A method for improving passion fruit's drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit, which comprises the following steps: step 1, field planting in March and April, first evenly mixing drought-resistant biological agents into the soil, and then field planting passion fruit seedlings in the treated soil; step 2, before mid-October, laying straw around the passion fruit plants with the plants as the center; step 3, at the end of October, all the vines and leaves on the passion fruit seedlings are cut off, only the main vines are retained, and antifreeze is sprayed once every half month until the climate warms up in early February of the following year. The method of the present invention can reduce the occurrence of frost damage to passion fruit and improve the ability of drought resistance and barrenness resistance, thereby expanding the suitable planting area, reducing the amount of fertilizer applied, and reducing economic losses, and has good economic and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit. Background Art

[0002] Passion fruit, also known as passion fruit, is suitable for planting in areas with a climate of 20-28℃ and is afraid of cold and frost. At present, Menghai County in Yunnan Province is more suitable for planting, but it will still freeze when the temperature is low in winter. ， In severe cases, the entire plant will die, causing huge economic losses to growers. Not only does it need to be replanted the next year, but planting experience also shows that the peak production period of passion fruit is in the second and third years after planting. This results in most passion fruit only having a harvest in the first year, and being unable to survive the cold winter and enter the peak production period, which seriously affects the yield and planting benefits.

[0003] A Chinese invention patent with application number 201910775710.4 discloses a method for overwintering passion fruit. By spraying a slurry composed of wood ash and soil on the main vine, the alkaline effect of the wood ash and the heat-insulating effect of the soil are used to prevent the passion fruit seedlings from freezing inside even in the cold winter. The internal structure of the passion fruit seedlings is not destroyed by ice crystals, and their vitality is preserved, so that they can successfully survive the cold winter and provide conditions for a good harvest next year.

[0004] After practice, the above method did not significantly improve the frost resistance of passion fruit, and still caused a large number of passion fruit plants to die. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit, which can reduce the occurrence of frost damage to passion fruit and improve the drought resistance and barrenness resistance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0007] Provided is a method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Planting in March-April, first mix the drought-resistant biological agent evenly into the soil, and then plant the passion fruit seedlings in the treated soil;

[0009] Step 2: Before mid-October, lay straw around the passion fruit plant, centered around the plant;

[0010] Step 3. At the end of October, cut off all the vines and leaves on the passion fruit seedlings, leaving only the main vine. Spray antifreeze once every half month until the weather warms up in early February of the following year.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, the drought-resistant biological agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus polymyxa.

[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis and Paenibacillus polymyxa is 2:5:4:1.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation method of the antifreeze comprises the following steps:

[0014] (1) washing the cut passion fruit leaves with distilled water, drying them, and grinding them into powder to obtain component 1;

[0015] (2) Add distilled water to component 1, heat at 55-70°C for 15-25 minutes, filter, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain component 2;

[0016] (3) passing component 2 through a strong acid or weak acid cation exchange resin, first eluting with deionized water, discarding the eluent, then eluting with ethanol, and recovering the solvent to obtain component 3;

[0017] (4) Add chitosan to component 3 to obtain an antifreeze agent.

[0018] Furthermore, in step (4), the mass ratio of component 3 to chitosan is 10-20:1.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. The present invention applies drought-resistant biological agents during planting. The drought-resistant biological agents include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus polymyxa. They can improve the soil structure during the growth of passion fruit plants, decompose organic matter in the soil, increase effective nutrients in the soil, and improve soil water and energy storage. At the same time, they can affect the abundance and composition of microbial communities related to the passion fruit root system, thereby affecting the effectiveness of soil nitrogen, effectively reducing nitrogen loss in the soil, and thus increasing the drought resistance and barrenness resistance of the passion fruit.

[0021] 2. Passion fruit leaves contain alkaloids, which can be extracted by the method of the present invention. The combined effect of adding chitosan can form a film containing alkaloids on the surface of the passion fruit plant. The film can reduce transpiration, enhance the cold resistance of the passion fruit, and have a good antifreeze effect on the passion fruit. The gel layer is rich in alkaloids, which slows down the speed of temperature reduction in the passion fruit at frosty nights, prevents the temperature of the main vine of the passion fruit from dropping too fast, and has a good anti-frost and anti-freeze effect. The antifreeze agent of the present invention is made from the cut passion fruit leaves, which can reduce costs and recycle the passion fruit leaves to make antifreeze agents with significant antifreeze effects.

