Explosion-proof air cylinder ultimate pressure detection device and pressure relief structure thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage cylinder pressure relief and detection, and particularly discloses an explosion-proof gas storage cylinder ultimate pressure detection device and a pressure relief structure thereof. When the pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder abnormally rises and reaches a critical value, the pressure relief mechanism is automatically started, and high-pressure hydrogen is guided to the limit relief connector. In the process, the pressure reducing mechanism intervenes the high-speed hydrogen flow, and the flow speed and pressure of the high-speed hydrogen flow are effectively reduced. When the pressure relief mechanism is started, the pre-fire-extinguishing mechanism is driven to perform pre-fire-extinguishing on hydrogen subjected to pressure reduction by the pressure reduction mechanism, so that controllable and ordered release of high-pressure hydrogen is realized, violent impact caused by instantaneous sudden drop of pressure is avoided, and a fire extinguishing agent can be early intervened in a release path; combustion reaction possibly caused by static electricity or an external fire source is actively inhibited, so that the risk of secondary burning explosion in the discharging process is fundamentally eradicated, and safe jump from passive pressure relief to active explosion suppression is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage cylinder pressure relief and detection, and particularly relates to an anti-explosion hydrogen storage cylinder limit pressure detection device and a pressure relief structure thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a key pressure vessel, the hydrogen storage cylinder is widely used in vehicle braking systems, industrial pneumatic equipment and emerging energy fields, and its core function is to safely store compressed gas and stably release the compressed gas to provide power when needed. With the progress of high-pressure storage technology, the working pressure of the hydrogen storage cylinder is increasing, which puts extremely high requirements on the reliability of the cylinder body and its attached safety structure.

[0003] In particular, in the hydrogen energy application scenario, the hydrogen storage cylinder needs to withstand an ultra-high pressure of up to 35 MPa or even 70 MPa to compress and store hydrogen with extremely low density. At the bottle opening of such a hydrogen storage cylinder, a precise bottle opening valve is usually integrated, which not only bears the functions of hydrogen filling and supply control, but also has a temperature-activated pressure relief device and other safety units built-in, thereby constituting the first barrier for hydrogen storage safety. Whether the bottle opening valve is reliable directly determines the safety of the closed storage of high-pressure hydrogen, and is a key component for preventing hydrogen leakage and maintaining the normal operation of the entire system.

[0004] In the above technology, when the pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder exceeds the limit value, the bottle opening valve will automatically start and release the high-pressure hydrogen to avoid physical explosion of the hydrogen storage cylinder. However, this key safety measure may cause fatal secondary disasters. Because hydrogen has extremely low ignition energy and a wide explosion concentration range, the high-speed jet flow of ultra-high pressure hydrogen is extremely easy to generate static sparks due to friction with the valve or pipeline, or to be instantaneously ignited due to the presence of external fire sources in the jet path, and even to cause the space explosion of the mixed gas of surrounding hydrogen and air.

[0005] That is, although the above pressure relief device can prevent physical explosion of the hydrogen storage cylinder, it cannot avoid the risk of chemical explosion during the release process, and the release behavior itself constitutes a major safety hazard. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an active safety pressure relief structure that not only can reliably release pressure, but also can fundamentally block the combustion chain after hydrogen release, thereby achieving safer release of hydrogen. SUMMARY

[0006] In order to overcome the problem of the above pressure relief device that there is a risk of secondary explosion caused by static electricity or external fire sources when releasing high-pressure hydrogen, the application provides an anti-explosion hydrogen storage cylinder limit pressure detection device and a pressure relief structure thereof.

[0007] The application discloses an anti-explosion hydrogen storage cylinder limit pressure relief structure, which adopts the following technical scheme: The application discloses an explosion-proof cylinder limit pressure relief structure for emergency relief of high-pressure hydrogen gas in a hydrogen storage cylinder. The limit relief pipe is internally provided with a pre-fire extinguishing mechanism, which is communicated with the limit relief joint, and the pre-fire extinguishing mechanism can pre-extinguish hydrogen gas after pressure relief of the pressure relief mechanism.

[0008] When the pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder abnormally rises and reaches a critical value, the pressure relief mechanism is automatically started to guide the high-pressure hydrogen gas to the limit relief joint. In this process, the pressure relief mechanism intervenes in the high-speed hydrogen gas flow to effectively reduce the flow rate and pressure of the hydrogen gas. When the pressure relief mechanism is started, the pre-fire extinguishing mechanism pre-extinguishes hydrogen gas after pressure relief of the pressure relief mechanism, realizes controllable and orderly relief of high-pressure hydrogen gas, avoids violent impact caused by instantaneous pressure drop, and can actively inhibit combustion reaction caused by static electricity or external fire source through early intervention of the fire extinguishing agent in the relief path, thereby fundamentally eliminating the secondary explosion risk in the relief process and realizing safety leap from passive pressure relief to active explosion suppression.

