A method for testing the performance of a rupture disc under a high-pressure hydrogen environment

Abstract

The present application relates to the manufacturing detection technology of hydrogen storage and transportation equipment safety accessories, aiming at providing a rupture disc performance test method under high-pressure hydrogen environment. The method is to set a dark box, an image equipment protection bin and a light path system on the test cavity, and cooperate with the use of gas path system and control system; using the principle that the reflectivity of rupture disc itself is limited, the shape of the broken membrane flap is different, and the reflection angle is uncertain, a mirror surface is set in the end face step of the test cavity to expand the light path, so as to more clearly and accurately observe the rupture action of the rupture disc in real time, and then the high-pressure hydrogen environment of the to-be-tested rupture disc is tested or observed. The present application can prevent the impact of high-pressure hydrogen jet on expensive high-speed camera equipment, protect the safety of test personnel and equipment, reduce the interference of environmental light on the test, improve the accuracy of shooting, and realize the test of various performances of different types of rupture discs under different conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a manufacturing and testing technology for safety accessories of hydrogen storage and transportation equipment, and in particular to a method for testing the performance of bursting discs in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. Background Art

[0002] To address climate change and alleviate fuel shortages, accelerating the decarbonization of energy is an inevitable choice for achieving sustainable development. As the most promising secondary energy source in the new century, hydrogen has become a major strategic direction in the global energy revolution.

[0003] High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is the most widely used hydrogen storage method. Given the degrading effects of hydrogen on materials and its flammability, explosion, and leakage hazards, hydrogen pressure-bearing equipment typically requires the installation of appropriate overpressure relief devices. Currently, national standards regarding the selection and installation of overpressure relief devices for high-pressure hydrogen systems are not standardized, and each has its own technical drawbacks. For example, common temperature-driven overpressure relief devices (TPRDs) or safety valves often have complex structural designs and strict manufacturing requirements, posing safety risks such as delayed actuation. Furthermore, most are imported and expensive, and their service performance in high-pressure hydrogen environments needs further improvement. Fusible plug devices are also used, but their operation is temperature-controlled, making them unable to open quickly under rapid pressure increases. They can also become detached due to prolonged compression or malfunction due to localized heating. In contrast, bursting disc devices offer a simpler structure, lower cost, more sensitive operation, and excellent sealing, making them particularly suitable for rapid pressure relief of high-pressure gases.

[0004] Bursting discs with varying structural characteristics can be used for different applications. However, current domestic and international standards lack clear methods for evaluating the suitability of these different types of bursting discs for high-pressure hydrogen release scenarios. Existing research on bursting disc performance typically uses liquids, air, nitrogen, and other media for testing. However, testing equipment and methods for bursting discs in hydrogen environments remain relatively unavailable. Given the specific hydrogen embrittlement resistance requirements of materials in high-pressure hydrogen environments and the flammability, explosiveness, and leakage characteristics of hydrogen, bursting discs are subject to constant clamping forces and potential temperature and pressure fluctuations. Furthermore, bursting discs are relatively thin and often feature slots or slits. Therefore, the impact of hydrogen embrittlement on bursting disc performance warrants further attention. Furthermore, studies have shown that the likelihood of spontaneous combustion during a high-pressure hydrogen release is closely related to the rupture morphology and time of the bursting disc. Similar observational requirements for the diaphragm rupture process also arise in shock tube research. A common approach involves creating a glass window in the pressure-bearing device chamber upstream of the diaphragm for filming or supplemental lighting, with corresponding supplemental lighting or filming performed downstream of the diaphragm. However, when the upstream cavity of the bursting disc carries high-pressure hydrogen, this approach will be detrimental to the sealing and manufacturing of the upstream cavity. The glass window will become a weak point in the upstream cavity. Once it is damaged during the test, it may cause a combustion or explosion accident caused by the leakage of high-pressure hydrogen, thereby causing serious damage to equipment or personnel.

[0005] In summary, providing a bursting disc performance testing device and method suitable for high-pressure hydrogen scenarios to obtain test data under different working conditions, establish a suitability evaluation method for bursting discs in high-pressure hydrogen environments, and provide a reference basis for the design and selection of overpressure relief devices for high-pressure hydrogen systems is in line with actual needs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a method for testing the performance of bursting discs in a high-pressure hydrogen environment.

[0007] To solve the technical problem, the solution of the present invention is:

[0008] Provided is a method for testing the performance of a bursting disc in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. The method utilizes a bursting disc performance testing device to perform bursting pressure testing, fatigue performance testing, sealing performance testing, or real-time observation of rupture morphology on a bursting disc under different clamping forces in a high-pressure hydrogen environment.

[0009] The bursting disc performance test device includes a test chamber, a dark box, an imaging equipment protection chamber, an optical system, a gas system and a control system; wherein,

[0010] The test cavity is composed of an end seat, a front clamping seat and a rear clamping seat connected in sequence by threads; the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat have through axial through holes, and a to-be-tested rupture disc clamping position is arranged between the two; the end seat is single-end closed, and an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel connected with the axial through holes are arranged on the front clamping seat;

[0011] The dark box has a hollow box-shaped structure, and an air inlet channel of the box body is arranged on the side wall; the rear clamping seat is fixedly installed on the outside of the box body and is in butt joint with the air inlet channel of the box body through the axial through hole thereof;

[0012] The image device protection cabin includes a hollow tubular support column and a cabin cover with a cross-section in the shape of a Chinese character, and three annular steps are arranged on the top end of the support column from top to bottom, and each step is arranged with an O-shaped rubber sealing ring, high-pressure explosion-proof glass and a positioning grid; the cabin cover is nested and installed outside the support column, the top surface of the cabin cover is pressed against the high-pressure explosion-proof glass, and the bottom is fixed on the bottom plate of the dark box through a flange, so that the support column is vertically fixed between the top surface of the cabin cover and the bottom plate of the box body; a high-speed camera is arranged in the inside of the support column, and the lens is directed towards the opening of the top surface of the cabin cover;

[0013] The light path system includes a light source and a one-way glass arranged in the dark box, and a mirror arranged in the inside of the closed end of the end seat; the light source, the one-way glass, the air inlet channel of the box body, the axial through holes of the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat, and the mirror are coaxially arranged in sequence; the one-way glass is located at the intersection of the central axis of the test cavity and the central axis of the lens of the high-speed camera, and the reflection surface of the one-way glass is arranged at an angle of 45° with the central axis of the test cavity and is directed towards the test cavity and the high-speed camera; the light source is arranged at an upper position on the right side of the one-way glass, and the distance between the light source and the central axis of the test cavity is determined by the refraction angle of the light passing through the one-way glass;

[0014] The gas path system includes a compressor, a gas control pressure reducing valve, a pipeline, and a plurality of electric control valves arranged on the pipeline; the air inlet channel of the test cavity is connected to the gas control pressure reducing valve, the compressor and the gas supply subsystem in sequence through the pipeline; the air outlet channel of the test cavity is connected to the discharge subsystem, the vacuum pumping subsystem and the recovery subsystem through the pipeline; the outlet of the compressor is also connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem through the pipeline; wherein, the discharge subsystem includes a discharge valve, the vacuum pumping subsystem includes a vacuum pump, the recovery subsystem includes a recovery tank, the gas supply subsystem includes a hydrogen cylinder and an argon cylinder, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container;

[0015] The control system includes a host computer, a temperature control subsystem, and hydrogen sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors installed in the test chamber and gas circuit system. The temperature control subsystem is used to adjust and control the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem. It includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container jacket and a cold source / heat source that provides a heat exchange medium. The two are connected by a pipeline to form a circulation loop. The pipeline is equipped with an electronically controlled valve. The host computer is connected to the temperature control subsystem, light source, high-speed camera, various sensors, and valves through signal lines.

