Multi-benchmark observation method and stratum identification method based on seismic physical simulation

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-benchmark surface observation method and a stratum identification method based on seismic physical simulation. The multi-benchmark surface observation method comprises the following steps: generating a multi-benchmark physical model layer by layer; determining the position of a target layer and the position of at least one special stratum in the multi-benchmark physical model; when the target layer is generated, performing first observation with the top interface of the target layer as a benchmark and performing imaging processing on the target layer and each stratum below the target layer; generating special strata in sequence, and whenever each special stratum is generated, performing observation with the top interface of the special stratum as a benchmark and performing imaging processing on the special stratum and each stratum below the special stratum until the generation of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed; taking the imaging result of the final imaging processing as a final seismic profile corresponding to the multi-benchmark physical model; and achieving accurate imaging of a deep target layer and identification of at least one stratum in a research region, thereby improving stratum identification precision and a drilling success rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of earthquake physics simulation and earthquake imaging research technology, and in particular to a multi-reference surface observation method and a stratigraphic identification method based on earthquake physics simulation. Background Technology

[0002] Current field seismic exploration is limited. Whether on land or at sea, excitation and reception are conducted near the surface. It's impossible to place the excitation and reception source at the top interface of a specific underground stratum. Therefore, there is only a single surface observation reference surface. The received composite wave field is formed when seismic waves originate from the surface excitation point, pass through near-surface, shallow, medium, and deep strata to reach the target layer, and then reflect back to the surface geophone. Each stratum the seismic wave passes through modifies its amplitude, frequency, and energy. This is especially true when there are special strata in the work area, including near-surface, coal seams, gypsum, igneous rocks, salt domes, and fault zones. These strata have significant impedance differences from the surrounding rock, which not only strongly shield the energy of the underlying strata but also generate numerous inter-layer multiples that interfere with the effective deep signal. Currently, deep and ultra-deep seismic imaging in complex structural exploration areas is a world-class research challenge. Because the wave fields of various strata in complex structures overlap, accurate imaging and reservoir identification are difficult, resulting in extremely high well placement risks and a high demand for advanced imaging technology.

[0003] To address the challenges of deep and ultra-deep seismic imaging in complex geological formations, current research employs seismic physical model simulations. However, current simulations use the model's surface as the sole reference plane, acquiring composite wavefields from all strata in a single acquisition, similar to actual earthquakes. Subsequent processing techniques are then tested to improve the imaging quality of the model data, thus guiding practical production. Currently, it's impossible to quantify the specific impact of each stratum on deep imaging; only techniques to improve signal-to-noise ratio are developed, which doesn't meet the demands of production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a multi-reference surface observation method and a stratigraphic identification method based on seismic physical simulation to overcome or at least partially solve the above problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation, comprising:

[0006] Based on the pre-designed velocity-depth model, the corresponding multi-reference surface physical model is generated layer by layer in order from the bottom layer to the top layer.

[0007] Determine the location of the target layer in the multi-reference surface physical model, and the location of at least one specific stratum above the target layer;

[0008] When the target layer is generated, the top interface of the target layer is used as the reference plane for the first observation. The observation data corresponding to the first observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to the first observation is processed using a preset gather processing strategy. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the target layer are used to perform imaging processing on the target layer and the strata below it.

[0009] The special strata are generated sequentially. Each time a special strata is generated, the top interface of the special strata is used as the reference surface for observation. The observation data corresponding to this observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to this observation is compared with the observation data corresponding to the previous observation to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special strata. The quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics are used as the increment to adjust the gather processing strategy. The adjusted gather processing strategy is then used to process the observation data corresponding to this observation. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the special strata are used to image the special strata and the strata below it until the generation and imaging of the uppermost special strata are completed.

[0010] During the imaging processing of the target layer and the special strata, a preset velocity modeling strategy is used to sequentially form the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference surface. Whenever the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each reference surface is completed, the processed gather result data and the calculated velocity-depth model data corresponding to each reference surface are used to perform imaging processing on the strata corresponding to each reference surface and the strata below it. The obtained imaging processing data is compared with the imaging processing data corresponding to the designed velocity-depth model to determine the quantitative parameters for velocity calculation of each special stratum. The quantitative parameters for velocity calculation are used as increments to adjust the velocity modeling strategy until the velocity-depth model of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed.

[0011] The imaging result obtained by the final imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum is used as the final seismic profile corresponding to the multi-reference surface physical model.

[0012] In one embodiment, the step of processing the observation data corresponding to the first observation using a preset gather processing strategy, and then using the processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the target layer to perform imaging processing on the target layer and all strata below it, includes:

[0013] The observation data corresponding to the first observation is processed using a gather processing strategy to obtain the corresponding gather result data.

[0014] The velocity modeling strategy is used to perform velocity modeling processing on the gather result data to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling result data.

[0015] Using the gather results data and the velocity modeling results data, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed on the target layer and the strata below it to obtain the imaging results corresponding to the target layer and the strata below it.

[0016] In one embodiment, the process of processing the observation data corresponding to this observation using the adjusted gather processing strategy, and then using the processed gather results data and the designed velocity-depth model corresponding to the special stratum to perform imaging processing on the special stratum and the strata below it, includes:

[0017] The adjusted gather processing strategy was used to process the observation data corresponding to the special strata in this observation to obtain the corresponding gather result data.

[0018] The adjusted velocity modeling strategy is used to perform velocity modeling processing on the gather result data to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling result data.

[0019] Using the gather results data and the velocity modeling results data, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed on the special strata and the strata below them in this observation to obtain the imaging results corresponding to the special strata and the strata below them in this observation.

[0020] In one embodiment, the gather processing strategy includes:

[0021] Perform one or more of the following processing steps: noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing, along with the corresponding quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics.