[0009] Optionally, the pressure relief mechanism comprises a pressure relief piston, a shear pin and a positioning assembly, the pressure relief piston is slidingly and sealingly arranged in the limit relief pipe, the limit relief pipe and the pressure relief piston are provided with plug-in grooves corresponding to each other, the shear pin is respectively plugged into the plug-in grooves, and the positioning assembly is provided with two groups of plug-in grooves corresponding to the two plug-in grooves and can centrally arrange the shear pin in the two plug-in grooves.

[0010] Through the above technical scheme, the pressure relief piston is accurately positioned by the shear pin, the positioning assembly can ensure that the shear pin is centrally and stably arranged in the plug-in groove, when the force of the gas pressure acting on the pressure relief piston exceeds the mechanical strength of the shear pin, the shear pin is sheared off, and the pressure relief piston moves to open the pressure relief channel, so that the accurate triggering of the pressure relief action is realized, and due to the stable effect of the positioning assembly on the shear pin, the entire pressure relief mechanism is not sensitive to mechanical interference such as vibration and impact from the outside, and the reliability and anti-interference performance of the pressure relief action are significantly improved.

[0011] Optionally, the positioning assembly comprises a positioning plate and a positioning spring, the positioning spring is slidingly installed in the plug-in groove, one end of the positioning spring is fixed to the end of the positioning plate away from the shear pin, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the plug-in groove.

[0012] By adopting the technical scheme, the positioning spring provides continuous elastic pre-tightening force for the positioning plate, so that the positioning plate is always pressed against both ends of the shear pin, thereby ensuring that even if there is a small gap or deformation during assembly and use, the positioning spring can automatically compensate and reset the positioning plate, thereby continuously maintaining the centered state of the shear pin, further strengthening the stability and self-adaptability of the shear pin positioning, effectively preventing uneven stress or abnormal wear caused by the deflection of the positioning pin, and ensuring the high consistency of the pressure triggering pressure.

[0013] Optionally, a shear guide groove is formed in the middle of the shear pin, and the shear guide groove is arranged at the connection between the pressure relief piston and the limit relief pipe under the action of the two positioning plates.

[0014] By adopting the technical scheme, the shear guide groove pre-set in the middle of the shear pin constitutes a precisely defined mechanical weak point. Under an overpressure state, stress will be highly concentrated at the shear guide groove, which can accurately guide the specific position of the fracture occurrence, ensuring that the shear pin occurs pure and rapid shear fracture under the predetermined pressure, rather than unpredictable bending or tearing, thereby greatly improving the accuracy, repeatability and reliability of the pressure relief mechanism action pressure.

[0015] Optionally, the pre-fire extinguishing mechanism includes a piercing rod, a piercing head, a fire extinguishing chamber, and a self-opening valve assembly, the piercing rod is slidingly inserted into the pressure relief piston, and the piercing head is fixed to the end of the piercing rod and located on the back pressure side. A limiting groove is formed in the end of the pressure relief piston near the pressure side, the end of the piercing rod is integrally provided with a sealing plate matched with the limiting groove, and the sealing plate and the limiting groove are in sliding sealing. An airtight channel is arranged in the sealing plate, the piercing rod and the piercing head, one end of the airtight channel penetrates the end face of the sealing plate near the bottom of the limiting groove, and the other end penetrates the end of the piercing head. The fire extinguishing chamber is provided with a piercing opening near the end of the piercing head, a metal film is sealed on the piercing opening, an outlet is formed in the side wall of the fire extinguishing chamber, the self-opening valve assembly is arranged on the outlet, an extinguishing channel is communicated between the limit relief pipe and the limit relief connector, and the outlet is communicated with one end of the extinguishing channel.

[0016] By adopting the technical scheme, the movement of the pressure relief piston drives the piercing rod and the piercing head to move forward, and after the piercing head pierces the metal film, the piercing head is blocked by the piercing opening of the fire extinguishing chamber. At this time, under the action of the air pressure, the pressure relief piston continues to move, so that the sealing plate is separated from the limiting groove, the air pressure enters from the airtight channel on the sealing plate and is sprayed from the airtight channel on the piercing head, thereby releasing the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing chamber.

[0017] The pre-fire extinguishing mechanism is mechanically linked with the pressure relief action, and can actively and instantly deliver the fire extinguishing agent into the gas flow at the same time when the hydrogen starts to be released, thereby suppressing the fire source caused by static electricity or friction at the source, and realizing the safety function upgrade from passive pressure relief to active explosion suppression.

[0018] Optionally, the self-opening valve assembly comprises a valve pipe, a valve shaft and a valve sheet, the valve pipe is fixed on the outlet of the fire extinguishing tank, the valve shaft rotates and penetrates the inner cavity of the valve pipe, and the valve sheet is fixedly installed on the valve shaft; a reset torsional spring is further arranged on the valve shaft, and the valve sheet opens against the torsional force of the reset torsional spring when the gas pressure in the fire extinguishing tank increases.

