Semi-continuous mining system and process for open-pit coal mine material diversion and differential crushing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of open coal mine material diversion, different crushing's semi-continuous mining system and process, belong to open mining process field. Including with to excavate open coal mine working face material's single bucket excavator, single bucket excavator side is equipped with with to be transferred to belt conveyor mining material's self-moving heavy plate conveyor, through single bucket excavator directly to self-moving heavy plate conveyor directly unloading, can carry out intelligent identification to large block coal / rock body, and carry out intelligent crushing and diversion to it, avoid the use of large crusher, improve material transport efficiency;And can automatically separate a small amount of not easy to crush large block coal rock, self-moving heavy plate conveyor can continue to carry out conveying work without stopping. Avoid the problem that similar problems in the prior art require all equipment to stop and wait for crushing, effectively reduce the carbon dioxide emission, safety risk and transportation cost of mining process system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a semi-continuous mining system and process for open-pit coal material diversion and differentiated crushing, belonging to the field of open-pit mining technology. Background Technology

[0002] Open-pit coal mining is essentially a large-scale earthwork extraction, loading, transportation, and disposal process, with the industry's annual total volume exceeding 5 billion cubic meters. Due to the sheer scale of these projects, the most commonly used intermittent mining process using single-bucket excavators and trucks suffers from drawbacks such as high fuel consumption, high CO2 emissions, high traffic density, high safety risks, and high unit transportation costs. The semi-continuous mining process using single-bucket excavators, trucks, semi-fixed crushing plants, and belt conveyors faces challenges such as the periodic relocation of semi-fixed crushing plants and lengthy construction times for unloading platforms, limiting its overall capacity and limiting its application to smaller-scale coal mining operations.

[0003] The semi-continuous mining process using a single-bucket excavator, a self-propelled crushing plant, and a belt conveyor avoids the impact of periodic equipment relocation on production capacity and unloading platform infrastructure issues, potentially allowing for further capacity improvements. However, due to the need for the crushing plant to meet self-propelled requirements and the relatively small size of the crushing equipment, the overall capacity has not been effectively enhanced. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a semi-continuous mining system and process for open-pit coal mine material diversion and differentiated crushing. This system effectively improves the intelligence and efficiency of open-pit mining operations while reducing carbon dioxide emissions and transportation costs. Through automated operation via multiple modules, large pieces of coal (approximately 0.01%) are removed from the material flow. After removal, the semi-continuous process proceeds smoothly, and the overall efficiency is no longer affected by large pieces of coal or the crushing process, preventing work stoppages and impacting material transport efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, a semi-continuous mining system for open-pit coal mine material diversion and differentiated crushing is provided, including a single-bucket excavator for mining materials in the open-pit mine working face, and a self-propelled heavy plate conveyor for transferring the mined materials to a belt conveyor on the side of the single-bucket excavator. The belt conveyor and the single-bucket excavator work parallel to each other and in opposite directions.

[0006] The self-propelled heavy-duty conveyor includes a conveyor body for transporting incoming materials. The head of the conveyor body has a receiving hopper for receiving the incoming materials. The conveyor body is composed of pallets located below the receiving hopper. Along the material conveying direction, the conveyor body has a vibration device under the pallets to shake off large pieces of coal / rock covering the surface of the incoming materials. Along the conveying direction, the conveyor body has a crushing module, an ultrasonic verification module, and a material diversion module. Above the crushing module is a large coal / rock identification module. At the bottom of the conveyor body, at the front and rear positions, are two independently movable tracked bases that can support the conveyor. These tracked bases can move with the single-bucket excavator via tracks. The base closer to the receiving hopper is called base Q, and the base closer to the belt conveyor is called base P. At the large coal / rock identification module, the upper part of the conveyor body has two tilted high-definition cameras, A and B, used to determine the position and size of large coal / rock pieces.

[0007] The heavy plate conveyor is equipped with baffles on both sides of its body to prevent the transported materials from spilling.

