Method for monitoring safety status of coal mine shafts based on blockchain technology

Abstract

A method for monitoring the safety status of coal mine shafts based on blockchain technology obtains analysis results of weak areas in the shaft wall; identifies weak areas on the shaft wall that may cause cracking; sets monitoring nodes at different monitoring layers and monitoring directions; sets up blockchain nodes, connects multiple monitoring nodes and blockchain nodes at different monitoring directions in the same monitoring layer, and forms a private chain for the monitoring layer; connects multiple blockchain nodes underground and the first block on the surface to establish a blockchain shaft wall monitoring system; activates smart contracts; analyzes the status of each blockchain node through blockchain accounting nodes and a blockchain monitoring cloud platform to obtain key status information; determines whether the key status information is within a safe range; and forms a shared cloud monitoring platform for multiple coal mine shafts on the blockchain monitoring cloud platform. This method can achieve real-time monitoring of shaft safety status based on blockchain technology, with relatively comprehensive monitoring content, shared by multiple people, and authentic and valid data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of shaft safety monitoring, and specifically relates to a method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology. Background Art

[0002] Blockchain technology is a distributed ledger storage technology that makes the data stored within it decentralized and tamper-resistant, ensuring its complete security. A blockchain is a chain of blocks. Each block contains specific information, linked together in chronological order. Each node in the blockchain stores complete data in a block-chain structure. Each node is independent and has equal status, relying on a consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency. This chain is stored across all servers, and as long as at least one server in the system is operational, the entire blockchain remains secure.

[0003] The blockchain consensus mechanism is the core technology used by blockchains to process data and achieve secure storage. The blockchain consensus process begins with all accounting nodes processing the data to determine its legitimacy. Each accounting node then sends the results to the blockchain network. The blockchain system processes the results determined by all accounting nodes and, through a consensus algorithm, determines the legitimacy of the data. This legitimate data is then stored in a newly formed block on the blockchain. This process is known as blockchain consensus.

[0004] Compared to traditional networks, blockchain boasts two core advantages: data is difficult to tamper with, and it is decentralized. These two characteristics make the information recorded on blockchain more authentic and reliable, helping to address the problem of mutual distrust. In recent years, blockchain technology has gained increasing attention due to its outstanding advantages, and is gradually being applied to various life scenarios. In particular, driven by the current strong demand for coal, mining depths are constantly increasing, and the stable operation of vertical shafts is playing an increasingly important role in coal mine safety production. However, current problems with shaft safety monitoring include unstable data transmission, imperfect and unintelligent traditional monitoring systems, weak continuity, poor data reliability, and the lack of anti-corrosion modules in monitoring modules. Therefore, applying blockchain technology to shafts, achieving automated monitoring, and establishing a multi-module monitoring cloud platform are emerging research areas for shaft safety monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing technologies, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the safety status of coal mine vertical shafts based on blockchain technology. This method can realize real-time monitoring of the safety status of the shaft based on blockchain technology, and can timely and reliably obtain the safety status of the monitored parts of the shaft wall, which can increase the stability and durability of the shaft use. Safety assurance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Based on the actual geological environment exploration data of the coal mine shaft area, a basic shaft model and a geological environment model are established. The model parameters and environmental conditions are set. The service life and durability of the model in the long-term geological environment are calculated. The calculation results are processed and the analysis results of the weak areas of the shaft wall are obtained.

[0008] Step 2: Based on the analysis results of the weak area of ​​the well wall, the weak area on the well wall where the rupture problem may occur is determined, and multiple monitoring layers 1 are divided vertically in sequence according to the depth of the wellbore and the range of the weak area of ​​the well wall where the rupture problem may occur. A number of monitoring nodes 1 are determined at different monitoring positions in each monitoring layer 1;

[0009] Conduct water quality sampling and analysis on the groundwater around all weak areas, and determine which weak areas have high concentrations of SO4 in the groundwater through water quality sampling and analysis. 2- 、Cl - , and measure the pH value of the surrounding groundwater, and then according to the depth of the wellbore and the surrounding high concentration of SO4 2- 、Cl - The weak area of ​​groundwater is divided into a plurality of monitoring layers 2 in the vertical direction, and a plurality of monitoring nodes 2 are determined at different monitoring positions in each monitoring layer 2;

[0010] Step 3: For monitoring nodes 1 at different monitoring locations within the same monitoring layer 1, perform a node receiving slot 1 slot operation, then bury the sensor group in the node receiving slot 1, and then fill and seal the node receiving slot 1 with a high-performance self-compacting cement material; complete the arrangement of monitoring nodes 1 in all monitoring layers 1 in the same manner; the sensor group consists of a transverse strain temperature sensor and a vertical strain temperature sensor;

[0011] For monitoring nodes 2 at different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer 2, a node receiving slot 2 is opened, a pH sensor is buried in the node receiving slot 2, and then the node receiving slot 2 is filled and blocked with a high-performance self-compacting cement material. At the same time, a small ultrasonic non-destructive detector is installed near each monitoring node 2 in the same monitoring layer 2, and a composite monitoring node is formed using the monitoring nodes 2 at the same position in the same monitoring layer 2 and the small ultrasonic non-destructive detector. The arrangement of the composite monitoring nodes in all monitoring layers 2 is completed in the above manner.