[0022] The corresponding quantitative parameters of interference features are one or more quantitative parameters of interference features corresponding to one or more processing steps in the noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing.

[0023] In one embodiment, a preset velocity modeling strategy is used to sequentially form the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference plane, including:

[0024] Once the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each datum is completed, the processed gather results data and the initial velocity model data corresponding to each datum are used to perform grid tomography inversion calculation and special stratum velocity inversion calculation to obtain the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each datum.

[0025] The initial velocity model is established using the gather results data.

[0026] In one embodiment, the design process of the velocity-depth model includes:

[0027] Based on the geological framework of the research area, a velocity-depth model profile was designed.

[0028] Determine the depth range of each stratum in the research area, and adjust the depth range of each stratum in the designed velocity-depth model profile to be consistent with the depth range of each stratum in the research area.

[0029] The velocity values ​​of each stratum in the geological framework of the research area are obtained, and the velocity values ​​are filled into each stratum of the velocity-depth model profile to establish the velocity-depth model.

[0030] Determine the scale of the velocity-depth model, and scale the dimensions of the geological framework of the study area to the dimensions of the velocity-depth model based on the scale.

[0031] In one embodiment, the special stratum includes:

[0032] Any one or more of the following: near-surface strata, strata with reversed strata velocity, high-velocity strata, large fault strata, and fracture zones.

[0033] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a stratigraphic identification method, comprising:

[0034] Using the final adjusted gather processing strategy obtained during the generation and imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum as described in the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method, gather processing is performed on the seismic data to be identified collected in the study area to obtain the corresponding gather result data.

[0035] Velocity modeling is performed using the velocity modeling strategy in the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method and the gather result data to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling result data.

[0036] Based on the gather results and velocity modeling results, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed to obtain the seismic profile corresponding to the seismic data.

[0037] Based on the seismic profile, at least one stratum within the study area corresponding to the seismic data to be identified is identified.

[0038] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a multi-reference surface observation device based on seismic physical simulation, comprising:

[0039] The generation module is used to generate the corresponding multi-reference surface physical model layer by layer according to the pre-designed velocity-depth model, in order from the bottom layer to the top layer.

[0040] The determination module is used to determine the location of the target layer in the multi-reference surface physical model, and the location of at least one special stratum above the target layer;

[0041] The first imaging module is used to perform the first observation with the top interface of the target layer as the reference plane when the target layer is generated, record the observation data corresponding to the first observation, process the observation data corresponding to the first observation using a preset gather processing strategy, and perform imaging processing on the target layer and the strata below it using the processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the target layer.

[0042] The second imaging module is used to sequentially create the special strata. Each time a special stratum is created, the top interface of the special stratum is used as the reference surface for observation. The observation data corresponding to this observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to this observation is compared with the observation data corresponding to the previous observation to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special stratum. The quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics are used as the increment to adjust the gather processing strategy. The adjusted gather processing strategy is then used to process the observation data corresponding to this observation. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the special stratum are used to perform imaging processing on the special stratum and the strata below it until the creation and imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum are completed.

[0043] The third imaging module is used to sequentially form a calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference surface during the imaging processing of the target layer and the special strata using a preset velocity modeling strategy. Whenever the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each reference surface is completed, the processed gather result data and the calculated velocity-depth model data corresponding to each reference surface are used to perform imaging processing on the strata corresponding to each reference surface and the strata below it. The obtained imaging processing data is compared with the imaging processing data corresponding to the designed velocity-depth model to determine the quantitative parameters for velocity calculation of each special stratum. The quantitative parameters for velocity calculation are used as an increment to adjust the velocity modeling strategy until the velocity-depth model of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed.

[0044] The profile imaging module is used to take the final imaging result of the uppermost special stratum as the final seismic profile corresponding to the multi-reference surface physical model.

[0045] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a stratum identification device, comprising:

[0046] The gather processing module is used to process the seismic data to be identified collected in the study area using the final adjusted gather processing strategy obtained during the generation and imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum in the multi-reference surface observation method as described in any one of claims 1-3, and to obtain the corresponding gather result data.

[0047] A velocity modeling processing module is used to perform velocity modeling processing using the velocity modeling strategy in the multi-reference surface observation method as described in any one of claims 1-3 and the gather result data, to obtain corresponding velocity modeling result data.

[0048] The imaging processing module is used to perform pre-stack depth migration imaging processing based on the gather results data and the velocity modeling results data to obtain the seismic profile map corresponding to the seismic data.

[0049] The identification module is used to identify at least one stratum within the study area corresponding to the seismic data to be identified, based on the seismic profile.

[0050] Fifthly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation, or the aforementioned stratigraphic identification method.

[0051] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product, the computer program product including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation, or the aforementioned stratigraphic identification method.

[0052] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0053] The multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation provided in this invention generates a multi-reference surface physical model layer by layer according to a pre-designed velocity-depth model. During the generation of the multi-reference surface physical model, multiple observations are conducted on the target layer and the reference surfaces corresponding to each special stratum, and the observation data is recorded. Then, the strata are imaged based on the recorded observation data to finally obtain the corresponding seismic profile map. The seismic profile map can show the morphology and velocity values ​​of each stratum. By observing multiple reference surfaces, the influence of each special stratum on the deep target layer can be quantified. Targeted processing techniques can be formulated for each special stratum to quantitatively eliminate the influence of each special stratum on the deep target layer and ensure accurate imaging of the deep target layer.

[0054] The formation identification method provided in this invention can image the seismic data collected in the study area to obtain the corresponding seismic profile. By using the obtained seismic profile, at least one formation in the study area can be identified, which improves the accuracy of formation identification in the study area, thereby increasing the success rate of well site deployment. It provides reliable data support for reservoir prediction and well site selection, and can significantly reduce the cost of subsequent drilling failures and improve the drilling success rate.

