A distributed air supply structure and air supply regulation method for a Hall thruster

Abstract

A distributed gas supply structure and gas supply regulation method for a Hall thruster includes an anode gas distributor, a wall gas distributor, and an insulating base plate. Secondary baffles on the outer and inner sides of the wall are fixed to a wall base and a primary baffle, respectively. The secondary baffles on the outer and inner sides, the tertiary baffles on the outer and inner sides, the wall base, and the primary baffle form a working channel. An insulating base plate is arranged at the bottom inner side of an annular metal wall panel. Gas supply holes communicating with the discharge channel and the wall gas channel are circumferentially opened on the upper part of the annular metal wall panel. An anode gas distributor for supplying gas to the discharge channel is arranged on the insulating base plate. This invention can keep the gas density in the ionization region constant, ensuring a stable ionization rate for the Hall thruster, thereby optimizing the ionization process and achieving efficient and stable discharge over a wide flow range of the Hall thruster.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to Hall thrusters, and more specifically to a distributed air supply structure and air supply regulation method for Hall thrusters. Background Technology

[0002] A Hall thruster is an electric propulsion device that uses orthogonal electromagnetic fields to ionize and accelerate a working gas to generate thrust, primarily used in aerospace propulsion. Inside the Hall thruster, an orthogonal electromagnetic field is formed. Electrons emitted from the cathode are confined by the magnetic field as they reach the anode at the bottom of the channel, undergoing Larmor cyclotron motion around the magnetic field lines. Propellant is injected from the bottom of the channel, where neutral atoms collide with electrons, ionizing them and producing a large number of ions and electrons. These ions are ejected at high speed under the influence of an axial electric field, forming a plume that generates thrust. It has advantages such as simple structure, high specific impulse, and reliable operation, and can significantly improve the payload capacity of spacecraft.

[0003] Future space missions place high-performance and stable operation requirements on electric thrusters across a wide range of parameter variations. The power demands of spacecraft are determined by different mission contexts, mission phases, operating environments, and thruster configurations, with input conditions varying across mission contexts and phases. Orbit transfer and position holding are the two most important on-orbit maneuvers for spacecraft. Orbit transfer requires thrusters to operate at high thrust with high flow and low voltage, while position holding requires thrusters to operate at high specific impulse with low flow and high voltage. Furthermore, the actual operating conditions of the thrusters must change depending on the satellite's distance from Earth or its position relative to the sun. Taking deep space missions such as Mars and asteroid exploration as examples, not only does solar energy supply vary with time, distance, and location during the mission, but the thrust and specific impulse requirements also differ significantly between different mission phases, such as interplanetary travel and orbiting. Additionally, precise space scientific experiments such as Earth gravity field measurements and gravitational wave detection require high-precision, low-noise, drag-free control of satellites, necessitating a wide range of continuously adjustable thrust. Therefore, a single operating point or a few operating points cannot effectively adapt to the diversity of spacecraft space missions.

[0004] However, Hall thrusters based on current design concepts can only achieve efficient and stable discharge within a relatively narrow operating range. During low-power operation and high specific impulse (high discharge voltage) operation, the thruster needs to maintain a low propellant flow rate. The ionization rate can be determined from the ionization theory of Hall thrusters. S ion = β ( T e ) n e n a ,in β The ionization reaction coefficient is related to the electron temperature.T e Positive correlation n e For electron density, n a This represents the density of neutral atoms. It can be seen that the ionization rate of the working fluid is related to the gas atomic density. n a The efficiency is directly proportional to the gas density. Currently, the gas distributor in Hall thrusters is located at the bottom of the channel. Neutral gas atoms diffuse freely under the pressure gradient after entering the channel. With a fixed channel size, as the working fluid flow rate decreases, the gas density diffused into the ionization region decreases, resulting in insufficient ionization of the working fluid and a rapid decline in thruster efficiency. If the channel size is reduced to increase the neutral atom density, the gas density in the ionization region becomes excessively high at high flow rates, leading to frequent collisions with electrons. This lowers the electron temperature, making it insufficient to ionize atoms, resulting in significant ionization losses and a decrease in thruster efficiency.