[0012] Step 4: Allocate a monitoring processing module as a blockchain node to each monitoring layer, and lay multiple horizontal auxiliary cables at the same monitoring layer. Use the multiple horizontal auxiliary cables to connect the blockchain node and multiple monitoring nodes at different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer to form a private chain for the monitoring layer. The monitoring processing module has a microprocessor and a data transmission module.

[0013] A monitoring processing module 2 is assigned to each monitoring layer 2 as a blockchain node 2, and multiple horizontal auxiliary cables 2 are laid in the same monitoring layer. The multiple horizontal auxiliary cables 2 are used to connect blockchain nodes 2 at different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer, multiple monitoring nodes 2, and multiple small ultrasonic non-destructive detectors to form a private chain 2 for the monitoring layer; the monitoring processing module 2 has a microprocessor 2 and a data transmission module 2 inside.

[0014] Step 5: Arrange the blockchain first block and multiple blockchain accounting nodes on the ground. The multiple blockchain accounting nodes are divided into two groups, one group corresponds one-to-one with the multiple blockchain nodes, and the other group corresponds one-to-one with the multiple blockchain nodes 2; lay a vertical main cable line 1 to establish a communication connection between the multiple monitoring layer private chains 1 in the wellbore and the ground blockchain first block; lay a vertical main cable line 2 to establish a communication connection between the multiple monitoring layer private chains 2 in the wellbore and the ground blockchain first block; establish a connection between the blockchain first block, the multiple blockchain accounting nodes and the blockchain monitoring cloud platform; use the blockchain monitoring cloud platform, the blockchain first block, the multiple blockchain accounting nodes, the multiple monitoring layer private chains 1, and the multiple monitoring layer private chains 2 to form a blockchain wellbore monitoring system;

[0015] Step 6: Connect the power supply and activate the smart contract of the status information of multiple blockchain nodes 1 under the private chains of multiple monitoring layers and multiple blockchain nodes 2 under the private chains of multiple monitoring layers in the first block of the ground blockchain. Use the monitoring processing module 1 to receive the strain signal and temperature signal collected by each monitoring node 1, obtain and store the strain information and temperature information, and then send it to the first block of the blockchain; use the monitoring processing module 2 to receive the pH value signal and wellbore damage signal collected by each composite monitoring node, obtain and store the pH value data and damage information, and then send it to the first block of the blockchain; use the first block of the ground blockchain to continuously receive and forward the strain information and temperature information sent by multiple blockchain nodes 1 to the corresponding multiple blockchain accounting nodes, receive and forward the pH value information and damage information sent by multiple blockchain nodes 2 to the corresponding multiple blockchain accounting nodes, and the multiple blockchain accounting nodes transmit all the received strain information, temperature information, pH value information and damage information to the blockchain monitoring cloud platform. The strain state, temperature state, pH value state and damage state of each blockchain node are analyzed through the blockchain accounting node and the blockchain monitoring cloud platform to obtain key strain, temperature, pH value and damage state information;

[0016] Step 7: Analyze the accuracy and eligibility of the key status information of blockchain node 1 and blockchain node 2 obtained by each blockchain accounting node through the blockchain practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, and determine whether the key status information of each monitoring area is within the state safety information range based on the analysis results. At the same time, each blockchain accounting node will alarm for the key status information of the blockchain node that is not within the safety range; the blockchain monitoring cloud platform receives the analysis data of each blockchain accounting node, and calculates the annual change based on the change in the safety status information of each blockchain accounting node at the same time point in different years, and predicts the key strain information and temperature information of the well wall;

[0017] Step 8: Repeat steps 1 to 7 for multiple coal mine shafts, use the blockchain monitoring cloud platform to conduct real-time monitoring and status judgment of the status information of each coal mine shaft, and form a shared cloud monitoring platform for multiple coal mine shafts on the blockchain monitoring cloud platform.

[0018] Furthermore, in order to achieve the effect of real-time monitoring and early warning and sharing of well wall safety status information by multiple people, in step seven, the blockchain accounting node analyzes the strain information and temperature information received from the monitoring node one, and analyzes the pH value data and damage information received from the composite monitoring node, and determines the monitoring node one and the composite monitoring node with unsafe status information based on the analysis results and the set threshold range of each monitoring information, and performs visual image display and alarm.

