessary to design a banana straw crushing and returning machine with longitudinal feeding, uniform force, and good crushing performance. The research on straw crushing and returning machinery is of great significance to maintaining the sustainability of agricultural production, improving land quality, protecting the environment, and reducing production costs.

[0005] In the prior art, the application date is 2020.12.25, and the announcement number is CN 112715137 B. A radial guide wheel type banana straw crushing and returning machine is disclosed. The mechanism includes a frame, a guide wheel mechanism, and a radial crushing mechanism. The guide wheel mechanism is used to gather the banana stalks to the middle and arrange the length direction of the banana stalks to be roughly in the front-to-back direction. The radial crushing mechanism is used to cut and crush the banana stalks in the radial direction. The mechanism can improve the crushing effect of the banana stalks by the gathering method of the guide wheel mechanism located in the front, but this mechanism also has the following disadvantages:

[0006] First, when the mechanism is working forward, the front and rear positions of the banana stems remain basically stationary, but the crushing mechanism follows the forward movement of the machine to gradually cut the banana stems. The crushing knife at the front will first contact the stems and cut the root of the stems, and then will be gradually cut by the crushing knife at the rear. However, since the two crushing rollers of the crushing mechanism are cylindrical rollers and arranged in the front-to-back direction, the width of the crushing chamber between the two crushing rollers is consistent front and back, and the width between the two crushing knives at the rear is consistent with the width between the two crushing knives at the front. As the machine moves forward, the two crushing knives at the rear contact the The material to be cut is the stalk that has been preliminarily cut by the two front crushing knives. After the preliminarily cutting, the stalk has reached a certain crushing rod length. At this time, the width of the crushing knives on both sides at the rear does not change. When cutting the stalk of such a rod length, most of the stalks cannot be crushed well, resulting in the crushing knives at the rear not achieving a good crushing effect. If the width between the two crushing rollers is reduced as a whole, the uncut complete stalks are directly cut by the two crushing knives with smaller widths, which makes the cutting resistance of the front crushing knives larger, the wear rate of the front crushing knives is higher, and they are easy to be damaged.

[0007] 2. Before the operation of the mechanism, the stalks are first pushed by the pushing device located in front of the tractor, and then the crushing mechanism is used for cutting and crushing. The tractor drives the crushing roller to rotate at a high speed. The rotating crushing knife will cut the banana stalks during the rotation and drive the banana stalks upward to be lifted. The lifted stalks can reach the range of the crushing chamber. As the machine gradually moves forward, the banana stalks can be kept within the range of the crushing chamber under the action of the upward cutting force of the crushing knife, so as to achieve a better crushing effect. However, once the banana stalks are seriously attached to the ground and the ends of the stalks are not lifted or the lifting height is low, especially when the whole banana stalks are attached to the ground, the force required to lift the tail end first is relatively large. If they are not lifted or the lifting height is low, the crushing knife in front will not be able to cut the banana stalks, and the ends of the banana stalks cannot be lifted upward, so that the banana stalks cannot reach the range of the crushing chamber, and the purpose of feeding the banana stalks cannot be achieved. The degree of fine crushing of the banana stalks is poor or they cannot be finely crushed. Summary of the invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine with reasonable design and good crushing effect.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine is installed at the rear of a tractor, comprising a frame, on which a stalk scooping and lifting mechanism, a stalk supporting and guiding mechanism and a longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism are sequentially installed from front to back;

[0010] A frame, serving as a direct or indirect mounting base for the following mechanisms, with travel support wheels provided at the bottom ends of both sides of the frame;

[0011] The stem scooping and lifting mechanism is arranged at the front lower part of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, and is used to scoop up the stems lying on the ground and lift them upward and backward;

[0012] A stalk support and guide mechanism is arranged in front of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism and above the stalk scooping and lifting mechanism, the stalk support and guide mechanism includes a plurality of support and guide devices located above the stalk scooping and lifting mechanism, the support and guide devices are used to clamp and guide the raised stalks so that they enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism in the forward direction, and to support the stalks to keep them in a rearward raised state so that they enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, and the top end of the support and guide device is connected to the frame through a support and guide bracket;