[0005] Publication number CN115711208A relates to a gas supply structure suitable for a high specific impulse Hall thruster after loading. This invention primarily optimizes the flow field design to address the high electron temperature characteristic, utilizing collisions between neutral gas atoms and electrons in the near-anode region to recover and reuse electron energy. This reduces the residual energy of anode electrons and mitigates the uncertainties caused by anode overheating and other unstable factors on the normal discharge of the high specific impulse Hall thruster. However, this invention cannot adjust the gas density within the channel.

[0006] In summary, existing Hall thrusters suffer from problems such as a narrow variable flow operating range, low atomic density and insufficient ionization at low flow rates, and numerous invalid collisions and significant ionization losses at high flow rates. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a distributed gas supply structure and adjustment method for a Hall thruster. This gas supply structure adjusts the gas supply ratio between the anode gas distributor and the wall gas distributor to keep the gas density in the ionization region constant, ensuring that the ionization rate of the Hall thruster remains stable, thereby optimizing the ionization process and achieving efficient and stable discharge of the Hall thruster within a wide flow range.

[0008] A Hall thruster distributed gas supply structure includes an anode gas distributor, a wall gas distributor, and an insulating base plate;

[0009] The wall-mounted gas distributor includes a wall-mounted air inlet column, a wall-mounted base and a primary baffle, an outer secondary baffle, an outer tertiary baffle, a double-ringed metal wall panel, an inner secondary baffle, and an inner tertiary baffle; the wall-mounted base and primary baffle, the outer secondary baffle, the outer tertiary baffle, the inner secondary baffle, and the inner tertiary baffle are all ring structures.

[0010] The outer secondary baffle and inner secondary baffle of the wall are respectively fixed to the wall base and the primary baffle. The outer tertiary baffle and inner tertiary baffle are correspondingly fixed to the outer secondary baffle and inner secondary baffle. The outer secondary baffle, inner secondary baffle, outer tertiary baffle, inner tertiary baffle, wall base, and primary baffle form a working channel. A double-ring metal wall panel with a base plate is arranged in the working channel and is fixed to the wall base and primary baffle. The outer side of the double-ring metal wall panel... A wall gas channel is formed between the wall base and the first-level baffle, the second-level baffle on the outer side of the wall, the third-level baffle on the outer side of the wall, the second-level baffle on the inner side of the wall, and the third-level baffle on the inner side of the wall. A wall air inlet column communicating with the wall gas channel is provided at the bottom of the wall base and the first-level baffle. An insulating base plate is arranged on the inner bottom of the annular metal wall panel. The upper part of the annular metal wall panel has air supply holes along the circumference that communicate with the discharge channel and the wall gas channel respectively. An anode gas distributor that can supply gas to the discharge channel is arranged on the insulating base plate.

[0011] A gas supply regulation method for a distributed gas supply structure of a Hall thruster involves supplying gas to the discharge channel through an anode gas distributor at high flow rates and through a wall gas distributor at low flow rates. During flow rate changes, the gas supply ratio of the anode gas distributor and the wall gas distributor is adjusted to keep the gas density in the ionization region constant, ensuring a stable ionization rate for the Hall thruster. This optimizes the ionization process and enables efficient and stable discharge of the Hall thruster over a wide flow rate range.

[0012] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0013] This invention designs a distributed gas supply structure for a Hall thruster, employing an anode gas distributor and a wall gas distributor in conjunction to achieve a wide range of flow rate variations. The anode gas distributor supplies gas from the bottom of the channel, with the gas density peaking upstream and gradually decreasing downstream. The wall gas distributor homogenizes the gas on the channel sidewall and supplies gas downstream, where the gas density peaks again. By adjusting the supply ratio of these two distributors, the atomic density in the ionization region remains constant throughout the wide flow rate variation, optimizing the ionization process under wide flow rates and expanding the high-efficiency operating range of the Hall thruster. This invention overcomes the problems of traditional Hall thrusters, such as a narrow variable flow rate operating range, low atomic density and insufficient ionization at low flow rates, and numerous ineffective collisions and significant ionization losses at high flow rates.

[0014] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments: Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the hollow column and the intake column of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the wall-mounted gas distributor.