[0019] Furthermore, in step seven, manual analysis of the unqualified status information is conducted to further determine whether the blockchain accounting node's analysis results are correct. This determination is then fed back to the blockchain accounting node and the blockchain cloud platform. By combining manual analysis with data processing and analysis methods based on the blockchain consensus mechanism to analyze and process the collected monitoring site status information, the accuracy of the information analysis and judgment is increased, systematic and random errors are reduced, and it is helpful to summarize the patterns of change.

[0020] Furthermore, in order to more accurately determine the weak areas where rupture problems may occur, in step 2, the weak areas on the shaft wall where rupture problems may occur are determined based on the main technical characteristics of the coal mine shaft, the surrounding geological conditions of the strata, the internal equipment conditions of the shaft, and the shaft wall structural parameters.

[0021] Furthermore, in order to ensure the service life of the cable and to ensure the reliable transmission of monitoring data, in step four, the horizontal auxiliary cable line 1 and the horizontal auxiliary cable line 2 are both corrosion-resistant four-core cables; in step five, the vertical main cable line 1 and the vertical main cable line 2 are both corrosion-resistant multi-core cables, and the specific number of cores is determined according to the monitoring layer design.

[0022] Furthermore, in order to ensure the reliable transmission of monitoring data and to facilitate the reliable prediction of the safety status of the wellbore, in step six, based on the actual situation of the parts of the wellbore structure that are prone to rupture, a specified data collection time interval is specified as a blockchain request to activate the first block of the ground blockchain to obtain the status information of the monitoring node, and at the same time write various sensor parameters; the first block of the ground blockchain transmits the status information acquisition request to each blockchain node, and then the blockchain node receives the safety status information captured by the monitoring node through the private link of the monitoring layer and transmits it to the first block of the ground blockchain; the annual change is estimated based on the change in safety status information of the same blockchain node at the same time point in different years.

[0023] Furthermore, in order to more intuitively display the monitoring results and summarize the damage laws, in step six, the monitoring information of each monitoring node and the data information of each coal mine shaft are processed through a deep learning algorithm to obtain the key status information of each monitoring node. The key status information of each monitoring node is processed to form report process lines, statistical reports and distribution maps, so as to obtain the long-term service damage laws of shafts under various geological conditions, and provide a reference for the construction of new shafts under the same geological conditions and the design of shaft wall monitoring systems.

[0024] In the present invention, a basic wellbore model and a stratum environment model facilitate analysis of the wellbore's overall structure, thereby identifying vulnerable areas prone to structural problems. Multiple monitoring layers are vertically defined based on the wellbore's depth and the extent of the vulnerable areas. Monitoring nodes are then defined at different monitoring locations within each monitoring layer. This allows comprehensive capture of safety status information at different locations within the wellbore, facilitating accurate acquisition of key information about the wellbore's safety status. By creating a first node-accommodating groove in a potentially vulnerable area, embedding a strain-temperature sensor therein, and then filling and sealing it with a high-performance self-compacting cement material, the strain-temperature sensor can be embedded stably within the monitoring area over the long term, facilitating real-time monitoring of strain and temperature changes in the wellbore. By creating a second node-accommodating groove in the vulnerable area, embedding a pH sensor therein, and then filling and sealing it with a high-performance self-compacting cement material, the pH sensor can be embedded stably within the monitoring area over the long term, facilitating real-time monitoring of the pH value of the water surrounding the wellbore. Furthermore, a small ultrasonic nondestructive detector is installed near the pH sensor to monitor damage to the wellbore's thickness in real time. Connecting the monitoring processing module with a microprocessor and a data transmission module inside to the monitoring node can facilitate the reception of the status signal collected by the monitoring node, and can obtain status information based on the status signal. At the same time, it can facilitate the sending of the obtained status information to the first block of the blockchain through the data transmission module; using the first block of the blockchain to establish connections between multiple monitoring layer private chains one, multiple monitoring layer private chains two and multiple block chain accounting nodes, it can facilitate the forwarding of status information received from multiple monitoring layer private chains one to the corresponding multiple location blockchain accounting nodes, and forwarding of status information received from multiple monitoring layer private chains two to the corresponding multiple location blockchain accounting nodes, so that the location blockchain accounting nodes can correspond one-to-one with the blockchain nodes, thereby facilitating the blockchain accounting nodes to analyze and judge the status information sent by the corresponding blockchain nodes. By acquiring collected data through smart contracts and analyzing it using a practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, a more comprehensive blockchain-based wellbore monitoring method has been developed. This approach ensures that even if one or more blockchain accounting nodes malfunction, the results remain stable, ensuring consistent access to monitoring node status information at all times and enhancing the timeliness of data acquisition. By receiving analytical data from each blockchain accounting node through the blockchain monitoring cloud platform, annual changes in security status information are estimated based on changes in each node's security status at the same time point in different years. This facilitates predictive analysis of key strain and temperature information for the wellbore over the coming period. Real-time monitoring and acquisition of critical wellbore thickness damage status information facilitates timely prevention and repair of areas of long-term corrosion damage, extending the wellbore's service life.Forming a shared cloud monitoring platform for multiple coal mine shafts on the blockchain monitoring cloud platform can facilitate the sharing of monitoring information. At the same time, it is conducive to the realization of centralized monitoring operations of multiple coal mine shafts, and provide a reference for the construction of new shafts under the same geological conditions and the design of well wall monitoring systems.