[0013] The longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism is used to cut and crush banana stems in the radial direction, including a crushing roller and a power transmission device for driving the two crushing rollers to rotate. A plurality of crushing knives are arranged on the roller surface of the crushing roller. A crushing gap is formed between the crushing knives of the left and right crushing rollers respectively. The crushing gap gradually decreases from front to back, thereby realizing step-by-step refinement and crushing of the stems.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution, the stem scooping and lifting mechanism includes a stem shovel blade installed at the front and lower part of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, the stem shovel blade is arranged horizontally, and both ends of the stem shovel blade are connected to the frame through a shovel blade bracket.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution, the stalk scraper is placed horizontally and has a stalk scraper blade inclined forward and downward at the front end, and a stalk lifting guide surface is provided on the top surface of the stalk scraper inclined backward and upward along the stalk scraper.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution, the supporting and guiding device includes a vertically arranged fixed supporting plate and a movable supporting plate, the top end of the fixed supporting plate is fixed on the supporting and guiding bracket, the top end of the movable supporting plate is movably mounted on the supporting and guiding bracket, the movable supporting plate can slide relative to the fixed supporting plate, and an elastic resetting device for driving the movable supporting plate to reset is provided between the fixed supporting plate and the movable supporting plate, the movable supporting plate corresponds to and cooperates with the fixed supporting plate in another group of the supporting and guiding devices on the adjacent side, and a stem supporting channel is formed between the two.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution, the elastic reset device includes a sliding sleeve fixed to the side of the fixed supporting plate close to the movable supporting plate and a sliding sleeve rod fixed to the side of the movable supporting plate close to the fixed supporting plate, the sliding sleeve rod is slidably installed in the sliding sleeve, and elastic reset springs are installed outside the sliding sleeve and the sliding sleeve rod, and both ends of the elastic reset spring respectively abut between the fixed supporting plate and the movable supporting plate.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution, the front sides of the fixed supporting plate and the movable supporting plate are arc-shaped structures bent toward each other and correspondingly engaged, the front side of the fixed supporting plate includes a fixed supporting section, a fixed guiding section and a fixed anti-blocking section, the front side of the movable supporting plate includes a movable supporting section and a movable guiding section, the fixed supporting section is used to correspond to the movable supporting section of another group of the movable supporting plates, the fixed guiding section is bent and extended forward and laterally from the front end of the fixed supporting section, the fixed anti-blocking section is bent and extended rearward and laterally from the front end of the fixed guiding section, the movable guiding section is bent and extended forward and laterally from the front end of the movable supporting section to be close to the fixed anti-blocking section, and a movable opening is left between the two that is conducive to the sliding of the movable supporting plate, and an anti-pinch flexible covering plate is also fixed on the fixed anti-blocking section, and the free end of the anti-pinch flexible covering plate covers the movable opening.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution, the rear side of the fixed supporting plate is a clamping side vertical plate parallel to the forward direction of the frame, the outer surface of the clamping side vertical plate is provided with an upward guide plate, and the top surface of the upward guide plate is formed with an upward guide surface inclined rearward and upward from the bottom end of the clamping side vertical plate.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution, the two crushing rollers are conical rollers that are thin in the front and thick in the back, the axes of the two conical rollers are parallel to the movement direction of the frame, and the roller surfaces of the two conical rollers are respectively arranged with a number of crushing knives, and the crushing gap between the crushing knives of the left and right conical rollers gradually decreases from front to back.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism also includes auxiliary fixed knife assemblies located on both sides of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, and the auxiliary fixed knife assemblies include a plurality of crushing fixed knives fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the frame, and the plurality of crushing fixed knives are gradually arranged from front to back and correspond to the crushing knives on the truncated cone rollers close thereto, and the crushing gap between the two gradually decreases from front to back.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution, the power transmission device includes a power input shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, the two crushing rollers are connected to the frame via roller shafts, and the roller shafts are transmission-connected to the power input shaft.

[0023] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1. Compared with the prior art method that requires the stalks to be lifted upward by the rotating cutting force of the crushing knife, the device can directly scoop up the banana stalks close to the ground to avoid that the banana stalks are missed and not crushed. At the same time, after the banana stalks are lifted, the tail ends of the stalks can be lifted to a certain height through the stalk lifting guide surface. When the tail ends of the stalks enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, their height is just located in the crushing chamber. At this time, the feeding effect of the banana stalks is better, and the purpose of better fine crushing can be achieved. The device uses a mechanical method to achieve height lifting, and it does not rely on other power. It has a simple structure and is easy to use. The effects of scooping and lifting are obvious, which can ensure the feeding effect into the rear crushing chamber.

[0025] Second, the equipment is designed with a supporting and guiding device. When the banana stalks are lifted upward along the stalk lifting and guiding surface, and as the machine moves forward as a whole, they come into contact with the supporting and guiding device, and enter the stalk supporting channel between the supporting and guiding devices, and are supported by the supporting and guiding device, so that the stalks are straightened in the forward longitudinal direction and enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism. The lifted tail end can also be supported to keep it lifted upward, so that it can be better fed into the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism.

