Efficient closed sheath ginger seedling raising method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-efficiency closed sheath ginger seedling raising method and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The closed sheath ginger is intercropped with south African leaves, and the number of south African leaves accounts for 56% of the total number of plants in a plot. The cutting seedling raising mode uses the intercropping theory of crops, and the most suitable intercropping proportion of south African leaves greatly improves the success rate of cutting propagation. Through the underground root system interaction between the closed sheath ginger and the south African leaves and the regulation effect of the aboveground canopy light, good practical effects are achieved. The method greatly reduces soil diseases and enhances the resistance level of the closed sheath ginger. In addition, the propagation material is easy to obtain, and the method is suitable for large-scale seedling raising. Meanwhile, no pesticides and plant growth regulators are used, which is beneficial to improving the ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of agricultural production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an efficient method for cultivating Costus speciosus seedlings. Background Art

[0002] There are usually three methods for propagating Costus speciosus seedlings, namely seed propagation, rhizome division propagation, and cutting propagation. The plants obtained by seed propagation are thin and grow slowly after germination and seedling emergence, and it takes a long time to generate economic benefits. The rhizome division propagation method requires a large amount of mother plant materials and has low propagation efficiency. The cutting propagation method is suitable for large-scale (factory) seedling cultivation, has low requirements for technology, site, and equipment conditions, and the plants are robust and grow fast after becoming seedlings. However, problems such as easy rotting at the cut of the cuttings, difficult germination and rooting at the bud points are prone to occur. In order to further improve the cutting propagation method, this application proposes to use it in combination with intercropping and relay cropping. Intercropping and relay cropping refers to planting different types of crops on the same land according to a certain row spacing, plant spacing, and width ratio of occupied land. It is an agricultural production mode developed based on the principle of the spatial structure of communities, aiming to make full use of space and resources. In agricultural production, by intercropping with non-host plants of pathogens, the pathogens can lose their hosts or change their living environment, so as to reduce or eliminate the germs, reduce soil diseases, especially for vegetable diseases with a relatively distant genetic relationship and different nutrient absorption, and at the same time, it can also balance the soil nutrient content and promote crop growth.

[0003] Currently, there are few reports on the intercropping mode of Costus speciosus and Gynura procumbens. In order to give full play to the promoting effect of Gynura procumbens on the cultivation of Costus speciosus seedlings, it is necessary to clarify the proportion of Gynura procumbens intercropped during the cultivation of Costus speciosus, find a reasonable intercropping mode, improve the seedling cultivation efficiency of Costus speciosus, reduce the application of chemical pesticides, and meet the requirements of modern agricultural green control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention proposes an efficient method for cultivating Costus speciosus seedlings to solve the problems raised in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] An efficient method for cultivating Costus speciosus seedlings, wherein Costus speciosus is intercropped according to the proportion that the number of Gynura procumbens plants accounts for 40 - 60% of the total number of plants on the ridge surface.

[0007] Preferably, Costus speciosus is intercropped according to the proportion that the number of Gynura procumbens plants accounts for 56% of the total number of plants on the ridge surface.

[0008] Preferably, the planting method of cutting in a "pin" - shaped pattern is adopted on the ridge surface. The "pin" - shaped pattern means that the ridge surface is divided into three areas, with Costus speciosus planted in the central area and Gynura procumbens planted in the two side areas.

[0009] Preferably, South African ginger is propagated by cuttings 80-100 days earlier than ginger with closed sheaths.

[0010] Preferably, the cuttings of *Gingeria cylindrica* are taken from the above-ground stems of 0.5 to 1.5 years old. All the leaves on the stems are removed, and the stems are cut into three sections: upper, middle, and lower. The lower section is selected for the cuttings of *Gingeria cylindrica*.

[0011] Preferably, the cuttings for South African leaf cuttings are made from lignified or semi-lignified branches, with the base of the cutting cut at an angle, and the cuttings are 20-30 cm long.

[0012] Preferably, the middle or lower section of the ginger cutting is cut into 10-20cm long segments, with the top of the segment cut into a flat circle and the base cut into a slanted ear shape.

[0013] Preferably, the cutting time for *Ginger cleistotheca* is March.

[0014] Preferably, topdressing is applied 30 to 40 days after the ginger cuttings are inserted into the closed sheath. The fertilizer formula is water, South African leaf extract and ternary compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 8 to 10: 0.9 to 1.1: 0.007 to 0.02.