[0025] The present invention introduces blockchain technology into the wellbore monitoring system to form a regional chain blockchain wellbore monitoring system, which can use blockchain data storage technology to store and transmit the status information of the monitored parts of the wellbore structure, and add a wellbore corrosion damage monitoring module to the traditional monitoring system. The blockchain technology is used to monitor the strain, temperature, wellbore thickness damage status information of the risk parts of the coal mine vertical shaft, and the pH value information of the area around the wellbore in real time, and the status information is combined with manual analysis and judgment as well as corresponding judgment standards to perform safety analysis and early warning operations. At the same time, multiple people share the safety status information of multiple wellbore monitoring systems, ensuring the real-time monitoring, enhancing the reliability of the data storage and transmission process, improving the authenticity and reliability of the data, and facilitating the timely and reliable acquisition of the safety status of the monitored parts of the wellbore, increasing the stability and durability of the wellbore. Safety protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the layout of the blockchain well wall monitoring system in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the layout of the blockchain well wall monitoring system in the present invention Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the present invention provides a method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Based on the actual geological environment exploration data of the coal mine shaft area, a basic shaft model and a geological environment model are established. The model parameters and environmental conditions are set. The service life and durability of the model in the long-term geological environment are calculated. The calculation results are processed and the analysis results of the weak areas of the shaft wall are obtained.

[0032] As a preferred method, the large-scale finite element software ANSYS can be used to study and analyze the actual formation environment exploration data, and the parameters of the basic wellbore model and the formation environment model and the environmental conditions can be set by using the APDL tool and GUI operation method;

[0033] Step 2: Based on the analysis results of the weak area of ​​the well wall, the weak area on the well wall where the rupture problem may occur is determined, and multiple monitoring layers 1 are divided vertically in sequence according to the depth of the wellbore and the range of the weak area of ​​the well wall where the rupture problem may occur. A number of monitoring nodes 1 are determined at different monitoring positions in each monitoring layer 1;

[0034] Conduct water quality sampling and analysis on the groundwater around all weak areas, and determine which weak areas have high concentrations of SO4 in the groundwater through water quality sampling and analysis. 2- 、Cl - , and measure the pH value of the surrounding groundwater, and then according to the depth of the wellbore and the surrounding high concentration of SO4 2- 、Cl - The weak area of ​​groundwater is divided into a plurality of monitoring layers 2 in the vertical direction, and a plurality of monitoring nodes 2 are determined at different monitoring positions in each monitoring layer 2;

[0035] Step 3: For monitoring nodes 1 at different monitoring locations within the same monitoring layer 1, perform a node receiving slot 1 slot operation, then bury the sensor group in the node receiving slot 1, and then fill and seal the node receiving slot 1 with a high-performance self-compacting cement material; complete the arrangement of monitoring nodes 1 in all monitoring layers 1 in the same manner; the sensor group consists of a transverse strain temperature sensor and a vertical strain temperature sensor;

[0036] For monitoring nodes 2 at different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer 2, a node receiving groove 2 is opened, and then pH sensor 2 is buried in the node receiving groove 2. Then, high-performance self-compacting cement material is used to fill and seal the node receiving groove 2. At the same time, a small ultrasonic non-destructive detector is installed near each monitoring node 2 in the same monitoring layer 2. The monitoring nodes 2 in the same position in the same monitoring layer 2 and the small ultrasonic non-destructive detector are used to form a composite monitoring node. The arrangement of the composite monitoring nodes in all monitoring layers 2 is completed in the above manner.

[0037] Step 4: Assign a monitoring processing module as a blockchain node to each monitoring layer, and lay multiple horizontal auxiliary cables in the same monitoring layer, and use the multiple horizontal auxiliary cables to connect the blockchain node and multiple monitoring nodes in different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer to form a private chain of the monitoring layer; the monitoring processing module has a microprocessor and a data transmission module inside; each monitoring processing module can receive the well wall safety status information of the corresponding monitoring part collected by each monitoring node in the same monitoring layer; as a preferred embodiment, the number of monitoring nodes arranged in the same monitoring layer meets the monitoring requirements of different monitoring positions, thereby ensuring that the radiation surface of the monitoring can be more comprehensive, and then the safety status information of the well wall in different positions can be reliably obtained, which is further conducive to ensuring the safety of the well wall.