[0026] 3. This equipment forms a crushing chamber with a narrow front end and a narrow rear end by adjusting the gap between the cutters. This is not achieved by changing the length of the cutters, nor by changing the direction or distance of the rollers. It only adopts a truncated cone roller design to achieve a structure in which the crushing gap gradually decreases. The design is simple, the cutters are easy to install, and the power transmission of the rollers is also simple. The design is ingenious, and both the cutters at the rear and the cutters at the front can achieve good crushing effects. In particular, the crushing process changes gradually, presenting a step-by-step crushing effect, and there will be no large cutting resistance and severe wear due to the narrow width between the front cutters in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The following drawings are intended only to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 1 is an axonometric view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 is a front view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 is a side view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention from an upward angle (the stem scooping and lifting mechanism is omitted);

[0032] Figure 5 is an axial side view of a stem supporting and guiding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 is a structural principle diagram of a supporting and guiding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 is a side view of a fixed support plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a state diagram of a banana stem before entering the supporting and guiding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 is a state diagram of a banana stem entering the supporting and guiding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of two crushing rollers according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] In the figure: 100-frame; 101-power input shaft; 102-active driving gear; 103-driven driving gear; 104-chain; 200-stem shoveling and lifting mechanism; 201-stem shovel; 202-stem shovel blade; 203-stem lifting guide surface; 300-stem supporting and guiding mechanism; 301-supporting and guiding bracket; 302-fixed supporting plate; 302a-fixed supporting section; 302b-fixed guiding section; 302c-fixed anti-blocking section; 303-movable supporting plate; 303a-movable supporting section; 303b-movable guiding section; 304-elastic return spring; 305-anti-pinch flexible covering plate; 306-clamping side plate; 307-upward guiding plate; 308-upward guiding surface; 400-longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism; 401-crushing roller; 402-crushing knife; 403-crushing fixed knife. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described only by way of illustration. Needless to say, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine is installed at the rear of the tractor, and includes a frame 100, on which a stalk scooping and lifting mechanism 200, a stalk supporting and guiding mechanism 300 and a longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400 are installed in sequence from front to back.

[0041] The frame 100 is used as a direct or indirect mounting base of the following mechanism. The frame 100 is a frame structure with the front, rear and bottom open. A triangular bracket is connected to the top of the frame 100. A three-point suspension is also provided on the upper front side of the frame 100, which is connected to the rear side of the tractor through the three-point suspension. Travel support wheels are provided at the bottom ends of both sides of the frame 100 to play an auxiliary support role. The height between the device and the ground is mainly adjusted as a whole through the three-point suspension.

[0042] See also Figure 4 The stalk scooping and lifting mechanism 200 is arranged at the front and lower part of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400, and is used to scoop up the stalks close to the ground and lift them up to the rear and upper part. The stalk scooping and lifting mechanism 200 includes a stalk scraper 201 installed at the front and lower part of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400, the stalk scraper 201 is arranged horizontally, and the two ends of the stalk scraper 201 are connected to the frame 100 through scraper brackets; the stalk scraper 201 is placed horizontally and has a stalk scraping blade 202 slightly inclined forward and downward at the front end, and a stalk lifting guide surface 203 is arranged on the top surface of the stalk scraper 201 along the stalk scraper 201 and inclined backward and upward. The stalk scraper 201 can be installed on the scraper bracket in a detachable manner. The two ends of the stalk scraper 201 can be removed and fixed by screws. When it is not needed, it can be removed. It is independent of other structures at the rear and does not affect the crushing operation of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400 at the rear. However, if the stalk scraper 201 is installed, it can be used in conjunction with the two mechanisms at the rear to achieve the best crushing effect of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400 at the rear.

[0043] When in use, the overall height of the device is adjusted so that the stem shovel blade 202 is close to or slightly lower than the soil surface, and the stem shovel blade 202 is tilted forward and downward, which is equivalent to a scraping structure. When the tractor moves forward, once the stem shovel blade 202 contacts the tail end of the banana stem, the banana stem can be shoveled up, and then the tail end of the banana stem is tilted backward and upward along the stem lifting guide surface 203, so that the tail end of the banana stem is lifted to a certain height and enters the stem supporting guide mechanism 300. Since the bottom of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400 behind the stem shovel blade 201 is hollow, the shoveled soil, small clods of soil, etc. can leak naturally without affecting the use. Since the stem shovel blade 202 can cut and is slightly tilted forward and downward, the banana stem can be easily shoveled and fed to the rear without piling up in the front.

