A battery swap system, battery swap vehicle, energy management architecture and method

Abstract

The application discloses a battery replacement battery system, a battery replacement vehicle, an energy management architecture and a method. For a plurality of branch batteries, a battery replacement connector, a high-voltage direct-current positive / negative contactor, a current sensor, an SBMU control board and the like are arranged in a high-voltage junction box of each branch, so that each battery branch can be separately charged and discharged, the charging time can be effectively shortened, the battery consistency can be improved, overcharging can be avoided, and the vehicle safety can be improved. Each branch battery is an independent system, electrical isolation is formed through the high-voltage direct-current positive / negative contactor, there is no passage between the branch batteries, and the circulating current phenomenon cannot be formed, so that the overcharging risk can be effectively avoided. In the driving process, if an abnormality occurs in a branch, the branch can be cut off from the system, and the remaining branches normally work, so that the normal and safe operation of the vehicle can be ensured. Energy management adopts a three-layer architecture, realizes centralized control and distributed execution at the vehicle end, and realizes decoupling distributed control at the station end system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of electric vehicle technology, and more specifically to a battery swap system, a battery swap vehicle, an energy management architecture, and a method. Background Art

[0002] Battery-swap heavy trucks generally operate continuously at high loads, with long operating times and high power consumption, and require the configuration of large-capacity batteries. They are often composed of multiple battery packs connected in series and parallel to form a multi-branch battery system. Multiple battery branches are then combined into a single branch or dual branch output in the high-voltage box to connect to the charging pile and / or the entire vehicle load.

[0003] For example, the authorization announcement number CN219600931U discloses a high-voltage box for multi-branch rapid battery replacement, including a box body, two sets of battery input terminals are respectively provided on two sides of the box body, two sets of battery output terminals are provided on the bottom of the box body, and guide columns are provided at both ends of the battery output terminals. The third side of the box body is provided with two sets of charging sockets and grounding. This integrates multiple sets of power input, output and charging units, which are fixed to the battery rack with the battery pack, so that the battery pack can be conveniently charged after it is separated from the vehicle body, and can be quickly disassembled and assembled with the vehicle body, thereby achieving rapid battery replacement without affecting vehicle operation. This patent combines multiple battery branches into dual-branch output and dual-branch charging in the high-voltage box. This approach has the following defects: 1. During charging, after the charging current is evenly divided by multiple branches, the charging current obtained by each branch becomes smaller, resulting in slow charging. 2. Due to the large number of battery cells in the entire battery system, the consistency of the single cells is poor. 3. When charging a multi-branch system, inconsistent voltages between branches can create a discharge loop between the battery branches after charging, leading to circulating currents and overcharging the battery and damaging it. 4. If a single battery branch fails while driving, the entire vehicle will be forced to operate at high voltage, potentially causing it to break down. Therefore, we provide a battery swap system, battery swap vehicle, and energy management architecture and method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a battery swap system, a battery swap vehicle, an energy management architecture and a method to solve the above defects of the existing battery swap system.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The battery replacement system comprises a high-voltage box, a plurality of battery groups and a plurality of battery replacement connectors, each battery group comprises one or more battery packs connected in series, the high-voltage box is provided with a plurality of main loop output ports, a plurality of main loop input ports, a plurality of battery total positive electrodes, a plurality of battery total negative electrodes, a plurality of high-voltage DC positive contactors and a plurality of high-voltage DC negative contactors, the high-voltage box and the plurality of battery groups and the plurality of battery replacement connectors form a plurality of shunt branches connected in parallel, each shunt branch is formed by a loop system of one battery replacement connector, one main loop input port, one high-voltage DC positive contactor, one battery total positive electrode, one battery group, one battery total negative electrode, one high-voltage DC negative contactor and one main loop output port connected in series.