[0038] A monitoring processing module 2 is assigned to each monitoring layer 2 as a blockchain node 2, and multiple horizontal auxiliary cables 2 are laid in the same monitoring layer. The multiple horizontal auxiliary cables 2 are used to connect the blockchain nodes 2, multiple monitoring nodes 2 and multiple small ultrasonic non-destructive detectors in different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer to form a monitoring layer private chain 2; the monitoring processing module 2 has a microprocessor 2 and a data transmission module 2 inside; each monitoring processing module 2 can receive the wellbore safety status information of the corresponding monitoring part collected by each composite monitoring node in the same monitoring layer 2; as a preferred embodiment, the number of composite monitoring nodes arranged in the same monitoring layer 2 meets the monitoring requirements of different monitoring positions, thereby ensuring that the monitored radiation surface can be more comprehensive, and then the safety status information of the wellbore in different positions can be reliably obtained, which is further conducive to ensuring the safety of the wellbore.

[0039] Step 5: Arrange the blockchain first block and multiple blockchain accounting nodes on the ground. The multiple blockchain accounting nodes are divided into two groups, one group corresponds one-to-one with the multiple blockchain nodes, and the other group corresponds one-to-one with the multiple blockchain nodes 2; lay a vertical main cable line 1 to establish a communication connection between the multiple monitoring layer private chains 1 in the wellbore and the ground blockchain first block; lay a vertical main cable line 2 to establish a communication connection between the multiple monitoring layer private chains 2 in the wellbore and the ground blockchain first block; establish a connection between the blockchain first block, the multiple blockchain accounting nodes and the blockchain monitoring cloud platform; use the blockchain monitoring cloud platform, the blockchain first block, the multiple blockchain accounting nodes, the multiple monitoring layer private chains 1, and the multiple monitoring layer private chains 2 to form a blockchain wellbore monitoring system;

[0040] As a further optimization, a well wall corrosion monitoring module can be added using Dreamweaver 8.0 software tool to facilitate comprehensive analysis of the damage to the well wall thickness;

[0041] Step 6: Connect the power supply and activate the smart contract of the status information of multiple blockchain nodes 1 under the private chains of multiple monitoring layers and multiple blockchain nodes 2 under the private chains of multiple monitoring layers in the first block of the ground blockchain. Use the monitoring processing module 1 to receive the strain signal and temperature signal collected by each monitoring node 1, obtain and store the strain information and temperature information, and then send it to the first block of the blockchain; use the monitoring processing module 2 to receive the pH value signal and wellbore damage signal collected by each composite monitoring node, obtain and store the pH value data and damage information, and then send it to the first block of the blockchain; use the first block of the ground blockchain to continuously receive and forward the strain information and temperature information sent by multiple blockchain nodes 1 to the corresponding multiple blockchain accounting nodes, receive and forward the pH value information and damage information sent by multiple blockchain nodes 2 to the corresponding multiple blockchain accounting nodes, and the multiple blockchain accounting nodes transmit all the received strain information, temperature information, pH value information and damage information to the blockchain monitoring cloud platform. The strain state, temperature state, pH value state and damage state of each blockchain node are analyzed through the blockchain accounting node and the blockchain monitoring cloud platform to obtain key strain, temperature, pH value and damage state information;

[0042] Step 7: The accuracy and eligibility of the key status information of blockchain node 1 and blockchain node 2 obtained by each blockchain accounting node are analyzed through the blockchain practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, and based on the analysis results, it is determined whether the key status information of each monitoring area is within the state safety information range. At the same time, each blockchain accounting node will alarm for the key status information of the blockchain node that is not within the safety range. Specifically, the key status information and well wall damage warning standards are shown in Table 1; the blockchain monitoring cloud platform receives the analysis data of each blockchain accounting node, and calculates the annual change based on the change in the safety status information of each blockchain accounting node at the same time point in different years, and predicts the key strain information and temperature information of the well wall;

[0043] Table 1: Criteria for key status information and wellbore damage warning

[0044]

[0045]

[0046] Note: Displacement meter: -10 to 10 mm is within the normal range. The pH value of groundwater and the thickness of the well wall of different projects are used as the original measured values ​​to judge the well wall damage based on the actual survey data.

[0047] Step 8: Repeat steps 1 to 7 for multiple coal mine shafts, use the blockchain monitoring cloud platform to conduct real-time monitoring and status judgment of the status information of each coal mine shaft, and form a shared cloud monitoring platform for multiple coal mine shafts on the blockchain monitoring cloud platform.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, in step seven, the blockchain accounting node analyzes the strain information and temperature information received from the monitoring node one, analyzes the pH value data and damage information received from the composite monitoring node, and determines the monitoring node one and the composite monitoring node with unsafe status information based on the analysis results and the set threshold range of each monitoring information, and performs visual image display and alarm to achieve the effect of real-time monitoring and early warning and sharing of well wall safety status information by multiple people.