[0019] By adopting the above technical scheme, the valve sheet is driven to close by the reset torsional spring in normal state, the sealing property of the fire extinguishing tank is ensured, the valve sheet is rotated and opened against the torsional force of the reset torsional spring when the pressure of the fire extinguishing agent increases due to the piercing action, the automatic control of the fire extinguishing agent outlet is realized, the sealing and moisture-proof during storage are ensured, the fire extinguishing agent can be opened in time when needed, the fire extinguishing agent smoothly and quickly enters the fire extinguishing channel, the whole process does not need external intervention and is automatically completed by pure machinery, the pre-fire extinguishing of the gas after pressure reduction is realized, and active explosion suppression is realized.

[0020] Optionally, the end of the piercing rod away from the sealing plate is slidingly installed with a buffer seat and a buffer spring, one end of the buffer spring is fixedly connected with the buffer seat, the other end is fixedly connected with the pressure relief piston, the piercing head is retracted into the buffer seat when the buffer spring is not acted by external force, and the piercing head extends out of the buffer seat and separates the sealing plate from the bottom wall of the limiting groove when the buffer seat abuts against the piercing opening.

[0021] By adopting the above technical scheme, the cooperation of the buffer seat and the buffer spring makes the piercing head keep the retracted state before contacting the piercing opening. When the buffer seat abuts against the piercing opening, the buffer spring is compressed, and the piercing head extends out to complete the piercing action, thereby realizing the buffer of the pressure relief piston and the protection of the piercing head.

[0022] Optionally, the pressure reduction mechanism comprises a pressure reduction cylinder, a first pressure reduction plate, a second pressure reduction plate and a third pressure reduction plate, a plurality of pressure reduction holes are formed in the first pressure reduction plate, the second pressure reduction plate and the third pressure reduction plate, the diameters of the pressure reduction holes in the first pressure reduction plate, the second pressure reduction plate and the third pressure reduction plate gradually increase, the pressure reduction cylinder is fixed in the inner cavity of the limit discharge connector, the first pressure reduction plate, the second pressure reduction plate and the third pressure reduction plate are fixed in the pressure reduction cylinder in sequence, and the first pressure reduction plate is located close to the connection between the limit discharge pipe and the limit discharge connector.

[0023] By adopting the technical scheme, when the fire extinguishing agent enters the limit relief joint, the high-pressure hydrogen gas passes through the first pressure relief plate, the second pressure relief plate and the third pressure relief plate in sequence, and the pressure relief holes on the first pressure relief plate, the second pressure relief plate and the third pressure relief plate gradually throttle the gas flow, so that the pressure and speed of the high-pressure hydrogen gas are attenuated in a step-by-step and gentle manner, the kinetic energy and noise of the outlet gas flow are significantly reduced, the risk of static spark generated by high-speed hydrogen gas injection is greatly reduced, and the safety of the relief process is improved.

[0024] Optionally, the limit relief joint and the limit relief pipe end are each provided with a flange plate, and the flange plate fixes the pressure relief cylinder and the fire extinguishing chamber in the corresponding inner cavity.

[0025] By adopting the technical scheme, the flange plate provides a standard and stable mechanical interface and sealing plane for core components such as the pressure relief mechanism and the fire extinguishing chamber, realizes the modular and standardized installation and positioning of the pressure relief cylinder and the fire extinguishing chamber, not only guarantees the precision and sealing reliability of assembly, but also greatly facilitates subsequent maintenance, repair or component replacement, and improves the maintainability and engineering applicability of the entire pressure relief structure.

[0026] The application also discloses a limit pressure detection device for an explosion-proof gas cylinder. A limit pressure detection device for an explosion-proof gas cylinder is applied to the limit pressure relief structure of the explosion-proof gas cylinder and comprises a pressure gauge fixed to a side wall of a pressure side of a limit relief pipe and a pressure table electrically connected with the pressure gauge.

[0027] By adopting the technical scheme, the pressure gauge monitors the pressure of the pressure side of the limit relief pipe in real time, and the pressure table directly and intuitively displays the pressure, so that the operator can directly and accurately read the pressure, can grasp the pressure state in the hydrogen storage cylinder in real time without triggering the pressure relief mechanism, or can monitor the system pressure during maintenance, and plays an important role in safety monitoring and early warning.