[0007] Further, each shunt branch is further connected in parallel with a heating circuit, the heating circuit comprises a heating positive contactor, a heating output port, a heating positive electrode of a battery pack, a heating negative electrode of the battery pack and a heating input port connected in series, wherein the front end of the heating positive contactor is connected in parallel between the high-voltage DC positive contactor and the battery total positive electrode, and the tail end of the heating input port is connected in parallel between the high-voltage DC negative contactor and the main loop output port.

[0008] Further, each heating positive contactor and each heating output port are further connected in series with a heating positive fuse.

[0009] Further, each shunt branch is further connected in series with a current sensor.

[0010] Further, the high-voltage box is further provided with a plurality of SBMW and one HVB, each SBMW is connected with the battery pack of each shunt branch to monitor the state of each shunt branch, and the HVB is responsible for high-voltage sampling in the high-voltage box and transmitting the sampling to the SBMW.

[0011] Preferably, the high-voltage DC positive contactor and the high-voltage DC negative contactor are contactors with auxiliary contacts.

[0012] The application further provides a battery replacement vehicle comprising a vehicle body and the battery replacement system, and the high-voltage box and the battery replacement connector are mounted on the vehicle body.

[0013] The present invention further provides an energy management framework, including an MBMU control board, an SBMU of a battery swap system, an HVB, and a CSU in a battery pack; the MBMU control board is arranged at the vehicle end and is at the first level of the energy management control architecture, and is used for overall coordination with the battery swap system and external information interaction; the SBMU is at the second level of the energy management control architecture, and is responsible for monitoring the status of the corresponding branch battery, including branch battery SOC / SOH estimation, balancing, SOP prediction, contactor control and status monitoring, fault diagnosis, cell status detection, etc., and controls the operation of the branch battery according to the control instructions requested by the MBMU and / or the station end; the HVB is at the second level of the energy management control architecture, and is responsible for sampling the high voltage in the high-voltage box and transmitting it to the SBMU; the CSU is at the third level of the energy management control architecture, and is responsible for monitoring the corresponding branch battery temperature, voltage and other status information, and executing the corresponding branch battery system information sampling, transmission and balancing actions according to the SBMU request.

[0014] Finally, the present invention also provides an energy management method, including the above energy management framework, as follows:

[0015] (1) MBMU achieves program universalization by encoding the SBMU;

[0016] (2) After the SBMU is encoded, it monitors the battery status information through the CSU of the corresponding branch battery according to the respective codes and transmits it to the MBMU. At the same time, it executes the control instructions of the MBMU and performs the corresponding high-voltage sampling in the high-voltage box through the HVB on the same layer.

[0017] (3) When charging at the station end, the SBMUs each manage the charge and discharge of the corresponding branch batteries by controlling the high-voltage DC positive contactor and high-voltage DC negative contactor of the corresponding branch batteries: 3.1 When charging, one or several battery swap connectors are connected to the corresponding charging piles to realize independent charging of the corresponding branch batteries; 3.2 After the battery swap is completed, several battery swap connectors are connected to the vehicle end respectively, and several branch batteries are connected in parallel to supply power to the entire vehicle; 3.3 During driving, if a battery pack of a branch battery has a serious fault and needs to reduce high voltage, the high-voltage DC positive contactor or high-voltage DC negative contactor of the branch battery is controlled to disconnect, so that the branch battery can be disconnected from the vehicle load.

[0018] Specifically, when the branch battery is charged in the above step (3), the high-voltage DC positive contactor is closed first. When the battery temperature is too low to charge, the heating positive contactor is controlled to be closed, and the battery can be heated by the charging pile power supply until the battery temperature reaches the allowable charging temperature. If the high-voltage DC negative contactor is controlled to be closed at the same time, heating while charging can be achieved. When the battery temperature rises to the temperature at which heating stops, the heating positive contactor is controlled to be disconnected, and heating can be stopped and charging can continue.