[0055] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0056] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0057] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0058] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a seismic profile in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of observation and acquisition at different reference surfaces in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic wave morphology of the target layer obtained from different reference planes in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the stratigraphic identification method in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a multi-reference surface observation device based on earthquake physical simulation in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 7 This is a structural block diagram of the stratum identification device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0065] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0066] In order to more accurately observe and image at least one stratum within the study area and to identify at least one stratum within the study area, this invention provides a multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation, as well as a stratum identification method.

[0067] The multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation provided by this invention can use the top interface of any stratum as the observation reference surface, thus quantifying the influence of each stratum on the deep target layer. It can formulate targeted processing techniques for each stratum and calibrate the actual seismic strata corresponding to the model imaging characteristics, which greatly improves the recognition of seismic profiles and the success rate of well location deployment. It can significantly reduce the cost of subsequent drilling failures and has good application prospects and technological leadership.

[0068] Firstly, this embodiment of the invention provides a multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation, referring to... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0069] S11. Based on the pre-designed velocity-depth model, generate the corresponding multi-reference surface physical model layer by layer in the order from the bottom layer to the top layer.

[0070] S12. Determine the location of the target layer in the multi-reference surface physical model, and the location of at least one special stratum above the target layer;

[0071] S13. When the target layer is generated, the top interface of the target layer is used as the reference plane for the first observation. The observation data corresponding to the first observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to the first observation is processed using a preset gather processing strategy. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the target layer are used to perform imaging processing on the target layer and the strata below it.

[0072] S14. The special strata are generated sequentially. Each time a special strata is generated, the top interface of the special strata is used as the reference surface for observation. The observation data corresponding to this observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to this observation is compared with the observation data corresponding to the previous observation to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special strata. The quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics are used as the increment to adjust the gather processing strategy. The adjusted gather processing strategy is then used to process the observation data corresponding to this observation. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the special strata are used to perform imaging processing on the special strata and the strata below it until the generation and imaging processing of the uppermost special strata are completed.

[0073] S15. During the imaging processing of the target layer and the special strata, a preset velocity modeling strategy is used to sequentially form the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference surface. Whenever the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each reference surface is completed, the processed gather result data and the calculated velocity-depth model data corresponding to each reference surface are used to perform imaging processing on the strata corresponding to each reference surface and the strata below it. The obtained imaging processing data is compared with the imaging processing data corresponding to the designed velocity-depth model to determine the quantitative parameters for velocity calculation of each special stratum. The quantitative parameters for velocity calculation are used as an increment to adjust the velocity modeling strategy until the velocity-depth model of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed.

[0074] S16. The imaging result obtained by the final imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum is used as the final seismic profile map corresponding to the multi-reference surface physical model.

[0075] In embodiments of the present invention, special formations may include, for example, the following four types of formations:

[0076] (1) The near-surface strata are an important special strata. When the surface layer is relatively loose, it has a strong absorption and attenuation effect. When the surface of the high and steep strata is exposed, the conditions for excitation and reception are poor, and the energy of seismic waves is lost at the near-surface.

[0077] (2) The strata exhibit velocity reversal, that is, the strata at a certain depth underground show a decrease in velocity to varying degrees relative to the overlying strata. Under such circumstances, interlayer multiples will be generated to varying degrees, and the multiples will cause significant changes to the seismic waves of the target layer in the middle and deep layers.

[0078] (3) High-velocity strata such as gypsum, igneous rocks, and salt domes are also an important type of special strata. Their velocities are significantly higher than those of the strata above and below, resulting in strong energy absorption. Furthermore, these rocks are generally not distributed in layers, and their thickness varies rapidly in space, leading to large variations in lateral velocity and complicating the propagation path of seismic waves. In addition, low-velocity coal seams are also a special type of strata, often existing as low-velocity interlayers within the strata, which generate strong energy shielding and multiple waves.

[0079] (4) Major faults and fracture zones: Faults can cause different scales of movement of strata on both sides of the fault, resulting in lateral changes in velocity, which is an important source of tectonic illusions.

[0080] In this embodiment of the invention, when conducting multi-reference surface observations, not every stratum above the deep target layer needs to be observed. Normal strata have a relatively small impact on the target layer, and conventional processing procedures can eliminate their impact. Therefore, it is only necessary to identify and calibrate the special strata in the research area, and use the top interface of each special stratum as the observation reference surface to complete multiple three-dimensional observations.

[0081] The aforementioned multi-datum observation method first generates corresponding multi-datum physical models layer by layer from the bottom to the top according to a pre-designed velocity-depth model. That is, the multi-datum physical models are generated from deep to shallow. Moreover, during the generation process, the generation and observation of strata in the multi-datum physical models are interactive. After the corresponding strata are generated, the top interface of the stratum is used as the datum for a first acquisition observation, and the corresponding observation data is recorded. The observation data can be, for example, three-dimensional single-shot data. During the layer-by-layer generation of the multi-datum physical model, when a deep target layer is generated, such as a stratum containing oil and gas resources, the top interface of the target layer is used as the datum for the first observation, and the observation data of the target layer corresponding to the first observation is recorded. Then, the observation data of the target layer is processed using a preset gather processing strategy, and imaging processing is performed on the processed gather results. After imaging processing, the imaging results of the target layer and the strata below it can be obtained. Through the imaging results, the stratigraphic morphology and the corresponding strata velocity values ​​of the target layer and the strata below it can be obtained.

[0082] After completing the observation and imaging of the target layer, the multi-reference surface physical model is generated. Above the target layer, at least one special stratum is included. This special stratum is generated sequentially. Each time a special stratum is generated, its top interface is used as the reference surface for observation. The corresponding observation data is recorded, and this data is compared with the original data from the previous observation to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special stratum. Based on these parameters, the gather processing strategy is adjusted, and the adjusted strategy is used to process the observation data. The processed gather data is then used to image the special stratum and all strata below it. The imaging results of the special stratum and all strata below it are obtained. This process is repeated for each new special stratum until the uppermost special stratum is generated and imaged, yielding the imaging results of the uppermost special stratum and all strata below it.

