A method for dynamic replacement and collaborative construction of local support body of open-pit mine
By obtaining the engineering geological profile and physical and mechanical parameters of the open-pit mine, the shape of the local retaining structure was determined. The old local retaining structure was removed and a new local retaining structure was built by adopting the dynamic replacement method, which solved the problems of slope instability and high transportation costs, and achieved resource recovery and cost reduction.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LIAONING TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies have failed to effectively coordinate the dismantling of old partial retaining structures with the construction of new partial retaining structures, leading to slope instability or increased transportation costs, and have failed to effectively recover the coal resources covered by the slope.
By obtaining the engineering geological profile, physical and mechanical parameters, and safety reserve coefficient of the open-pit mine, the morphological parameters of the local support structure are determined. The old local support structure is demolished using a dynamic replacement method, and a new local support structure is built. Combined with the rearrangement of the transportation system, the construction process is optimized using FLAC3D numerical simulation software.
This achieved slope stability that meets design specifications, recovered coal resources that were covered by the slope, shortened transportation distances, reduced production costs, and improved economic efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121556481B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of open-pit mining technology, specifically relating to a method for dynamic replacement and coordinated construction of local support structures in open-pit mines. Background Technology
[0002] Local retaining structures between adjacent open-pit mines can not only effectively shorten the internal dumping distance and reduce transportation costs, but also provide support for the internal dumping slope, which is beneficial to slope stability. Patent application CN115422637B discloses a method for determining the location of coordinated dumping development during the removal of intermediate bridges. This method is based on the concept of spatial curved surface area micro-element, the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, and the spatial characteristics during the dynamic removal of intermediate bridges. It simplifies the dumping backing body into a prism, cuts a cross-section at the center of the dumping site, and calculates the increment of the slope support effect of this cross-section. Patent application CN113356852A discloses a method for determining the internal dumping bridge after the mining of steep lower end slopes in open-pit mines. This method establishes a double-ring internal dumping distance and internal dumping bridge haulage distance model, determining the working line length, reasonable service height of the intermediate bridge, bridge deck width, and bridge relocation layout. Patent application CN110984991B discloses a method for relocating intermediate bridges in open-pit mines. This method provides a secondary tower bridge and bridge dismantling tracking operation method. Patent CN119664348A discloses a method for rapid dismantling of intermediate bridges and recovery of coal embankments based on throwing blasting. This method uses throwing blasting to break up and throw materials in the bridge dismantling area to recover the coal resources covering the bridge.
[0003] These patents all focus on the construction and dismantling of partial retaining structures in open-pit mines, without considering the coordinated construction of old and new partial retaining structures. This leads to slope instability or increased haulage distances during the dismantling of old retaining structures. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a method for the dynamic replacement and coordinated construction of partial retaining structures in open-pit mines to avoid landslide disasters and reduce transportation costs. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application proposes a method for dynamic replacement and coordinated construction of local support structures in open-pit mines, comprising:
[0005] Step S1: Select the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap based on the current status of open-pit mining, and number the engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heap respectively;
[0006] Step S2: Obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock mass;
[0007] Step S3: Based on the open-pit mining design, obtain the mining parameters for the horizontal working face and the parameters for the internal spoil disposal site;
[0008] Step S4: Determine the slope safety reserve coefficient based on the slope service life and the "Code for Design of Open-pit Coal Mines";
[0009] Step S5: Determine the morphological parameters of the local retaining structure based on the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap, the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock, and the slope safety reserve coefficient.
[0010] Step S6: Based on the mining parameters of the horizontal mining slab, the disposal parameters of the internal spoil heap, and the morphological parameters of the local retaining structures, carry out coordinated construction of dynamic replacement of local retaining structures, including: dynamic demolition of old local retaining structures and dynamic establishment of new local retaining structures.
[0011] Step S7: During the period of dynamic dismantling of the old local support structure and dynamic establishment of the new local support structure, the transportation system is rearranged according to the principle of transportation system layout.