[0019] It can be seen from the above description of the present invention that, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. The battery-swap system of the present invention includes multiple branch batteries connected in parallel. Each branch battery has a battery-swap connector, a high-voltage DC positive contactor, a high-voltage DC negative contactor, etc. in the high-voltage junction box, so that each battery branch can be charged and discharged independently, which can effectively shorten the charging time and improve the battery consistency. In addition, it can solve the circulation problem between the branches of the battery and avoid overcharging. Each branch battery is an independent system, which is electrically isolated by the high-voltage DC positive / negative contactor. There is no path between the branch batteries, and no circulation phenomenon will be formed, which can effectively avoid the risk of overcharging.

[0021] 2. In the battery replacement system of the present invention, if an abnormality occurs in a branch during driving, it can be cut off from the system, and the remaining branches can operate normally to ensure the normal and safe operation of the vehicle.

[0022] 3. The energy management of the battery replacement in the present invention adopts a three-layer architecture to realize centralized control and distributed execution on the vehicle side and decoupled distributed control on the station side. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is an architectural diagram of the battery replacement system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the energy management framework of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Numerous details are provided below to provide a comprehensive understanding of the present invention, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention can be practiced without these details. Well-known components, methods, and processes are not described in detail below.

[0026] A battery replacement system, referring to Figure 1 , including a high-voltage box 1, several battery packs 2 and several battery exchange connectors 3. The high-voltage box 1, several battery packs 2 and several battery exchange connectors 3 form several branch batteries connected in parallel. This embodiment is specifically described with three branch batteries. Of course, dual branch batteries or more than three branch batteries can also adopt the battery exchange battery system of the present invention.

[0027] Reference Figure 1The high-voltage box 1 is provided with three main circuit input ports 101, three main circuit output ports 102, three battery total positive poles 103, three battery total negative poles 104, three high-voltage DC positive contactors 105, three high-voltage DC negative contactors 106, three current sensors 107, three heating output ports 108, three heating input ports 109, three heating positive contactors 110, three SBMUs 111 and one HVB 112, etc.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 Each battery group 2 has one or more battery packs 21 connected in series, and the battery pack 21 is provided with a positive electrode 211, a negative electrode 212, a heating positive electrode 213, a heating negative electrode 214, a low voltage input 215, a low voltage output 216, etc.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 Each branch battery consists of a battery replacement connector 3, a main circuit input port 101, a high-voltage DC positive contactor 105, a battery total positive electrode 103, a battery pack 2 ( Figure 1 The circuit system shown in FIG. 1 is formed by connecting two battery packs 21 in series, a total battery negative electrode 104, a current sensor 107, a high-voltage DC negative contactor 106, and a main circuit output port 102 in series. The total battery positive electrode 103 of the high-voltage box 1 is connected to the positive electrode 211 of the battery pack 21 via a wire, and the negative electrode 212 of the battery box is connected to the total battery negative electrode 104 of the high-voltage box 1 via a wire.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 A heating circuit is also connected in parallel to each branch battery. The heating circuit includes a heating positive contactor 110, a heating output port 108, a heating positive electrode 213 of the battery pack, a heating negative electrode 214 of the battery pack, and a heating input port 109 connected in series in sequence. The front end of the heating positive contactor 110 is connected in parallel between the high-voltage DC positive contactor 105 and the total positive electrode 103 of the battery, and the end of the heating input port 109 is connected in parallel between the high-voltage DC negative contactor 106 and the main circuit output port 102.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 A heating positive fuse 113 is also connected in series between each of the heating positive contactors 110 and each of the heating output ports 108. The heating positive fuse 113 is mainly capable of quickly blowing when a short circuit occurs in the heating circuit to disconnect the heating circuit.

[0032] Reference Figure 1The three SBMUs 111 correspond to the three branch battery packs 1, respectively, to monitor the status of each branch battery. Specifically, the low-voltage input port of the SBMU 111 is connected to the low-voltage input port 215 of the battery pack, and the low-voltage output port 216 returns to the low-voltage output port of the SBMU 111. The HVB 112 is responsible for sampling the high-voltage voltage within the high-voltage box 1 and transmitting it to the SBMU 111.