[0016] The method for testing the performance of bursting discs under high-pressure hydrogen environment specifically includes:

[0017] (1) Assemble the equipment and systems according to the structure and connection relationship of the device;

[0018] (2) Separate the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat, and install the annular metal gasket, the bursting disc to be tested, and the special-shaped pressure ring in the step of the front clamping seat in sequence; then connect and tighten the threads of the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat, and adjust the installation torque according to the preset test plan;

[0019] (3) Open the argon bottle and the relief valve in sequence, and purge the test chamber and the connected pipelines twice until the gas in the chamber is completely exhausted;

[0020] (4) Turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the test chamber and the connected pipelines;

[0021] (5) Open the hydrogen cylinder and the release valve in sequence to purge the test chamber and the connected pipelines twice;

[0022] (6) Using a bursting disc performance test device, test or observe the bursting disc under different clamping forces; specifically including:

[0023] (6.1) During the bursting pressure test: Increase the hydrogen pressure in the test chamber at a set rate. When the pressure sensor on the front clamping seat detects a sudden drop that exceeds the accuracy of the instrument and equipment, the host computer will issue a bursting disc blast warning and record the bursting pressure value read by the pressure sensor at that time.

[0024] (6.2) During fatigue performance testing: pressurize and depressurize the test cavity for a set number of pressure cycles at the set upper and lower limits and frequency of the pressure cycle, and then perform a bursting pressure test on the fatigued bursting disc according to the operation described in step (6.1); alternatively, perform fatigue life testing on the bursting disc by cyclically pressurizing and depressurizing the test cavity at the set upper and lower limits and frequency of the pressure cycle until the difference between the peak pressure cycle detected by the pressure sensor on the front clamp seat and the set upper limit of the pressure cycle exceeds the accuracy range of the instrument and equipment; the host computer prompts the bursting disc blasting action warning, and records the number of fatigue cycles at this time and the bursting pressure value read by the pressure sensor;

[0025] (6.3) During the sealing performance test: Use the hydrogen sensors on the front and rear clamping seats to monitor the changes in hydrogen concentration in the bursting disc seal leakage channel during the pressure maintenance, pressurization, and pressure cycling operations, and record the changes in hydrogen concentration in the upper computer;

[0026] (6.4) During real-time observation of rupture morphology: Light emitted from the light source propagates in a direction parallel to the central axis of the test chamber, is refracted through the one-way glass, and then enters the test chamber. It is partially blocked by the incompletely deployed rupture disc and then reflected back by the reflector on the inner side of the end holder. The portion of light that can pass through, after reaching the reflective surface of the one-way glass, is mostly reflected downward perpendicular to the original direction of the light, passes through the high-pressure explosion-proof glass and the positioning grid, and is finally received by the high-speed camera. In this way, the rupture morphology, rupture rate, and the presence of fragments during the blasting process of the rupture disc are recorded in real time.

[0027] (7) After the test is completed, close the hydrogen cylinder, compressor, and gas-controlled pressure reducing valve, open the discharge valve, and discharge the high-pressure hydrogen in the test chamber and the connected pipeline to a safe area through the flame arrester; or, before opening the discharge valve, recover the high-pressure hydrogen discharged from the test chamber into a recovery tank for reuse;

[0028] (8) Turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the test chamber and the connected pipelines;

[0029] (9) Turn off the test system and disassemble and clean the test chamber.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (2), the installation torque between the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat is obtained by converting the installation torque of the actual bursting disc product. During the process, it is considered that the clamping force on the bursting disc is equal in the two cases, and the respective threaded connection parameters are different.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step (6), the operating parameters of the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve are synchronously adjusted by the host computer according to the real-time monitored value of the hydrogen pressure in the test chamber; when the bursting disc explodes according to the pressure monitoring value, the valve on the hydrogen sensor circuit is automatically closed by the host computer; the hydrogen is directly input into the test chamber after being pressurized by the compressor, or is first stored in a high-pressure hydrogen storage container and then input into the test chamber; the temperature sensor feeds back the hydrogen temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container to the host computer in real time, and the control parameters of the temperature control subsystem are synchronously adjusted by the host computer; or, low-temperature argon is prepared by using the argon cylinders in the temperature control subsystem, the high-pressure hydrogen storage container and the gas supply subsystem, so as to perform low-temperature argon purge after the test to quickly cool the test device.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the bursting disc performance testing device, the exteriors of the end seat, the front clamp seat and the rear clamp seat are in the shape of a hexagonal prism; the diameters of the axial through holes of the front clamp seat and the rear clamp seat and the inner diameter of the air inlet passage of the darkroom body are both greater than or equal to the discharge diameter of the bursting disc to be tested; the reflector is circular, placed in the end face step of the end seat, and is pressed by the front clamp seat and the reflector pressure ring to achieve limited installation; the inner diameter of the reflector pressure ring is greater than the discharge diameter of the bursting disc to be tested.

[0033] As a preferred solution of the present invention, a plurality of openings are provided on the wall of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container, which are used to install sensors for monitoring pressure and temperature, and to connect a discharge valve through a pipeline.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom plate of the box body is provided with a high-speed camera wiring through hole and a peripheral countersunk hole; the support column is provided with an axial through hole, and a fourth step, a fifth step and a sixth step are provided in sequence from top to bottom along the inner wall of the through hole; the high-pressure explosion-proof glass is composed of a first frustum and a second frustum; the compartment cover is composed of an inward upper section, a cylindrical middle section and a flange lower section; rounded corners are set at the upper edges of the fourth step, the sixth step and the first frustum; the side wall surface of the fifth step is a conical surface, and the side wall surface of the second frustum is a frosted glass conical surface, the two have the same inclination angle, and the axial length of the former is smaller than that of the latter; the side wall of the first frustum The surface inclination angle is greater than that of the second frustum; the supporting column is arranged in the countersunk hole of the bottom plate of the box body; the high-pressure explosion-proof glass is placed on the conical surface of the fifth step of the supporting column; the lower end surface of the inward upper section of the bin cover is pressed on the upper end surface of the high-pressure explosion-proof glass; the middle section of the bin cover cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall surface of the supporting column; the lower section of the bin cover flange is connected to the bottom plate of the box body with screws; a positioning grid is placed on the sixth step of the supporting column; a high-speed camera is placed in the through hole below the sixth step; an annular groove is provided on the lower end surface of the supporting column, and an O-ring four is embedded in the groove; an O-ring five is placed on the fourth step of the supporting column.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the bursting disc performance testing device, the inner wall surface of the end seat is provided with a first step and an end face step from right to left; the front clamping seat is composed of a first left section frustum, a first middle section prism and a first right section rib groove, wherein the inner wall surface of the first right section rib groove is provided with a second step and a third step from right to left; the rear clamping seat is composed of a second left section frustum, a second middle section prism and a second right section rib groove, wherein the right end surface of the second right section rib groove is provided with circumferentially uniformly distributed screw holes, which cooperate with the circumferentially uniformly distributed through holes provided on the outer box body of the box body air inlet channel to install screws; a box door and an exhaust window are provided on the dark box body opposite to the box body air inlet channel, and a door handle is provided on the outside of the box door.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air intake channel and the exhaust channel are arranged on the first middle section prism of the front clamping seat; a monitoring channel one and a monitoring channel two are also provided on the first middle section prism, in which sensors for temperature monitoring and pressure monitoring are embedded and installed respectively; a monitoring channel three is provided at the second step of the front clamping seat, and a monitoring channel four is provided at the second middle section prism of the rear clamping seat, in which sensors for hydrogen concentration monitoring are embedded and installed respectively.

[0037] As a preferred solution of the present invention, circumferential grooves are respectively provided on the left end face of the first middle section prism, the outer wall of the second left section cone and the outer wall of the box between the box air inlet channel and its peripheral circumferentially uniformly distributed through holes, and O-shaped rubber sealing rings are respectively embedded in the grooves for sealing.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the clamping position of the bursting disc to be tested is arranged in the third step between the first right section rib groove of the front clamping seat and the second left section truncated cone of the rear clamping seat; in the clamping position of the bursting disc to be tested, an annular metal gasket, a bursting disc to be tested and a special-shaped pressure ring are placed in sequence, and the special-shaped pressure ring is pressed by the rear clamping seat, further pressing the bursting disc to be tested and the annular metal gasket and achieving sealing; the special-shaped pressure ring is an integrated structure comprising a first circular ring and a second circular ring; the inner diameter of the first circular ring is the same as the outer diameter of the bursting disc to be tested, the inner diameter of the second circular ring is the same as the discharge diameter of the bursting disc to be tested, and a rounded corner is provided at the left edge of the second circular ring close to the side of the bursting disc to be tested.