[0028] In summary, the application has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. When the pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder abnormally rises and reaches a critical value, the pressure relief mechanism is automatically started to guide the high-pressure hydrogen gas to the limit relief joint, in this process, the pressure relief mechanism intervenes in the high-speed hydrogen gas flow to effectively reduce the flow rate and pressure, when the pressure relief mechanism is started, the pre-fire extinguishing mechanism is driven to pre-extinguish the hydrogen gas after pressure relief of the pressure relief mechanism, the controllable and orderly relief of the high-pressure hydrogen gas is realized, the risk of secondary explosion in the relief process due to instantaneous pressure drop is avoided, and the combustion reaction caused by static electricity or external fire source can be actively inhibited through early intervention of the fire extinguishing agent in the relief path, so that the secondary explosion risk in the relief process is fundamentally eliminated. 2. The movement of the pressure relief piston drives the piercing rod and the piercing head forward. After the piercing head pierces the metal film, the piercing head is blocked by the piercing hole of the fire extinguishing chamber. At this time, under the action of gas pressure, the pressure relief piston continues to move, so that the sealing plate is separated from the limiting groove. The gas pressure enters from the airtight channel on the sealing plate and is sprayed from the airtight channel on the piercing head, thereby releasing the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing chamber. The pre-fire extinguishing mechanism and the pressure relief action realize mechanical linkage, which can actively and timely deliver the fire extinguishing agent into the gas flow at the same time as the hydrogen starts to leak, thereby inhibiting the fire source that may be generated by static electricity or friction at the source, realizing the safety function upgrade from passive pressure relief to active explosion suppression. 3. When the pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder reaches the limit pressure, the external environment where the hydrogen storage cylinder is located is in an abnormal environment state, such as a high-temperature environment generated by fire, deflagration, etc. due to violent impact. At this time, the solenoid valve and other electromagnetic elements commonly used for pressure relief of the cylinder valve may have failed or be in a power-off state, that is, the elements that control the opening of the valve for pressure relief cannot work normally at this time, making it difficult to achieve normal pressure relief of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder, which will eventually lead to a serious explosion accident and has great safety risks. The pressure relief in the present application adopts a physical relief structure and can automatically realize the corresponding function under the action of high-pressure hydrogen without relying on circuit control to open, and its efficacy is more stable and safe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiment description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0030] Figure 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage tank and the cylinder valve in the present application; Figure 2 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the cylinder valve in the present application; Figure 1 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the cylinder valve in the present application; Figure 3 Figure 2 is the internal structure schematic diagram of the cylinder valve in the present application; Figure 4 is the sectional view of the cylinder valve in the present application; Figure 3 is the enlarged view of A in the present application; Figure 5 Figure 4 is the enlarged view of B in the present application. Figure 6 is the enlarged view of B in the present application. Figure 4

[0031] ​​​Reference signs: 1, bottle valve; 2, limit relief pipe; 3, limit relief joint; 4, pressure relief mechanism; 41, pressure relief piston; 411, limiting groove; 412, sealing plate; 42, shear pin; 43, positioning plate; 44, positioning spring; 5, pressure reduction mechanism; 51, pressure reduction cylinder; 52, first pressure reduction plate; 53, second pressure reduction plate; 54, third pressure reduction plate; 55, pressure reduction hole; 6, pre-fire extinguishing mechanism; 61, piercing rod; 611, buffer seat; 612, buffer spring; 62, piercing head; 63, fire extinguishing chamber; 631, piercing hole; 632, metal film; 64, airtight channel; 65, valve pipe; 66, valve shaft; 67, valve piece; 68, reset torsional spring; 7, flange; 8, pressure gauge; 9, pressure gauge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-6 The present application will be further described in detail.

[0033] The present application discloses a kind of limit pressure relief structure of explosion-proof gas cylinder.

[0034] With reference to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a kind of limit pressure relief structure of explosion-proof gas cylinder, a kind of limit pressure relief structure of explosion-proof gas cylinder, for the high-pressure hydrogen in hydrogen storage cylinder is carried out emergency relief, including bottle valve 1, bottle valve 1 is provided with limit relief pipe 2, limit relief pipe 2 side wall is provided with limit relief joint 3, limit relief pipe 2 is provided with pressure relief mechanism 4 of automatic pressure relief under limit pressure in, limit relief joint 3 is provided with pressure reduction mechanism 5 for the pressure of relief pressure relief mechanism 4 is discharged.

[0035] Limit relief pipe 2 is provided with pre-fire extinguishing mechanism 6, pre-fire extinguishing mechanism 6 is communicated with limit relief joint 3, when pressure relief mechanism 4 is relieved, pre-fire extinguishing mechanism 6 can pre-fire hydrogen after pressure reduction of pressure reduction mechanism 5.

[0036] In the embodiment, because hydrogen molecular weight is small, hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon can occur in ordinary materials in actual use, hydrogen can be observed trace slow leakage, when reaching certain concentration in airtight space, explosion will occur when encountering external fire or ignition, therefore, the sealing property of hydrogen storage cylinder needs to be guaranteed in the present application, hydrogen leakage is reduced, and the generation of deflagration is reduced in the pressure relief process.

[0037] When hydrogen storage cylinder is collided and compressed to produce deformation, or the environment of hydrogen storage cylinder is high temperature or even on fire, the pressure in hydrogen storage cylinder increases sharply at this time, if not relieved when increasing to more than predetermined pressure, the hydrogen storage cylinder will be directly broken and exploded, the pressure relief mechanism 4 in the embodiment can guide hydrogen to be relieved, so that the hydrogen storage cylinder will not be directly broken due to overpressure hydrogen; However, when the large flow of hydrogen is released, the high-speed hydrogen flow is prone to friction with the bottle opening, and static electricity or sparks are prone to be generated, thereby igniting the high-speed hydrogen flow, causing serious hydrogen explosion, and further causing the vehicle to catch fire or even explode, or causing a fire in the environment where the hydrogen storage cylinder is located. In order to reduce the occurrence of the above situation, the embodiment is provided with the limit release joint 3.