[0083] During the imaging processing of the target layer and the special strata, a preset velocity modeling strategy is used to sequentially form the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference surface. Whenever the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each reference surface is completed, the processed gather result data and the calculated velocity-depth model data corresponding to each reference surface are used to perform imaging processing on the strata corresponding to each reference surface and the strata below it. The obtained imaging processing data is compared with the imaging processing data corresponding to the designed velocity-depth model to determine the quantitative parameters for velocity calculation of each special stratum. The quantitative parameters for velocity calculation are used as increments to adjust the velocity modeling strategy until the velocity-depth model of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed.

[0084] The final imaging result includes the imaging results of each stratum in the multi-reference physical model. Therefore, the imaging result obtained from the final imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum can be used as the final seismic profile map corresponding to the multi-reference physical model.

[0085] The final seismic profile can show the morphology of each stratum and the stratum velocity values ​​in the multi-reference physical model. Furthermore, through observations of multiple reference surfaces, the influence of each specific stratum on the deep target layer can be quantified. Targeted processing techniques can be developed for each specific stratum to quantitatively eliminate its influence on the deep target layer and ensure accurate imaging of the deep target layer.

[0086] Furthermore, in step S13 above, the observation data corresponding to the first observation is processed using a preset gather processing strategy, and imaging processing is performed on the target layer and all layers below it based on the processed gather results. This can be achieved, for example, in the following manner:

[0087] The observation data corresponding to the first observation is processed using the gather processing strategy to obtain the corresponding gather result data;

[0088] A velocity modeling strategy is used to process the gather results data to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling results data.

[0089] Using gather data and velocity modeling data, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed on the target layer and the strata below it to obtain the imaging results corresponding to the target layer and the strata below it.

[0090] Furthermore, in step S14 above, the observation data corresponding to this observation is processed using the adjusted gather processing strategy, and imaging processing is performed on the special stratum and the strata below it based on the processed gather results. This can be achieved, for example, in the following way:

[0091] The observation data corresponding to the special strata of this observation were processed using the adjusted gather processing strategy to obtain the corresponding gather result data.

[0092] The adjusted velocity modeling strategy is used to perform velocity modeling processing on the gather results data to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling results data.

[0093] Using gather data and velocity modeling data, pre-stack depth migration imaging was performed on the special strata and the strata below them in this observation to obtain the imaging results corresponding to the special strata and the strata below them in this observation.

[0094] In the above-mentioned process of gather processing for observation data of the target layer and special strata, when first processing the observation data of the target layer, the gather processing strategy used can be, for example, an initial gather processing strategy. Then, when observing each special stratum, the observation data of the current special stratum is compared with the previous observation data to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special stratum. The gather processing strategy used in the previous observation is adjusted based on the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special stratum to obtain an adjusted gather processing strategy. The adjusted gather processing strategy is then used to process the observation data corresponding to the special stratum in the current observation. After each observation of a special stratum, the gather processing strategy is adjusted accordingly to adapt to the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special stratum, so as to achieve targeted processing of the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of each special stratum.

[0095] The above-mentioned gather processing strategy may include, for example, performing one or more processing steps such as noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing, as well as the corresponding quantitative parameters of interference characteristics;

[0096] Because different special strata may have different effects on the underlying strata, each adjustment to the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics may involve different aspects. The corresponding quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics may be one or more quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics corresponding to one or more of the above-mentioned noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing.

[0097] Each time, the observation data of a specific stratum is compared with the previous observation data to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of that specific stratum. These quantitative parameters correspond to the noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing steps. For example, if the determined quantitative parameters correspond to the noise suppression and amplitude compensation steps, then during gather processing, when noise suppression and amplitude compensation are performed, noise suppression and amplitude compensation will be carried out based on the corresponding quantitative parameters to eliminate the influence of interference characteristics. When performing other gather processing steps, the corresponding steps will still be performed based on the original quantitative parameters. If the determined quantitative parameters also correspond to other steps, then the corresponding processing steps will also be performed based on the determined quantitative parameters. The gather processing steps executed each time the gather processing strategy is implemented are consistent, such as performing one or more of the noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing steps.

[0098] During the aforementioned multiple observation and data comparison processes, the collected data, such as single-shot data, were quantitatively analyzed according to the order of each stratum. The first acquisition showed that the deep target layer was unaffected by any strata, representing its true morphology. The second acquisition, influenced by the first specific stratum, identified the effective signal and multiple wave positions by comparing changes in the target layer's location, phase axis frequency, and phase. The third acquisition, influenced by the cumulative effects of the first and second specific strata, again identified the effective signal and multiple wave positions by comparing changes in the target layer's location, phase axis frequency, and phase. This process was repeated for N+1 acquisitions to determine the final effective signal's wave impedance characteristics and the distribution pattern of the interfering wave. Through these wavefield comparisons, the types, velocities, and frequency distribution ranges of interfering waves generated by different strata can be identified; the sources, propagation velocities, and stratum thicknesses of multiple waves can be determined; the sources and attenuation amplitudes of the attenuating strata can be identified; and the phase change of the final target layer's phase axis wavelet can be determined. Based on the quantitative parameters of these interference characteristics, corresponding noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing steps are performed to complete the processing of the gather processing strategy.

[0099] Furthermore, after completing the gather processing strategy, the calculated velocity-depth model for each reference plane is sequentially formed using a preset velocity modeling strategy. This can be achieved, for example, in the following way:

[0100] Once the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each datum is completed, the processed gather results data and the initial velocity model data corresponding to each datum are used to perform grid tomography inversion calculation and special stratum velocity inversion calculation to obtain the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each datum.

