Multifunctional detergent of ionic liquid type, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application provides an ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of lubricating oil additives.The ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent has a structure shown in formula I.The ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent has excellent high-temperature cleaning performance, mainly because the alkali metal carbonate in the composition of the detergent for neutralizing acid is replaced by an organic base functional group, so that the source of ash and oxidized deposits is completely eliminated; meanwhile, by constructing the ionic ashless detergent, a double-micelle structure of anions and cations is formed, so that the adsorption of oxidized deposits and worn particles is enhanced, and the colloidal stability of the detergent is improved; the structure of the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent contains N, O and S heteroatoms, the heteroatoms have lone electron pairs, and are easy to interact with metals, so that an ordered and compact boundary lubricating layer is formed on the surface of a friction pair, thereby effectively reducing friction and wear when the friction pair moves relatively, and excellent friction-reducing and wear-resisting performance is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lubricating oil additives, and in particular to an ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Detergents are commonly used additives in lubricants. They are generally oil solutions composed of stable loaded micelles (including sulfonates, alkylphenol salts, and alkyl salicylates) formed by alkali metal carbonates (calcium, barium, magnesium, and sodium, etc.) and surfactants adsorbed onto the carbonates, as well as free surfactant molecules and their micelles. Based on the carbonate content in the colloid, they can be classified as low, medium, and high alkalinity products. Detergents possess excellent detergency, dispersibility, and acid neutralization capabilities. They can remove oxidized deposits from mechanical parts or disperse insoluble particles in the oil as colloidal suspensions, thereby reducing equipment friction caused by oxidized deposits. Simultaneously, they neutralize the acidic substances generated by oxidation to control varnish, oxidized deposits, and corrosion.

[0003] Paradoxically, detergents, intended to control oxidative deposits, are themselves a major source of oxidative deposits and varnishes in liquid lubricants due to their unique colloidal structure. This is because the detergent micelle structure contains a large amount of alkali metal carbonates. When exposed to sustained high temperatures, moisture, polar substances, etc., the colloidal stability of the detergent deteriorates, causing the alkali metal carbonates to precipitate from the micelles and form high-temperature deposits and varnishes on the equipment surface. This increases friction, thereby increasing the energy consumption of moving machinery and shortening the service life of the lubricant. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ionic liquid-type multifunctional cleaning agent, its preparation method, and its application. The ionic liquid-type multifunctional cleaning agent provided by this invention has excellent high-temperature cleaning performance, is ash-free, and has excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides an ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent with the structure shown in Formula I:

[0007]

[0008] In Equation I, R 1 Selected from -C4H9, -C5H 11 -C6H 13 -C7H 15 -C8H 17 -C9H 19 or -C 10 H21 The R 1 It is a straight-chain alkane, R 2 Selected from saturated aliphatic alkanes, unsaturated aliphatic alkanes, phenyl, naphthyl or cycloalkanes, and X selected from benzenesulfonate, salicylate, naphthalenesulfonate, phosphate ester or sulfonate ester.

[0009] Preferably, the saturated and unsaturated aliphatic alkanes have 1 to 18 carbon atoms; the benzenesulfonate, salicylate, naphthalenesulfonate, phosphate ester, and sulfonate ester have the structures shown in formulas a to e in sequence:

[0010]

[0011] This invention provides a method for preparing the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent described above, comprising the following steps:

[0012] The quaternary ammonium salt, sodium salt and solvent are mixed and subjected to an ion exchange reaction to obtain the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent.

[0013] The quaternary ammonium salt has the structure shown in Formula II, where Y is a halogen; the anion of the sodium salt is benzenesulfonate, salicylate, naphthalenesulfonate, phosphate ester or sulfonate ester.

[0014]

[0015] Preferably, the method for preparing the quaternary ammonium salt includes the following steps:

[0016] Trialkylamine, haloalkane and solvent are mixed and quaternized under a protective atmosphere to obtain the quaternary ammonium salt;

[0017] The trialkylamine and the haloalkane have the structures shown in Formula III and Formula IV respectively:

[0018]

[0019] Preferably, the molar ratio of the trialkylamine to the haloalkane is 1:1.0 to 3.0; the quaternization reaction is carried out under reflux conditions for a reaction time of 12 to 96 h.