[0049] In order to increase the accuracy of information analysis and judgment and reduce systematic errors and random errors, in step seven, the unqualified status information is further analyzed manually to further determine whether the analysis results of the blockchain accounting node are correct, and the judgment results are fed back to the blockchain accounting node and the blockchain cloud platform.

[0050] In order to more accurately determine the weak areas where rupture problems may occur, in step 2, the weak areas on the shaft wall where rupture problems may occur are determined based on the main technical characteristics of the shaft of the coal mine, the geological conditions of the surrounding strata, the equipment conditions inside the shaft, and the shaft wall structural parameters.

[0051] In order to ensure the service life of the cable and to ensure the reliable transmission of monitoring data, in step four, the horizontal auxiliary cable line 1 and the horizontal auxiliary cable line 2 are both corrosion-resistant four-core cables; in step five, the vertical main cable line 1 and the vertical main cable line 2 are both corrosion-resistant multi-core cables, and the specific number of cores is determined according to the monitoring layer design.

[0052] In order to ensure the reliable transmission of monitoring data and facilitate the reliable prediction of the safety status of the wellbore, in step six, based on the actual situation of the parts of the wellbore structure that are prone to rupture, a specified data collection time interval is specified as a blockchain request to activate the first block of the ground blockchain to obtain the status information of the monitoring node, and at the same time write various sensor parameters; the first block of the ground blockchain transmits the status information acquisition request to each blockchain node, and then the blockchain node receives the safety status information captured by the monitoring node through the private link of the monitoring layer and transmits it to the first block of the ground blockchain; the annual change is estimated based on the change in safety status information of the same blockchain node at the same time point in different years.

[0053] In order to more intuitively display the monitoring results and summarize the damage laws, in step six, the monitoring information of each monitoring node and the data information of each coal mine shaft are processed through a deep learning algorithm to obtain the key status information of each monitoring node. The key status information of each monitoring node is processed to form data graphics such as report process lines, statistical reports and distribution maps, so as to obtain the long-term service damage laws of shafts under various geological conditions, and provide a reference for the construction of new shafts under the same geological conditions and the design of shaft wall monitoring systems.

[0054] In the present invention, a basic wellbore model and a stratum environment model facilitate analysis of the wellbore's overall structure, thereby identifying vulnerable areas prone to structural problems. Multiple monitoring layers are vertically defined based on the wellbore's depth and the extent of the vulnerable areas. Monitoring nodes are then defined at different monitoring locations within each monitoring layer. This allows comprehensive capture of safety status information at different locations within the wellbore, facilitating accurate acquisition of key information about the wellbore's safety status. By creating a first node-accommodating groove in a potentially vulnerable area, embedding a strain-temperature sensor therein, and then filling and sealing it with a high-performance self-compacting cement material, the strain-temperature sensor can be embedded stably within the monitoring area over the long term, facilitating real-time monitoring of strain and temperature changes in the wellbore. By creating a second node-accommodating groove in the vulnerable area, embedding a pH sensor therein, and then filling and sealing it with a high-performance self-compacting cement material, the pH sensor can be embedded stably within the monitoring area over the long term, facilitating real-time monitoring of the pH value of the water surrounding the wellbore. Furthermore, a small ultrasonic nondestructive detector is installed near the pH sensor to monitor damage to the wellbore's thickness in real time. Connecting the monitoring processing module with a microprocessor and a data transmission module inside to the monitoring node can facilitate the reception of the status signal collected by the monitoring node, and can obtain status information based on the status signal. At the same time, it can facilitate the sending of the obtained status information to the first block of the blockchain through the data transmission module; using the first block of the blockchain to establish connections between multiple monitoring layer private chains one, multiple monitoring layer private chains two and multiple block chain accounting nodes, it can facilitate the forwarding of status information received from multiple monitoring layer private chains one to the corresponding multiple location blockchain accounting nodes, and forwarding of status information received from multiple monitoring layer private chains two to the corresponding multiple location blockchain accounting nodes, so that the location blockchain accounting nodes can correspond one-to-one with the blockchain nodes, thereby facilitating the blockchain accounting nodes to analyze and judge the status information sent by the corresponding blockchain nodes. By acquiring collected data through smart contracts and analyzing it using a practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, a more comprehensive blockchain-based wellbore monitoring method has been developed. This approach ensures that even if one or more blockchain accounting nodes malfunction, the results remain stable, ensuring consistent access to monitoring node status information at all times and enhancing the timeliness of data acquisition. By receiving analytical data from each blockchain accounting node through the blockchain monitoring cloud platform, annual changes in security status information are estimated based on changes in each node's security status at the same time point in different years. This facilitates predictive analysis of key strain and temperature information for the wellbore over the coming period. Real-time monitoring and acquisition of critical wellbore thickness damage status information facilitates timely prevention and repair of areas of long-term corrosion damage, extending the wellbore's service life.Forming a shared cloud monitoring platform for multiple coal mine shafts on the blockchain monitoring cloud platform can facilitate the sharing of monitoring information. At the same time, it is conducive to the realization of centralized monitoring operations of multiple coal mine shafts, and provide a reference for the construction of new shafts under the same geological conditions and the design of well wall monitoring systems.