[0033] Reference Figure 1 Considering that the three branch batteries are merged at the vehicle end, the rear ends of the high-voltage DC positive contactors 105 between the three branch batteries share a common point, and the rear ends of the high-voltage DC negative contactors 106 between the three branch batteries also share a common point. If the voltage difference method is used to judge the contactor status, it will be misjudged due to disturbances. Therefore, the high-voltage DC positive contactor 105 and the high-voltage DC negative contactor 106 are both contactors with auxiliary contacts.

[0034] The present invention also provides an energy management framework, referring to Figure 2 , including the MBMU control board, the SBMU and HVB of the above-mentioned battery replacement system, and the CSU in the battery pack.

[0035] The MBMU control board is located on the vehicle side, at the first level of the energy management control architecture. The MBMU can be standalone or integrated into the vehicle's domain control unit (DCU). It coordinates the battery swap system's internal operations, interacts with external information, and controls the entire battery system's operation based on external requests.

[0036] The above-mentioned SBMU is at the second level of the energy management control architecture and is responsible for monitoring the status of the corresponding branch battery, including branch battery SOC / SOH estimation, balancing, SOP prediction, contactor control and status monitoring, fault diagnosis, battery cell status detection, etc., and controls the operation of the branch battery according to the control instructions requested by the MBMU control board and / or the station end.

[0037] The HVB is located at the second level of the energy management control architecture and is responsible for sampling the high voltage inside the high voltage box and transmitting it to the SBMU.

[0038] The above-mentioned CSU is at the third level of the energy management control architecture, responsible for monitoring the status information of the corresponding branch battery, such as temperature and voltage, and executing the corresponding branch battery system information sampling, transmission and balancing actions according to the SBMU request.

[0039] The energy management method of the above energy management framework is as follows:

[0040] (1) MBMU achieves program universalization by encoding the SBMU;

[0041] (2) After the SBMU is encoded, it monitors the battery status information through the CSU of the corresponding branch battery according to the respective codes and transmits it to the MBMU. At the same time, it executes the control instructions of the MBMU and performs the corresponding high-voltage sampling in the high-voltage box through the HVB on the same layer.

[0042] (3) When charging at the station end, the SBMUs each manage the charge and discharge of the corresponding branch batteries by controlling the high-voltage DC positive contactor and high-voltage DC negative contactor of the corresponding branch batteries: 3.1 When charging, one or several battery swap connectors are connected to the corresponding charging piles to realize independent charging of the corresponding branch batteries; 3.2 After the battery swap is completed, several battery swap connectors are connected to the vehicle end respectively, and several branch batteries are connected in parallel to supply power to the entire vehicle; 3.3 During driving, if a battery pack of a branch battery has a serious fault and needs to reduce high voltage, the high-voltage DC positive contactor or high-voltage DC negative contactor of the branch battery is controlled to disconnect, so that the branch battery can be disconnected from the vehicle load.

[0043] When the branch battery is charged in the above step (3), the high-voltage DC positive contactor is closed first. When the battery temperature is too low to charge, the heating positive contactor is controlled to be closed, and the battery can be heated by the charging pile power supply until the battery temperature reaches the allowable charging temperature. If the high-voltage DC negative contactor is controlled to be closed at the same time, heating while charging can be achieved. When the battery temperature rises to the temperature at which heating stops, the heating positive contactor is controlled to be disconnected, and heating can be stopped and charging can continue.

[0044] The above is only a specific implementation of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited to this. Any non-substantial changes to the present invention using this concept shall be deemed as an infringement of the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery swap system, comprising a high-voltage box, several battery packs, and several battery swap connectors, wherein each battery pack comprises one or more battery packs connected in series, characterized in that: The high-voltage box is provided with several main circuit output ports, several main circuit input ports, several battery total positive poles, several battery total negative poles, several high-voltage DC positive contactors and several high-voltage DC negative contactors. The high-voltage box and the several battery packs and several battery exchange connectors form several branch batteries connected in parallel. Each branch battery is composed of a battery exchange connector, a main circuit input port, a high-voltage DC positive contactor, a battery total positive pole, a battery pack, a battery total negative pole, a high-voltage DC negative contactor and a main circuit output port in series to form a circuit system.