[0020] Preferably, the molar ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt to the sodium salt is 1:0.8 to 1.5.

[0021] Preferably, the ion exchange reaction is carried out at a temperature of 40–100°C for a time of 8–48 hours.

[0022] This invention provides the application of the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent described in the above technical solutions or the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent prepared by the above technical solutions as a basic lubricating oil additive.

[0023] The present invention also provides a lubricating oil, comprising a base lubricating oil and an additive, wherein the additive is the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent described in the above technical solutions or the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solutions.

[0024] Preferably, the base lubricating oil includes one or more of A51, NP451, PAO2, PAO10, PAO40, 150N, 150SN, 150BS, Yubase6, 500N, and 500SN, and the mass content of the additive in the lubricating oil is 0.1% to 10%.

[0025] This invention provides an ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent with the structure shown in Formula I. Compared with the prior art, the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] The ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent exhibits good oil solubility, is ashless and clean, and possesses excellent high-temperature cleaning performance. This is primarily because the present invention, through molecular design, replaces the alkali metal carbonate that plays a role in acid neutralization in the detergent composition with an organic base functional group (i.e., the group referred to by X) to obtain an ashless detergent, thereby completely eliminating the source of ash and oxidized deposits. Simultaneously, by designing and constructing an ionic ashless detergent, a cationic-anionic bilayer micelle structure is formed, thereby enhancing the adsorption of oxidized deposits and wear particles and improving the colloidal stability of the detergent. Furthermore, the structure of the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent contains N, O, and S heteroatoms. These heteroatoms have lone pairs of electrons, which readily interact with metals, forming an ordered and compact boundary lubrication layer on the surface of the friction pair. Therefore, it can effectively reduce friction and wear during relative movement of the friction pair, exhibiting excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties.

[0027] This invention provides a method for preparing the ionic liquid-type multifunctional cleaning agent described above, which has a simple synthesis route and low production cost. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides an ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent with the structure shown in Formula I:

[0029]

[0030] In Equation I, R 1 Selected from -C4H9, -C5H 11 -C6H 13 -C7H 15 -C8H 17 -C9H 19 or -C 10 H 21 The R 1 It is a straight-chain alkane, R 2Selected from saturated aliphatic alkanes, unsaturated aliphatic alkanes, phenyl, naphthyl or cycloalkanes, and X selected from benzenesulfonate, salicylate, naphthalenesulfonate, phosphate ester or sulfonate ester.

[0031] In this invention, the R 1 Preferred is -C7H 15 -C8H 17 or -C9H 19 In this invention, the R 2 Preferably, it is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alkane, wherein the saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alkane preferably has 1 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 16; the R 2 Further preferably, it is methyl or hexadecyl. In this invention, the benzenesulfonate is preferably dodecylbenzenesulfonate (formula a), the salicylate is preferably 4-dodecylsalicylate (formula b), the naphthalenesulfonate is preferably 5-dodecylnaphthalenesulfonate (formula c), the phosphate ester is preferably di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (formula d), and the sulfonate ester is preferably docusate (formula e).

[0032]

[0033] This invention utilizes molecular design to replace the alkali metal carbonates that neutralize acids in detergents with organic base functional groups, thereby obtaining an ashless detergent and completely eliminating the source of ash and oxidized deposits. Simultaneously, by designing and constructing an ionic ashless detergent, a cationic-anionic bilayer micelle structure is formed, enhancing the adsorption of oxidized deposits and wear particles and improving the colloidal stability of the detergent. Furthermore, the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent contains N, O, and S heteroatoms, which possess lone pairs of electrons and readily interact with metals, forming an ordered and compact boundary lubrication layer on the surface of the friction pair. Therefore, it effectively reduces friction and wear during relative movement of the friction pair, exhibiting excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties.

[0034] This invention provides a method for preparing the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent described above, comprising the following steps:

[0035] The quaternary ammonium salt, sodium salt and solvent are mixed and subjected to an ion exchange reaction to obtain the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent.

[0036] The quaternary ammonium salt has the structure shown in Formula II, where Y is a halogen; the anion of the sodium salt is benzenesulfonate, salicylate, naphthalenesulfonate, phosphate ester or sulfonate ester.

[0037]

[0038] First, the quaternary ammonium salt will be explained.