[0008] The material diversion module includes a chute parallel to the left side of the heavy-duty conveyor body. An opening is provided between the chute inlet and the left-side baffle of the heavy-duty conveyor body. A movable baffle, which can be laid down or erected, is installed in the opening. When the movable baffle is erected, transported materials cannot enter the chute; when the movable baffle is laid down, materials in the heavy-duty conveyor body can communicate with the chute. The right-side baffle of the heavy-duty conveyor body, located opposite the chute inlet, is equipped with a material diversion device that can swing horizontally to change the direction of material transported by the heavy-duty conveyor body. The material diversion device includes one end connected to the right-side baffle... The diversion baffle is connected to the plate shaft. The diversion baffle is connected to a hydraulic cylinder that controls its rotation or close contact with the right baffle. The hydraulic cylinder is connected to a control console. When the hydraulic cylinder extends and lifts the diversion baffle to its maximum position, it cuts off the straight passage of the heavy plate conveyor body. The movable baffle lies down, and the material on the heavy plate conveyor body is diverted to the chute for output. High-definition cameras C and D are respectively installed on the front and rear sides above the diversion module. High-definition camera C is set at the material receiving end of the material diversion module, and high-definition camera D is set at the material discharging end of the material diversion module.

[0009] High-definition camera C is used to observe and record the movement of large coal / rock blocks and whether they move smoothly toward the chute.

[0010] High-definition camera D is used to determine whether there are large pieces of coal / rock on the body of the heavy plate conveyor and to determine the position of the large pieces of coal / rock on the body of the heavy plate conveyor. When the large pieces of coal / rock move to the vicinity of the diversion baffle, the diversion baffle is controlled to push the large pieces of coal / rock into the chute for discharge.

[0011] Furthermore, the upper part of the Q base is the receiving hopper, and the upper part of the P base is the material diversion module; the crushing module is a pneumatic breaker.

[0012] Furthermore, the large coal / rock mass identification module uses two high-definition cameras, A and B, tilted above the heavy-duty conveyor to capture images. By processing the real-time video footage using a target detection algorithm, the module defines the large coal / rock mass based on its size and determines its location. The length × width × height of the large coal / rock mass is l × w × hm. At least one of l, w, and h of the large coal / rock mass exceeds 0.4 times the bandwidth of the heavy-duty conveyor. When w and h are both less than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass is determined to be elongated; when h is less than or equal to 0.3l, it is determined to be plate-shaped; and when h is greater than or equal to 0.3l, it is determined to be block-shaped.

[0013] Furthermore, the ultrasonic verification module includes a transmitting probe and a receiving probe installed on the outer side of the baffles on both sides of the conveyor body. The transmitting probe and the receiving probe use the diffraction time difference method to detect whether there are large pieces of coal / rock at the current location. The scanning signal results obtained by the receiving probe determine the distribution of boulders in the conveyed material and verify the real-time video recognition results obtained by high-definition camera A and high-definition camera B.

[0014] A semi-continuous mining process using an open-pit coal mine material diversion and differentiated crushing system comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. A single-bucket excavator extracts materials from an open-pit mine and unloads them into the receiving hopper of a self-propelled heavy plate conveyor.

[0016] S2. The collected material falls from the receiving hopper onto the pallet, and is transported by the pallet. During the transportation process, the material is sequentially transported through a vibration device, a large coal / rock mass identification module, a crushing module, an ultrasonic verification module, and a material diversion module. When the large coal / rock mass identification module detects large coal / rock masses at its current location, the crushing module is activated to crush the large coal / rock masses.