[0012] The morphological parameters of the local support include: the cross-sectional shape of the local support and the spatial shape of the local support.
[0013] The determination of local retaining structure morphology parameters based on the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap, the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock, and the slope safety reserve coefficient includes:
[0014] For all selected engineering geological profiles of internal spoil heaps, calculate the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heaps without local support.
[0015] The profile with the smallest slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap without local support was selected as the object to determine the cross-sectional shape of the local support body.
[0016] Based on the cross-sectional shape of the local retaining structure, the inner spoil heap is fully supported to obtain the slope stability coefficient of the inner spoil heap under the fully supported state.
[0017] Draw a diagram showing the relationship between the spatial morphology of the local retaining structure and the stability coefficient of the slope of the internal spoil heap under the local retaining condition;
[0018] Based on the relationship diagram, find the spatial form of the local retaining body that corresponds to the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap under the local retaining state meeting the slope safety reserve coefficient requirement.
[0019] The method of dynamically replacing and coordinating the construction of local retaining structures based on the mining parameters of the horizontal mining embankment, the disposal parameters of the internal spoil heap, and the morphological parameters of the local retaining structures includes:
[0020] Local support engineering is carried out based on the determined local support morphology parameters;
[0021] Based on the mining parameters of the horizontal mining working face, the old local support body is horizontally mined to recover the coal resources covered by the old local support body;
[0022] Based on the local support works, and according to the disposal parameters of the internal spoil disposal site, the internal spoil disposal work will continue to be carried out in conjunction with the horizontal mining of the old local support works.
[0023] Numerical simulation was performed using FLAC3D software to determine the tracking distance of the internal spoil heap. Based on the spoil heap disposal parameters, a new local retaining structure was dynamically established by tracking the internal spoil heap.
[0024] Beneficial effects:
[0025] This invention proposes a dynamic replacement and collaborative construction method for local support structures in open-pit mines. This method can simultaneously dismantle old local support structures and construct new ones, enabling the recovery of coal resources under the old local support structures by connecting adjacent mining areas. It can also expand the volume of the internal spoil heap, improve slope stability, and establish a transportation route between the mining area and the spoil heap by constructing new local support structures, thereby shortening transportation distances, reducing production costs, and resulting in significant economic benefits.
[0026] The method proposed in this invention can ensure that the slope stability coefficient meets the requirements of design specifications and slope safety during the removal of old partial retaining structures and the construction of new partial retaining structures. The method is simple and easy to implement on site. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for dynamic replacement and coordinated construction of local support structures in an open-pit mine, as described in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] Figure 2 This is a plan view showing the location of the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap in this embodiment of the invention;
[0029] Figure 3 This is a geological profile of the internal spoil heap NP1 in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0030] Figure 4 This is a geological profile of the internal spoil heap NP2 in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0031] Figure 5 This is a geological profile of the internal spoil heap NP3 in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the shear dilatation failure and morphology of a local support in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0033] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the sliding failure and morphology of a partial support assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0034] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the spatial morphology of the partial retaining structure and the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap under partial retaining conditions in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0035] Figure 9 This is a plan view of the initial engineering location for the dynamic dismantling and construction of partial retaining structures in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0036] Figure 10 This is a plan view of the location of the partial retaining works of the internal spoil heap in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0037] Figure 11 This is a mid-term engineering location plan of the dynamic dismantling and construction of partial retaining structures in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0038] Figure 12 This is a plan view of the completed project location after the dynamic dismantling and construction of partial retaining structures in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0039] Figure 13 This is a plan view of the existing transportation system layout in the open-pit mine area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0040] Figure 14 This is a plan view of the transportation system layout for the dynamic dismantling of partial retaining structures and the establishment of the initial engineering location in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0041] Figure 15 This is a plan view of the transportation system layout for the dynamic dismantling and establishment of partial retaining structures in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0042] Figure 16 This is a plan view of the transportation system layout after the dynamic dismantling and construction of partial retaining structures in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0043] The specific implementation methods of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0044] Example 1:
[0045] This embodiment proposes a method for dynamic replacement and coordinated construction of local support structures in open-pit mines, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes:
[0046] Step S1: Select the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap based on the current status of open-pit mining, and number the engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heap respectively;
[0047] In this embodiment, an engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap is selected based on the current status of open-pit mining, and the engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heap are numbered NP1, NP2, ... NP n Based on the current status of open-pit mining, three typical engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heap were selected, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heap are numbered NP1, NP2, and NP3, respectively. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown.