[0055] The present invention introduces blockchain technology into the wellbore monitoring system to form a regional chain blockchain wellbore monitoring system, which can use blockchain data storage technology to store and transmit the status information of the monitored parts of the wellbore structure, and add a wellbore corrosion damage monitoring module to the traditional monitoring system. The blockchain technology is used to monitor the strain, temperature, wellbore thickness damage status information of the risk parts of the coal mine vertical shaft, and the pH value information of the area around the wellbore in real time, and the status information is combined with manual analysis and judgment as well as corresponding judgment standards to perform safety analysis and early warning operations. At the same time, multiple people share the safety status information of multiple wellbore monitoring systems, ensuring the real-time monitoring, enhancing the reliability of the data storage and transmission process, improving the authenticity and reliability of the data, and facilitating the timely and reliable acquisition of the safety status of the monitored parts of the wellbore, increasing the stability and durability of the wellbore. Safety protection.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the safety status of coal mine shafts based on blockchain technology, characterized in that: Specifically include the following steps: Step 1: Based on the actual geological environment exploration data of the coal mine shaft area, a basic shaft model and a geological environment model are established. The model parameters and environmental conditions are set. The service life and durability of the model in the long-term geological environment are calculated. The calculation results are processed and the analysis results of the weak areas of the shaft wall are obtained. Step 2: Based on the analysis results of the weak area of ​​the well wall, the weak area on the well wall where the rupture problem may occur is determined, and multiple monitoring layers 1 are divided vertically in sequence according to the depth of the wellbore and the range of the weak area of ​​the well wall where the rupture problem may occur. A number of monitoring nodes 1 are determined at different monitoring positions in each monitoring layer 1; Conduct water quality sampling and analysis on the groundwater around all weak areas, and determine which weak areas have high concentrations of SO4 in the groundwater through water quality sampling and analysis. 2- 、Cl - , and measure the pH value of the surrounding groundwater, and then according to the depth of the wellbore and the surrounding high concentration of SO4 2- 、Cl - The weak area of ​​groundwater is divided into a plurality of monitoring layers 2 in the vertical direction, and a plurality of monitoring nodes 2 are determined at different monitoring positions in each monitoring layer 2; Step 3: For monitoring nodes 1 at different monitoring locations within the same monitoring layer 1, perform a node receiving slot 1 slot operation, then bury the sensor group in the node receiving slot 1, and then fill and seal the node receiving slot 1 with a high-performance self-compacting cement material; complete the arrangement of monitoring nodes 1 in all monitoring layers 1 in the same manner; the sensor group consists of a transverse strain temperature sensor and a vertical strain temperature sensor; For monitoring nodes 2 at different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer 2, a node receiving slot 2 is opened, a pH sensor is buried in the node receiving slot 2, and then the node receiving slot 2 is filled and blocked with a high-performance self-compacting cement material. At the same time, a small ultrasonic non-destructive detector is installed near each monitoring node 2 in the same monitoring layer 2, and a composite monitoring node is formed using the monitoring nodes 2 at the same position in the same monitoring layer 2 and the small ultrasonic non-destructive detector. The arrangement of the composite monitoring nodes in all monitoring layers 2 is completed in the above manner. Step 4: Allocate a monitoring processing module as a blockchain node to each monitoring layer, and lay multiple horizontal auxiliary cables at the same monitoring layer. Use the multiple horizontal auxiliary cables to connect the blockchain node and multiple monitoring nodes at different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer to form a private chain for the monitoring layer. The monitoring processing module has a microprocessor and a data transmission module. A monitoring processing module 2 is assigned to each monitoring layer 2 as a blockchain node 2, and multiple horizontal auxiliary cables 2 are laid in the same monitoring layer. The multiple horizontal auxiliary cables 2 are used to connect blockchain nodes 2 at different monitoring positions in the same monitoring layer, multiple monitoring nodes 2, and multiple small ultrasonic non-destructive detectors to form a private chain 2 for the monitoring layer; the monitoring processing module 2 has a microprocessor 2 and a data transmission module 2 inside. Step 5: Arrange the blockchain first block and multiple blockchain accounting nodes on the ground. The multiple blockchain accounting nodes are divided into two groups, one group corresponds one-to-one with the multiple blockchain nodes, and the other group corresponds one-to-one with the multiple blockchain nodes 2; lay a vertical main cable line 1 to establish a communication connection between the multiple monitoring layer private chains 1 in the wellbore and the ground blockchain first block; lay a vertical main cable line 2 to establish a communication connection between the multiple monitoring layer private chains 2 in the wellbore and the ground blockchain first block; establish a connection between the blockchain first block, the multiple blockchain accounting nodes and the blockchain monitoring cloud platform; use the blockchain monitoring cloud platform, the blockchain first block, the multiple blockchain accounting nodes, the multiple monitoring layer private chains 1, and the multiple monitoring layer private chains 2 to form a blockchain wellbore monitoring system; Step 6: Connect the power supply and activate the smart contract of the status information of multiple blockchain nodes 1 under the private chains of multiple monitoring layers and multiple blockchain nodes 2 under the private chains of multiple monitoring layers in the first block of the ground blockchain. Use the monitoring processing module 1 to receive the strain signal and temperature signal collected by each monitoring node 1, obtain and store the strain information and temperature information, and then send it to the first block of the blockchain; use the monitoring processing module 2 to receive the pH value signal and wellbore damage signal collected by each composite monitoring node, obtain and store the pH value data and damage information, and then send it to the first block of the blockchain; use the first block of the ground blockchain to continuously receive and forward the strain information and temperature information sent by multiple blockchain nodes 1 to the corresponding multiple blockchain accounting nodes, receive and forward the pH value information and damage information sent by multiple blockchain nodes 2 to the corresponding multiple blockchain accounting nodes, and the multiple blockchain accounting nodes transmit all the received strain information, temperature information, pH value information and damage information to the blockchain monitoring cloud platform. The strain state, temperature state, pH value state and damage state of each blockchain node are analyzed through the blockchain accounting node and the blockchain monitoring cloud platform to obtain key strain, temperature, pH value and damage state information; Step 7: Analyze the accuracy and eligibility of the key status information of blockchain node 1 and blockchain node 2 obtained by each blockchain accounting node through the blockchain practical Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, and determine whether the key status information of each monitoring area is within the state safety information range based on the analysis results. At the same time, each blockchain accounting node will alarm for the key status information of the blockchain node that is not within the safety range; the blockchain monitoring cloud platform receives the analysis data of each blockchain accounting node, and calculates the annual change based on the change in the safety status information of each blockchain accounting node at the same time point in different years, and predicts the key strain information and temperature information of the well wall; Step 8: Repeat steps 1 to 7 for multiple coal mine shafts, use the blockchain monitoring cloud platform to conduct real-time monitoring and status judgment of the status information of each coal mine shaft, and form a shared cloud monitoring platform for multiple coal mine shafts on the blockchain monitoring cloud platform.