[0017] S3. When a large piece of coal / rock is detected at the current location of the large coal / rock body identification module in the transported material, the module further identifies the shape of the large coal / rock body. If the large coal / rock body is determined to be elongated, the pneumatic breaker of the crushing module is activated for crushing. If the shape of the large coal / rock body is identified as plate-shaped or block-shaped, the pneumatic breaker cannot crush it, and the crushing module is not activated. The transported material carrying the crushed or plate-shaped and block-shaped large coal / rock bodies is moved to the ultrasonic verification module. The structure of the large coal / rock body is scanned using the time-of-flight method, and the distribution of rocks in the transported material is determined again to determine whether large coal / rock bodies exist. The real-time video recognition results are verified.

[0018] S4. When the ultrasonic verification module determines that large pieces of coal / rock mixed in with the single-signature transported material are being crushed, the transported material is transferred to a belt conveyor to flow to the ground production system or the internal spoil heap. When the ultrasonic verification module determines that there are potentially crushed plate-shaped and block-shaped large pieces of coal / rock in the current transported material, the time for the large pieces of coal / rock to reach the material diversion module is determined based on the belt speed. When the large pieces of coal / rock reach the material diversion module, the movable baffle falls to the outside of the heavy plate conveyor in a timely manner, and the diversion baffle is pushed out by a hydraulic cylinder. After being pushed out, the diversion baffle is at a 45° angle to the material transport direction. The high-definition camera C in front of the diversion baffle is activated to monitor the movement of the large pieces of coal / rock, ensuring that no large pieces of coal / rock are missed. After the plate-shaped and block-shaped large pieces of coal / rock pass the fallen movable baffle, they flow along the chute. After falling to the ground near base P, the material is crushed by a high-power crushing device and then reloaded into the receiving hopper. Once the large, plate-shaped and blocky coal / rock masses are discharged, the hydraulic cylinder retracts and the diversion baffle retracts, the movable baffle rises, and the transported material continues to move along the transmission direction of the heavy-duty conveyor. The high-definition camera D behind the diversion baffle activates to reconfirm that the large coal / rock masses have been diverted, ensuring that no large coal / rock masses enter the belt conveyor. This ensures continuous, uninterrupted transport of the material. Furthermore, when using a high-power crushing device to crush large coal / rock masses, the load-bearing capacity of the transport equipment does not need to be considered, effectively preventing damage to the transport equipment. This ensures uninterrupted transport by the self-propelled heavy-duty conveyor and guarantees that all forms of large coal / rock masses during the mining process are crushed and do not enter the belt conveyor.

[0019] Furthermore, the vibration device is a spring-driven electric vibration table used to shake small materials off large coal / rock masses, thereby ensuring that the edges of large coal / rock masses are not covered, thus improving the accuracy of the large coal / rock mass identification module.

[0020] Beneficial effects:

[0021] 1) The operation mode of directly unloading material from a single-bucket excavator to a self-propelled heavy plate conveyor avoids the waiting time for truck entry and replacement in the previous intermittent mining process and semi-continuous process of single-bucket-truck, thus improving the efficiency of the process system in the mining and loading stage.

[0022] 2) Large coal / rock blocks are intelligently identified using target recognition algorithms and ultrasonic monitoring technology, and are then intelligently crushed and diverted. This avoids integrating large crushers into transportation equipment, reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs, and improving material transportation efficiency. It can automatically separate small amounts of large, difficult-to-crush coal and rock blocks for crushing with more powerful equipment or for direct landfill. Meanwhile, the self-propelled heavy plate conveyor can continue to transport materials without stopping, avoiding the problem in existing technologies where all equipment needs to be stopped to wait for crushing.