[0015] Preferably, the cutting time for *Gingeria cylindrica* is 90 days after the cutting time for *Gingeria cylindrica*.

[0016] Preferably, topdressing is applied 35 days after the cutting of *Ginger cleistoides*, and 30-40 days after the cutting. The fertilizer formula is water, South African leaf extract and ternary compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 9:1:0.01.

[0017] Preferably, the South African leaf extract is made from branches and leaves pruned from South African leaves. The leaves are first chopped, then mixed with an equal amount of water and pulped, and then filtered through an 80-mesh filter.

[0018] Preferably, the ternary compound fertilizer was purchased from Yingshang Letou Technology Development Co., Ltd., with N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15 and total nutrients ≥445%.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) An intercropping pattern of Ginger clavatum and South African leaf was proposed. By using the optimal intercropping ratio of South African leaf plants to 56% of the total number of plants on the ridge, the survival rate of Ginger clavatum cutting propagation was improved. Under the condition of applying fertilizer formula 1, the survival rate of Ginger clavatum reached 95%.

[0021] (2)When applying topdressing to costus speciosus cuttings, the extract of gynura procumbens is used as part of the fertilizer formula, making full use of the nutrients in the pruned gynura procumbens leaves. This not only prevents the gynura procumbens leaves from falling and blocking the costus speciosus, thus affecting the growth of costus speciosus, but also reduces the use of other fertilizers and the input of planting costs.

[0022] (3)This cutting and seedling raising mode applies the theory of intercropping and interplanting of crops. Through the underground root interaction between costus speciosus and gynura procumbens and the regulation of light in the above-ground canopy layer, good practical effects have been achieved. This method greatly reduces soil diseases, enhances the resistance level of costus speciosus, and the propagation materials are easily obtainable, suitable for large-scale seedling raising. At the same time, without applying pesticides and plant growth regulators, it is beneficial to improve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of agricultural production. The cutting and planting of gynura procumbens cuttings do not require rooting agents and disinfection treatment, saving costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] 1. Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of "pin" - shaped cuttings on the ridge surface (○ gynura procumbens, ★ costus speciosus);

[0024] 2. Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of cuttings in the conventional strip intercropping mode on the ridge surface (○ gynura procumbens, ★ costus speciosus). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments.

[0026] Example 1 Gynura procumbens Cutting Propagation Experiment

[0027] (1)Preparation of the cutting site

[0028] Select sandy loam with flat terrain and convenient irrigation in the Hainan area, and prepare the land carefully. Apply 2000 kg of well-rotted farmyard manure and 15 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ternary compound fertilizer per mu, and plow to a depth of about 20 cm. Break up the soil clods, prepare the land carefully and dig ditches. The ridge surface meets the requirements of being flat, loose, and fine. The ridge width is 120 cm, the ridge length is 25 meters, and the ditch depth is 40 cm.

[0029] (2)Gynura procumbens Cutting Propagation Experiment

[0030] When cutting, select lignified or semi-lignified branches. Make a slanting cut at the base of the cuttings, and the length of the cuttings is 20 - 30 cm. The treatment methods for the four groups of cuttings are disinfection, rooting agent, disinfection + rooting agent, and no treatment. Among them, disinfection is to soak the bundled cuttings in 800 times the liquid of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for 20 minutes for disinfection and sterilization. The rooting agent is to quickly dip the base of the cuttings in the rooting agent (ABT No. 1 rooting powder). The cuttings of the four groups are all cut in the morning or evening, inserted into the ridge surface to half of the cutting, and the plant spacing and row spacing are kept at 30 cm × 40 cm. After insertion, spray a layer of clear water, and the water replenishment management follows the principle of keeping the soil moist without waterlogging. Insert 300 cuttings on each ridge surface, repeat 3 times and take the average value. There are 12 ridge surfaces in total. The survival rate and growth performance are statistically analyzed 30 days, 60 days, and 90 days after cutting. The survival rate = the number of surviving plants / the total number of planted plants. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0031] (3)Cutting propagation experiment on different parts of the above-ground stem of Costus speciosus