[0038] When the pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder abnormally rises and reaches a critical value, the pressure release mechanism 4 is automatically started to guide the high-pressure hydrogen to the limit release joint 3. In this process, the pressure reduction mechanism 5 intervenes in the high-speed hydrogen flow to effectively reduce the flow rate and pressure thereof.

[0039] When the pressure release mechanism 4 is started, the pre-fire extinguishing mechanism 6 is driven to pre-extinguish the hydrogen after the pressure reduction of the pressure reduction mechanism 5, so that the controllable and orderly release of high-pressure hydrogen is realized, the violent impact caused by the instantaneous pressure drop is avoided, and the early intervention of the fire extinguishing agent in the release path can actively suppress the combustion reaction caused by static electricity or external fire source, thereby fundamentally eliminating the secondary explosion risk in the release process, and realizing the safety leap from passive pressure release to active explosion suppression.

[0040] In the embodiment, the hydrogen storage cylinder can store not only high-pressure, flammable and explosive gases such as hydrogen, natural gas, propane, acetylene, etc. in the embodiment, but also inert and non-toxic non-flammable gases such as compressed air, nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, etc.

[0041] Referring to Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the pressure release mechanism 4 includes a pressure release piston 41, a shear pin 42, and a positioning assembly. The pressure release piston 41 is slidingly and sealingly arranged in the limit release pipe 2. The limit release pipe 2 and the side wall of the pressure release piston 41 are provided with corresponding plug-in grooves. The two ends of the shear pin 42 are respectively plugged into the corresponding plug-in grooves. The positioning assembly is provided with two groups corresponding to the two plug-in grooves, and can centrally arrange the shear pin 42 in the two plug-in grooves.

[0042] The pressure release piston 41 is accurately positioned by the shear pin 42, and the positioning assembly can ensure the centralization and stability of the shear pin 42 in the plug-in groove. When the force of the gas pressure acting on the pressure release piston 41 exceeds the mechanical strength of the shear pin 42, the shear pin 42 is sheared off, and the pressure release piston 41 moves to open the pressure release channel, thereby realizing the accurate triggering of the pressure release action. Due to the stable effect of the positioning assembly on the shear pin 42, the entire pressure release mechanism 4 is not sensitive to external vibration, impact and other mechanical interference, and the reliability and anti-interference of the pressure release action are significantly improved.

[0043] Referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6The positioning assembly comprises a positioning plate 43 and a positioning spring 44, the positioning spring 44 is slidingly installed in the insertion slot, one end of the positioning spring 44 is fixed to the end of the positioning plate 43 away from the shear pin 42, and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the insertion slot.

[0044] The positioning spring 44 provides a continuous elastic pre-tightening force for the positioning plate 43, so that the positioning plate 43 is always pressed against the two ends of the shear pin 42, thereby ensuring that even if there is a small gap or deformation during assembly and use, the positioning spring 44 can automatically compensate and reset the positioning plate 43, thereby continuously maintaining the centered state of the shear pin 42, further strengthening the stability and self-adaptability of the positioning of the shear pin 42, effectively preventing uneven stress or abnormal wear caused by the deflection of the positioning pin, and ensuring the high consistency of the pressure trigger pressure.

[0045] Further, a shear guide groove is formed in the middle of the shear pin 42, and the shear guide groove is centrally arranged at the connection between the pressure relief piston 41 and the limit relief pipe 2 under the action of the two positioning plates 43.

[0046] The shear guide groove pre-set in the middle of the shear pin 42 constitutes a precisely defined mechanical weak point, under the condition of overpressure, stress will be highly concentrated at the shear guide groove, it can accurately guide the specific position of the fracture occurrence, ensure the pure and rapid shear fracture of the shear pin 42 under the predetermined pressure, rather than unpredictable bending or tearing, thereby greatly improving the accuracy, repeatability and reliability of the action pressure of the pressure relief mechanism 4.

[0047] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the pre-fire extinguishing mechanism 6 comprises a piercing rod 61, a piercing head 62, a fire extinguishing chamber 63 and a self-opening valve assembly, the piercing rod 61 is slidingly inserted into the pressure relief piston 41, the piercing head 62 is fixed to the end of the piercing rod 61 and located on the back pressure side.

[0048] The end of the pressure relief piston 41 near the pressure side is provided with a limiting groove 411, and the end of the piercing rod 61 is integrally provided with a sealing plate 412 matched with the limiting groove 411, and the sealing plate 412 is slidingly sealed with the limiting groove 411.

[0049] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the sealing plate 412, the piercing rod 61 and the piercing head 62 are all provided with a gas-tight channel 64, one end of the gas-tight channel 64 penetrates the end face of the sealing plate 412 close to the bottom of the limiting groove 411, and the other end penetrates the end of the piercing head 62.