[0023] 3) The use of electrically driven belt conveyors to replace diesel-driven trucks in the material transportation process effectively reduces carbon dioxide emissions, safety risks and transportation costs of the mining process system. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the semi-continuous mining system for open-pit coal material diversion and differentiated crushing according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the semi-continuous mining system for separating and crushing open-pit coal materials according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of the unloading operation of the single-bucket excavator to the self-propelled heavy plate conveyor of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3(b) is a schematic diagram of the process for identifying the location and size of large coal / rock masses according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3(c) is a schematic diagram of the bulk coal / rock mass diversion in this invention;

[0029] Figure 3(d) is a schematic diagram of the large coal / rock mass diversion after the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3(e) is a schematic diagram of the system operation after the large coal / rock mass diversion of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the operation of the ultrasonic verification module of the present invention;

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Single-bucket excavator; 2. Material; 3. Self-propelled heavy-duty conveyor; 3-1. Receiving hopper; 3-2. Pallet; 3-3. Vibration device; 3-4. Large coal / rock mass identification module; 3-5. Crushing module; 3-5-1. Pneumatic breaker; 3-6. Ultrasonic verification module; 3-6-1. Receiving probe; 3-6-2. Transmitting probe; 3-7. Material diversion module; 3-7-1. Chute; 3-7-2. Diversion baffle; 3-7-3. Movable baffle; 3-7-4. Control console; 3-7-5. Hydraulic cylinder; 3-8. Tracked base; 3-8-1. Q base; 3-8-2. P base; 4. Belt conveyor; 5. Large coal / rock mass. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, a semi-continuous mining system for open-pit coal mine material diversion and differentiated crushing includes a single-bucket excavator 1 for mining material 2 in the open-pit mine working face, and a self-propelled heavy plate conveyor 3 for transferring the mined material to a belt conveyor 4 on the side of the single-bucket excavator 1. The belt conveyor 4 is parallel to the working route of the single-bucket excavator 1 and the conveying direction is opposite.

[0035] The self-propelled heavy plate conveyor 3 includes a conveyor body for transporting incoming materials. The head of the conveyor body is equipped with a receiving hopper 3-1 to receive the incoming materials. The conveyor body is composed of pallets 3-2 located below the receiving hopper 3-1. Along the material conveying direction, the conveyor body has a vibrating device 3-3 at the bottom of the pallets 3-2 to shake off large pieces of coal / rock 5 covering the surface of the incoming materials. Along the conveying direction, the conveyor body is sequentially equipped with a crushing module 3-5, an ultrasonic verification module 3-6, and a material diversion module 3-7; wherein the crushing module 3-5... Above the large coal / rock mass identification module 3-4 is provided; at the bottom of the front and rear positions of the heavy plate conveyor, there are two tracked bases 3-8 that can support and move independently. The tracked bases 3-8 can move with the single bucket excavator 1 through the tracks set at the bottom; the one set near the receiving hopper 3-1 is the Q base 3-8-1, and the one set near the belt conveyor 4 is the P base 3-8-2; at the large coal / rock mass identification module 3-4, there are two high-definition cameras A and B set at an angle to determine the position and size of the large coal / rock mass 5;

[0036] The heavy plate conveyor is equipped with baffles on both sides of its body to prevent the transported materials from spilling.

[0037] As shown in Figures 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c), the material diversion module 3-7 includes a chute 3-7-1 parallel to the left side of the heavy-duty conveyor body. An opening is provided between the inlet of the chute 3-7-1 and the left side baffle of the heavy-duty conveyor body. A movable baffle 3-7-3, which can be laid down or erected, is installed in the opening. When the movable baffle 3-7-3 is erected, transported materials cannot enter the chute 3-7-1. When the movable baffle 3-7-3 is laid down, materials in the heavy-duty conveyor body can communicate with the chute 3-7-1. The right side baffle of the heavy-duty conveyor body, located opposite the inlet of the chute 3-7-1, is equipped with a material diversion device that can swing horizontally to change the direction of material transported by the heavy-duty conveyor body. The material diversion device includes a… A diversion baffle 3-7-2 is connected to the right side baffle shaft. The diversion baffle 3-7-2 is connected to a hydraulic cylinder 3-7-5 that controls its rotation or close contact with the right side baffle. The hydraulic cylinder 3-7-5 is connected to a control console 3-7-4. When the hydraulic cylinder 3-7-5 extends and lifts the diversion baffle 3-7-2 to its maximum position, the straight passage of the heavy plate conveyor body is cut off, and the movable baffle 3-7-3 lies down. At this time, the material on the heavy plate conveyor body is diverted to the chute 3-7-1 for output. High-definition cameras C and D are respectively installed on the front and rear sides above the diversion module 3-7. High-definition camera C is set at the material receiving end of the material diversion module 3-7, and high-definition camera D is set at the material discharging end of the material diversion module 3-7.