[0039] In this invention, the quaternary ammonium salt has the structure shown in Formula II; in Formula II, R 1 and R 2 Respectively with R in the structure shown in Equation I 1 and R 2 To maintain consistency, this will not be elaborated further; in Formula II, Y is a halogen, preferably bromine or chlorine.

[0040] This invention does not have any particular requirements regarding the source of the quaternary ammonium salt; commercially available products well-known in the art or those prepared in-house can be used. In this invention, the preparation method of the quaternary ammonium salt preferably includes the following steps:

[0041] Trialkylamine, haloalkanes and solvents are mixed and quaternized under a protective atmosphere to obtain the quaternary ammonium salt.

[0042] In this invention, the trialkylamine and the haloalkane have the structures shown in Formula III and Formula IV, respectively:

[0043]

[0044] In this invention, R in the structure shown in Formula III 1 With R in Equation II 1 To maintain consistency, R in the structure shown in Equation IV 2 And Y and R in Equation II 2 It remains consistent with Y, and will not be elaborated further here.

[0045] In this invention, the molar ratio of the trialkylamine to the haloalkane is preferably 1:1.0 to 3.0, more preferably 1:1.2 to 2.0. In this invention, the solvent is preferably acetonitrile. This invention does not have particular requirements on the amount of solvent used, as long as the dissolution of the raw materials and the smooth progress of the reaction are ensured. Preferably, in this invention, the trialkylamine, haloalkane, and solvent are added sequentially to the reaction vessel.

[0046] In this invention, the protective atmosphere is preferably a nitrogen atmosphere, the quaternization reaction is preferably carried out under reflux conditions, and the reaction time is preferably 12-96 h, more preferably 24-72 h.

[0047] After the quaternization reaction is completed, the present invention preferably performs post-treatment on the resulting reaction solution, and the preferred method for post-treatment is as follows:

[0048] The resulting reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. Petroleum ether was added to the resulting concentrate, and the mixture was sonicated and allowed to stand to separate into layers. The solid was collected by solid-liquid separation. The solid was recrystallized in petroleum ether to obtain the quaternary ammonium salt (white solid product).

[0049] The preparation method of the ionic liquid-type multifunctional cleaning agent is described in detail below.

[0050] In this invention, the anion of the sodium salt is benzenesulfonate, salicylate, naphthalenesulfonate, phosphate ester, or sulfonate ester, more preferably an anion of any of formulas a to e. In this invention, the molar ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt to the sodium salt is preferably 1:0.8 to 1.5, more preferably 1:0.9 to 1.2. In this invention, the solvent is preferably one or more of methanol, ethanol, and water, more preferably ethanol. This invention does not have particular requirements on the amount of solvent used, as long as it ensures the dissolution of the raw materials and the smooth progress of the reaction. Preferably, the quaternary ammonium salt, sodium salt, and solvent are added sequentially to the reaction vessel.

[0051] In this invention, the temperature of the ion exchange reaction is preferably 40-100°C, more preferably 60-90°C, and the time is preferably 8-48h, more preferably 12-36h; the ion exchange reaction is preferably carried out under stirring conditions.

[0052] After the ion exchange reaction is completed, the present invention preferably performs post-treatment on the resulting reaction solution, and the preferred method for post-treatment is as follows:

[0053] The reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, extracted with dichlorohexane, and the organic phase was collected.

[0054] The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation of the organic phase, and the resulting concentrate was dried to obtain a pure and clear quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid, which is the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent.

[0055] In this invention, the extraction is preferably performed three times, and the drying is preferably vacuum drying.

[0056] The preparation method provided by this invention has a simple synthesis route, low production cost, and simple post-processing.

[0057] This invention provides the application of the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent described in the above technical solutions, or the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent prepared by the above preparation methods, as a basic lubricating oil additive. The ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent provided by this invention exhibits excellent high-temperature cleaning performance, is ash-free, and possesses excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties, enabling its effective application as a lubricating oil additive.

[0058] The present invention also provides a lubricating oil, comprising a base lubricating oil and an additive, wherein the additive is the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent described in the above technical solutions or the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solutions.