[0044] This device is suitable for banana stems that are cut manually or mechanically and tilted forward. The tail end of the banana stem is completely broken and faces the device. The stem shovel blade 202 contacts the tail end of the banana stem and can be quickly shoveled up. At the same time, because the stem shovel blade 202 has cutting ability, when the stem tail end is not completely cut off, the stem shovel blade 202 contacts the root connection, the root can be directly cut, and the cut stem can be shoveled up. Even if the roots buried in the soil are higher than the ground due to manual cutting, when the stem shovel blade 202 passes by, the roots can be directly cut, and the stem shovel blade 201 will not be blocked from passing through, and the forward movement of the machine will not be affected.

[0045] Compared with the prior art method that requires the rotating cutting force of the crushing knife to lift the stems upward, the present device can directly scoop up the banana stems close to the ground to avoid that some banana stems are missed and not crushed. At the same time, after the banana stems are lifted, the tail ends of the stems can be lifted to a certain height through the stem lifting guide surface 203. When the tail ends of the stems enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400, their height is just located in the crushing chamber. At this time, the feeding effect of the banana stems is better and the purpose of fine crushing can be achieved. The present device uses a mechanical method to achieve height lifting, and it does not rely on other power. It has a simple structure and is easy to use. The scooping and lifting effects are obvious, which can ensure the feeding effect into the rear crushing chamber.

[0046] See also Figures 5 to 9The stem supporting and guiding mechanism 300 is arranged in front of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400 and is located above the stem scooping and lifting mechanism 200. The stem supporting and guiding mechanism 300 includes a plurality of supporting and guiding devices located above the stem scooping and lifting mechanism 200. The supporting and guiding devices are used to clamp and guide the raised stems so that they enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400 in the forward direction, and to support the stems to keep them in a raised state backward so that they enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400. The top of the supporting and guiding device is connected to the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400. The banana stalks are connected to the frame 100 through a supporting and guiding bracket 301; when the banana stalks are lifted upward along the stalk lifting and guiding surface 203 and as the machine moves forward as a whole, they come into contact with the supporting and guiding device and enter into the stalk supporting channel between the supporting and guiding devices and are supported by the supporting and guiding device to straighten the stalks in the forward longitudinal direction and enter into the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400. The lifted tail end can also be supported to keep it lifted upward and can be better fed into the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400.

[0047] The supporting and guiding device includes a vertically arranged fixed supporting plate 302 and a movable supporting plate 303, the top end of the fixed supporting plate 302 is fixed on the supporting and guiding bracket 301, the top end of the movable supporting plate 303 is movably installed on the supporting and guiding bracket 301, the movable supporting plate 303 can slide relative to the fixed supporting plate 302, and an elastic reset device for driving the movable supporting plate 303 to reset is provided between the fixed supporting plate 302 and the movable supporting plate 303, the movable supporting plate 303 corresponds to the fixed supporting plate 302 in another group of the supporting and guiding device on the adjacent side and a stem supporting channel L is formed between the two. In this embodiment, the height of the stem supporting channel L in the up and down directions is relatively high, which is equivalent to a rectangular channel. When the tail end of the stem is raised, it can also be supported by the movable supporting plate 303 and the fixed supporting plate 302.

[0048] A fixed slider is provided at the top of the fixed supporting plate 302, a movable slider is provided at the top of the movable supporting plate 303, a horizontally spanning sliding guide groove is provided at the bottom end of the supporting and guiding bracket 301, and a fixed mounting bracket fixedly connected to the frame 100 is provided at the top of the supporting and guiding bracket 301. During installation, the fixed slider and the movable slider are slid and installed from one side respectively. When the position is determined, the two ends of the fixed slider are fixed to the supporting guide bracket 301 by limit screws to fix the fixed slider. A limit screw is provided on the outside of the movable slider so that the movable slider can slide toward one side of the fixed slider, but its outermost distance is limited by the limit screw. When a thicker rubber stem enters the stem supporting channel L, it will push the movable supporting plate 303 in contact with it to overcome the elastic force of the elastic reset device and slide toward the same group of the fixed supporting plate 302, thereby opening the stem supporting channel L. When the stem passes through or becomes thinner, the elastic reset device will push the movable supporting plate 303 outward to slide toward the side away from the same group of the fixed supporting plate 302, thereby closing the stem supporting channel L. When the banana stems are in the stem supporting channel L, the movable supporting plates 303 located on the left and right sides of the banana stems cooperate with the fixed supporting plates 302 to support the surface of the stems, which can play a role in supporting the stems, so that the stems can be kept in a raised position. At the same time, after the stems are guided into the stem supporting channel L, the direction of the stems can be corrected and they will continue to move along the stem supporting channel L, thereby achieving the purpose of guiding the stems to enter the subsequent longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism 400 in the forward longitudinal direction.