[0038] High-definition camera C is used to observe and record the movement of large coal / rock blocks and whether the large blocks move smoothly to chute 3-7-1.

[0039] The high-definition camera D is used to determine whether there are large pieces of coal / rock on the body of the heavy plate conveyor and to determine the position of the large pieces of coal / rock on the body of the heavy plate conveyor. When the large pieces of coal / rock move to the vicinity of the diversion baffle 3-7-2, the diversion baffle 3-7-2 is controlled to push the large pieces of coal / rock into the chute 3-7-1 for discharge.

[0040] The upper part of Q base 3-8-1 is the receiving hopper 3-1, the upper part of P base 3-8-2 is the material diversion module 3-7; the crushing module 3-5 is a pneumatic breaker hammer.

[0041] The large coal / rock mass identification module 3-4 uses two high-definition cameras, A and B, tilted above the heavy-duty conveyor to capture images. Through target detection algorithms, the real-time video is processed to define the large coal / rock mass 5 based on its size and determine its location. The length × width × height of the large coal / rock mass 5 is l × w × hm. At least one of l, w, and h of the large coal / rock mass 5 exceeds 0.4 times the bandwidth of the heavy-duty conveyor. When w and h are both less than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass 5 is determined to be elongated; when h is less than or equal to 0.3l, it is determined to be plate-shaped; and when h is greater than or equal to 0.3l, it is determined to be block-shaped.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the ultrasonic verification module 3-6 includes a transmitting probe 3-6-2 and a receiving probe 3-6-1 installed on the outer side of the baffles on both sides of the conveyor body. The transmitting probe 3-6-2 and the receiving probe 3-6-1 detect whether there are large pieces of coal / rock 5 at the current position by using the diffraction time difference method. The distribution of boulders in the conveyed material is determined by the scanning signal results obtained by the receiving probe 3-6-1. The real-time video recognition results obtained by the high-definition camera A and the high-definition camera B are verified.

[0043] As shown in Figures 3(d) and 3(e), a semi-continuous mining process for open-pit coal mine material diversion and differentiated crushing has the following operational steps:

[0044] Step 1: The single-bucket excavator extracts the material and unloads it into the receiving hopper of the self-propelled heavy plate conveyor;

[0045] Step 2: The lower part of the receiving hopper is the pallet of the heavy plate conveyor, which transports materials through the pallet. During the transportation process, the heavy plate conveyor is arranged with a vibration module, a large coal / rock identification module, a crushing module, an ultrasonic verification module, and a material diversion module in sequence.

[0046] Step 3: After large pieces of coal / rock mixed in with the material are crushed or diverted, the material is transferred to a belt conveyor and flows to the ground production system (or internal spoil disposal site).

[0047] Furthermore, the heavy plate conveyor is supported and moved by two tracked bases. The upper part of base Q is the receiving hopper, and the upper part of base P is the chute, diversion baffle, movable baffle, and control console.

[0048] Furthermore, at the vibration module, the lower part of the pallet of the heavy plate conveyor is connected to the electric vibration table, which is used to shake off the small particles attached to the upper part of the large coal / rock mass, exposing the edges of the large coal / rock mass.

[0049] Furthermore, at the large coal / rock mass identification module, there are two high-definition cameras, A and B, on the upper part of the heavy plate conveyor, which are tilted to shoot. By processing the real-time video with target detection algorithms, the location and size of the large coal / rock mass are determined.