[0039] Description of the invention principle:

[0040] Corner coaxial light sources typically use a light-emitting diode (LED) array to emit uniform bright light. The light passes through a specially coated one-way glass from one side, propagates toward the object to be observed, and is reflected back by the object to be observed. On the return journey, the reflected light encounters the one-way glass and is then reflected back in the direction of observation. This design is compact and is commonly used to observe scratches, cracks, or foreign matter on highly reflective workpiece surfaces.

[0041] Considering the limited reflectivity of the rupture disc itself to light, and the uncertain reflection angle caused by the different shapes of the rupture disc, the present application sets a mirror in the end face step of the test cavity based on the above principle to expand the light path and achieve the purpose of observing the rupture action of the rupture disc more clearly and accurately.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. The design of installing a mirror inside the test cavity makes the observation light path pass through the broken rupture disc, thereby realizing the observation and recording of the rupture shape, rupture rate and whether fragments are generated of the rupture disc with different opening patterns under the impact of high-pressure hydrogen gas; the high-speed camera is arranged at the bottom of the box, which can prevent the impact of high-pressure hydrogen gas jet dominated by momentum or buoyancy on the expensive high-speed camera equipment.

[0044] 2. The dark box design in the test device can protect the safety of the test personnel and equipment, reduce the interference of environmental light on the test, and is beneficial to improve the accuracy of shooting; the exhaust window opened on the dark box door can help to discharge hydrogen in the dark box to the designated area, and relieve the small increase in the pressure in the box caused by hydrogen leakage.

[0045] 3. The self-tightening high-pressure explosion-proof glass and the image equipment protection bin adopt a special structure design, which is convenient to install and can effectively seal to protect the high-speed camera; the through hole at the bottom of the dark box can not only be used to place the signal line of the high-speed camera, but also can avoid the damage of high-pressure hydrogen gas accidentally entering the image equipment protection bin to the equipment; in addition, the positioning grid can further protect the high-speed camera in the case of accidental breakage of the high-pressure explosion-proof glass, and provide a grid reference for drawing the rupture pattern image of the rupture disc.

[0046] 4. The test device has multi-functional testing capability, and can realize the safety test of the rupture pressure, fatigue life, sealing level and rupture pattern of the rupture disc with different opening patterns under different clamping forces under different hydrogen working conditions such as different pressurization parameters, pressure cycle parameters and temperature fluctuation parameters, etc. The specification size of the rupture disc to be tested can be expanded by only changing the size of the special pressure ring, which fills the gap in the field of rupture disc performance test device and method under high-pressure hydrogen environment.

[0047] 5. The test device structure is simple, easy to disassemble and assemble, and the method is easy to implement, which can help to evaluate the performance of the rupture disc for high-pressure hydrogen, quickly select the type, and optimize the structure design, and provide clear and reasonable opening condition parameters for the research on the consequences of spontaneous combustion after high-pressure hydrogen leakage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 It is a general system diagram of the present application;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the test chamber and dark box structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-section at the middle AA position;

[0051] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle part Ⅰ;

[0052] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Cross-section of the front clamp mount at the mid-BB position;

[0053] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle part II;

[0054] Figure 7 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle part III;

[0055] Figure 8 The size of the bursting disc to be tested is different from Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of the test cavity structure of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 9 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle part IV;

[0057] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the imaging equipment protection chamber structure of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 11 It is a structural cross-sectional view of the support column of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 12 for Figure 10 A partial enlarged view of the middle part V;

[0060] Figure 13 This is the overall appearance of the high-pressure explosion-proof glass;

[0061] Figure 14 for Figure 12 A partial enlarged view of the middle part VI;

[0062] Figure 15 for Figure 10 A partial enlarged view of the middle part VII.

[0063] The reference signs in the figure are: 1 hydrogen sensor one; 2 dark box; 3 high-speed camera; 4 light source; 5 relief valve; 6 flame arrester; 7 vacuum gauge; 8 vacuum pump; 9 recovery tank; 10 pressure sensor two; 11 argon cylinder; 12 hydrogen cylinder; 13 cold source / heat source; 14 upper computer; 15 high-pressure hydrogen storage container; 16 compressor; 17 temperature sensor two; 18 pneumatic pressure reducing valve; 19 hydrogen sensor two; 20 gas inlet channel; 21 pressure sensor one; 22 temperature sensor one; 23 test cavity; 24 gas outlet channel; 25 annular metal gasket; 26 monitoring channel three; 27 special-shaped compression ring; 28 O-shaped rubber sealing ring two; 29 box body; 30 one-way glass; 31 exhaust window; 32 door handle; 33 box door; 34 positioning grid; 35 image equipment protection cabin; 36 box body gas inlet channel; 37 monitoring channel four; 38 rear clamping support; 39 to-be-tested rupture disc; 40 front clamping support; 41 O-shaped rubber sealing ring one; 42 end seat; 43 mirror compression ring; 44 mirror; 45 second prismatic surface; 46 monitoring channel two; 47 monitoring channel one; 48 end surface step; 49 first step; 50 third step; 51 second step; 52 O-shaped rubber sealing ring three; 53 cabin cover; 54 O-shaped rubber sealing ring five; 55 high-pressure explosion-proof glass; 56 O-shaped rubber sealing ring four; 57 support column; 58 wiring through hole; 59 fourth step; 60 sixth step; 61 fifth step; 62 frosted glass conical surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] First of all, it needs to be explained that the serial numbers in this application, such as "first", "second", etc., are only used to distinguish the described objects, and do not have any sequence or technical meaning. In this application, "connection" and "coupling" include direct and indirect connection (coupling), unless otherwise specified. In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawing, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, therefore It cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0065] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0066] In addition, the term "high pressure" is used as a limitation in the names of some devices or components of the present invention, which means that the device or component can adapt to the pressure of the hydrogen boost test environment; the specific pressure bearing capacity can be implemented according to conventional standards, and the present invention does not make special requirements. The host computer has a built-in master control system in the form of software, which realizes monitoring data recording, warning, and sending control instructions to related valves, high-speed cameras, and light sources through software programming. For example, the valve on the hydrogen concentration sensor circuit on the test chamber will be closed by the host computer when the bursting disc explodes; the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve is controlled by the host computer to change parameters, the pressure relief valve is controlled by the host computer to open and release hydrogen, and the electric control valve of the temperature control subsystem is controlled by the host computer to change the opening, etc. These functions are all skills that those skilled in the art are proficient in, and the present invention does not make special requirements.

[0067] The high pressure mentioned in the present invention generally refers to a pressure range of 0 to 140 MPa, and the low temperature range generally refers to a temperature range of -90 to 20°C.

[0068] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the bursting disc performance test device under high-pressure hydrogen environment of the present invention mainly includes: a test chamber 23, a dark box 2, an imaging equipment protection chamber 35, an optical system, a gas system and a control system.

[0070] The test chamber 23 comprises an end seat 42, a front clamping seat 40, and a rear clamping seat 38, which are sequentially connected by threads. The front clamping seat 40 and the rear clamping seat 38 have axial through-holes extending therethrough, with a clamping position for the bursting disc 39 to be tested positioned therebetween. The end seat 42 is closed at one end, and the front clamping seat 40 is provided with an air inlet passage 20 and an air outlet passage 24 connected to the axial through-holes.

[0071] The dark box 2 has a hollow box-shaped structure and is provided with a box air inlet channel 36 on the side wall; the rear clamping seat 38 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the box 29 and docked with the box air inlet channel 36 through its axial through hole;

[0072] The imaging equipment protective chamber 35 comprises a hollow tubular support column 57 and a chamber cover 53 with a cross-section shaped like an "X". The top of the support column 57 is provided with three annular steps. From top to bottom, each step is respectively provided with an O-ring 54, a high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55, and a positioning grid 34. The chamber cover 53 is nested and mounted on the outside of the support column 57. Its top surface with a central opening presses against the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55. The bottom is fixed to the bottom plate of the darkroom 29 via a flange, so that the support column 57 is vertically fixed between the top surface of the chamber cover 53 and the bottom plate of the box 29. The high-speed camera 3 is placed inside the support column 57, with its lens facing the opening on the top surface of the chamber cover 53.