[0049] The elastic reset device includes a sliding sleeve fixed to the fixed supporting plate 302 on one side close to the movable supporting plate 303 and a sliding sleeve rod fixed to the movable supporting plate 303 on one side close to the fixed supporting plate 302. The sliding sleeve rod is slidably installed in the sliding sleeve. An elastic reset spring 304 is installed outside the sliding sleeve and the sliding sleeve rod. The two ends of the elastic reset spring 304 are respectively pressed between the fixed supporting plate 302 and the movable supporting plate 303. When a thick stem passes through the stem supporting channel L, it will squeeze the corresponding movable supporting plate 303 to reset the elastic reset spring 304. The spring 304 is compressed. When the stem becomes thinner, the force exerted on the movable supporting plate 303 by the stem becomes smaller. The elastic reset spring 304 is reset to push the corresponding movable supporting plate 303 to slide outward. Through this design of fixation and sliding combined with the spring, stems of different thicknesses can be supported. Moreover, since this structure is controlled to float by a spring, the movable supporting plate 303 can have a certain flexibility relative to the fixed supporting plate 302. When the machine moves forward, the movable supporting plate 303 and the fixed supporting plate 302 can support and correct the deviation while moving forward relative to the banana stem.

[0050] Observing downward from the top of the fixed supporting plate 302 and the movable supporting plate 303, the front sides of the fixed supporting plate 302 and the movable supporting plate 303 are arc structures bent toward each other and correspondingly interlocked, that is, the front sides of the fixed supporting plate 302 and the movable supporting plate 303 in horizontal cross-section are arc structures bent toward each other and correspondingly interlocked. After the two are correspondingly interlocked, the front side is an arc-shaped design with a small front and a large back. The front end is small and has an arc surface, which can guide the stem to slide relative to the arc surface into the stem supporting channel L. The front side of the fixed supporting plate 302 includes a fixed supporting section 302a, a fixed guiding section 302b and a fixed anti-blocking section 302c, and the front side of the movable supporting plate 303 includes a movable supporting section 303a and a movable guiding section 303b. The fixed supporting section 302a is used to correspond to the movable supporting section 303a of another group of movable supporting plates 303, and the stem supporting channel L is located at the position of the fixed supporting section 302a and the movable supporting section 303a, that is, a stem supporting channel L is formed between the fixed supporting section 302a of one of the fixed supporting plates 302 and the adjacent corresponding movable supporting section 303a of another group of movable supporting plates 303.

[0051] The fixed guide section 302b is bent and extended forward and laterally from the front end of the fixed supporting section 302a, the fixed anti-blocking section 302c is bent and extended backward and laterally from the front end of the fixed guide section 302b, and the front end of the fixed guide section 302b is smoothly transitionally connected to the front end of the fixed anti-blocking section 302c. The movable guide section 303b is bent and extended forward and laterally from the front end of the movable supporting section 303a to be close to the fixed anti-blocking section 302c, and a movable opening is left between the two for the sliding of the movable supporting plate 303. An anti-pinch flexible cover plate 305 is also fixed on the fixed anti-blocking section 302c, and the free end of the anti-pinch flexible cover plate 305 covers the movable opening. The fixed guide section 302b, the fixed anti-blocking section 302c, and the movable guide section 303b are all curved and have the effect of guiding the movement of the stem. When the tail end of the stem contacts the surface of the fixed guide section 302b, it will move backward along the curved surface of the fixed guide section 302b and be guided into the corresponding stem support channel L. When the tail end of the stem contacts the fixed anti-blocking section 302c, it can also move backward along the curved surface of the fixed anti-blocking section 302c, and then transition to the movable guide section 303b through the anti-pinch flexible cover plate 305, and can slide along the movable guide section 303b to enter the corresponding stem support channel L. In order to achieve the purpose of guiding the stem to enter the stem support channel L, the front ends of the fixed support plate 302 and the movable support plate 303 that can contact the stem are both designed in an arc shape. Since the surface of the arc design is smooth and the friction with the stem is small, the stem can be quickly guided into place.