[0019] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of this invention for setting up ceramic channels;

[0020] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure with gas holes arranged on the wall base and the first-stage baffle;

[0021] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of gas holes on the outer secondary baffle and the inner secondary baffle of the wall;

[0022] Figure 8 Atom density distribution diagram in the discharge channel when gas is supplied to the wall gas distributor at a flow rate of 50 sccm;

[0023] Figure 9 Atom density distribution diagram in the discharge channel when the gas supply to the anode gas distributor is 50 sccm;

[0024] Figure 10 Atomic density distribution diagram in the discharge channel when the wall gas distributor is supplied with 25 sccm and the anode gas distributor is supplied with 25 sccm;

[0025] Figure 11 A graph showing the atomic density values ​​of the discharge channel centerline under three gas supply methods when the total gas supply flow rate is 50 sccm.

[0026] Among them: 1-1, intake column; 1-2, solid column; 1-3, anode base; 1-4, anode primary baffle; 1-5, anode secondary baffle; 1-6, anode tertiary baffle; 2-1, solid column; 2-2, intake column; 2-3, wall base and primary baffle; 2-4, outer wall secondary baffle; 2-5, outer wall tertiary baffle; 2-6, double-ring metal wall panel; 2-7, inner wall secondary baffle; 2-8, inner wall tertiary baffle; 3, insulating base plate; 4-1, outer outlet section ceramic; 4-2, inner outlet section ceramic. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention. Unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application should have the ordinary meaning understood by those skilled in the art.

[0028] Combination Figures 1-4 This embodiment of the Hall thruster distributed gas supply structure includes an anode gas distributor, a wall gas distributor, and an insulating base plate 3.

[0029] The wall-mounted gas distributor includes a wall-mounted air inlet column 2-2, a wall-mounted base and a primary baffle 2-3, an outer wall-mounted secondary baffle 2-4, an outer wall-mounted tertiary baffle 2-5, a double-ringed metal wall panel 2-6, an inner wall-mounted secondary baffle 2-7, and an inner wall-mounted tertiary baffle 2-8; the wall-mounted base and primary baffle 2-3, the outer wall-mounted secondary baffle 2-4, the outer wall-mounted tertiary baffle 2-5, the inner wall-mounted secondary baffle 2-7, and the inner wall-mounted tertiary baffle 2-8 are all ring-shaped structures;

[0030] The outer secondary baffle 2-4 and the inner secondary baffle 2-7 are respectively fixed to the wall base and the primary baffle 2-3. The outer tertiary baffle 2-5 and the inner tertiary baffle 2-8 are correspondingly fixed to the outer secondary baffle 2-4 and the inner secondary baffle 2-7. The outer secondary baffle 2-4, the inner secondary baffle 2-7, the outer tertiary baffle 2-5, the inner tertiary baffle 2-8, the wall base, and the primary baffle 2-3 form a working channel. A double-ring metal wall panel 2-6 with a base plate is arranged within the working channel and is fixed to the wall base and the primary baffle 2-3. The outer side of the -6 forms a wall gas channel with the wall base and primary baffle 2-3, the outer secondary baffle 2-4, the outer tertiary baffle 2-5, the inner secondary baffle 2-7, and the inner tertiary baffle 2-8. A wall air inlet column 2-2 communicating with the wall gas channel is provided at the bottom of the wall base and primary baffle 2-3. An insulating base plate 3 is arranged on the inner bottom of the annular metal wall panel 2-6. Gas supply holes 2-6-1 communicating with the discharge channel and the wall gas channel are opened circumferentially on the upper part of the annular metal wall panel 2-6. An anode gas distributor for supplying gas to the discharge channel is arranged on the insulating base plate 3. The wall gas distributor and the anode gas distributor are separated by the insulating base plate 3. The wall gas distributor and the ceramic are interconnected to form the discharge channel.