2. A method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step seven, the blockchain accounting node analyzes the strain information and temperature information received from the monitoring node one, and analyzes the pH value data and damage information received from the composite monitoring node, and determines the monitoring node one and the composite monitoring node with unsafe status information based on the analysis results and the set threshold range of each monitoring information, and performs visual image display and alarm to achieve the effect of real-time monitoring and early warning and sharing of well wall safety status information by multiple people.

3. The method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In step seven, the unqualified status information is further analyzed manually to further determine whether the analysis results of the blockchain accounting node are correct, and the judgment results are fed back to the blockchain accounting node and the blockchain cloud platform.

4. A method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step 2, based on the main technical characteristics of the coal mine shaft, the surrounding geological conditions, the internal equipment of the shaft, and the shaft wall structural parameters, the weak areas on the shaft wall where rupture problems may occur are determined.

5. The method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step 4, the horizontal auxiliary cable line 1 and the horizontal auxiliary cable line 2 are both corrosion-resistant four-core cables; in step 5, the vertical main cable line 1 and the vertical main cable line 2 are both corrosion-resistant multi-core cables, and the specific number of cores is determined according to the monitoring layer design.

6. The method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: In step six, based on the actual conditions of the wellbore structure at the locations prone to rupture, a specified data collection time interval is specified as a blockchain request to activate the first block of the ground blockchain to obtain the status information of the monitoring nodes, and the various sensor parameters are simultaneously written. The first block of the ground blockchain transmits the status information acquisition request to each blockchain node. The blockchain node then receives the security status information captured by the monitoring node through the private link of the monitoring layer and transmits it to the first block of the ground blockchain. The annual change is estimated based on the change in security status information of the same blockchain node at the same time point in different years.

7. The method for monitoring the safety status of a coal mine shaft based on blockchain technology according to claim 6 is characterized in that: In step six, the monitoring information of each monitoring node and the data information of each coal mine shaft are processed through a deep learning algorithm to obtain the key status information of each monitoring node. The key status information of each monitoring node is processed to form a report process line, statistical report and distribution map, so as to obtain the long-term service damage law of the shaft under various geological conditions, and provide a reference for the construction of new shafts under the same geological conditions and the design of shaft wall monitoring systems.

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