[0022] 2. The method of the present invention can reduce the occurrence of passion fruit frost damage and improve the ability to resist drought and barrenness, thereby expanding the suitable planting area, reducing the amount of fertilizer applied, and reducing economic losses, with good economic and ecological benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0024] The test examples and comparative examples of the present invention were all carried out in Menghai County, Yunnan Province.

[0025] Test Example 1

[0026] Step 1, planting in March-April, applying drought-resistant biological agent during planting, 10g / plant, first mix the drought-resistant biological agent evenly into the soil, and then plant the passion fruit seedlings in the treated soil, 10g / plant; preferably, the drought-resistant biological agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus polymyxa in a mass ratio of 2:5:4:1.

[0027] Step 2: Before mid-October, lay straw around the passion fruit plant with the plant as the center and a radius of 0.5m. If conditions permit, wrap two layers of shade net around the plant with a height of 1-1.5m.

[0028] Step 3. At the end of October, cut off all the vines and leaves on the passion fruit seedlings, leaving only the main vine. Spray antifreeze once every half month until the weather warms up in early February of the following year.

[0029] The preparation method of the antifreeze comprises the following steps:

[0030] (1) washing the cut passion fruit leaves with distilled water, drying them, and grinding them into powder to obtain component 1;

[0031] (2) Add distilled water to component 1 (the mass ratio of component 1 to distilled water is 1:10-20), heat at 55°C for 15 min, filter, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain component 2;

[0032] (3) passing component 2 through a strong acid cation exchange resin, first eluting with deionized water, discarding the eluent, then eluting with ethanol, and recovering the solvent to obtain component 3;

[0033] (4) Add chitosan to component 3 to obtain an antifreeze agent. Preferably, the mass ratio of component 3 to chitosan is 10:1

[0034] Test Example 2

[0035] Step 1, planting in March-April, applying drought-resistant biological agent during planting, 10g / plant, first mix the drought-resistant biological agent evenly into the soil, and then plant the passion fruit seedlings in the treated soil, 10g / plant; preferably, the drought-resistant biological agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus polymyxa in a mass ratio of 2:5:4:1.

[0036] Step 2: Before mid-October, lay straw around the passion fruit plant with the plant as the center and a radius of 0.5m. If conditions permit, wrap two layers of shade net around the plant with a height of 1-1.5m.

[0037] Step 3. At the end of October, cut off all the vines and leaves on the passion fruit seedlings, leaving only the main vine. Spray antifreeze once every half month until the weather warms up in early February of the following year.

[0038] The preparation method of the antifreeze comprises the following steps:

[0039] (1) washing the cut passion fruit leaves with distilled water, drying them, and grinding them into powder to obtain component 1;

[0040] (2) Add distilled water to component 1 (the mass ratio of component 1 to distilled water is 1:15), heat at 60°C for 20 min, filter, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain component 2;

[0041] (3) passing component 2 through a strong acid cation exchange resin, first eluting with deionized water, discarding the eluent, then eluting with ethanol, and recovering the solvent to obtain component 3;

[0042] (4) Adding chitosan to component 3 to obtain an antifreeze agent. Preferably, the mass ratio of component 3 to chitosan is 15:1.

[0043] Test Example 3

[0044] Step 1, planting in March-April, applying drought-resistant biological agent during planting, 10g / plant, first mix the drought-resistant biological agent evenly into the soil, and then plant the passion fruit seedlings in the treated soil, 10g / plant; preferably, the drought-resistant biological agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus polymyxa in a mass ratio of 2:5:4:1.

[0045] Step 2: Before mid-October, lay straw around the passion fruit plant with the plant as the center and a radius of 0.5m. If conditions permit, wrap two layers of shade net around the plant with a height of 1-1.5m.

[0046] Step 3. At the end of October, cut off all the vines and leaves on the passion fruit seedlings, leaving only the main vine. Spray antifreeze once every half month until the weather warms up in early February of the following year.