[0050] The fire extinguishing agent is installed in the fire extinguishing bin 63, and the main component of the fire extinguishing agent is ammonium phosphate salt. The fire extinguishing bin 63 is provided with a piercing hole 631 at the end close to the piercing head 62, and a metal film 632 is sealed on the piercing hole 631. An outlet is formed in the side wall of the fire extinguishing bin 63, a self-opening valve assembly is arranged on the outlet, and a fire extinguishing channel is connected between the limiting discharge pipe 2 and the limiting discharge connector 3. One end of the outlet is communicated with the fire extinguishing channel.

[0051] The movement of the pressure relief piston 41 drives the piercing rod 61 and the piercing head 62 to advance. After the piercing head 62 pierces the metal film 632, the piercing head 62 is blocked by the piercing hole 631 of the fire extinguishing bin 63. At this time, under the action of the gas pressure, the pressure relief piston 41 continues to move, so that the sealing plate 412 is separated from the limiting groove 411. The gas pressure enters from the airtight channel 64 on the sealing plate 412 and is sprayed from the airtight channel 64 on the piercing head 62, so as to release the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing bin 63.

[0052] The pre-fire extinguishing mechanism 6 and the pressure relief action realize mechanical linkage. The fire extinguishing agent can be actively and timely delivered into the gas flow when the hydrogen starts to be discharged, so as to suppress the fire source that may be caused by static electricity or friction at the source, and realize the safety function upgrade from passive pressure relief to active explosion suppression.

[0053] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the self-opening valve assembly includes a valve pipe 65, a valve shaft 66 and a valve plate 67. The valve pipe 65 is fixed on the outlet of the fire extinguishing bin 63. The valve shaft 66 is rotatable and penetrates the inner cavity of the valve pipe 65. The valve plate 67 is fixedly installed on the valve shaft 66. A reset torsional spring 68 is further arranged on the valve shaft 66. The valve plate 67 is opened against the torsional force of the reset torsional spring 68 when the gas pressure in the fire extinguishing bin 63 increases.

[0054] The valve plate 67 is closed by the reset torsional spring 68 in the normal state, so as to ensure the sealing property of the fire extinguishing bin 63. When the pressure of the fire extinguishing agent increases due to the piercing action, the gas pressure drives the valve plate 67 to rotate and open against the torsional force of the reset torsional spring 68, so as to realize the automatic control of the outlet of the fire extinguishing agent. The sealing and moisture-proof during storage are ensured, and the fire extinguishing agent can be timely opened when needed, so as to ensure that the fire extinguishing agent smoothly and quickly enters the fire extinguishing channel. The whole process does not need external intervention and is automatically completed by pure machinery. The pre-fire extinguishing of the gas after pressure relief is realized, and the active explosion suppression is realized.

[0055] The end of the piercing rod 61 away from the sealing plate 412 is slidingly installed with a buffer seat 611 and a buffer spring 612. One end of the buffer spring 612 is fixedly connected with the buffer seat 611, and the other end is fixedly connected with the pressure relief piston 41. The piercing head 62 is retracted into the buffer seat 611 when the buffer spring 612 is not subjected to external force. When the buffer seat 611 abuts against the piercing hole 631, the piercing head 62 extends out of the buffer seat 611 and separates the sealing plate 412 from the bottom wall of the limiting groove 411.

[0056] The cooperation of the buffer seat 611 and the buffer spring 612 makes the piercing head 62 maintain a retracted state before contacting the piercing hole 631. When the buffer seat 611 abuts against the piercing hole 631, the buffer spring 612 is compressed, and the piercing head 62 extends out to complete the piercing action, thereby achieving the buffering of the pressure relief piston 41 and the protection of the piercing head 62.

[0057] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the pressure relief mechanism 5 includes a pressure relief cylinder 51, a first pressure relief plate 52, a second pressure relief plate 53, and a third pressure relief plate 54. A plurality of pressure relief holes 55 are formed in each of the first pressure relief plate 52, the second pressure relief plate 53, and the third pressure relief plate 54. The diameters of the pressure relief holes 55 in the first pressure relief plate 52, the second pressure relief plate 53, and the third pressure relief plate 54 gradually increase. The pressure relief cylinder 51 is fixed in the inner cavity of the limit relief connector 3. The first pressure relief plate 52, the second pressure relief plate 53, and the third pressure relief plate 54 are sequentially fixed in the pressure relief cylinder 51, and the first pressure relief plate 52 is located close to the connection between the limit relief pipe 2 and the limit relief connector 3.

[0058] When the fire extinguishing agent enters the limit relief connector 3, the high-pressure hydrogen gas passes through the first pressure relief plate 52, the second pressure relief plate 53, and the third pressure relief plate 54 in sequence. The pressure relief holes 55 in the first pressure relief plate 52, the second pressure relief plate 53, and the third pressure relief plate 54 gradually throttle the gas flow, thereby causing the pressure and speed of the high-pressure hydrogen gas to gradually and gently decrease. This significantly reduces the kinetic energy and noise of the outlet gas flow, greatly reduces the risk of static spark generated by high-speed hydrogen gas injection, and improves the safety of the relief process.