[0031] This invention designs a distributed gas supply structure for the Hall thruster. At high flow rates, an anode gas distributor located at the bottom of the channel supplies gas, while at low flow rates, a wall gas distributor supplies gas. During flow rate changes, the gas supply ratio of the anode and wall gas distributors is adjusted to maintain a constant gas density in the ionization region, ensuring a stable ionization rate for the Hall thruster. This optimizes the ionization process and achieves efficient and stable discharge across a wide flow rate range. This effectively overcomes the problems of traditional Hall thrusters, such as a narrow variable flow rate operating range, low atomic density and insufficient ionization at low flow rates, and numerous ineffective collisions and significant ionization losses at high flow rates.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, the anode gas distributor receives gas from the anode inlet column 1-2 and supplies gas to the bottom of the channel. The gas density reaches its peak in region I upstream of the channel and gradually decreases downstream. The wall gas distributor receives gas from the wall inlet column 2-2, homogenizes the gas in the wall gas channel through the supply port 2-6-1, and supplies gas downstream of the channel. The gas density reaches its peak in region II downstream of the channel. By adjusting the supply ratio of the two gas distributors, the atomic density in the ionization region remains constant during wide flow rate variations, optimizing the ionization process under wide flow rates and expanding the high-efficiency operating range of the Hall thruster.

[0033] exist Figure 5 In the discharge channel, a metal channel and a ceramic channel are formed. The ceramic channel is composed of an outer outlet section ceramic 4-1 and an inner outlet section ceramic 4-2.

[0034] As one possible implementation method, such as Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the anode gas distributor includes a solid anode column 1-1, an anode inlet column 1-2, an anode base 1-3, a primary anode baffle 1-4, a secondary anode baffle 1-5, and a tertiary anode baffle 1-6. The anode base 1-3 is fixed on the insulating base plate 3, and the primary anode baffle 1-4 is fixed on the anode base 1-3. The primary anode baffle 1-4, the secondary anode baffle 1-5, and the tertiary anode baffle 1-6 are connected sequentially from bottom to top, and adjacent baffles form a gas storage cavity. The primary anode baffle 1-4, the secondary anode baffle 1-5, and the tertiary anode baffle 1-6 are each provided with an outlet hole communicating with the discharge channel. The insulating base plate 3 is provided with an anode inlet column 1-2 that penetrates the wall base and the primary baffle 2-3 and communicates with the gas storage cavity. The wall base and the primary baffle 2-3 are provided with a solid wall column 2-1 and a solid anode column 1-1 at the bottom.

[0035] Typically, the anode base 1-3, the primary anode baffle 1-4, the secondary anode baffle 1-5, and the tertiary anode baffle 1-6 are all annular structures, and are welded together in sequence.

[0036] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the insulating base plate 3 is an annular plate. The anode primary baffle 1-4, anode secondary baffle 1-5, and anode tertiary baffle 1-6 are all double-ring baffles with top plates. This arrangement ensures that the anode and the wall surface are not at the same potential, and the double-ring baffles with bottom plates facilitate gas supply to the anode gas distributor.

[0037] Furthermore, such as Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the anode primary baffle 1-4 has multiple primary air outlets arranged in a single ring. The anode secondary baffle 1-5 has multiple secondary air outlets arranged in a double ring, with the single-ring primary air outlets and the double-ring secondary air outlets staggered. Gas homogenization is achieved through the primary and secondary air outlets.

[0038] As another possible implementation, the wall-mounted gas distributor utilizes the long and narrow characteristics of the metal section to homogenize the airflow through a specific path. Two small holes (such as...) are symmetrically positioned relative to the air intake column on the inner and outer plates of the wall base and the first-stage baffle 2-3. Figure 6 As shown), the inner secondary baffle 2-7 and the outer secondary baffle 2-4 of the wall surface each have four small holes symmetrical to the two holes of the wall base and the primary baffle 2-3 (as shown). Figure 7 As shown), several small radial holes are opened downstream of the wall as air supply holes 2-6-1 (as shown). Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this ensures that the gas flows along the same path to each orifice, greatly improving the homogenization effect.