[0032] After 90 days of cutting the leaves of Gynura procumbens, arrange to cut Costus speciosus at this time. Select the above-ground part of 1-year-old Costus speciosus as the experimental material, and require the stem to be robust, disease-free and pest-free with a thickness of more than 1 cm and a length greater than 1.5 m. First, cut off all the leaves on the stem, and cut it into three sections on average, divided into the upper section, the middle section and the lower section. Each section is cut into small sections 10 - 20 cm long (with 2 bud points). The top of the small section is cut flat into a circle, and the base is cut obliquely into a horseshoe shape (to increase the contact surface with the soil). Then bundle the small sections into bundles, put the base into the plant ash for disinfection treatment for 20 minutes, and dry it for later use. Divide the upper, middle and lower sections of the dried experimental materials into four parts, and cut them in the "pin" shape pattern (see Figure 1 )and the conventional strip intercropping pattern (see Figure 2 )on the ridge surface. The plant spacing and row spacing are evenly distributed. Among them, the "pin" shape pattern can make there be four Gynura procumbens around each cutting. In the conventional strip intercropping, A is to plant Costus speciosus every other row inside the ridge surface, B is that Costus speciosus is surrounded by Gynura procumbens inside the ridge surface, and C is that Gynura procumbens is surrounded by Costus speciosus inside the ridge surface. Use the ridge surface without Gynura procumbens as the blank control. Cut in the morning or evening, and spray a layer of clear water after cutting. The water replenishment management follows the principle of keeping the soil moist without waterlogging. The survival rate and growth performance are statistically analyzed 60 days after cutting. The data are averaged and variance analysis is carried out. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0033] (4)Implementation effect

[0034] The implementation effects are shown in Table 1 and Table 2:

[0035]

[0036] The results showed that the cuttings began to root and sprout after 20-30 days, with a rooting rate approaching 100%; after 60 days, the cuttings grew rapidly, developing numerous roots and forming small plantlets with 2-3 branches; after 90 days, the plantlets had well-developed root systems, reached a height of 1.1-1.7 m, and had numerous leaves. Different treatments had no significant impact on the survival rate and later growth of the South African leaf.

[0037]

[0038] Note: Data in the same column are identified by different letters to indicate significant differences (P<0.05) under the same planting pattern. The same applies to the following table.

[0039] The results showed that, in terms of planting patterns, the survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* cuttings in plots without *Agrostis spp.* intercropping was 44%, characterized by basal rot and blackening, and slow growth. In strips A-C, conventional planting was used. Although *Agrostis spp.* intercropped during the *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* planting process, the *Agrostis spp.* intercropped *Gynostemma pentaphyllum*, due to the non-triangular planting pattern, the *Agrostis spp.* intercropped *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* could not exert its bactericidal and insecticidal effects. From the perspective of planting patterns, the triangular planting pattern was more effective. Regarding the influence of different parts of the above-ground stem on the survival rate of cuttings, the upper section near the tip, being more tender and slender, had a lower survival rate; the middle and lower sections, being thicker and older, had higher survival rates, with no significant difference. Under the triangular planting pattern, the survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* could reach approximately 90%.

[0040] Example 2: Propagation experiment on the intercropping ratio and fertilization of ginger cuttings with closed sheaths

[0041] (1) Preparation of the cutting site

[0042] Choose a flat, easily irrigated sandy loam soil in Hainan and prepare the land meticulously. Apply 2000 kg of well-rotted manure and 15 kg of NPK compound fertilizer per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), and till to a depth of about 20 cm. Break up soil clods, prepare the land meticulously, and dig furrows. The raised beds should be flat, loose, and fine, with a width of 120 cm, a length of 25 meters, and a furrow depth of 40 cm.

[0043] (2) Leaf cutting propagation experiment in South Africa

[0044] When taking cuttings, select lignified or semi-lignified branches, making a slanted cut at the base. The cuttings should be 20-30 cm long. Do not disinfect or apply rooting hormone to the cuttings. Insert the cuttings in the morning or evening, inserting them to about half their length into the soil surface. Maintain a spacing of 30cm x 40cm between plants. After planting, spray with clean water and maintain soil moisture without waterlogging. For each bed, insert cuttings at proportions of 40%, 50%, 56%, and 70% of the planted plants, repeating this process three times.