[0048] Step S2: Obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock mass;
[0049] In this embodiment, based on previous geological exploration and physical and mechanical tests of soil and rock, the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock are obtained as shown in Table 1.
[0050] Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of soil and rock
[0051]
[0052] Step S3: Based on the open-pit mining design, obtain the mining parameters for the horizontal working face and the parameters for the internal spoil disposal site;
[0053] In this embodiment, the mining parameters for the horizontal working face and the internal spoil heap are determined according to the open-pit mining design, as shown in Table 2.
[0054] Table 2 Open-pit mining parameters
[0055]
[0056] Step S4: Determine the slope safety reserve coefficient based on the slope service life and the "Code for Design of Open-pit Coal Mines";
[0057] In this embodiment, the safety reserve coefficient K of the internal spoil heap slope is determined based on the slope service life and the "Code for Design of Open-pit Coal Mines" (GB50197-2015). a It is 1.2.
[0058] Step S5: Determine the morphological parameters of the local retaining structure based on the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap, the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock, and the slope safety reserve coefficient.
[0059] In this embodiment, the morphological parameters of the local support include: the cross-sectional shape of the local support and the spatial shape of the local support.
[0060] The determination of local retaining structure morphology parameters based on the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap, the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock, and the slope safety reserve coefficient includes:
[0061] Step S5.1: For all selected engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heaps, calculate the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heaps without local support.
[0062] In this embodiment, for all the engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heaps, numbered NP1, NP2 and NP3 respectively, the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heaps under the condition of no local support is calculated for each of the three engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heaps, and the slope stability coefficients of the internal spoil heaps under the condition of no local support are sorted in descending order.
[0063] Step S5.2: Select the profile with the smallest slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap without local support as the object, and determine the cross-sectional shape of the local support body;
[0064] In this embodiment, the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap under three unsupported conditions is selected as the smallest, and the corresponding profile is taken as the research object. In this embodiment, the internal spoil heap profile NP3 has the smallest slope stability coefficient under unsupported conditions. Therefore, the internal spoil heap profile NP3 is taken as the research object. Based on the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope rock and soil and the internal spoil heap profile NP3, the cross-sectional shape of the local support body is determined, such as... Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown.
[0065] Step S5.3: Based on the cross-sectional shape of the local retaining structure, the inner spoil heap is fully supported to obtain the slope stability coefficient of the inner spoil heap under the fully supported state.
[0066] In this embodiment, based on the cross-sectional shape of the local retaining structure (the cross-sectional shape retaining height is up to +795m level), when all the east-west retaining structures are up to +795m level, the slope stability coefficient of the inner spoil heap is calculated to be Fs=1.314 under the condition of all retaining structures.
[0067] Step S5.4: Draw a diagram showing the relationship between the spatial morphology of the local retaining structure and the stability coefficient of the slope of the internal spoil heap under the local retaining condition;
[0068] In this embodiment, the spatial shape of the local retaining structure (i.e., the length of the local retaining structure) is used as the abscissa, and the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap under the local retaining condition is used as the ordinate to draw a diagram showing the relationship between the two, as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the relationship diagram is existing technology and will not be described in detail in this application.