[0039] like Figures 8-11 As shown, when using the wall-mounted gas distributor alone, with a working gas flow rate of 50 sccm, the gas density distribution within the channel is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, its atomic density peak is located in the ionization region. When using the anode gas distributor alone, with a working gas flow rate of 50 sccm, the gas density distribution within the channel is as follows. Figure 9 As shown, the peak atomic density is located upstream of the channel, with a lower density in the ionization region. The atomic density in the ionization region supplied by the wall gas distributor is nearly twice that of the anode gas distributor. By adjusting the supply ratio of the two, the adjustment range of the atomic density in the ionization region can be increased within a wide range of total flow rate adjustment, ensuring that the atomic density in the ionization region remains at a constant optimal value. When both are supplied with 25 sccm each, the gas density distribution within the channel is as follows. Figure 10 As shown. The channel centerline density under the three gas supply methods is as follows. Figure 11 As shown.

[0040] Optionally, such as Figure 4As shown, one anode inlet column 1-2 and two solid anode columns 1-1 are welded to the anode base 1-3, and one wall inlet column 2-2 and two solid wall columns 2-1 are welded to the wall base and the first-stage baffle 2-3. The three columns of the anode gas distributor and the three columns of the wall gas distributor are symmetrically distributed at intervals and are fixed by fixing columns.

[0041] Furthermore, the wall gas distributor is made of titanium alloy and pure iron. The anode solid column 1-1, anode inlet column 1-2, anode base 1-3, anode primary baffle 1-4, anode secondary baffle 1-5, and anode tertiary baffle 1-6 are all made of titanium alloy or DT4C pure iron. When the thruster size margin is large, the wall gas distributor is made of a high-temperature resistant, low-expansion, non-magnetic alloy, preferably titanium alloy. When the thruster size margin is small, the wall gas distributor can serve as a magnetic shield structure, combining the magnetic shield and the wall gas distributor into one unit, preferably DT4C pure iron.

[0042] The solid column of the anode gas distributor is connected to the positive terminal of the anode power supply to power the thruster. A base plate, preferably Al2O3, insulates the anode gas distributor from the wall gas distributor. The ceramic section at the outlet is preferably made of BN material, forming a discharge channel together with the metallic wall gas distributor. BN material has a moderate secondary electron emission coefficient; its use in areas of intense plasma activity at the channel outlet contributes to enhanced performance and discharge stability.

[0043] Based on the above gas supply structure, such as Figure 5 As shown, a method for regulating gas supply based on the distributed gas supply structure of the Hall thruster described in any of the above embodiments is also provided, comprising: supplying gas to the discharge channel through an anode gas distributor at high flow rates, and supplying gas to the discharge channel through a wall gas distributor at low flow rates; adjusting the gas supply ratio of the anode gas distributor and the wall gas distributor during flow rate changes to keep the gas density in the ionization region constant, ensuring that the ionization rate of the Hall thruster remains stable, thereby optimizing the ionization process and achieving efficient and stable discharge of the Hall thruster within a wide flow rate variation range.

[0044] Furthermore, the anode gas distributor supplies gas from the bottom, and the gas density reaches its peak upstream of the discharge channel and gradually decreases downstream. The wall gas distributor homogenizes the gas on the side wall of the channel and supplies gas downstream of the channel, where the gas density reaches its peak downstream of the channel. By adjusting the gas supply ratio of the two, the atomic density in the ionization region remains constant during wide flow rate changes, thus optimizing the ionization process over a wide flow rate range.