[0059] In this invention, the base lubricating oil preferably includes one or more of A51, NP451, PAO2, PAO10, PAO40, 150N, 150SN, 150BS, Yubase6, 500N, and 500SN, more preferably 150SN or PAO2. In this invention, the mass content of the additive in the lubricating oil is preferably 0.1% to 10%, more preferably 1% to 4%, specifically 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4%.

[0060] The present invention does not have any special requirements for the preparation method of the lubricating oil; the additive can be dissolved in the base lubricating oil.

[0061] To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description, in conjunction with examples, of the ionic liquid-type multifunctional cleaning agent, its preparation method, and its application, should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] [N 8,8,8,1 Preparation of [SDBS] ionic liquid: 20.208 g (0.05 mol) of methyltrioctylammonium chloride and 17.4238 g (0.05 mol) of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added to a 500 mL round-bottom flask, and 250 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added as solvent. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 80 °C for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, extracted three times with dichloromethane, and the organic phase was collected. The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation, and the mixture was dried under vacuum to obtain a pure and clear quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid, denoted as [N...]. 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] ionic liquid, yield 87%. The NMR data of the obtained ionic liquid are as follows:

[0064] 1 H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.74(d,J=8.0Hz,2H),7.05(dd,J=20.2,8.1Hz,2H),3.31-3.21(m ,6H),3.16(s,3H),2.51(d,J=97.2Hz,2H),1.58(s,8H),1.24(d,J=25.8Hz,48H),0.83(s,12H).

[0065] Example 2

[0066] [N 8,8,8,16 Preparation of [SDBS] ionic liquids:

[0067] First, 35.367 g (0.1 mol) of trioctylamine and 45.8025 g (0.15 mol) of hexadecyl bromide were added to a 500 mL round-bottom flask, and 250 mL of acetonitrile was added as solvent. The mixture was refluxed under N2 protection for 72 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation, petroleum ether was added, and the mixture was allowed to stand under ultrasonication. Solid-liquid separation was performed, and the solid phase was recrystallized from petroleum ether to obtain a white solid product, trioctylhexadecylammonium bromide [N2]. 8,8,8,16 ]Br, yield 80%.

[0068] Then, 32.95g (0.05mol) [N 8,8,8,16 Br and 17.4238 g (0.05 mol) of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate were added to a 500 mL round-bottom flask, and 250 mL of anhydrous ethanol was added as a solvent. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 80 °C for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, extracted three times with dichloromethane, and the organic phase was collected. The solvent was removed by vacuum distillation, and the mixture was dried under vacuum to obtain a pure and clear quaternary ammonium salt ionic liquid, denoted as [N]. 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] ionic liquid, yield 91%. The NMR data of the obtained ionic liquid are as follows:

[0069] 1 H NMR(500MHz,Chloroform-d)δ8.13(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.40(dd,J=20.0,8.1Hz,2H),3.60 (s,8H),2.76(s,1H),2.53(s,1H),1.94(s,10H),1.62(d,J=40.4Hz,74H),1.20(s,15H).

[0070] Example 3

[0071] In Example 1, [N] 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] Ionic liquids were dissolved in 250 mL of PAO2 base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 min to fully dissolve. A high-temperature detergency test was then conducted under the following conditions: crankcase simulation test (plate temperature 300°C / oil temperature 150°C / 6 h), test standard: SH / T 0300-92. The adhesive weight (mg) was measured after the experiment, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1. [N] of Example 1 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] Results of high-temperature detergency test of oil products with added ionic liquids to PAO2 base oils

[0073] sample 0wt% 1wt% 2wt% 3wt% 4wt% <![CDATA[PAO2+[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 56mg 36.3mg 20.5mg 26.7mg 28.8mg

[0074] Example 4

[0075] In Example 1, [N] 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] was dissolved in 250 mL of 150SN base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 min to fully dissolve. A high-temperature detergency test was then conducted under the following conditions: coking plate test (180°C / 1.5 rpm / 1 h), test standard: TAL 004-2023. After the experiment, the gum weight was measured in mg. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0076] Table 2 [N] of Example 1 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] Results of high-temperature detergency test of oil products with added ionic liquid to 150SN base oil

[0077] sample 0wt% 1wt% 2wt% 3wt% 4wt% <![CDATA[150SN+[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 99.7mg 67.6mg 41mg 55.7mg 62.6mg