[0052] In addition, since the movable supporting plate 303 can slide relative to the fixed supporting plate 302, there will be a matching surface between the movable supporting plate 303 and the fixed supporting plate 302, that is, the position of the movable opening. In order to prevent the stem from getting stuck at the movable opening and affecting the movement of the stem when entering along the fixed anti-blocking section 302c, an anti-pinch flexible covering plate 305 is added to the fixed guide section 302b. The anti-pinch flexible covering plate 305 adopts a thin elastic sheet structure, one end of which is fixed on the fixed guide section 302b, and the other end covers the front end of the movable guide section 303b, thereby covering the movable opening.

[0053] The rear side of the fixed support plate 302 is a clamping side vertical plate 306 parallel to the forward direction of the frame 100. The outer surface of the clamping side vertical plate 306 of the fixed support plate 302 is provided with an upward guide plate 307. The top surface of the upward guide plate 307 is formed with an upward guide surface 308 inclined from the bottom end of the clamping side vertical plate 306 to the rear and upward. The upward guide surface 308 can be connected with the stem lifting guide surface 203. The upward guide surface 308 is just located above the stem lifting guide surface 203, and the angles of the two are consistent. When the stem slides backward from the stem lifting guide surface 203, it can contact the upward guide surface 308 and continue to be lifted. In addition, the rear side of the movable support plate 303 can also be set as a clamping side vertical plate 306 parallel to the forward direction of the frame 100. The two vertical plates cooperate with each other, so that the length of the stem support channel L becomes longer, and the stem can be better guided to enter the rear in the front-to-back direction.

[0054] In this embodiment, see Figure 4 Four groups of the supporting and guiding devices are provided to form a plurality of stem supporting channels L located at the left and right ends. The structure of the device can be appropriately adjusted, and the vertical plates can be cooperated with the ends on both sides to achieve a clamping effect. In order to achieve a better cutting and crushing effect, the number of the stem supporting channels L can be adaptively designed according to the actual banana straw planting density in the banana field to ensure a better feeding effect.

[0055] See also Fig.10 The longitudinal double roller crushing mechanism 400 is used to cut and crush banana stalks in the radial direction, including a crushing roller 401 and a power transmission device for driving the two crushing rollers 401 to rotate. A plurality of crushing knives 402 are arranged on the roller surface of the crushing roller 401. A crushing gap is formed between the crushing knives 402 of the left and right crushing rollers 401. The crushing gap gradually decreases from front to back, that is, the cutting range of the crushing knives 402 gradually increases, so as to realize the step-by-step refinement and crushing of the stalks. In this embodiment, the two crushing rollers 401 rotate relative to each other to achieve the crushing effect. The crushing knives 402 are L-shaped crushing knives 402 with a folding angle of 135°. The crushing knives 402 are used to cut and crush banana stalks in the radial direction by rotating, wherein the crushing knives 402 are fixed on the knife roller surface; there are two crushing rollers 401, and the roller shafts are arranged parallel and side by side. The crushing rollers 401 on both sides rotate synchronously in opposite directions, which can be used to cooperate in shearing crushing of banana stalks. The crushing knives 402 on the left and right crushing rollers 401 are arranged in a staggered manner, and the number of the crushing knives 402 is substantially corresponding.

[0056] The two crushing rollers 401 are truncated cone-shaped rollers that are thin at the front and thick at the back. The axes of the two truncated cone-shaped rollers are parallel to the movement direction of the frame 100. A number of crushing knives 402 are arranged on the roller surfaces of the two truncated cone-shaped rollers respectively. The crushing gap between the crushing knives 402 of the left and right truncated cone-shaped rollers gradually decreases from front to back. Since the length of the crushing knives 402 and the length of the cutting edge on the roller surface are also the same, when the crushing gap between the crushing knives 402 on the left and right sides gradually decreases, the cutting range of the crushing knives 402 will also gradually increase. As the machine moves forward, the crushing knives 402 on the left and right sides of the front will first cut off the banana straw, and the length of the cutting point will be larger. As the gap between the crushing knives 402 on the left and right sides becomes smaller and smaller, the cutting length of the straw will gradually become smaller, and a continuous cutting and step-by-step crushing effect can be achieved. The present mechanism adjusts the gap between the knives to form a crushing chamber with a front end and a narrow rear end, and this is not achieved by changing the length of the knives, nor by changing the direction or distance of the roller shaft. It only adopts a truncated cone-shaped roller design to achieve a structure in which the crushing gap gradually decreases. The design is simple, the knives are easy to install, and the power transmission of the roller shaft is relatively simple. The design is relatively ingenious. The knives located at the rear and the knives located at the front can both achieve better crushing effects, especially the crushing process is gradually changing, presenting a step-by-step crushing effect, and there will be no large cutting resistance and severe wear due to the narrow width between the front knives in the prior art.