[0069] Step S5.5: Based on the relationship diagram, find the spatial form of the local retaining body that corresponds to the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap under the local retaining state meeting the slope safety reserve coefficient requirement.
[0070] In this embodiment, according to the relationship diagram, the spatial form of the partial retaining (i.e., the length of the partial retaining) is 270m. The corresponding slope stability coefficient Fs of the inner spoil heap under the partial retaining state is 1.20, which just meets the requirement of slope safety reserve coefficient of 1.2. Therefore, the spatial form of the partial retaining body is 270m, which is the most suitable parameter.
[0071] Step S6: Based on the mining parameters of the transverse mining slab, the disposal parameters of the internal spoil heap, and the morphological parameters of the local retaining structures, conduct dynamic replacement and coordinated construction of the local retaining structures, including: dynamic dismantling of the old local retaining structures and dynamic establishment of the new local retaining structures, including:
[0072] Step S6.1: Carry out local support engineering according to the determined local support morphology parameters;
[0073] Step S6.2: Based on the mining parameters of the cross-mining working face, cross-mining is carried out on the old local support body to recover the coal resources covered by the old local support body;
[0074] Step S6.3: Based on the local support project, according to the disposal parameters of the internal spoil disposal site, continue the internal spoil disposal and cooperate with the horizontal mining of the old local support body to carry out the horizontal mining internal spoil disposal project;
[0075] Step S6.4: Perform numerical simulation using FLAC3D software to determine the tracking distance of the internal spoil heap. Based on the spoil heap disposal parameters, dynamically establish a new local retaining structure by tracking the internal spoil heap. The new local retaining structure is established based on the internal spoil heap, and its parameters (height of the spoil heap step and width of the flat plate) are used to determine the new local retaining structure.
[0076] In this embodiment, firstly, traditional methods for dismantling old partial retaining structures employ longitudinal mining. This method cannot dynamically establish new partial retaining structures, thus failing to effectively control slope stability. Therefore, traditional longitudinal mining is inherently dangerous. If a new partial retaining structure needs to be established, it can only be done after the old structure has been completely mined. The method in this embodiment, however, dynamically establishes new partial retaining structures during the dismantling process, effectively controlling slope stability and ensuring safety. Secondly, when using longitudinal mining to dismantle old partial retaining structures, considering slope stability, not all the resources buried beneath the old retaining structure can be extracted. The method in this embodiment, however, can extract all the resources buried beneath the old retaining structure while ensuring safety.
[0077] In this embodiment, the initial engineering location plan for the establishment of the new local retaining structure and the demolition of the old local retaining structure is shown below. Figure 9 As mentioned above, partial retaining works were first carried out at the internal spoil heap to improve the stability of the internal spoil heap slope (e.g. Figure 10 (As shown), to prevent landslides caused by slope instability at the inner spoil heap during the dismantling of the old partial retaining structure. The dynamic establishment of the new partial retaining structure is based on the existing partial retaining works. By implementing horizontal mining and inner spoil heaping on the old partial retaining structure to maximize the recovery and covering of coal resources, and based on the spoil heap disposal parameters, the new partial retaining structure is established during the inner spoil heaping tracking process (such as...). Figure 11 , Figure 12 (As shown).
[0078] In this embodiment, the old local support body is horizontally mined according to the determined horizontal mining parameters to recover the coal resources covered by the old local support body. Based on the local support engineering, according to the internal spoil disposal parameters, internal spoil disposal is carried out in conjunction with the horizontal mining of the old local support body to implement the horizontal mining internal spoil disposal project. The tracking distance of the internal spoil disposal site is 50m (the tracking distance of the internal spoil disposal site is determined by numerical simulation using FLAC3D numerical simulation software). During the tracking process of the internal spoil disposal site, a new local support body is dynamically established.
[0079] Step S7: During the period between the removal of the old partial support structure and the establishment of the new partial support structure, the transportation system is rearranged according to the principle of transportation system layout.