[0050] Furthermore, the length × width × height of the large coal / rock mass is l × w × hm; among which, at least one of l, w, and h of the large coal / rock mass exceeds 0.4 times the bandwidth of the heavy plate conveyor; when w and h are both less than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass is determined to be elongated; when h is less than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass is determined to be plate-shaped; when h is greater than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass is determined to be block-shaped.

[0051] Furthermore, when the large coal / rock mass is in the shape of long strips, it is crushed by the five pairs of pneumatic breaker hammers of the crushing module; when the large coal / rock mass is in the shape of plates and blocks, the material and the large coal / rock mass enter the ultrasonic verification module.

[0052] Furthermore, in the ultrasonic verification module, the ultrasonic longitudinal wave angle probe is arranged on the outside of the baffle of the heavy plate conveyor. One side of the material running direction is the receiving probe and the other side is the transmitting probe. The detection method used is the diffraction time difference method. The distribution of stones in the material is determined by the scanning signal results obtained by the receiving probe, and the real-time video recognition results are verified.

[0053] Furthermore, when it is determined that there are large pieces of coal / rock in the material, the time for the large pieces of coal / rock to reach the material diversion module is determined according to the belt speed; when the large pieces of coal / rock reach the material diversion module, the movable baffle falls to the outside of the heavy plate conveyor, and the diversion baffle is pushed out by the hydraulic cylinder. After being pushed out, the diversion baffle is at a 45° angle to the material transport direction; the high-definition camera C in front of the diversion baffle is activated to monitor the movement of the large pieces of coal / rock.

[0054] Furthermore, after the large coal / rock mass passes the fallen movable baffle, it falls along the chute to the ground near the P base, where it is processed separately by the tracked breaker and then reloaded into the receiving hopper. After the large rock mass lands, the diversion baffle retracts, the movable baffle stands up, and the material moves along the transmission direction of the heavy plate conveyor. The high-definition camera D behind the diversion baffle is activated to confirm again that the large coal / rock mass has been diverted.