[0101] The initial velocity model is established using the gather results data.

[0102] Velocity modeling is a crucial step in accurate formation imaging. Abrupt changes in the top and bottom interfaces of special formations can cause abrupt changes in longitudinal and transverse velocities, a major cause of structural and fault artifacts on seismic profiles. Therefore, velocity modeling processing of the obtained gather data is necessary. The initial velocity model is established with reference to well logging velocities and pre-stack depth migration structural patterns, and can be built using the obtained gather data. Then, the initial velocity model is adjusted and optimized through grid tomography inversion calculations and velocity inversion calculations for special formations. Optimization processes may include, for example, grid tomography optimization, velocity optimization for special formations, and velocity optimization in low signal-to-noise ratio areas.

[0103] The steps of mesh tomography optimization are to correct the velocity parameters through mesh tomography iteration.

[0104] The steps for optimizing velocities in special formations involve iterating through small grids to eliminate their influence on the underlying geological structure and imaging. Since velocities in special formations vary rapidly laterally, sparse well data cannot fully control these variations. Therefore, high-resolution grid tomography is necessary to establish small-scale grid models of the special formation segments, enabling better characterization of the unique lithology.

[0105] The steps for velocity optimization in low signal-to-noise ratio areas involve iteratively performing layer-by-layer tomography combined with velocity scanning to obtain relatively accurate imaging velocities. First, layer-by-layer tomography is conducted to update the velocity, ensuring accurate lateral velocity. When there are many surrounding wells, the lateral velocity trend can be well controlled using these wells and the seismic tectonic model; in this case, only layer-by-layer tomography of the marker layer is needed. For some wells (especially exploratory wells) with few surrounding wells, it is impossible to control the lateral velocity trend using these wells. Therefore, layer-by-layer tomography is required for velocity updates. This involves alternating between layer velocity estimation and geometric description of each reflecting layer from top to bottom. As the analysis proceeds from top to bottom, model modification and model estimation alternate to avoid the accumulation of errors in layer velocity and reflecting surface geometry, thereby improving the accuracy of lateral velocity.

[0106] After completing the aforementioned gather processing strategy and velocity modeling process on the observation data of a certain stratum, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed on the observed stratum and its underlying strata based on the obtained gather and velocity modeling results. This yields imaging results for the observed stratum and its underlying strata, displaying the morphology and velocity values ​​of the observed stratum, as well as the morphology and velocity values ​​of each underlying stratum. Specific implementation methods for pre-stack depth migration imaging can be found in existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0107] Furthermore, the design process of the velocity-depth model in step S11 above can be implemented, for example, in the following manner:

[0108] Based on the geological framework of the research area, a velocity-depth model profile was designed.

[0109] Determine the depth range of each stratum in the research area, and adjust the depth range of each stratum in the designed velocity-depth model profile to be consistent with the depth range of each stratum in the research area.

[0110] The velocity values ​​of each stratum in the geological framework of the research area are obtained, and the velocity values ​​are filled into each stratum of the velocity-depth model profile to establish the velocity-depth model.

[0111] Determine the scale of the velocity-depth model, and scale the dimensions of the geological framework of the study area to the dimensions of the velocity-depth model based on the scale.

[0112] The following describes the process of establishing the geological framework of the aforementioned study area: Basic data within the study area was collected and organized, primarily including seismic data processing results (final data), the latest well logging data (including velocity information and well stratification information for both ongoing and adjacent wells), and the latest interpretation results (including geological stratigraphic information, structural information, and lithological information). Next, the data was processed, and the collected migration results, well logging velocities, and geological strata were calibrated using interpretation horizons. The well logging velocity boundaries, lithological boundaries, and interpretation horizons had to be strictly consistent, and the interpretation horizons had to be sufficiently dense to include all lithological boundaries from shallow to deep. Then, based on the horizons, velocities, lithology, and the resulting profiles, the geological framework of the study area was established.

[0113] Based on the geological framework of the study area, the depth ranges of each stratum in the study area were determined, and a three-dimensional depth-velocity model profile was established. First, by interpreting the stratigraphic positions, the depth ranges of all strata in the three-dimensional depth-velocity model profile were adjusted to match the depth ranges of each stratum in the study area using interpolation and extrapolation. The average velocity values ​​of each stratum in the geological framework of the study area were extracted using well logging velocities, and these average velocity values ​​were then used to fill each stratum in the three-dimensional depth-velocity model profile, thus establishing the three-dimensional depth-velocity model. This model can reflect the morphological characteristics of each stratum within the study area and the longitudinal and lateral velocity variation patterns.

[0114] The process of determining the scale of the velocity-depth model is described below:

[0115] The scale can include a horizontal scale (X, Y direction), a vertical scale (Z direction), a wavelet scale (excitation dominant frequency), a velocity and density scale, and a three-dimensional observation system design.

[0116] (1) Calculate the size of the horizontal scale (X and Y directions) and control the size of the three-dimensional velocity-depth model in the horizontal direction, for example, it can be controlled to be about 1m*1m;

[0117] (2) Calculate the size of the longitudinal scale (Z direction) and control the thickness of the three-dimensional velocity-depth model in the longitudinal direction, for example, it can be controlled to be around 0.5m;

[0118] (3) Wavelet scale: The wavelet scale controls the excitation frequency. For example, the wavelet scale can control the frequency at around 30Hz.

[0119] (4) Velocity and density scale: The stable velocity range of the material used in the laboratory physical model is 1000-3000 m / s, while the velocity distribution range of the formation is about 2000-7000 m / s. The scale is determined according to the actual formation velocity so that the velocity of the formation material in the model falls within the stable range.