[0073] The optical path system includes a light source 4 and a one-way glass 30 disposed within the darkroom 2, and a reflector 44 disposed inside the closed end of the end seat 42. The light source 4, the one-way glass 30, the air inlet passage 36 of the chamber, the axial through-holes of the front and rear clamping seats 40 and 38, and the reflector 44 are coaxially arranged in this order. The one-way glass 30 is located at the intersection of the central axis of the test chamber 23 and the central axis of the lens of the high-speed camera 3. Its reflective surface is arranged at an inclination angle of 45° with respect to the central axis of the test chamber 23, facing the test chamber 23 and the high-speed camera 3. The light source 4 is located slightly above and to the right of the one-way glass 30, and the distance it deviates from the central axis of the test chamber 23 is determined by the angle of refraction of light passing through the one-way glass 30.

[0074] The gas circuit system includes a compressor 16, an air-controlled pressure reducing valve 18, a pipeline, and a plurality of electrically controlled valves provided on the pipeline. The air inlet channel 20 of the test chamber 23 is connected to the air-controlled pressure reducing valve 18, the compressor 16, and the gas supply subsystem in sequence via a pipeline. The exhaust channel 24 of the test chamber 23 is connected to the discharge subsystem, the vacuum subsystem, and the recovery subsystem via a pipeline. The high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 connected to the outlet of the compressor 16 via a pipeline. The container wall is provided with openings for installing a pressure sensor 10 and a temperature sensor 17, respectively, and is connected to the discharge valve via a pipeline. The discharge subsystem includes a discharge valve, the vacuum subsystem includes a vacuum pump 8, the recovery subsystem includes a recovery tank 9, and the gas supply subsystem includes a hydrogen cylinder 12 and an argon cylinder 11.

[0075] The control system includes a host computer 14, a temperature control subsystem, and hydrogen, pressure, and temperature sensors located within the test chamber 23 and the gas system. The temperature control subsystem, used to regulate the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem, includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container jacket and a heat / cold source 13 providing a heat exchange medium. These two components are connected via piping to form a circulation loop, with electronically controlled valves installed on the piping. Signal lines connect the host computer 14 to the temperature control subsystem, light source 4, high-speed camera 3, and various sensors and valves.

[0076] The method for testing the performance of a bursting disc in a high-pressure hydrogen environment provided by the present invention is to perform bursting pressure testing, fatigue performance testing, sealing performance testing, or real-time observation of rupture morphology on a bursting disc 39 under different clamping forces in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. The method specifically comprises:

[0077] (1) Assemble the equipment and components according to the structure and connection relationship of the aforementioned test device;

[0078] (2) Separate the front clamping seat 40 and the rear clamping seat 38, and sequentially install the annular metal gasket 25, the bursting disc to be tested 39, and the special-shaped pressure ring 27 in the step of the front clamping seat 40; then align and tighten the threads of the front clamping seat 40 and the rear clamping seat 38, and adjust the installation torque according to the preset test plan. The installation torque between the front clamping seat 40 and the rear clamping seat 38 is obtained by converting the installation torque of the actual bursting disc product. This process considers that the clamping force on the bursting disc is equal in both cases, but the respective thread connection parameters are different.

[0079] (3) Open the argon bottle 11 and the relief valve 5 in sequence, and purge the test chamber 23 and the connected pipelines twice until the gas in the chamber is completely exhausted;

[0080] (4) Turn on the vacuum pump 8 to evacuate the test chamber 23 and the connected pipelines;

[0081] (5) Open the hydrogen cylinder 12 and the relief valve 5 in sequence, and purge the test chamber 23 and the connected pipelines twice;

[0082] (6) Using a bursting disc performance test device, test or observe the bursting disc under different clamping forces; specifically including:

[0083] (6.1) During the bursting pressure test: the hydrogen pressure in the test chamber 23 is increased at a set rate. When the reading of the pressure sensor on the front clamp holder 40 is detected to drop beyond the accuracy range of the instrument and equipment, the host computer 14 issues a bursting disc blasting warning and records the bursting pressure value read by the pressure sensor at that time.

[0084] (6.2) During fatigue performance testing: pressurize and depressurize the test cavity 23 for a set number of pressure cycles at the set upper and lower limits and frequency of the pressure cycle, and then perform a bursting pressure test on the fatigued bursting disc according to the operation described in step (6.1); alternatively, perform fatigue life testing on the bursting disc, and perform cyclic pressurization and depressurization operations on the test cavity 23 at the set upper and lower limits and frequency of the pressure cycle until the difference between the pressure cycle peak value monitored by the pressure sensor on the front clamp seat 40 and the set pressure cycle upper limit exceeds the accuracy range of the instrument and equipment; prompt the bursting disc blasting action warning through the host computer 14, and record the number of fatigue cycles at this time and the bursting pressure value read by the pressure sensor;

[0085] (6.3) During the sealing performance test: hydrogen sensors on the front clamping seat 40 and the rear clamping seat 38 are used to monitor the changes in hydrogen concentration in the bursting disc seal leakage path during the pressure maintenance, pressurization, and pressure cycling operations, and the changes are recorded by the host computer 14;

[0086] (6.4) During real-time observation of the rupture morphology: Light emitted from the light source 4 propagates in a direction parallel to the central axis of the test chamber 23, is first refracted through the one-way glass 30, and then enters the test chamber 23. It is partially blocked by the incompletely deployed rupture disc, and then reflected back by the reflector 44 on the inner side of the end seat 42. The portion of light that can pass through, after reaching the reflective surface of the one-way glass 30, is mostly reflected downward perpendicular to the original direction of the light, passes through the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55 and the positioning grid 34, and is finally received by the high-speed camera 3. In this way, the rupture morphology, rupture rate, and the presence or absence of fragments during the blasting process of the rupture disc are recorded in real time.

[0087] In the present invention, the operating parameters of the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 are synchronously adjusted by the host computer 14 according to the real-time monitored value of the hydrogen pressure in the test chamber 23. When the bursting disc explodes according to the pressure monitoring value, the valve on the hydrogen sensor circuit is automatically closed by the host computer 14. The hydrogen is directly input into the test chamber 23 after being pressurized by the compressor 16, or is first stored in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 and then input into the test chamber 23. The temperature sensor feeds back the hydrogen temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 to the host computer 14 in real time, and the control parameters of the temperature control subsystem are synchronously adjusted by the host computer 14; alternatively, low-temperature argon is prepared by using the temperature control subsystem, the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 and the argon cylinder 11, so as to perform low-temperature argon purge after the test to quickly cool the test device.

[0088] (7) After the test is completed, close the hydrogen cylinder 12, the compressor 16, and the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18, open the discharge valve 5, and discharge the high-pressure hydrogen in the test chamber 23 and the connected pipeline to a safe area through the flame arrester 6; alternatively, before opening the discharge valve 5, first recover the high-pressure hydrogen discharged from the test chamber 23 into the recovery tank 9 for reuse.

[0089] (8) Turn on the vacuum pump 8 to evacuate the test chamber 23 and the connected pipelines;

[0090] (9) Turn off the test system and disassemble and clean the test chamber 23.

[0091] More specific implementation examples:

[0092] like Figure 1 As shown, a high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 is connected to the intermediate pipeline between the compressor 16 and the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 through a branch pipeline. The other end of the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 is connected to the air inlet channel 20 of the test chamber 23, and the exhaust channel 24 of the test chamber 23 is connected to the inlet of the compressor 16 through a main pipe. On the main pipeline, the discharge subsystem, the vacuum subsystem, the recovery subsystem and the gas supply subsystem are connected through branch pipelines respectively, so that the entire test system forms a gas circulation loop, and several valves for isolation are set on the main pipeline. Among them, the discharge subsystem includes a discharge valve 5 and a flame arrester 6, the vacuum subsystem includes a vacuum gauge 7 and a vacuum pump 8, the recovery subsystem includes a recovery tank 9, and the gas supply subsystem includes a hydrogen cylinder 12 and an argon cylinder 11. Furthermore, a discharge valve and a flame arrester can also be set in each external exhaust system.