[0057] At the same time, due to the design of the frustum-shaped roller being thin at the front and thick at the back, the bottom surface of the crushing cavity of the cutter also presents a trend of being high at the front and low at the back, and the height between the cutter and the ground is getting lower and lower. As the straw becomes more and more finely broken, the cutter at the rear is closer to the ground and can better lift the finely broken straw.

[0058] In order to avoid increasing the service life of the crushing knife 402, there is a certain height between the bottom end of the crushing knife 402 and the ground. In order to achieve a better stem shoveling and feeding effect, the height of the stem shovel blade 201 is relatively low, and a stem lifting guide surface 203 is provided to lift the stems upward so that the stems can better enter the crushing chamber; at the same time, the stem supporting channel L is located just above the stem shovel blade 201, which can ensure that the shoveled stems can be supported.

[0059] In order to improve the crushing effect, the longitudinal double-roll crushing mechanism 400 also includes auxiliary fixed knife assemblies located on both sides of the longitudinal double-roll crushing mechanism 400, and the auxiliary fixed knife assemblies include multiple crushing fixed knives 403 fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the frame 100, and the multiple crushing fixed knives 403 are gradually arranged from front to back to correspond to the crushing knives 402 on the truncated cone rollers close thereto, and the crushing gap between the two gradually decreases from front to back. The number of the crushing fixed knives 403 basically corresponds to the number of the crushing knives 402, and a gradually changing crushing gap can also be achieved between the two to achieve an auxiliary fine crushing effect.

[0060] The power transmission device includes a power input shaft 101 rotatably mounted on the frame 100, and the two crushing rollers 401 are connected to the frame 100 through roller shafts, and the roller shafts are in transmission connection with the power input shaft 101. The power input shaft 101 is rotatably mounted on the top of the frame 100 through bearings, and the front end is used to connect with the tractor power output, and the rear end is fixedly mounted with an active driving gear 102, and the frame 100 is respectively meshed with driven driving gears 103 on both sides of the active driving gear 102, and the driven driving gear 103 is rotatably mounted on the frame 100 through a gear shaft, and a sprocket is also fixedly mounted on the gear shaft, and the roller shaft is mounted on the frame 100 through a bearing, and a sprocket is provided at the rear end, and the corresponding sprockets are connected through a chain 104 for transmission.

[0061] The working principle of this embodiment is:

[0062] The device is driven forward by a tractor. Before the device performs the crushing operation, the banana stalks are tilted forward by manual or mechanical cutting, or a pushing device is used to press the stalks forward so that the roots of the stalks are broken and then tilted forward. Before the operation, the overall height of the device is adjusted. As the tractor moves forward, the stalk shovel blade 202 can scoop up the tail end of the stalk tilted forward, and the tail end of the stalk can be lifted upward along the stalk lifting guide surface 203, and then enter the stalk support channel L between the fixed support plate 302 and the corresponding movable support plate 303. During this process, the tractor moves forward, and the stalk support channel L will limit the direction of the stalk, so that the stalk maintains the front-to-back longitudinal direction and enters the crushing chamber at the rear, and the crushing knife 402 cuts and crushes the banana straw in a radial direction in a shearing manner. During this process, the raised stalk can be well chopped by the crushing knife 402 in the front, and the chopped straw will be gradually refined and crushed by the crushing knife 402 at the rear. As the depth of the straw entering the knife roller deepens, the spacing between the crushing knives 402 becomes denser, and the degree of crushing gradually deepens, thereby realizing the crushing and returning of the banana straw to the field.

[0063] The present invention cooperates from multiple angles to achieve the purpose of improving the straw crushing effect. First, it starts with raising the straw and stalk support to change the feeding situation, and then uses the method of changing the crushing gap to achieve step-by-step crushing, thereby improving the straw crushing effect as a whole.