[0047] The preparation method of the antifreeze comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) washing the cut passion fruit leaves with distilled water, drying them, and grinding them into powder to obtain component 1;

[0049] (2) Add distilled water to component 1 (the mass ratio of component 1 to distilled water is 1:20), heat at 70°C for 25 min, filter, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain component 2;

[0050] (3) passing component 2 through a strong acid cation exchange resin, first eluting with deionized water, discarding the eluent, then eluting with ethanol, and recovering the solvent to obtain component 3;

[0051] (4) Adding chitosan to component 3 to obtain an antifreeze agent. Preferably, the mass ratio of component 3 to chitosan is 20:1.

[0052] Comparative Example 1

[0053] Chinese invention patent application number 201910775710.4 discloses a method for overwintering passion fruit, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0054] (1) Pruning branches: Cut off all the vines and leaves on the passion fruit seedlings, leaving only the main vine.

[0055] (2) Making wood ash: Take miscellaneous wood and weeds and burn them into wood ash.

[0056] (3) Preparing mortar slurry: Take the wood ash prepared in step (2), add yellow mud in a weight ratio of 1:5, add water to make mortar slurry, and add water in an amount that ensures that the mortar slurry is fluid and can be sprayed out from a spray gun.

[0057] (4) Spraying onto branches: Use a spray gun to spray the mortar slurry prepared in step (3) onto the main vine of passion fruit. After the mortar slurry on the main vine is dry, spray it three more times.

[0058] (5) Covering: After all main vines are coated with plaster slurry, cover the passion fruit rack with plastic film to prevent heavy rain or ice and snow water from washing away the plaster slurry on the main vines.

[0059] The survival rate and yield of the passion fruit planted in Experimental Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 in the first year, as well as the yield in the second and third years after planting were counted respectively.

[0060]

[0061] The present invention applies drought-resistant biological agents during planting. The drought-resistant biological agents include Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus polymyxa. The drought-resistant biological agents can improve the soil structure during the growth of passion fruit plants, decompose organic matter in the soil, increase effective nutrients in the soil, and improve soil water and energy storage. At the same time, they can affect the abundance and composition of microbial communities related to the passion fruit root system, thereby affecting the effectiveness of soil nitrogen, effectively reducing nitrogen loss in the soil, and thus increasing the drought resistance and barrenness resistance of the passion fruit.

[0062] Passion fruit leaves contain alkaloids, which can be extracted by the method of the present invention, and then chitosan is added to form a thin film containing alkaloids on the surface of the passion fruit plant. The thin film can reduce transpiration, enhance the cold resistance of the passion fruit, and have a good antifreeze effect on the passion fruit. The gel layer is rich in alkaloids, which slows down the speed of temperature reduction of the passion fruit at night with frost, prevents the temperature of the main vine of the passion fruit from dropping too fast, and has a good anti-frost and anti-freeze effect. The antifreeze agent of the present invention is made from the cut passion fruit leaves, which can reduce costs, and the passion fruit leaves can be recycled to make the antifreeze agent, and the antifreeze effect is remarkable.

[0063] The method of the invention can reduce the occurrence of frost damage of passion fruit and improve the ability of drought resistance and barrenness resistance, thereby expanding the suitable planting area, reducing the amount of fertilizer applied, and reducing economic losses, and has good economic and ecological benefits.

[0064] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-restrictive in all respects, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the present invention.

[0065] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Planting in March-April, first mix the drought-resistant biological agent evenly into the soil, and then plant the passion fruit seedlings in the treated soil; Step 2: Before mid-October, lay straw around the passion fruit plant, centered around the plant; Step 3: At the end of October, cut off all the vines and leaves on the passion fruit seedlings, leaving only the main vines, and spray antifreeze once every half month until the climate warms up in early February of the following year; The preparation method of the antifreeze comprises the following steps: (1) washing the cut passion fruit leaves with distilled water, drying them, and grinding them into powder to obtain component 1; (2) Add distilled water to component 1, heat at 55-70°C for 15-25 minutes, filter, and concentrate under reduced pressure to obtain component 2; (3) passing component 2 through a strong acid or weak acid cation exchange resin, first eluting with deionized water, discarding the eluent, then eluting with ethanol, and recovering the solvent to obtain component 3; (4) Add chitosan to component 3 to obtain an antifreeze agent.

2. The method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the drought-resistant biological agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus polymyxa.

3. The method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus licheniformis and Paenibacillus polymyxa is 2:5:4:

1.

4. The method for improving the drought resistance, frost resistance and barrenness resistance of passion fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the mass ratio of component 3 to chitosan is 10-20:1.

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