[0078] Example 5

[0079] In Example 2, [N] 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] Ionic liquids were dissolved in 250 mL of PAO2 base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 min to fully dissolve. A high-temperature detergency test was then conducted under the following conditions: crankcase simulation test (plate temperature 300°C / oil temperature 150°C / 6 h), test standard: SH / T 0300-92. The adhesive weight (mg) was measured after the experiment, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0080] Table 3. [N] of Example 2 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] Results of high-temperature detergency test of oil products with added ionic liquids to PAO2 base oils

[0081] sample 0wt% 1wt% 2wt% 3wt% 4wt% <![CDATA[PAO2+[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 56mg 8.9mg 18.1mg 37.4mg 39.2mg

[0082] Example 6

[0083] In Example 2, [N] 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] was dissolved in 150 mL of 150SN base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 min to fully dissolve. A high-temperature detergency test was then conducted under the following conditions: coking plate test (180°C / 1.5 rpm / 1 h), test standard: TAL 004-2023. The gum weight (mg) was measured after the experiment, and the results are shown in Table 4.

[0084] Table 4. [N] of Example 2 8,8,8,16[SDBS] Results of high-temperature detergency test of oil products with added ionic liquid to 150SN base oil

[0085] sample 0wt% 1wt% 2wt% 3wt% 4wt% <![CDATA[150SN+[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 99.7mg 61.1mg 31.5mg 52.5mg 59.3mg

[0086] Example 7

[0087] In Example 1, [N] 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] was dissolved in PAO2 base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 minutes to fully dissolve. Tribological performance tests were then conducted under the following conditions: load 200 N, temperature 25°C, frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, and test time 30 minutes. The upper test ball was a Φ10 mm AISI 52100 steel ball. In the steel / steel friction pair, the lower sample was a Φ24 mm, 7.9 mm thick AISI 52100 steel block with a hardness of 700–750 HV. The wear volume of the lower sample was measured using a fully automated true-color confocal microscope (DCM8).

[0088] The results of the friction performance test are shown in Table 5:

[0089] Table 5. [N] of Example 1 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] Tribological Performance Test Results of Oils with Ionic Liquid Added to PAO2 Base Oil

[0090] sample Average coefficient of friction <![CDATA[Average wear volume / 10 -4 mm 3 > PAO2 0.277 134.47708 <![CDATA[PAO2+1wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.160 21.34361 <![CDATA[PAO2+2wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.154 20.81938 <![CDATA[PAO2+3wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.155 21.47854 <![CDATA[PAO2+4wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.158 23.24927

[0091] Example 8

[0092] In Example 1, [N] 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] was dissolved in 150SN base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 minutes to fully dissolve. Tribological performance tests were then conducted under the following conditions: load 200 N, temperature 25°C, frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, and test time 30 minutes. The upper test ball was a Φ10 mm AISI 52100 steel ball. In the steel / steel friction pair, the lower sample was a Φ24 mm, 7.9 mm thick AISI 52100 steel block with a hardness of 700–750 HV. The wear volume of the lower sample was measured using a fully automated true-color confocal microscope (DCM8).

[0093] The results of the friction performance test are shown in Table 6:

[0094] Table 6. [N] of Example 1 8,8,8,1 [SDBS] Tribological Performance Test Results of Oils with Ionic Liquid Added to 150SN Base Oil

[0095] sample Average coefficient of friction <![CDATA[Average wear volume / 10 -4 mm 3 > 150SN 0.209 7.42815 <![CDATA[150SN+1wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.179 7.22645 <![CDATA[150SN+2wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.12 4.43012 <![CDATA[150SN+3wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.111 4.67127 <![CDATA[150SN+4wt%[N 8,8,8,1 ][SDBS]]]> 0.111 4.76202

[0096] Example 9

[0097] In Example 2, [N] 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] was dissolved in PAO2 base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 minutes to fully dissolve. Tribological performance tests were then conducted under the following conditions: load 200 N, temperature 25°C, frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, and test time 30 minutes. The upper test ball was a Φ10 mm AISI 52100 steel ball. In the steel / steel friction pair, the lower sample was a Φ24 mm, 7.9 mm thick AISI 52100 steel block with a hardness of 700–750 HV. The wear volume of the lower sample was measured using a fully automated true-color confocal microscope (DCM8).