[0059] Referring to Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , the limit relief connector 3 and the limit relief pipe 2 are both provided with flanges 7. The flange 7 at the limit relief pipe 2 is sealingly arranged and fixedly connected with the fire extinguishing tank 63. The flange 7 at the limit relief connector 3 can fix the pressure relief cylinder 51, and this flange 7 is openingly arranged.

[0060] The flange plate 7 provides a standard and stable mechanical interface and sealing plane for core components such as the pressure relief mechanism 5 and the fire extinguishing cartridge 63, realizes the modular and standardized installation and positioning of the pressure relief cylinder 51 and the fire extinguishing cartridge 63, guarantees the assembly accuracy and sealing reliability, greatly facilitates the subsequent maintenance, repair or component replacement, and improves the maintainability and engineering applicability of the entire pressure relief structure.

[0061] The implementation principle of the pressure relief structure of the explosion-proof gas cylinder with limit pressure of the embodiment of the application is as follows: when the hydrogen storage cylinder is normally working, the pressure relief piston 41 on the bottle valve 1 is locked by the shear pin 42, and the system is kept sealed. When the pressure in the cylinder abnormally exceeds the limit value, the pressure acting on the pressure relief piston 41 rapidly increases. When the force reaches the mechanical strength limit of the shear pin 42, the shear pin 42 is accurately sheared at the preset shear guide groove; The pressure relief piston 41 loses constraint and rapidly moves under the push of high-pressure gas, so that the hydrogen gas flows into the limit relief pipe 2. The movement of the pressure relief piston 41 drives the piercing head 62 to pierce the metal film 632 of the fire extinguishing cartridge 63 through the piercing rod 61; Then the piercing head 62 is blocked by the piercing port 631 of the fire extinguishing cartridge 63. At this time, under the action of gas pressure, the pressure relief piston 41 continues to move, so that the sealing plate 412 is separated from the limiting groove 411. The gas pressure enters from the airtight passage 64 on the sealing plate 412 and is sprayed from the airtight passage 64 on the piercing head 62, so as to release the fire extinguishing agent in the fire extinguishing cartridge 63; At the same time, under the action of gas pressure, the pressure relief piston 41 continues to move, and the pressure relief piston 41 no longer blocks the limit relief joint 3. The limit relief pipe 2 is in communication with the limit relief joint 3 at this time. The high-pressure gas enters the pressure relief cylinder 51 through the limit relief joint 3, is mixed with the fire extinguishing agent under the pressure relief of the pressure relief holes 55 on the first pressure relief plate 52, the second pressure relief plate 53 and the third pressure relief plate 54, and is finally sprayed from the port of the limit relief joint 3, so as to realize safe relief.

[0062] The embodiment of the application also discloses an explosion-proof gas cylinder limit pressure detection device.

[0063] Referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 An explosion-proof gas cylinder limit pressure detection device is applied to the explosion-proof gas cylinder limit pressure relief structure and comprises a pressure gauge 8 fixed to the side wall of the limit relief pipe 2 near the pressure side and a pressure table 9 electrically connected with the pressure gauge 8.

[0064] The implementation principle of the explosion-proof gas cylinder limit pressure detection device according to the embodiment of the application is that the pressure gauge 8 monitors the pressure on the pressure side of the limit relief pipe 2 in real time, and the pressure gauge 9 directly displays the pressure, thereby providing the operator with direct and accurate pressure reading, so that the operator can master the pressure state in the hydrogen storage cylinder in real time without triggering the pressure relief mechanism 4, or monitor the system pressure when performing maintenance, thereby playing an important role in safety monitoring and early warning.

[0065] The above are optional embodiments of the application, and do not limit the protection scope of the application, so that: any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, principle of the application should be covered within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. An explosion-proof cylinder limiting pressure relief structure for emergency relief of high-pressure hydrogen gas in a hydrogen storage cylinder, characterized by: The bottle mouth valve (1) is provided with a limit discharge pipe (2), the side wall of the limit discharge pipe (2) is provided with a limit discharge joint (3), the limit discharge pipe (2) is provided with a pressure relief mechanism (4) for automatic pressure relief under limit pressure, and the limit discharge joint (3) is provided with a pressure reduction mechanism (5) for reducing the pressure of the pressure relief mechanism (4); The limit discharge pipe (2) is provided with a pre-fire extinguishing mechanism (6) which communicates with the limit discharge joint (3), and when the pressure relief mechanism (4) discharges, the pre-fire extinguishing mechanism (6) can pre-extinguish the hydrogen gas after the pressure reduction of the pressure reduction mechanism (5).

2. The pressure relief structure of an explosion-proof gas cylinder limit pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure relief mechanism (4) comprises a pressure relief piston (41), a shear pin (42) and a positioning assembly, the pressure relief piston (41) is slidingly and sealingly arranged in the limit discharge pipe (2), the limit discharge pipe (2) and the pressure relief piston (41) are provided with corresponding insertion grooves in the side walls, the shear pin (42) has two ends respectively inserted into the corresponding insertion grooves, and the positioning assembly is provided with two groups of positioning plates (43) and positioning springs (44) corresponding to the two insertion grooves, and the shear pin (42) is centrally arranged in the two insertion grooves.