[0093] Based on the above-mentioned gas circuit system, the hydrogen cylinder 12 that provides the hydrogen medium for the test, the argon cylinder 11 that provides the inert medium for purging, and the recovery tank 9 that stores the hydrogen to be recovered discharged from the test chamber 23 are connected to the compressor 16. The compressor 16 can meet the pressurization requirements in the range of 0MPa to 140MPa, and its other end is connected to the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18. The gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 is used to change the pressurization and decompression rate of the hydrogen in the test chamber 23, and can achieve rate control in the range of 0.0005MPa / s to 1MPa / s. For example, the inner layer of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 that is in direct contact with hydrogen is made of 316L, a hydrogen embrittlement-resistant material. The container is designed for a pressure of 140MPa and a temperature of -90°C to 150°C. The cooling coils and heating coils within the outer jacket of the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 are connected to the heat source / heat source 13 via separate intermediate circulation lines. An additional insulation layer is applied to the outer jacket to reduce energy consumption during the heat transfer process. The pressure and temperature of the medium within the container are monitored by pressure sensor 10 and temperature sensor 17, respectively. For example, the heat source is liquid nitrogen, and the heat source is thermal oil heated by a resistance wire. The temperature control range is -90°C to 150°C, with a temperature control accuracy of ±3°C. The test chamber 23 is also connected to pressure sensor 21, temperature sensor 22, hydrogen sensor 1, and hydrogen sensor 2 19. Pressure sensor 21 and temperature sensor 22 are used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the hydrogen within the test chamber 23, respectively. The two hydrogen sensors are used to monitor the hydrogen concentration within the channel where the bursting disc seal may leak. Furthermore, separate drain lines are provided for the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 and the recovery tank 9 to facilitate rapid draining and troubleshooting of the test system. Pressure sensor 1 21, hydrogen sensor 1, hydrogen sensor 2 19 and temperature sensor 2 17 respectively feed back the monitored information to the host computer 14 through signal lines. The host computer 14 is connected to the valves, relief valve 5, light source 4, high-speed camera 3, gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 and temperature control subsystem on the hydrogen sensor line through signal lines.

[0094] The host computer 14 has built-in control software for implementing the following functions: automatically cutting off the valve on the hydrogen sensor circuit when a bursting disc explosion is detected; automatically controlling the air intake and exhaust of the test chamber 23 and the activation of the light source 4 and the high-speed camera 3; and adjusting the control parameters of the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 and the temperature control subsystem in real time based on the pressure in the test chamber 23 monitored by the pressure sensor 1 21 and the temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 monitored by the temperature sensor 2 17.

[0095] like Figure 2As shown, the test chamber 23 is used to test the performance of bursting discs in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. Its design pressure is 140 MPa and its design temperature is -90°C to 150°C. The overall appearance is a hexagonal prism, consisting of three parts: an end seat 42, a front clamp seat 40 and a rear clamp seat 38. The main part is made of austenitic stainless steel with good hydrogen resistance.

[0096] like Figure 4 As shown, the inner wall of the end seat 42 cavity is provided with an internal thread, and the left side of the thread is followed by an annular first step 49 and an end face step 48; the end face step 48 is provided with a circular reflector 44 and a reflector pressure ring 43 from left to right, and the outer diameters of the two are the same as the diameter of the end face step 48, and the inner diameter of the reflector pressure ring 43 is larger than Figure 2 The discharge diameter of the bursting disc 39 to be tested.

[0097] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, the front clamping seat 40 is an integrated structure having an axial through hole with a diameter greater than or equal to the discharge diameter of the bursting disc 39 to be tested, and is composed of three parts: a first left section frustum, a first middle section prism, and a first right section rib groove. Figure 4 As shown, the outer wall of the first left section of the truncated cone is provided with an external thread, which cooperates with the internal thread of the end seat 42 to achieve installation; the left end face of the first left section of the truncated cone presses the right end face of the reflector pressing ring 43; the left end face of the first middle section of the prism is provided with an annular groove, and an O-shaped rubber sealing ring 41 is embedded in the groove to form a sealing structure with the right end face of the end seat 42. Figure 3 As shown, the first middle section prism has four radial through-channels. For example, the four channels are arranged from the front ( Figure 3 The second prism surface 45, the third prism surface, the fifth prism surface and the sixth prism surface of the first middle section prism are respectively opened in the counterclockwise order from the direction of the dotted arrow to the top, back and bottom, and are respectively the exhaust channel 24 connected to the discharge valve 5, the monitoring channel 1 47 connected to the temperature sensor 1 22, the intake channel 20 connected to the air-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 and the monitoring channel 2 46 connected to the pressure sensor 1 21. Figure 5 As shown, the inner wall of the first right section of the rib groove is provided with an internal thread (indicated by the dotted arrow in the figure), the left side of the thread is the annular second step 51 and the third step 50, and the right side of the thread is a normal wall with a diameter larger than the major diameter of the thread. Figure 6 As shown, the second step 51 opens a radial through-channel monitoring channel 3 26 connected to the hydrogen sensor 1. Figure 7As shown, the special-shaped pressure ring 27 is arranged in the third step 50 with the same diameter as the third step 50, and achieves sealing by pressing the bursting piece 39 to be tested and the annular metal gasket 25. The special-shaped pressure ring 27 is an integrated structure composed of a first circular ring and a second circular ring. The inner diameter of the first circular ring is the same as the outer diameter of the bursting piece 39 to be tested, and the inner diameter of the second circular ring is the same as the discharge diameter of the bursting piece 39 to be tested. A rounded corner is set on the left edge of the second circular ring close to the side of the bursting piece 39 to be tested. For example, the axial through hole diameter of the front clamp seat 40 in the test device of the present invention is 23mm, the diameter of the third step 50 is 55mm, the outer diameter of the bursting piece 39 to be tested is 30mm, and the discharge diameter is 20mm. Therefore, a special-shaped pressure ring 27 with an outer diameter of 55mm, an inner diameter of the first circular ring of 30mm, and an inner diameter of the second circular ring of 20mm is selected. As shown Figure 8 As shown, during the test, the optional specifications and sizes of the bursting disc 39 to be tested can be expanded by simply changing the size of the special-shaped pressure ring 27.

[0098] like Figure 2 As shown, the rear clamping seat 38 is an integrated structure with an axial through hole with a diameter greater than or equal to the discharge diameter of the bursting disc 39 to be tested. It is composed of three parts: a second left section frustum, a second middle section prism, and a second right section prism groove. The second middle section prism defines a radial through channel 37 connected to the second hydrogen sensor 19. Figure 6 As shown, the outer wall of the second left section of the truncated cone is provided with an external thread, which cooperates with the internal thread of the front clamping seat 40 to achieve installation; a circumferential groove is provided on the right side of the thread, and an O-shaped rubber sealing ring 28 is embedded in the groove to form a sealing structure with the ordinary wall on the right side of the internal thread of the front clamping seat 40; the left end face of the second left section of the truncated cone presses the right end face of the special-shaped pressure ring 27. Figure 9 As shown, the right end surface of the second right section of the rib groove is provided with screw holes evenly distributed in an annular direction.

[0099] like Figure 2 As shown, a dark box 2 is set up downstream of the test chamber 23 where hydrogen is released through a bursting disc. This can protect the safety of test personnel and equipment, while reducing the interference of ambient light on observation, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of photography. The dark box 2 includes the main structures and equipment such as the box air inlet channel 36, the box body 29, the box door 33, the imaging equipment protection compartment 35, the light source 4, the one-way glass 30, the positioning grid 34 and the high-speed camera 3. Figure 9 As shown, the box air inlet channel 36 is located on the left side of the box 29. It is a truncated cone with an axial through hole with a diameter greater than or equal to the discharge diameter of the bursting disc 39 to be tested. The diameter of the outer wall of the truncated cone is equal to the diameter of the inner wall of the second right section of the rib groove to achieve installation. An circumferential groove is provided on the outer periphery of the truncated cone 29. An O-shaped rubber sealing ring 52 is embedded in the groove to form a sealing structure with the right end face of the rear clamp seat 38. The outer periphery of the groove is provided with circumferentially evenly distributed through holes on the box 29 for installing screws to achieve connection with the screw holes of the rear clamp seat 38. Figure 2As shown, the right side of the box body 29 is a box door 33 that opens outwards, and a door handle 32 is set on the outside of the box door 33. For example, an exhaust window 31 is set at the upper position of the box door 33 to help discharge the hydrogen in the dark box 2 to a designated area, thereby alleviating the slight increase in the pressure in the box caused by the release of hydrogen. Figure 10 As shown, the bottom plate of the box 29, the supporting column 57, the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55, and the compartment cover 53 together constitute the imaging equipment protection compartment 35, which can prevent the high-pressure hydrogen jet dominated by momentum or buoyancy from impacting the expensive high-speed camera 3 from the direction of the camera lens. The bottom plate of the box 29 is provided with a high-speed camera 3 wiring through hole 58 and its peripheral countersunk holes. The wiring through hole 58 can be connected to the outside atmosphere to prevent the local pressure formed by the released high-pressure hydrogen from accidentally entering the imaging equipment protection compartment 35 and causing damage to the equipment; the supporting column 57 is placed in the said countersunk hole. Figure 11 、 Figure 15 As shown, the lower end surface of the support column 57 is provided with an annular groove, in which an O-ring 56 is embedded, forming a sealing structure with the bottom plate of the box body 29; the support column 57 is provided with an axial through hole, and an annular fourth step 59, fifth step 61 and sixth step 60 are provided in sequence from top to bottom along the inner wall of the through hole; the upper edges of the fourth step 59 and the sixth step 60 are provided with rounded corners to prevent the glass from being squeezed by sharp objects; the side wall of the fifth step 61 is a tapered surface. Figure 12 As shown, high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55 is placed on the conical surface of the fifth step 61, and a wire positioning grid 34 is placed on the sixth step 60. This grid can block larger glass fragments in the event of accidental shattering of the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55, further protecting the high-speed camera 3 and providing a grid reference for image rendering of the rupture morphology of the bursting disc. For example, to image a 20mm rupture disc, the grid density of the positioning grid 34 is 5 to 12 meshes. The high-speed camera 3 is placed in the through-hole below the sixth step 60.