[0098] The results of the friction performance test are shown in Table 7:

[0099] Table 7. [N] of Example 2 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] Tribological Performance Test Results of Oils with Ionic Liquid Added to PAO2 Base Oil

[0100] sample Average coefficient of friction <![CDATA[Average wear volume / 10 -4 mm 3 > PAO2 0.27719 134.47708 <![CDATA[PAO2+1wt%[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 0.115 10.42157 <![CDATA[PAO2+2wt%[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 0.109 8.87524 <![CDATA[PAO2+3wt%[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 0.107 12.75958 <![CDATA[PAO2+4wt%[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 0.109 13.09669

[0101] Example 10

[0102] In Example 2, [N] 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] was dissolved in 150SN base oil at mass fractions of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, and 4.0%, respectively, and heated at 80°C for 30 minutes to fully dissolve. Tribological performance tests were then conducted under the following conditions: load 200 N, temperature 25°C, frequency 25 Hz, amplitude 1 mm, and test time 30 minutes. The upper test ball was a Φ10 mm AISI 52100 steel ball. In the steel / steel friction pair, the lower sample was a Φ24 mm, 7.9 mm thick AISI 52100 steel block with a hardness of 700–750 HV. The wear volume of the lower sample was measured using a fully automated true-color confocal microscope (DCM8).

[0103] The results of the friction performance test are shown in Table 8:

[0104] Table 8. [N] of Example 2 8,8,8,16 [SDBS] Tribological Performance Test Results of Oils with Ionic Liquid Added to 150SN Base Oil

[0105] sample Average coefficient of friction <![CDATA[Average wear volume / 10 -4 mm 3 > 150SN 0.209 7.42815 <![CDATA[150SN+1wt%[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 0.188 6.92673 <![CDATA[150SN+2wt%[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 0.113 3.46167 <![CDATA[150SN+3wt%[N 8,8,8,16 [SDBS]]]> 0.106 1.92633 <![CDATA[150SN+4wt%[N 8,8,8,16 ][SDBS]]]> 0.109 3.00069

[0106] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent provided by the present invention has excellent high-temperature cleaning performance, is ash-free and cleans effectively, and also has excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties.

[0107] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent, characterized in that, It has the structure shown in Equation I: In Equation I, R 1 Selected from -C4H9, -C5H 11 -C6H 13 -C7H 15 -C8H 17 -C9H 19 or -C 10 H 21 The R 1 It is a straight-chain alkane, R 2 The carbon atom is selected from saturated aliphatic alkanes, wherein the saturated aliphatic alkanes have 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and X is selected from benzenesulfonate, wherein the benzenesulfonate has the structure shown in formula a: 。 2. The preparation method of the ionic liquid-type multifunctional detergent according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The quaternary ammonium salt, sodium salt and solvent are mixed and subjected to an ion exchange reaction to obtain the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent. The quaternary ammonium salt has the structure shown in Formula II, where Y is a halogen; the anion of the sodium salt is benzenesulfonate.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation method of the quaternary ammonium salt includes the following steps: Trialkylamine, haloalkane and solvent are mixed and quaternized under a protective atmosphere to obtain the quaternary ammonium salt; The trialkylamine and the haloalkane have the structures shown in Formula III and Formula IV respectively: YR 2 Formula IV.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the trialkylamine to the haloalkane is 1:1.0 to 3.0; the quaternization reaction is carried out under reflux conditions for 12 to 96 hours.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the quaternary ammonium salt to the sodium salt is 1:0.8 to 1.

5.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2 or 5, characterized in that, The ion exchange reaction is carried out at a temperature of 40–100°C for a duration of 8–48 h.

7. The application of the ionic liquid multifunctional detergent according to claim 1 or the ionic liquid multifunctional detergent prepared by any one of claims 2 to 6 as a basic lubricating oil additive.

8. A lubricating oil, characterized in that, It includes a base lubricant and an additive, wherein the additive is the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent as described in claim 1 or the ionic liquid type multifunctional detergent prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 2 to 6.

9. The lubricating oil according to claim 8, characterized in that, The base lubricating oil includes one or more of A51, NP451, PAO2, PAO10, PAO40, 150N, 150SN, 150BS, Yubase6, 500N, and 500SN, and the mass content of the additives in the lubricating oil is 0.1% to 10%.

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