[0045] The present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed structure and technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or alterations shall still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed air supply structure for a Hall thruster, characterized in that: It includes an anode gas distributor, a wall gas distributor, and an insulating base plate (3); The wall-mounted gas distributor includes a wall-mounted air inlet column (2-2), a wall-mounted base and a primary baffle (2-3), a secondary baffle on the outer side of the wall (2-4), a tertiary baffle on the outer side of the wall (2-5), a double-ring metal wall panel (2-6), a secondary baffle on the inner side of the wall (2-7), and a tertiary baffle on the inner side of the wall (2-8); the wall-mounted base and primary baffle (2-3), the secondary baffle on the outer side of the wall (2-4), the tertiary baffle on the outer side of the wall (2-5), the secondary baffle on the inner side of the wall (2-7), and the tertiary baffle on the inner side of the wall (2-8) are all ring structures; The outer secondary baffle (2-4) and inner secondary baffle (2-7) are fixed to the wall base and primary baffle (2-3) respectively. The outer tertiary baffle (2-5) and inner tertiary baffle (2-8) are fixed to the outer secondary baffle (2-4) and inner secondary baffle (2-7) respectively. The outer secondary baffle (2-4), inner secondary baffle (2-7), outer tertiary baffle (2-5), and inner tertiary baffle (2-8) are fixed to the wall base and primary baffle (2-3) respectively. A working channel is formed by the secondary baffle (2-8), the wall base, and the primary baffle (2-3). A double-ring metal wall panel (2-6) with a base plate is arranged within the working channel and is fixedly connected to the wall base and the primary baffle (2-3). The outer sides of the double-ring metal wall panel (2-6) are respectively connected to the wall base and the primary baffle (2-3), the outer secondary baffle (2-4), the outer tertiary baffle (2-5), the inner secondary baffle (2-7), and the inner... A wall gas channel is formed between the three side baffles (2-8). A wall air inlet column (2-2) communicating with the wall gas channel is provided at the bottom of the wall base and the first-level baffle (2-3). An insulating base plate (3) is arranged on the inner bottom of the annular metal wall panel (2-6). An air supply hole (2-6-1) communicating with the discharge channel and the wall gas channel is opened circumferentially on the upper part of the annular metal wall panel (2-6). An anode gas distributor that can supply gas to the discharge channel is arranged on the insulating base plate (3). At high flow rate, gas is supplied to the discharge channel through the anode gas distributor. At low flow rate, gas is supplied to the discharge channel through the wall gas distributor. During the flow rate change, the gas supply ratio of the anode gas distributor and the wall gas distributor is adjusted to keep the gas density in the ionization zone constant, ensure that the ionization rate of the Hall thruster remains stable, and thus optimize the ionization process to complete the efficient and stable discharge of the Hall thruster within a wide flow rate change range.

2. The Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode gas distributor includes a solid anode column (1-1), an anode inlet column (1-2), an anode base (1-3), a primary anode baffle (1-4), a secondary anode baffle (1-5), and a tertiary anode baffle (1-6). The anode base (1-3) is fixed on an insulating base plate (3), the primary anode baffle (1-4) is fixed on the anode base (1-3), and the primary anode baffle (1-4), secondary anode baffle (1-5), and tertiary anode baffle (1-6) are also fixed on the anode base. Connected sequentially from bottom to top, adjacent baffles form a gas storage cavity. The anode primary baffle (1-4), anode secondary baffle (1-5), and anode tertiary baffle (1-6) are respectively provided with gas outlets that communicate with the discharge channel. An anode inlet column (1-2) that penetrates the wall base and primary baffle (2-3) and communicates with the gas storage cavity is provided on the insulating base plate (3). A solid wall column (2-1) and an anode solid column (1-1) are provided at the bottom of the wall base and primary baffle (2-3).

3. The Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The insulating base plate (3) is a ring plate.

4. The Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anode primary baffle (1-4), anode secondary baffle (1-5), and anode tertiary baffle (1-6) are all double-ring baffles with top plates.

5. The Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anode primary baffle (1-4) has multiple primary air outlets arranged in a single ring.

6. The Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The anode secondary baffle (1-5) has multiple secondary air outlets, which are arranged in a double ring. The primary air outlets arranged in a single ring are staggered with the secondary air outlets arranged in a double ring.

7. The Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The solid anode column (1-1), anode air intake column (1-2), anode base (1-3), anode primary baffle (1-4), anode secondary baffle (1-5), and anode tertiary baffle (1-6) are all made of titanium alloy or DT4C pure iron.

8. The Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The insulating base plate (3) is made of aluminum oxide.

9. A Hall thruster distributed air supply structure according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The anode gas distributor supplies gas from the bottom, and the gas density reaches its peak upstream of the discharge channel and gradually decreases downstream. The wall gas distributor homogenizes the gas on the side wall of the channel and supplies gas downstream of the channel, where the gas density reaches its peak downstream of the channel. By adjusting the gas supply ratio of the two, the atomic density in the ionization region remains constant during a wide flow rate variation, thus optimizing the ionization process over a wide flow rate range.

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