[0100] For example, according to Spence and Woods [4] The theoretical calculation formula proposed is: the theoretical rupture time of a flat-plate rupture disc with a design pressure of 60 MPa, made of 316L stainless steel (density 7980 kg / m3), 1.5 mm thick, 20 mm in diameter, and with a cross groove is:

[0101]

[0102] Where: t is the theoretical rupture time of the bursting disc, s; k is the coefficient, which is 0.92; ρ is the density of the bursting disc material, kg / m 3b is the thickness of the bursting disc, m; D is the diameter of the bursting disc, m; P is the designed bursting pressure of the bursting disc, Pa. If ten images of the bursting disc rupture process are recorded at even time intervals, the shooting rate of the high-speed camera 3 must be at least 180,000 (>10 / 0.0000581) fps. Figure 13 、 Figure 14 As shown, the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55 is composed of a first frustum and a second frustum, wherein the first frustum is provided with a rounded corner at its upper edge, and an O-shaped rubber sealing ring 54 is placed between it and the fourth step 59 of the support column 57, and the inclination angle of the side wall of the first frustum is greater than that of the second frustum; the side wall of the second frustum is a frosted glass cone 62, the inclination angle is the same as that of the side wall of the fifth step 61 of the support column 57, and the axial length of the former is greater than that of the latter. Thus, a design is formed in which the greater the external pressure load, the tighter the seal between the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55 and the support column 57, which can effectively prevent hydrogen from entering the imaging equipment protection chamber 35. Figure 10 and Figure 15 As shown, the bin cover 53 is a sleeve structure consisting of an inward-retracted upper section, a cylindrical middle section and a flanged lower section. The lower end face of the inward-retracted upper section is pressed against the upper end face of the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55; the cylindrical middle section is sleeved on the outer wall of the support column 57; and the flanged lower section is connected to the bottom plate of the box body 29 with circumferentially evenly distributed screws.

[0103] like Figure 2 As shown, one-way glass 30 is positioned with its reflective surface at a 45° angle to the central axis of test chamber 23, facing toward test chamber 23 and high-speed camera 3. The center of the reflective surface is located at the intersection of the central axis of test chamber 23 and the central axis of the lens of high-speed camera 3. Light source 4 is positioned slightly above and to the right of one-way glass 30. The distance it deviates from the central axis of test chamber 23 can be calculated based on the refractive index of one-way glass 30. Light emitted by light source 4 refracts through one-way glass 30 and enters test chamber 23. It is partially blocked by the incompletely deployed bursting disc 39 under test and then reflected back by mirror 44 within end mount 42. The portion of light that is able to pass through, upon reaching the reflective surface of one-way glass 30, is mostly reflected downward perpendicular to the original direction of the light. After passing through high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55, it is image-positioned by positioning grid 34 and ultimately received by high-speed camera 3, forming a complete optical path for observing the bursting disc rupture morphology. The light source 4 is a high-density array of LEDs that can emit uniform light axially toward the test cavity 23; the one-way glass 30 is a high-grade coated spectroscope that can maximize the transmission of light emitted by the right light source 4 and reflect the light reflected from the left test cavity 23 back to the high-speed camera 3; the effective diameter of the light source 4 and The effective diameter of the one-way glass 30 is greater than the axial through-hole diameter of the rear clamping seat 38. The expanded test optical path design with grid positioning of the present invention can be used to record the rupture process of non-reflective objects in real time. For the purposes of the present invention, the opening pattern of the rupture disc 39 to be tested can be varied. For example, it can be a cross, C-shaped, or a random irregular rupture shape.

[0104] The test apparatus of the present invention can be used to perform bursting pressure testing, fatigue performance testing, sealing performance testing, and real-time observation of rupture morphology of a bursting disc 39 under different clamping forces in a high-pressure hydrogen environment. The specific steps are as follows:

[0105] (1) Open the safety protection device at the test site and assemble the equipment and systems according to the structure and connection relationship of the device;

[0106] (2) Separate the front clamp seat 40 and the rear clamp seat 38, wipe the sealing surface of the front clamp seat 40 clean, and install the annular metal gasket 25, the bursting disc 39 to be tested, and the special-shaped pressure ring 27 that matches the size of the bursting disc 39 to be tested in sequence in the third step 50 of the front clamp seat 40; evenly apply lubricating grease to 1 / 3 of the external thread of the rear clamp seat 38, and tighten the front clamp seat 40 and the rear clamp seat 38 with a torque wrench according to the set installation torque. The set installation torque between the front clamp seat 40 and the rear clamp seat 38 is obtained by converting the installation torque of the actual bursting disc product. In the process, it is considered that the clamping force on the bursting disc is equal in the two cases, and the respective thread connection parameters are different. For example, the actual product holder connection mode of the bursting disc 39 to be tested is M48 thread, and the manufacturer's specified installation torque is 500N·m; the front and rear clamping seats 38 of the test device of the present invention are connected with M52 thread. The actual product and the test device use the same annular copper gasket, and the friction surface is a lubricated general processing surface. According to the "Machinery Design Manual" (6th edition, Volume 2), [5] The relationship between the clamping force in the preloaded state and the installation torque is given as:

[0107] T=KF'd

[0108] Where: T is the installation torque, N·m; K is the tightening torque coefficient (0.15 for lubricated, generally machined surfaces); F' is the preloaded clamping force, N; and d is the nominal thread diameter, m. Calculation shows that the set installation torque for the test device is 542 N·m. By varying the set installation torque of the test device, the performance of the bursting disc 39 under different clamping forces can be tested.

[0109] (3) Open the argon cylinder 11 and purge the test chamber 23 and the connected pipelines to prevent the residual air in the chamber from mixing with the high-pressure hydrogen; observe the reading of the pressure sensor 21. For example, when the pressure in the test chamber 23 reaches about 2MPa, close the argon cylinder 11; then open the relief valve 5 until the pressure sensor 21 shows 1MPa, then close the relief valve 5; open the argon cylinder 11 again and perform a second argon purge according to the above steps. After the purge is completed, the gas in the chamber is completely exhausted;

[0110] (4) Turn on the vacuum pump 8 to evacuate the test chamber 23 and the connected pipelines; for example, when the vacuum gauge 7 shows a value of approximately 40 Pa, stop evacuating and turn off the vacuum pump 8;

[0111] (5) Open the hydrogen cylinder 12 and purge the test chamber 23 and the connected pipelines to improve the gas purity; observe the reading of the pressure sensor 21. For example, when the pressure in the test chamber 23 reaches about 2MPa, close the hydrogen cylinder 12 and open the relief valve 5 until the pressure sensor 21 shows 1MPa, then close the relief valve 5; open the hydrogen cylinder 12 again and perform a second hydrogen purge according to the above steps. After the purge is completed, the gas in the chamber is completely discharged;

[0112] (6) Using a bursting disc performance test device, test or observe the bursting disc under different clamping forces; specifically including:

[0113] (6.1) During the bursting pressure test: high-pressure hydrogen is output from the hydrogen cylinder 12 and then pressurized by the compressor 16 before being input into the test chamber 23. The air-controlled pressure reducing valve 18 can accurately control the pressurization rate of the hydrogen in the test chamber 23. During this process, the pressure sensor 21 feeds back the hydrogen pressure in the test chamber 23 to the host computer 14 in real time, and the host computer 14 can synchronously adjust the control parameters of the air-controlled pressure reducing valve 18. When the value indicated by the pressure sensor 21 drops sharply beyond the accuracy range of the instrument and equipment, the host computer 14 issues a warning of the bursting disc blasting action and records the bursting pressure value read by the pressure sensor 21 at this time.