Claims

1. A semi-continuous mining system for open-pit coal mine material diversion and differentiated crushing, characterized in that: Includes a single-bucket excavator (1) for mining materials (2) in the open-pit mine working face, and a self-propelled heavy plate conveyor (3) for transferring the mined materials to the belt conveyor (4) on the side of the single-bucket excavator (1). The belt conveyor (4) is parallel to the working route of the single-bucket excavator (1) and the conveying direction is opposite. The self-propelled heavy plate conveyor (3) includes a heavy plate conveyor body for transporting incoming materials. The head of the heavy plate conveyor body is equipped with a receiving hopper (3-1) for receiving incoming materials. The heavy plate conveyor body is composed of pallets (3-2) located below the receiving hopper (3-1). The heavy plate conveyor has a vibrating device (3-3) at the bottom of the pallets (3-2) to shake off large pieces of coal / rock (5) covering the surface of the incoming materials, according to the material conveying direction. The heavy plate conveyor body is sequentially equipped with a crushing module (3-5), an ultrasonic verification module (3-6), and a material diversion module (3-7) along the transmission direction. The crushing module (3-5) is further equipped with these components. 5) A large coal / rock mass identification module (3-4) is provided above; two tracked bases (3-8) are provided at the bottom of the front and rear positions of the heavy plate conveyor, which can support and move independently. The tracked bases (3-8) can move with the single bucket excavator (1) through the tracks set at the bottom; the base Q (3-8-1) is set near the receiving bucket (3-1), and the base P (3-8-2) is set near the belt conveyor (4); the upper part of the heavy plate conveyor body at the large coal / rock mass identification module (3-4) is equipped with a high-definition camera A and a high-definition camera B that are tilted to determine the position and size of the large coal / rock mass (5); The heavy plate conveyor is equipped with baffles on both sides of its body to prevent the transported materials from spilling. The material diversion module (3-7) includes a chute (3-7-1) arranged parallel to the left side of the heavy plate conveyor body. An opening is provided between the inlet of the chute (3-7-1) and the left side baffle of the heavy plate conveyor body. A movable baffle (3-7-3) that can be laid down or erected is installed in the opening. When the movable baffle (3-7-3) is erected, transported materials cannot enter the chute (3-7-1). When the movable baffle (3-7-3) is laid down, materials in the heavy plate conveyor body can communicate with the chute (3-7-1). The right side baffle of the heavy plate conveyor body, located opposite the inlet of the chute (3-7-1), is equipped with a material diversion device that can swing horizontally to change the direction of material transported by the heavy plate conveyor body. The material diversion device includes a diversion device with one end connected to the rotating shaft of the right side baffle. The baffle (3-7-2) is connected to a hydraulic cylinder (3-7-5) that controls its rotation or close contact with the right baffle. The hydraulic cylinder (3-7-5) is connected to a control console (3-7-4). When the hydraulic cylinder (3-7-5) extends and lifts the baffle (3-7-2) to its maximum position, it cuts off the straight passage of the heavy plate conveyor body, and the movable baffle (3-7-3) lies down. At this time, the material on the heavy plate conveyor body is diverted to the chute (3-7-1) for output. High-definition cameras C and D are respectively installed on the front and rear sides above the diversion module (3-7). High-definition camera C is set at the material receiving end of the material diversion module (3-7), and high-definition camera D is set at the material discharge end of the material diversion module (3-7). High-definition camera C is used to observe and record the movement of large coal / rock blocks and whether they move smoothly to the chute (3-7-1); High-definition camera D is used to determine whether there are large pieces of coal / rock on the body of the heavy plate conveyor and to determine the position of the large pieces of coal / rock on the body of the heavy plate conveyor. When the large pieces of coal / rock move to the vicinity of the diversion baffle (3-7-2), the diversion baffle (3-7-2) is controlled to push the large pieces of coal / rock into the chute (3-7-1) for discharge.

2. The semi-continuous open-pit coal mining system for material diversion and differentiated crushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the Q base (3-8-1) is the receiving hopper (3-1), the upper part of the P base (3-8-2) is the material diversion module (3-7); the crushing module (3-5) is a pneumatic crusher.

3. The semi-continuous open-pit coal mining system for material diversion and differentiated crushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large coal / rock mass identification module (3-4) uses two high-definition cameras, A and B, which are tilted above the heavy-duty conveyor to capture images. By processing the real-time video with a target detection algorithm, the large coal / rock mass (5) is defined according to its size and its position is determined. The length × width × height of the large coal / rock mass (5) is l × w × h, in meters. At least one of l, w, and h of the large coal / rock mass (5) is greater than 0.4 times the bandwidth of the heavy-duty conveyor. When w and h are both less than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass (5) is determined to be elongated. When h is less than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass (5) is determined to be plate-shaped. When h is greater than or equal to 0.3l, the large coal / rock mass (5) is determined to be block-shaped.

4. The semi-continuous open-pit coal mining system for material diversion and differentiated crushing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic verification module (3-6) includes a transmitting probe (3-6-2) and a receiving probe (3-6-1) installed on the outer side of the baffles on both sides of the conveyor body. The transmitting probe (3-6-2) and the receiving probe (3-6-1) use the diffraction time difference method to detect whether there are large pieces of coal / rock at the current position (5). The distribution of boulders in the conveyed material is determined by the scanning signal results obtained by the receiving probe (3-6-1), and the real-time video recognition results obtained by the high-definition camera A and the high-definition camera B are verified.