[0080] In this embodiment, the transportation system is planned and arranged during the dynamic dismantling and construction of local retaining structures. The current transportation system layout is as follows: Figure 13 As shown; the transportation system layout during the dynamic dismantling and construction of partial retaining structures is based on the existing development transportation system. The west work area's working spur advances northward to form a moving pit line, which, together with the west end spur's transportation platform, forms a main transportation line. The initial engineering location transportation system layout plan for the dynamic dismantling and construction of partial retaining structures is shown in the figure. Figure 14 As shown, the layout plan of the transportation system for the dynamic dismantling and construction of partial retaining structures during the mid-term project is as follows. Figure 15 As shown, the layout plan of the transportation system after the dynamic dismantling and reconstruction of the partial retaining structures is as follows. Figure 16 As shown, the implementation of the dynamic dismantling and construction of local support structures avoids the situation where, after the old local support structures are dismantled, stripped coal transportation can only be carried out through the west and east end walls, thus shortening the transportation distance, reducing production costs, and having a significant economic effect.
[0081] The various embodiments in this application are described in a progressive manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.
[0082] The scope of protection of this application is not limited to the embodiments described above. Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this disclosure without departing from the scope and spirit of this disclosure. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of equivalent technology of this disclosure, then the intent of this disclosure also includes such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A method for dynamic replacement of local retaining structures in open pit mines, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Select the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap based on the current status of open-pit mining, and number the engineering geological profiles of the internal spoil heap respectively; Step S2: Obtain the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock mass; Step S3: Based on the open-pit mining design, obtain the mining parameters for the horizontal working face and the parameters for the internal spoil disposal site; Step S4: Determine the slope safety reserve coefficient based on the slope service life and the "Code for Design of Open-pit Coal Mines" (GB50197-2015); Step S5: Based on the engineering geological profile of the internal spoil heap, the physical and mechanical parameters of the slope soil and rock, and the slope safety reserve coefficient, determine the morphological parameters of the local retaining structure, including: For all selected internal spoil heap engineering geological profiles, the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap without local support was calculated. The profile with the smallest slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap without local support was selected as the object to determine the cross-sectional shape of the local support body. Based on the cross-sectional shape of the local retaining structure, the inner spoil heap is fully supported to obtain the slope stability coefficient of the inner spoil heap under the fully supported state. Draw a diagram showing the relationship between the spatial morphology of the local retaining structure and the stability coefficient of the slope of the internal spoil heap under the local retaining condition; Based on the relationship diagram, find the spatial form of the local retaining body that corresponds to the slope stability coefficient of the internal spoil heap under the local retaining state that meets the slope safety reserve coefficient requirement. Step S6: Based on the mining parameters of the horizontal mining slab, the disposal parameters of the internal spoil heap, and the morphological parameters of the local retaining structures, carry out coordinated construction of dynamic replacement of local retaining structures, including: dynamic demolition of old local retaining structures and dynamic establishment of new local retaining structures. Local support engineering is carried out based on the determined local support morphology parameters; Based on the mining parameters of the horizontal mining working face, the old local support body is horizontally mined to recover the coal resources covered by the old local support body; Based on the local support works, and according to the disposal parameters of the internal spoil disposal site, the internal spoil disposal work will continue to be carried out in conjunction with the horizontal mining of the old local support works. Numerical simulation was performed using FLAC3D software to determine the tracking distance of the internal spoil disposal site. Based on the spoil disposal parameters, a new local retaining structure was dynamically established by tracking the internal spoil disposal site. Step S7: During the period of dynamic dismantling of the old local support structure and dynamic establishment of the new local support structure, the transportation system is rearranged according to the principle of transportation system layout.
2. The method for dynamic replacement and coordinated construction of local support structures in open-pit mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The morphological parameters of the local support include: the cross-sectional shape of the local support and the spatial shape of the local support.