[0045] (3) Propagation experiment of ginger cuttings with closed sheath

[0046] Ninety days after the South African leaf cuttings, cuttings of *Ginger cleistoides* (a type of ginger) are introduced. One-year-old above-ground parts of *Ginger cleistoides* are selected as experimental material, requiring robust stems free from pests and diseases, with a diameter of over 1 cm and a length greater than 1.5 m. All leaves are removed from the stems, which are then cut into three equal sections: upper, middle, and lower. The lower section is cut into 10-20 cm long segments (each with two buds). The top of each segment is cut flat into a circle, and the base is cut obliquely into a horse-ear shape (to increase the contact surface with the soil). The segments are then bundled together, and the base is sterilized in wood ash for 20 minutes, then allowed to dry. Cuttings are then planted in a triangular pattern on the seedbed, with even spacing between plants, ensuring each cutting is surrounded by four *Ginger cleistoides*. Planting is done in the morning or evening. After planting, the soil is sprayed with water, and watering is maintained to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Top-dress with fertilizer 30-40 days after the ginger cuttings are planted. Fertilizer formula 1 consists of water, South African leaf extract, and NPK compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 9:1:0.01; fertilizer formula 2 consists of water, 98% pure deltamethrin, and NPK compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 900:0.24:1; and fertilizer formula 3 consists of water, 98% pure chlorothalonil, and NPK compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 900:12:1. Top-dressing can be done directly on the soil surface, similar to watering. The survival rate is calculated 60 days after planting: survival rate = number of surviving cuttings / total number of planted plants.

[0047] (4) Implementation effect

[0048] The implementation results are shown in Table 3:

[0049]

[0050] As shown in Table 3, the survival rate of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* was highest when the intercropping ratio was 70%. However, considering that *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* is the main crop and its survival rate is also relatively high when the intercropping ratio is 56%, the optimal intercropping ratio for *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* is 56%. Regarding fertilizer formulation, the effects of deltamethrin and chlorothalonil are not as good as those of *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* extract. Furthermore, *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* extract is primarily derived from leaves that need to be pruned and naturally fall during the growth process, reducing planting costs. Therefore, adding *Gynostemma pentaphyllum* extract to the fertilizer is the optimal formulation.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highly efficient method for cultivating ginger seedlings with closed sheaths, characterized in that, Intercropping of Costus speciosus is carried out with the number of Crassocephalum crepidioides plants accounting for 40 - 70% of the total number of plants on the ridge surface; The planting method of cutting on the ridge surface adopts the "pin" - shaped pattern; the "pin" - shaped pattern means dividing the ridge surface into three areas, planting Costus speciosus in the central area and Crassocephalum crepidioides in the two side areas; The cutting part of Costus speciosus selects the above - ground stem part of 0.5 - 1.5 years old. All the leaves on the stem of the above - ground stem part are cut off. The stem is evenly cut into three sections, namely the upper section, the middle section and the lower section. The cutting part of Costus speciosus selects the middle section or the lower section; the middle section or the lower section of the cutting part of Costus speciosus is cut into small sections 10 - 20 cm long. The top of the small section is cut flat into a circular shape, and the base is cut obliquely into a horseshoe shape; the cutting time of Costus speciosus is 80 - 100 days after the cutting of Crassocephalum crepidioides; top - dressing is carried out 30 - 40 days after the cutting of Costus speciosus. The fertilizer formula is water, Crassocephalum crepidioides extract and ternary compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 8 - 10:0.9 - 1.1:0.007 - 0.

02.

2. The efficient method for cultivating ginger seedlings with closed sheaths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Intercropping of Costus speciosus is carried out with the number of Crassocephalum crepidioides plants accounting for 56% of the total number of plants on the ridge surface.

3. The efficient method for cultivating ginger seedlings with closed sheaths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting part of Crassocephalum crepidioides selects lignified or semi - lignified branches. The base of the cutting is cut obliquely, and the cutting length is 20 - 30 cm.

4. The efficient method for cultivating ginger seedlings with closed sheaths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting time of Costus speciosus is 90 days after the cutting of Crassocephalum crepidioides.

5. The efficient method for cultivating ginger seedlings with closed sheaths according to claim 1, characterized in that, Top - dressing is carried out 35 days after the cutting of Costus speciosus. The fertilizer formula is water, Crassocephalum crepidioides extract and ternary compound fertilizer in a weight ratio of 9:1:0.

01.

6. The efficient method for cultivating ginger seedlings with closed sheaths according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of Crassocephalum crepidioides extract is as follows: Using the branches and leaves trimmed from Crassocephalum crepidioides, after chopping, adding the same mass of water and mixing and pulping, and then filtering to obtain Crassocephalum crepidioides extract.

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