2. A battery replacement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heating circuit is also connected in parallel to each branch battery, and the heating circuit includes a heating positive contactor, a heating output port, a heating positive electrode of the battery pack, a heating negative electrode of the battery pack, and a heating input port connected in series in sequence, wherein the front end of the heating positive contactor is connected in parallel between the high-voltage DC positive contactor and the total positive electrode of the battery, and the end of the heating input port is connected in parallel between the high-voltage DC negative contactor and the main circuit output port.

3. A battery replacement system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heating positive fuse is also connected in series between each of the heating positive contactors and each of the heating output ports.

4. A battery replacement system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Each branch battery is further connected in series with a current sensor.

5. A battery replacement system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The high-voltage box is also equipped with several SBMUs and an HVB. Each SBMU is connected to the battery pack of each branch battery to monitor the status of each branch battery. The HVB is responsible for sampling the high voltage in the high-voltage box and transmitting it to the SBMU.

6. The battery replacement system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-voltage DC positive contactor and the high-voltage DC negative contactor are both contactors with auxiliary contacts.

7. A battery-swap vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a vehicle body and a battery replacement system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the high-voltage box and the battery replacement connector are installed on the vehicle body.

8. An energy management framework, characterized in that: It includes an MBMU control board, an SBMU of the battery replacement system according to claim 5, an HVB, and a CSU in the battery pack. The MBMU control board is located on the vehicle side and is at the first level of the energy management control architecture. It is used for overall coordination within the battery swap system and for external information interaction. The SBMU is at the second level of the energy management control architecture and is responsible for monitoring the status of the corresponding branch battery, including branch battery SOC / SOH estimation, balancing, SOP prediction, contactor control and status monitoring, fault diagnosis, and cell status detection. It controls the operation of the branch battery according to the control instructions requested by the MBMU control board and / or the station end. The HVB is at the second level of the energy management control architecture and is responsible for sampling the high voltage in the high voltage box and transmitting it to the SBMU; The CSU is at the third level of the energy management control architecture, responsible for monitoring the temperature and voltage status information of the corresponding branch battery, and performing corresponding branch battery system information sampling, transmission and balancing actions according to the SBMU request.

9. An energy management method, characterized in that: The energy management framework according to claim 8 is as follows: (1) MBMU achieves program universalization by encoding the SBMU; (2) After the SBMU is encoded, it monitors the battery status information through the CSU of the corresponding branch battery according to the respective codes and transmits it to the MBMU. At the same time, it executes the control instructions of the MBMU and performs the corresponding high-voltage sampling in the high-voltage box through the HVB on the same layer. (3) When charging at the station end, the SBMUs each manage the charge and discharge of the corresponding branch batteries by controlling the high-voltage DC positive contactor and high-voltage DC negative contactor of the corresponding branch batteries: 3.1 When charging, one or several battery swap connectors are connected to the corresponding charging piles to realize independent charging of the corresponding branch batteries; 3.2 After the battery swap is completed, several battery swap connectors are connected to the vehicle end respectively, and several branch batteries are connected in parallel to supply power to the entire vehicle; 3.3 During driving, if a battery pack of a branch battery has a serious fault and needs to reduce high voltage, the high-voltage DC positive contactor or high-voltage DC negative contactor of the branch battery is controlled to disconnect, so that the branch battery can be disconnected from the vehicle load.

10. An energy management method according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the branch battery is charged in step (3), the high-voltage DC positive contactor is closed first. When the battery temperature is too low to charge, the heating positive contactor is controlled to be closed, and the battery can be heated by the charging pile power supply until the battery temperature reaches the allowable charging temperature. If the high-voltage DC negative contactor is controlled to be closed at the same time, heating while charging can be achieved. When the battery temperature rises to the temperature at which heating stops, the heating positive contactor is controlled to be disconnected, and heating can be stopped and charging can continue.

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