[0114] (6.2) When fatigue performance test is performed: the test cavity 23 can be set to increase and decrease pressure for a set number of pressure cycles at a set pressure cycle upper limit and lower limit and frequency, and then the ruptured disc after fatigue is tested for burst pressure according to the operation described in step (6.1); or the ruptured disc can be tested for fatigue life, and the test cavity 23 is cycled to increase and decrease pressure at a set pressure cycle upper limit and lower limit and frequency until the difference between the pressure cycle peak value monitored by the pressure sensor 1 and the set pressure cycle upper limit exceeds the accuracy range of the instrument and equipment, at which time the ruptured disc is warned to burst by the upper computer 14 and the number of fatigue cycles and the burst pressure value read by the pressure sensor 1 at this time are recorded;

[0115] (6.3) When sealing performance test is performed: the hydrogen sensor 1 connected by the monitoring channel 3, the hydrogen sensor 2 19 connected by the monitoring channel 4 37, and the upper computer 14 are used to monitor and record the change in hydrogen concentration in the sealing leakage channel during the processes of pressure holding, pressure increasing, and pressure cycling; when the pressure sensor 1 21 monitors the burst of the ruptured disc, the valve on the hydrogen sensor line can be automatically cut off by the upper computer 14 to avoid the impact of a large amount of hydrogen continuously leaking through the ruptured disc on the sensitivity of the hydrogen sensor;

[0116] (6.4) When the rupture morphology is observed in real time: the light emitted from the light source 4 propagates to the left in a direction parallel to the central axis of the test cavity 23, the light is refracted through the one-way glass 30 and enters the test cavity 23, is blocked by the ruptured disc 39 which is not fully expanded, and is reflected back to the right by the reflector 44 in the end seat 42; the part of the light that can pass is mostly reflected downward perpendicular to the original direction of the light after reaching the reflecting surface of the one-way glass 30, and is finally received by the high-speed camera 3 after passing through the high-pressure explosion-proof glass 55 and the positioning grid 34, thereby recording the rupture morphology, rupture rate, and whether fragments are generated during the burst process of the ruptured disc in real time;

[0117] (7) After the test is completed, the hydrogen cylinder 12, the compressor 16, and the pneumatic pressure relief valve 18 are turned off; the discharge valve 5 is opened, and the high-pressure hydrogen in the test cavity 23 and the connected pipeline is discharged to a safe area through the flame arrestor 6; for example, the discharge valve 5 is closed when the pressure sensor 1 21 displays 0 MPa; or, before the discharge valve 5 is opened, the high-pressure hydrogen discharged from the test cavity 23 is recovered into the recovery tank 9 for reuse;

[0118] (8) The vacuum pump 8 is turned on to evacuate the test cavity 23 and the connected pipeline; for example, the vacuum pump 8 is stopped when the vacuum gauge 7 shows a value of about 200 Pa;

[0119] (9) Turn off the test system, disassemble the test chamber 23, remove the post-test rupture disc, and clean up any debris that may have been generated.

[0120] After being pressurized by compressor 16, hydrogen can be directly fed into test chamber 23, or it can be first stored in high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 before being fed into test chamber 23. The temperature control subsystem can be used to control the temperature of the hydrogen in high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15. Temperature sensor 17 provides real-time feedback of the hydrogen temperature in high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 to the host computer 14, allowing the host computer 14 to synchronously adjust the temperature control parameters of the temperature control subsystem. The temperature control subsystem can also cooperate with argon cylinder 11 and high-pressure hydrogen storage container 15 to prepare large quantities of low-temperature argon gas, allowing for a low-temperature argon purge after the test to rapidly cool the test apparatus.