5. A mining process using the semi-continuous mining system for open-pit coal material diversion and differentiated crushing as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The steps are as follows: S1. A single-bucket excavator (1) excavates materials (2) from an open-pit mine and unloads them into the receiving hopper (3-1) of a self-propelled heavy plate conveyor (3). S2. The collected material falls from the receiving hopper (3-1) to the pallet (3-2), and is transported by the pallet (3-2). During the transportation process, the material is selected and transported sequentially by the vibration device (3-3), the large coal / rock body identification module (3-4), the crushing module (3-5), the ultrasonic verification module (3-6), and the material diversion module (3-7). When there is a large coal / rock body (5) at the current position of the large coal / rock body identification module (3-4) in the transported material, the crushing module (3-5) is activated to crush the large coal / rock body (5). S3. When there is a large piece of coal / rock (5) in the transported material at the current position of the large piece of coal / rock identification module (3-4), the large piece of coal / rock identification module (3-4) further identifies the shape of the large piece of coal / rock (5). If the large piece of coal / rock (5) is determined to be long and narrow, the pneumatic breaker of the crushing module (3-5) is activated to crush it. When the shape of the large coal / rock mass (5) is identified as plate-shaped or block-shaped, the pneumatic breaker cannot break it, so the crushing module (3-5) is not started; the transport material carrying the crushed or plate-shaped and block-shaped large coal / rock mass (5) is moved to the ultrasonic verification module (3-6); the structure of the large coal / rock mass (5) is scanned by the time-of-flight method, and the distribution of boulders in the transport material is determined again to see if there is a large coal / rock mass (5), and the real-time video recognition results are verified; S4. When the ultrasonic verification module (3-6) determines that the large coal / rock mass (5) mixed in the single-signature transport material is being crushed, the transport material is transferred to the belt conveyor (4) and flows to the ground production system or the internal spoil disposal site; when the ultrasonic verification module (3-6) determines that there are large coal / rock mass (5) in the current transport material that may not be crushed in the form of plates and blocks, the time for the large coal / rock mass (5) to reach the material diversion module (3-7) is determined according to the belt speed; when the large coal / rock mass (5) reaches the material diversion module (3-7) At this time, the movable baffle (3-7-3) falls to the outside of the heavy plate conveyor, and the diversion baffle (3-7-2) is pushed out by the hydraulic cylinder (3-7-5). After being pushed out, the diversion baffle (3-7-2) is at a 45° angle to the material transport direction. The high-definition camera C in front of the diversion baffle (3-7-2) is activated to monitor the movement of large coal / rock (5) and ensure that no large coal / rock (5) is missed. When the plate-shaped and block-shaped large coal / rock (5) passes the fallen movable baffle (3-7-3), the movable baffle (3-7-3) falls to the outside of the heavy plate conveyor. After 3-7-3), the material falls along the chute to the ground near the P base (3-8-2) and is crushed by a high-power crushing device before being reloaded into the receiving hopper (3-1). When the plate-shaped and block-shaped large coal / rock (5) are discharged, the hydraulic cylinder (3-7-5) retracts and retracts the diversion baffle (3-7-2), the movable baffle (3-7-3) is erected, and the transported material continues to move along the transmission direction of the heavy plate conveyor. The high-definition camera D behind the diversion baffle (3-7-2) is activated to reconfirm the large coal / rock ( 5) The flow has been diverted to ensure that no large pieces of coal / rock (5) enter the belt conveyor (4); thus ensuring the continuous and uninterrupted transport of the transported materials. At the same time, when using a high-power crushing device to crush large pieces of coal / rock (5), there is no need to consider the load-bearing capacity of the transport equipment, effectively preventing damage to the transport equipment. This ensures the continuous and uninterrupted transport of the self-propelled heavy plate conveyor (3), and also ensures that all forms of large pieces of coal / rock (5) during the mining process are crushed and will not enter the belt conveyor (4).

6. The mining process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The vibration device (3-3) is a spring-driven electric vibration table used to shake small materials off the large coal / rock mass (5), thereby ensuring that the edges of the large coal / rock mass (5) are not covered, thus improving the accuracy of the large coal / rock mass identification module (3-4).

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