[0120] (5) Design of three-dimensional observation system: The parameters of the field three-dimensional observation system are scaled to the physical model domain according to the horizontal scale. The model is collected according to the scaled parameters. The main parameters include: shot spacing, track spacing, shot line spacing, detector line spacing, maximum longitudinal offset, and maximum lateral offset.

[0121] Furthermore, the special strata in the above method may include, for example:

[0122] One or more of the following: near-surface strata, strata with reversed strata velocity, high-velocity strata, large fault strata, fracture zones, etc.

[0123] In the method provided in this embodiment of the invention, for deep target layers, the overlying strata are divided into two types based on their degree of influence: normal strata and special strata. The propagation velocity of seismic waves in strata is a crucial parameter in seismic exploration. Changes in the longitudinal and transverse velocities of seismic waves within strata significantly affect seismic profile imaging, especially the transverse velocity variations in the overlying strata, which can severely impact the accuracy of the underlying geological structure. Therefore, during seismic data analysis and interpretation, it is essential to identify all these special strata and eliminate their influence on the underlying strata one by one. Generally, under sedimentation and compaction, stratum velocity gradually increases with depth. Strata with increasing depth are considered normal strata, in which seismic wave propagation does not undergo significant changes. However, some special lithological strata, namely the aforementioned special strata, exist within the strata, which significantly influence the energy, frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, and waveform characteristics of the mid-to-deep target layers.

[0124] The multi-reference surface observation method provided in this invention utilizes the characteristic of physical models being constructed layer by layer in reverse order from deep to shallow. It allows for multiple observations using the top interface of each stratum above the target layer as a reference surface. The data obtained from these multiple observations are then subjected to wavefield comparison analysis and imaging processing. This enables the development of corresponding processing techniques and parameters for each stratum, quantitatively eliminating the influence of that stratum on the underlying target layer and ensuring accurate imaging of the target layer. The multi-reference surface observation method provided in this invention can be applied to the fields of earthquake physics simulation experiments, seismic wave propagation mechanisms and imaging research, or other related fields.

[0125] The following specific examples illustrate the multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation provided by this invention:

[0126] Reference Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic profile corresponding to the final multi-reference surface physical model, in which the logging velocity ( Figure 2(As shown by the black line in the middle) Four special strata were identified (N=2, 3, 4, 5), with stratum 7 being the target stratum, defined as N=1. Because the velocity of stratum 6 reverses, it is defined as the first special stratum, N=2; stratum 5 has a significantly higher velocity than the surrounding rocks above and below, defined as the second special stratum, N=3; stratum 3 has a velocity reversal, defined as the third special stratum, N=4; and the near-surface stratum is defined as the fourth special stratum, N=5. During the generation of the multi-datum model layer by layer from bottom to top, observations were conducted using multiple strata datums for reference. Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the multi-reference surface observations and acquisitions performed at different stages of model generation. After generating the deep target layer, the first observation is conducted at its top interface, and the data is recorded. Following the first observation, model generation continues. After generating the first special stratum, the model is placed in a water tank for a second observation, and the data is recorded. This process is repeated for the second, third, and fourth special strata. In each stratum generation and observation process, the first observation results represent the true characteristics of the target layer. After each recording of observation data for a special stratum, the data is compared and analyzed with the previous observation. By comparing and analyzing multiple observation results, the interference characteristics of each overlying stratum on the seismic wave energy, waveform, and phase of the target layer can be quantitatively determined. Based on the interference characteristics determined by each comparative analysis, a quantitative gather processing strategy is formulated. This quantitative gather processing strategy and velocity modeling process are then used to process the observation data. After processing, Koschkhov pre-stack depth migration is used for imaging processing of the multiple observation data. The obtained five pre-stack depth migration results for the target layer are referenced. Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 The study demonstrated the seismic wave morphology of the target layer obtained from five different reference planes. Through the above process, observation and acquisition based on multiple reference planes were achieved, which improved the identification of the target layer and other strata, as well as the identification of deep and ultra-deep weak signals.

[0127] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a method for stratigraphic identification, referring to... Figure 5 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0128] S51. Using the final adjusted gather processing strategy obtained during the generation and imaging process of the uppermost special stratum in the multi-reference surface observation method described above, gather processing is performed on the seismic data to be identified collected in the study area to obtain the corresponding gather result data.

[0129] S52. Using the velocity modeling strategy and gather result data in the multi-reference surface observation method described above, velocity modeling processing is performed to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling result data.

[0130] S53. Based on the gather data and velocity modeling results, perform pre-stack depth migration imaging to obtain the seismic profile corresponding to the seismic data.

[0131] S54. Based on the seismic profile, identify at least one stratum within the study area corresponding to the seismic data to be identified.

[0132] In the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method, during the generation and imaging processing of each special stratum, the gather processing strategy is adjusted each time by determining the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics. After the uppermost special stratum is generated, the observation data of the uppermost special stratum is compared with the previous observation data to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the uppermost special stratum. The gather processing strategy is then finally adjusted using the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the uppermost special stratum to obtain the final adjusted gather processing strategy.

[0133] To identify at least one stratum within the study area, the final adjusted gather processing strategy is used to process the seismic data acquired within the study area to obtain corresponding gather result data. Then, the aforementioned velocity modeling processing flow is used to perform velocity modeling processing on the gather result data to obtain corresponding velocity modeling result data. Finally, based on the obtained gather result data and velocity modeling result data, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed to obtain seismic profiles corresponding to the seismic data. From the seismic profiles, the stratigraphic morphology and velocities of at least one stratum within the study area can be obtained, as well as the seismic waveform of the target layer. Therefore, based on the information in the seismic profiles, combined with information contained in the seismic data to be identified (such as seismic response characteristic signals), at least one stratum within the study area can be identified.