Claims

1. A method for testing the performance of bursting discs in a high-pressure hydrogen environment, characterized in that: The bursting disc performance test device is used to perform bursting pressure tests, fatigue performance tests, sealing performance tests, or real-time observation of rupture morphology on bursting discs under different clamping forces in a high-pressure hydrogen environment of 0 to 140 MPa. The bursting disc performance test device includes a test chamber, a dark box, an imaging equipment protection chamber, an optical system, a gas system and a control system; wherein, The test chamber consists of an end seat, a front clamp seat, and a rear clamp seat connected in sequence by threads; the front clamp seat and the rear clamp seat have axial through-holes extending therethrough, and a clamping position for the bursting disc to be tested is provided between them; the end seat is closed at one end, and the front clamp seat is provided with an air inlet channel and an exhaust channel connected to the axial through-hole; The dark box has a hollow box-shaped structure and is provided with an air inlet channel on the side wall; the rear clamping support is fixedly mounted on the outside of the box and docked with the air inlet channel of the box through its axial through hole; The imaging equipment protective chamber comprises a hollow tubular support column and a chamber cover with an "X"-shaped cross section. Three annular steps are provided at the top of the support column, with an O-ring, high-pressure explosion-proof glass, and a positioning grid placed on each step from top to bottom. The chamber cover is nested and installed on the outside of the support column, with its top surface with a central opening pressing against the high-pressure explosion-proof glass, and its bottom is fixed to the bottom plate of the darkroom body via a flange, so that the support column is vertically fixed between the top surface of the chamber cover and the bottom plate of the body. The high-speed camera is placed inside the support column, with its lens facing the opening on the top surface of the chamber cover. The optical path system includes a light source and a one-way glass arranged in the dark box, and a reflector arranged on the inner side of the closed end of the end seat; the light source, the one-way glass, the air inlet channel of the box body, the axial through holes of the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat, and the reflector are coaxially arranged in sequence; the one-way glass is located at the intersection of the central axis of the test chamber and the central axis of the high-speed camera lens, and its reflecting surface is set at an inclination angle of 45° to the central axis of the test chamber towards the direction of the test chamber and the high-speed camera; the light source is located at the upper right side of the one-way glass, and the distance from the central axis of the test chamber is determined by the refraction angle of the light passing through the one-way glass; the effective diameter of the light source and The effective diameter of the one-way glass is greater than the axial through hole diameter of the rear clamping seat; The gas circuit system includes a compressor, a gas-controlled pressure-reducing valve, a pipeline, and a plurality of electrically controlled valves provided on the pipeline; the air inlet channel of the test chamber is connected in sequence to the gas-controlled pressure-reducing valve, the compressor, and the gas supply subsystem via a pipeline; the exhaust channel of the test chamber is connected to the discharge subsystem, the vacuum subsystem, and the recovery subsystem via a pipeline; the compressor outlet is also connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem via a pipeline; wherein the discharge subsystem includes a discharge valve, the vacuum subsystem includes a vacuum pump, the recovery subsystem includes a recovery tank, the gas supply subsystem includes a hydrogen cylinder and an argon cylinder, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container; The control system includes a host computer, a temperature control subsystem, and hydrogen sensors, pressure sensors, and temperature sensors installed in the test chamber and gas circuit system. The temperature control subsystem is used to adjust and control the temperature of the high-pressure hydrogen storage subsystem. It includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage container jacket and a cold source / heat source that provides a heat exchange medium. The two are connected by a pipeline to form a circulation loop. The pipeline is equipped with an electronically controlled valve. The host computer is connected to the temperature control subsystem, light source, high-speed camera, various sensors, and valves through signal lines. The method for testing the performance of a bursting disc in a high-pressure hydrogen environment specifically comprises: (1) Assemble the equipment and systems according to the structure and connection relationship of the device; (2) Separate the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat, and install the annular metal gasket, the bursting disc to be tested, and the special-shaped pressure ring in the step of the front clamping seat in sequence; then connect and tighten the threads of the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat, and adjust the installation torque according to the preset test plan; (3) Open the argon bottle and the relief valve in sequence, and purge the test chamber and the connected pipelines twice until the gas in the chamber is completely exhausted; (4) Turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the test chamber and the connected pipelines; (5) Open the hydrogen cylinder and the release valve in sequence to purge the test chamber and the connected pipelines twice; (6) Using a bursting disc performance test device, test or observe the bursting disc under different clamping forces; specifically including: (6.1) During the bursting pressure test: Increase the hydrogen pressure in the test chamber at a set rate. When the pressure sensor on the front clamping seat detects a sudden drop that exceeds the accuracy of the instrument and equipment, the host computer will issue a bursting disc blast warning and record the bursting pressure value read by the pressure sensor at that time. (6.2) During fatigue performance testing: pressurize and depressurize the test cavity for a set number of pressure cycles at the set upper and lower limits and frequency of the pressure cycle, and then perform a bursting pressure test on the fatigued bursting disc according to the operation described in step (6.1); alternatively, perform fatigue life testing on the bursting disc by cyclically pressurizing and depressurizing the test cavity at the set upper and lower limits and frequency of the pressure cycle until the difference between the peak pressure cycle detected by the pressure sensor on the front clamp seat and the set upper limit of the pressure cycle exceeds the accuracy range of the instrument and equipment; the host computer prompts the bursting disc blasting action warning, and records the number of fatigue cycles at this time and the bursting pressure value read by the pressure sensor; (6.3) During the sealing performance test: Use the hydrogen sensors on the front and rear clamping seats to monitor the changes in hydrogen concentration in the bursting disc seal leakage channel during the pressure maintenance, pressurization, and pressure cycling operations, and record the changes in hydrogen concentration in the upper computer; (6.4) During real-time observation of rupture morphology: Light emitted from the light source propagates in a direction parallel to the central axis of the test chamber, is refracted through the one-way glass, and then enters the test chamber. It is partially blocked by the incompletely deployed rupture disc and then reflected back by the reflector on the inner side of the end holder. The portion of light that can pass through, after reaching the reflective surface of the one-way glass, is mostly reflected downward perpendicular to the original direction of the light, passes through the high-pressure explosion-proof glass and the positioning grid, and is finally received by the high-speed camera. In this way, the rupture morphology, rupture rate, and the presence of fragments during the blasting process of the rupture disc are recorded in real time. (7) After the test is completed, close the hydrogen cylinder, compressor, and gas-controlled pressure reducing valve, open the discharge valve, and discharge the high-pressure hydrogen in the test chamber and the connected pipeline to a safe area through the flame arrester; or, before opening the discharge valve, recover the high-pressure hydrogen discharged from the test chamber into a recovery tank for reuse; (8) Turn on the vacuum pump to evacuate the test chamber and the connected pipelines; (9) Turn off the test system and disassemble and clean the test chamber.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step (2), the installation torque between the front clamping seat and the rear clamping seat is obtained by converting the installation torque of the actual bursting disc product. During the process, it is considered that the clamping force on the bursting disc is equal in the two cases, and the respective thread connection parameters are different.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step (6), the operating parameters of the gas-controlled pressure reducing valve are synchronously adjusted by the host computer according to the real-time monitored value of the hydrogen pressure in the test chamber; when the bursting disc explodes according to the pressure monitoring value, the valve on the hydrogen sensor circuit is automatically closed by the host computer; the hydrogen is directly input into the test chamber after being pressurized by the compressor, or is first stored in a high-pressure hydrogen storage container and then input into the test chamber; the temperature sensor feeds back the hydrogen temperature in the high-pressure hydrogen storage container to the host computer in real time, and the control parameters of the temperature control subsystem are synchronously adjusted by the host computer; or, low-temperature argon is prepared by using the argon cylinders in the temperature control subsystem, the high-pressure hydrogen storage container and the gas supply subsystem, so as to perform low-temperature argon purge after the test to quickly cool the test device.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein In the bursting disc performance testing device, the exteriors of the end seat, front clamp seat and rear clamp seat are in the shape of a hexagonal prism; the axial through-hole diameters of the front clamp seat and rear clamp seat and the inner diameter of the air inlet passage of the darkroom body are both greater than or equal to the discharge diameter of the bursting disc to be tested; the reflector is circular, placed in the end face step of the end seat, and is pressed by the front clamp seat and the reflector pressure ring to achieve limited installation; the inner diameter of the reflector pressure ring is greater than the discharge diameter of the bursting disc to be tested.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The high-pressure hydrogen storage container is provided with a plurality of openings on its wall, which are used to install sensors for monitoring pressure and temperature, and to connect a relief valve through a pipeline.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom plate of the box body is provided with a high-speed camera wiring through hole and its peripheral countersunk hole; the support column is provided with an axial through hole, and the fourth step, the fifth step and the sixth step are provided in sequence from top to bottom along the inner wall of the through hole; the high-pressure explosion-proof glass is composed of a first frustum and a second frustum; the compartment cover is composed of an inward upper section, a cylindrical middle section and a flange lower section; the fourth step, the sixth step and the upper edge of the first frustum are provided with fillets; the side wall surface of the fifth step is a conical surface, and the side wall surface of the second frustum is a frosted glass conical surface, the two have the same inclination angle, and the axial length of the former is smaller than that of the latter; the inclination angle of the side wall surface of the first frustum is greater than The second frustum; the supporting column is arranged in the countersunk hole of the bottom plate of the box body; the high-pressure explosion-proof glass is placed on the conical surface of the fifth step of the supporting column; the lower end surface of the inward-retracted upper section of the bin cover is pressed on the upper end surface of the high-pressure explosion-proof glass; the cylindrical middle section of the bin cover is sleeved on the outer wall surface of the supporting column; the lower section of the bin cover flange is connected to the bottom plate of the box body with screws; a positioning grid is placed on the sixth step of the supporting column; a high-speed camera is placed in the through hole below the sixth step; an annular groove is provided on the lower end surface of the supporting column, and an O-ring four is embedded in the groove; an O-ring five is placed on the fourth step of the supporting column.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the bursting disc performance testing device, the inner wall surface of the end seat is provided with a first step and an end face step from right to left; the front clamping seat is composed of a first left section frustum, a first middle section prism and a first right section rib groove, wherein the inner wall surface of the first right section rib groove is provided with a second step and a third step from right to left; the rear clamping seat is composed of a second left section frustum, a second middle section prism and a second right section rib groove, wherein the right end surface of the second right section rib groove is provided with circumferentially uniformly distributed screw holes, which cooperate with the circumferentially uniformly distributed through holes provided on the outer box body of the box body air inlet channel to install screws; a box door and an exhaust window are provided on the dark box body opposite to the box body air inlet channel, and a door handle is provided on the outer side of the box door.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The air intake channel and the exhaust channel are arranged on the first middle section prism of the front clamping seat; monitoring channel one and monitoring channel two are also provided on the first middle section prism, in which sensors for temperature monitoring and pressure monitoring are embedded and installed respectively; monitoring channel three is provided at the second step of the front clamping seat, and monitoring channel four is provided at the second middle section prism of the rear clamping seat, in which sensors for hydrogen concentration monitoring are embedded and installed respectively.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that Annular grooves are respectively provided on the left end face of the first middle section prism, the outer wall of the second left section frustum and the outer wall of the box between the box air inlet channel and its peripheral circumferentially uniformly distributed through holes, and O-shaped rubber sealing rings are respectively embedded in the grooves for sealing.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The clamping position of the bursting disc to be tested is arranged in the third step between the first right section rib groove of the front clamping seat and the second left section truncated cone of the rear clamping seat; the annular metal gasket, the bursting disc to be tested and the special-shaped pressure ring are placed in sequence in the clamping position of the bursting disc to be tested, and the special-shaped pressure ring is pressed by the rear clamping seat, further pressing the bursting disc to be tested and the annular metal gasket and achieving sealing; the special-shaped pressure ring is an integrated structure comprising a first circular ring and a second circular ring; the inner diameter of the first circular ring is the same as the outer diameter of the bursting disc to be tested, the inner diameter of the second circular ring is the same as the discharge diameter of the bursting disc to be tested, and a rounded corner is provided at the left edge of the second circular ring close to the side of the bursting disc to be tested.

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