[0064] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine, installed at the rear of a tractor, including a frame, characterized in that: The frame is provided with a stem scooping and lifting mechanism, a stem supporting and guiding mechanism, and a longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism in sequence from front to back; A frame, serving as a direct or indirect mounting base for the following mechanisms, with travel support wheels provided at the bottom ends of both sides of the frame; The stem scooping and lifting mechanism is arranged at the front lower part of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, and is used to scoop up the stems lying on the ground and lift them upward and backward; A stalk supporting and guiding mechanism is arranged in front of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism and above the stalk scooping and lifting mechanism, the stalk supporting and guiding mechanism includes a plurality of supporting and guiding devices located above the stalk scooping and lifting mechanism, the supporting and guiding devices are used to clamp and guide the lifted stalks so that they enter the subsequent longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism in a forward longitudinal direction, and to support the stalks and keep them in a lifted backward state so that they enter the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, the top end of the supporting and guiding device is connected to the frame through a supporting and guiding bracket; the supporting and guiding device includes a fixed supporting plate and a movable supporting plate arranged vertically, the top end of the fixed supporting plate is fixed on the supporting and guiding bracket, and the top end of the movable supporting plate is movably mounted on the supporting and guiding bracket. On the guide bracket, the movable supporting plate can slide relative to the fixed supporting plate, and an elastic reset device for driving the movable supporting plate to reset is provided between the fixed supporting plate and the movable supporting plate, and the movable supporting plate corresponds to and cooperates with the fixed supporting plate in another group of the supporting guide devices on the adjacent side, and a stem supporting channel is formed between the two; the elastic reset device includes a sliding sleeve fixed to the side of the fixed supporting plate close to the movable supporting plate and a sliding sleeve rod fixed to the side of the movable supporting plate close to the fixed supporting plate, the sliding sleeve rod is slidably installed in the sliding sleeve, and elastic reset springs are installed outside the sliding sleeve and the sliding sleeve rod, and the two ends of the elastic reset spring respectively abut between the fixed supporting plate and the movable supporting plate; The longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism is used to cut and crush banana stems in the radial direction, including a crushing roller and a power transmission device for driving the two crushing rollers to rotate. A plurality of crushing knives are arranged on the roller surface of the crushing roller. A crushing gap is formed between the crushing knives of the left and right crushing rollers respectively. The crushing gap gradually decreases from front to back, thereby realizing step-by-step refinement and crushing of the stems.

2. The longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The stalk scooping and lifting mechanism comprises a stalk scraper installed at the front lower part of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, the stalk scraper is arranged horizontally, and the two ends of the stalk scraper are connected to the frame through a scraper bracket.

3. The longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The stalk scraper is placed horizontally and a stalk scraper blade inclined forward and downward is provided at the front end, and a stalk lifting guide surface is provided on the top surface of the stalk scraper inclined backward and upward along the stalk scraper.

4. The longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The front sides of the fixed supporting plate and the movable supporting plate are arc-shaped structures bent toward each other and correspondingly engaged, and the front side of the fixed supporting plate includes a fixed supporting section, a fixed guiding section and a fixed anti-blocking section, and the front side of the movable supporting plate includes a movable supporting section and a movable guiding section, and the fixed supporting section is used to correspond to the movable supporting section of another group of the movable supporting plates, the fixed guiding section is bent and extended forward and laterally from the front end of the fixed supporting section, the fixed anti-blocking section is bent and extended rearward and laterally from the front end of the fixed guiding section, and the movable guiding section is bent and extended forward and laterally from the front end of the movable supporting section to be close to the fixed anti-blocking section, and a movable opening is left between the two that is conducive to the sliding of the movable supporting plate, and an anti-pinch flexible covering plate is also fixed on the fixed anti-blocking section, and the free end of the anti-pinch flexible covering plate covers the movable opening.

5. The longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The rear side of the fixed supporting plate is a clamping side vertical plate parallel to the forward direction of the frame, the outer surface of the clamping side vertical plate is provided with an upward guide plate, and the top surface of the upward guide plate is formed with an upward guide surface inclined backward and upward from the bottom end of the clamping side vertical plate.

6. The longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The two crushing rollers are truncated cone-shaped rollers that are thin at the front and thick at the back. The axes of the two truncated cone-shaped rollers are parallel to the movement direction of the frame. A number of crushing knives are arranged on the roller surfaces of the two truncated cone-shaped rollers respectively. The crushing gap between the crushing knives of the left and right truncated cone-shaped rollers gradually decreases from front to back.

7. The longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism also includes auxiliary fixed knife assemblies located on both sides of the longitudinal double-roller crushing mechanism, and the auxiliary fixed knife assemblies include a plurality of crushing fixed knives fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the frame. The plurality of crushing fixed knives are gradually arranged from front to back and correspond to the crushing knives on the truncated cone rollers close thereto, and the crushing gap between the two gradually decreases from front to back.

8. The longitudinal double-roller banana straw crushing and returning machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The power transmission device comprises a power input shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, the two crushing rollers are connected to the frame via roller shafts, and the roller shafts are transmission-connected to the power input shaft.

Images