[0134] By using the formation identification method provided in this embodiment of the invention, and comparing the actual seismic data with the seismic profile obtained by the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation, the identification of at least one formation within the study area can be accurately achieved. This improves the accuracy of formation identification within the study area, thereby increasing the success rate of well site deployment. It provides reliable data support for reservoir prediction and well site selection, significantly reducing the cost of subsequent drilling failures and increasing the drilling success rate.

[0135] Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a multi-reference surface observation device and a stratigraphic identification device based on seismic physical simulation. Since the principles by which these devices solve problems are similar to the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method and stratigraphic identification method based on seismic physical simulation, the implementation of these devices can refer to the implementation of the aforementioned methods, and the repeated parts will not be described again.

[0136] This invention provides a multi-reference surface observation device based on seismic physical simulation, with reference to... Figure 6 As shown, it includes:

[0137] The generation module 61 is used to generate the corresponding multi-reference surface physical model layer by layer according to the pre-designed velocity-depth model, in the order from the bottom layer to the top layer.

[0138] The determination module 62 is used to determine the location of the target layer in the multi-reference surface physical model, and the location of at least one special stratum above the target layer;

[0139] The first imaging module 63 is used to perform the first observation with the top interface of the target layer as the reference plane when the target layer is generated, record the observation data corresponding to the first observation, process the observation data corresponding to the first observation using a preset gather processing strategy, and perform imaging processing on the target layer and the strata below it using the processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the target layer.

[0140] The second imaging module 64 is used to sequentially generate the special strata. Each time a special strata is generated, the top interface of the special strata is used as the reference surface for observation. The observation data corresponding to this observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to this observation is compared with the observation data corresponding to the previous observation to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special strata. The quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics are used as the increment to adjust the gather processing strategy. The adjusted gather processing strategy is then used to process the observation data corresponding to this observation. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the special strata are used to perform imaging processing on the special strata and the strata below it until the generation and imaging processing of the uppermost special strata are completed.

[0141] The third imaging module 65 is used to sequentially form a calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference surface during the imaging processing of the target layer and the special stratum using a preset velocity modeling strategy. Whenever the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each reference surface is completed, the processed gather result data and the calculated velocity-depth model data corresponding to each reference surface are used to perform imaging processing on the stratum corresponding to each reference surface and the strata below it. The obtained imaging processing data is compared with the imaging processing data corresponding to the designed velocity-depth model to determine the quantitative parameters for velocity calculation of each special stratum. The quantitative parameters for velocity calculation are used as an increment to adjust the velocity modeling strategy until the velocity-depth model of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed.

[0142] The profile imaging module 66 is used to take the final imaging result of the uppermost special stratum as the final seismic profile corresponding to the multi-reference surface physical model.

[0143] This invention provides a stratum identification device, with reference to... Figure 7 As shown, it includes:

[0144] The gather processing module 71 is used to process the seismic data to be identified collected in the study area using the gather processing strategy obtained in the generation and imaging process of the uppermost special stratum as described in the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method, and to obtain the corresponding gather result data.

[0145] The velocity modeling processing module 72 is used to perform velocity modeling processing using the velocity modeling strategy and gather result data in the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method, and to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling result data.

[0146] The imaging processing module 73 is used to perform pre-stack depth migration imaging processing based on the gather result data and the velocity modeling result data to obtain the seismic profile map corresponding to the seismic data.

[0147] The identification module 74 is used to identify at least one stratum within the study area corresponding to the seismic data to be identified, based on the seismic profile.

[0148] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements either the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation or the aforementioned stratigraphic identification method.

[0149] This invention provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements either the aforementioned multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation or the aforementioned stratigraphic identification method.

[0150] Regarding the multi-reference surface observation device and stratigraphic identification device based on seismic physical simulation in the above embodiments, the specific operation methods of each module have been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated here.

[0151] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0152] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0153] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0154] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0155] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation, characterized in that, include: Based on the pre-designed velocity-depth model, the corresponding multi-reference surface physical model is generated layer by layer in order from the bottom layer to the top layer. Determine the location of the target layer in the multi-reference surface physical model, and the location of at least one specific stratum above the target layer; When the target layer is generated, the top interface of the target layer is used as the reference plane for the first observation. The observation data corresponding to the first observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to the first observation is processed using a preset gather processing strategy. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the target layer are used to perform imaging processing on the target layer and the strata below it. The special strata are generated sequentially. Each time a special strata is generated, the top interface of the special strata is used as the reference surface for observation. The observation data corresponding to this observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to this observation is compared with the observation data corresponding to the previous observation to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special strata. The quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics are used as the increment to adjust the gather processing strategy. The adjusted gather processing strategy is then used to process the observation data corresponding to this observation. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the special strata are used to image the special strata and the strata below it until the generation and imaging of the uppermost special strata are completed. During the imaging processing of the target layer and the special strata, a preset velocity modeling strategy is used to sequentially form the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference surface. Whenever the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each reference surface is completed, the processed gather result data and the calculated velocity-depth model data corresponding to each reference surface are used to perform imaging processing on the strata corresponding to each reference surface and the strata below it. The obtained imaging processing data is compared with the imaging processing data corresponding to the designed velocity-depth model to determine the quantitative parameters for velocity calculation of each special stratum. The quantitative parameters for velocity calculation are used as increments to adjust the velocity modeling strategy until the velocity-depth model of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed. The imaging result obtained by the final imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum is used as the final seismic profile corresponding to the multi-reference surface physical model.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves processing the observation data corresponding to the first observation using a preset gather processing strategy, and then using the processed gather results data and the designed velocity-depth model corresponding to the target layer to perform imaging processing on the target layer and the strata below it, including: The observation data corresponding to the first observation is processed using a gather processing strategy to obtain the corresponding gather result data. The velocity modeling strategy is used to perform velocity modeling processing on the gather result data to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling result data. Using the gather results data and the velocity modeling results data, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed on the target layer and the strata below it to obtain the imaging results corresponding to the target layer and the strata below it.

3. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The process involves processing the observation data corresponding to this observation using the adjusted gather processing strategy, and then using the processed gather results data and the designed velocity-depth model corresponding to this special stratum to perform imaging processing on this special stratum and the strata below it, including: The adjusted gather processing strategy was used to process the observation data corresponding to the special strata in this observation to obtain the corresponding gather result data. The adjusted velocity modeling strategy is used to perform velocity modeling processing on the gather result data to obtain the corresponding velocity modeling result data. Using the gather results data and the velocity modeling results data, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed on the special strata and the strata below them in this observation to obtain the imaging results corresponding to the special strata and the strata below them in this observation.

4. The method as described in any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that, The collection processing strategy includes: Perform one or more of the following processing steps: noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing, along with the corresponding quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics. The corresponding quantitative parameters of interference features are one or more quantitative parameters of interference features corresponding to one or more processing steps in the noise suppression, multiple attenuation, amplitude compensation, Q compensation, and deconvolution processing.

5. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Using a pre-defined velocity modeling strategy, the calculated velocity-depth model for each reference plane is generated sequentially, including: Once the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each datum is completed, the processed gather results data and the initial velocity model data corresponding to each datum are used to perform grid tomography inversion calculation and special stratum velocity inversion calculation to obtain the calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each datum. The initial velocity model is established using the gather results data.

6. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The design process of the velocity-depth model includes: Based on the geological framework of the research area, a velocity-depth model profile was designed. Determine the depth range of each stratum in the research area, and adjust the depth range of each stratum in the designed velocity-depth model profile to be consistent with the depth range of each stratum in the research area. The velocity values ​​of each stratum in the geological framework of the research area are obtained, and the velocity values ​​are filled into each stratum of the velocity-depth model profile to establish the velocity-depth model. Determine the scale of the velocity-depth model, and scale the dimensions of the geological framework of the study area to the dimensions of the velocity-depth model based on the scale.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The special strata include: Any one or more of the following: near-surface strata, strata with reversed strata velocity, high-velocity strata, large fault strata, and fracture zones.

8. A method for stratigraphic identification, characterized in that, include: Using the final adjusted gather processing strategy obtained during the generation and imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum in the multi-reference surface observation method as described in any one of claims 1-3, gather processing is performed on the seismic data to be identified collected in the study area to obtain the corresponding gather result data. Velocity modeling results data are obtained by using the velocity modeling strategy in the multi-reference surface observation method as described in any one of claims 1-3 and the gather result data. Based on the gather results and velocity modeling results, pre-stack depth migration imaging is performed to obtain the seismic profile corresponding to the seismic data. Based on the seismic profile, at least one stratum within the study area corresponding to the seismic data to be identified is identified.

9. A multi-reference surface observation device based on seismic physical simulation, characterized in that, include: The generation module is used to generate the corresponding multi-reference surface physical model layer by layer according to the pre-designed velocity-depth model, in order from the bottom layer to the top layer. The determination module is used to determine the location of the target layer in the multi-reference surface physical model, and the location of at least one special stratum above the target layer; The first imaging module is used to perform the first observation with the top interface of the target layer as the reference plane when the target layer is generated, record the observation data corresponding to the first observation, process the observation data corresponding to the first observation using a preset gather processing strategy, and perform imaging processing on the target layer and the strata below it using the processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the target layer. The second imaging module is used to sequentially create the special strata. Each time a special stratum is created, the top interface of the special stratum is used as the reference surface for observation. The observation data corresponding to this observation is recorded. The observation data corresponding to this observation is compared with the observation data corresponding to the previous observation to determine the quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics of the special stratum. The quantitative parameters of the interference characteristics are used as the increment to adjust the gather processing strategy. The adjusted gather processing strategy is then used to process the observation data corresponding to this observation. The processed gather result data and the velocity-depth model designed for the special stratum are used to perform imaging processing on the special stratum and the strata below it until the creation and imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum are completed. The third imaging module is used to sequentially form a calculated velocity-depth model corresponding to each reference surface during the imaging processing of the target layer and the special strata using a preset velocity modeling strategy. Whenever the gather processing of the observation data corresponding to each reference surface is completed, the processed gather result data and the calculated velocity-depth model data corresponding to each reference surface are used to perform imaging processing on the strata corresponding to each reference surface and the strata below it. The obtained imaging processing data is compared with the imaging processing data corresponding to the designed velocity-depth model to determine the quantitative parameters for velocity calculation of each special stratum. The quantitative parameters for velocity calculation are used as an increment to adjust the velocity modeling strategy until the velocity-depth model of the uppermost special stratum and the final imaging processing are completed. The profile imaging module is used to take the final imaging result of the uppermost special stratum as the final seismic profile corresponding to the multi-reference surface physical model.

10. A stratigraphic identification device, characterized in that, include: The gather processing module is used to process the seismic data to be identified collected in the study area using the final adjusted gather processing strategy obtained during the generation and imaging processing of the uppermost special stratum in the multi-reference surface observation method as described in any one of claims 1-3, and to obtain the corresponding gather result data. A velocity modeling processing module is used to perform velocity modeling processing using the velocity modeling strategy in the multi-reference surface observation method as described in any one of claims 1-3 and the gather result data, to obtain corresponding velocity modeling result data. The imaging processing module is used to perform pre-stack depth migration imaging processing based on the gather results data and the velocity modeling results data to obtain the seismic profile map corresponding to the seismic data. The identification module is used to identify at least one stratum within the study area corresponding to the seismic data to be identified, based on the seismic profile.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or the stratigraphic identification method as described in claim 8.

12. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the multi-reference surface observation method based on seismic physical simulation as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or the stratigraphic identification method as described in claim 8.

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