3. The pressure relief structure of claim 2, wherein: The positioning assembly comprises a positioning plate (43) and a positioning spring (44), the positioning spring (44) is slidingly installed in the insertion groove, one end of the positioning spring (44) is fixed to the end of the positioning plate (43) away from the shear pin (42), and the other end is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the insertion groove.

4. The pressure relief structure of claim 3, wherein: A shear guide groove is formed in the middle of the shear pin (42), and the shear guide groove is centrally arranged at the connection between the pressure relief piston (41) and the limit discharge pipe (2) under the action of the two positioning plates (43).

5. The overpressure relief structure for an explosion-proof gas cylinder according to claim 2, characterized by: The pre-fire extinguishing mechanism (6) comprises a piercing rod (61), a piercing head (62), a fire extinguishing chamber (63) and a self-opening valve assembly, the piercing rod (61) is slidingly inserted into the pressure relief piston (41), and the piercing head (62) is fixed to the end of the piercing rod (61) and located on the back pressure side. A limiting groove (411) is formed in the end of the pressure relief piston (41) near the pressure side, a sealing plate (412) is integrally arranged on the end of the piercing rod (61) and matched with the limiting groove (411), and the sealing plate (412) is slidingly sealed with the limiting groove (411). The sealing plate (412), the piercing rod (61) and the piercing head (62) are all provided with an airtight channel (64) in communication, one end of the airtight channel (64) penetrates the end face of the sealing plate (412) close to the bottom of the limiting groove (411), and the other end penetrates the end of the piercing head (62). The fire extinguishing bin (63) is provided with a fire extinguishing agent, and a piercing hole (631) is formed in the end of the fire extinguishing bin (63) close to the piercing head (62), and a metal film (632) is sealed on the piercing hole (631), an outlet is formed in the side wall of the fire extinguishing bin (63), a self-opening valve assembly is arranged on the outlet, and a fire extinguishing channel is communicated between the limit relief pipe (2) and the limit relief joint (3), and the outlet is communicated with one end of the fire extinguishing channel.

6. The overpressure relief structure for an explosion-proof gas cylinder according to claim 5, characterized by: The self-opening valve assembly comprises a valve pipe (65), a valve shaft (66) and a valve plate (67), the valve pipe (65) is fixed on the outlet of the fire extinguishing bin (63), the valve shaft (66) is rotatably arranged in the inner cavity of the valve pipe (65), and the valve plate (67) is fixedly arranged on the valve shaft (66); a reset torsional spring (68) is further arranged on the valve shaft (66), and the valve plate (67) is opened by overcoming the torsional force of the reset torsional spring (68) when the air pressure in the fire extinguishing bin (63) increases.

7. The pressure relief structure for an explosion-proof gas cylinder according to claim 5, wherein: The end of the piercing rod (61) away from the sealing plate (412) is slidingly provided with a buffer seat (611) and a buffer spring (612), one end of the buffer spring (612) is fixedly connected with the buffer seat (611), the other end is fixedly connected with the pressure relief piston (41), the piercing head (62) is retracted into the buffer seat (611) when the buffer spring (612) is not subjected to external force, and the piercing head (62) is extended out of the buffer seat (611) and separates the sealing plate (412) from the bottom wall of the limiting groove (411) when the buffer seat (611) abuts against the piercing hole (631).

8. The overpressure relief structure for an explosion-proof gas cylinder according to claim 5, characterized by: The pressure relief mechanism (5) comprises a pressure relief cylinder (51), a first pressure relief plate (52), a second pressure relief plate (53) and a third pressure relief plate (54), a plurality of pressure relief holes (55) are formed in the first pressure relief plate (52), the second pressure relief plate (53) and the third pressure relief plate (54), the diameters of the pressure relief holes (55) in the first pressure relief plate (52), the second pressure relief plate (53) and the third pressure relief plate (54) gradually increase, the pressure relief cylinder (51) is fixed in the inner cavity of the limit relief joint (3), the first pressure relief plate (52), the second pressure relief plate (53) and the third pressure relief plate (54) are sequentially fixed in the pressure relief cylinder (51), and the first pressure relief plate (52) is located close to the connection between the limit relief pipe (2) and the limit relief joint (3).

9. The overpressure relief structure for an explosion-proof gas cylinder according to claim 8, characterized by: The limit relief joint (3) and the limit relief pipe (2) are provided with flanges (7) at the ends, and the flanges (7) fix the pressure relief cylinder (51) and the fire extinguishing bin (63) in the corresponding inner cavities.

10. A kind of explosion-proof gas cylinder limit pressure detection device, applied to the limit pressure relief structure of any one of claims 1-9 of a kind of explosion-proof gas cylinder, it is characterized in being: A pressure gauge (8) is fixed on the side wall of the limit relief pipe (2) close to the pressure side, and a pressure meter (9) is electrically connected with the pressure gauge (8).

Images