A small potato harvester integrating digging, screening and collecting

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a small integrated potato harvester with functions of digging, screening and collecting, which comprises a digging and conveying mechanism, a circular ring potato collecting and feeding mechanism, a potato dropping and bagging mechanism and a power transmission mechanism; the digging and conveying mechanism digs potatoes, which are transported to the circular ring potato collecting and feeding mechanism at the back after the removal of potato stems and weeds by an elastic barrier and a weed removing roller, the circular ring structure collects the potatoes, separates the potatoes from impurities such as soil clods and feeds the potatoes, and finally the potatoes are transferred to a collecting bag by a transmission roller and a collecting frame in the potato dropping and bagging mechanism. The small integrated potato harvester can complete multiple work procedures such as digging, conveying, stem removing, potato-soil separation and bagging at one time, has compact structure, reliable power and low cost, and effectively solves the problems of high cost of manual potato picking, complex structure of integrated potato harvesters, large size, and unsuitability for small farmers and operation in hilly areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening and harvesting. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the mechanization rate of potato harvesting is low, and potato harvesting equipment is still in the development stage. Most existing potato harvesters adopt the concept of segmented harvesting or combined harvesting. Segmented harvesting separates potato digging and picking into two steps. Many universities and enterprises have carried out research and development on different types of potato digging and picking harvesters. Among them, potato digging harvesters only dig and transport potatoes underground to the surface, and manual picking is still required afterward, resulting in high labor costs. However, this type of equipment is currently more common in the market. There is less research and development on combined harvesters that integrate potato digging and picking. Although existing equipment can complete digging, screening, and harvesting, these harvesters are often characterized by complex structures, large weight and size, and are not suitable for operation in hilly areas. Therefore, based on the current research status of potato harvesters, in order to solve the above problems, a small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting is designed. It adopts a structural arrangement in which a vertical circular group structure is set behind the digging and conveying device for potato-soil separation and upward conveying, and a potato-dropping and bagging mechanism is set above for potato collection and bagging. This allows the machine to complete potato digging, collection, conveying, potato-soil separation, bagging and harvesting in one go. Moreover, the machine has a simple and compact structure, small weight and size, high operation quality and efficiency, reliable power transmission, strong applicability, and high value for promotion and application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and harvesting to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] The present invention discloses a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and harvesting. It is installed behind a tractor and uses the tractor's rear output shaft as the power source for the entire machine. It mainly includes a digging and conveying mechanism 1, a circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2, a potato dropping and bagging mechanism 3, and a power transmission mechanism 4 to achieve integrated potato harvesting.

[0005] The excavation and conveying mechanism 1 includes a soil-lifting plate 101, a soil-lifting plate fixing rod 102, a conveying support rod 103, a cutting disc 104, a cutting disc fixing rod 105, a bearing seat 106, a right side plate 107, a wheel 108, a wheel support rod 109, a left side plate 110, a three-point suspension tie rod 111, a three-point suspension support rod 112, a three-point suspension fixing rod 113, a conveyor belt 114, a conveying power rod 115, a weeding roller 116, a potato dropping plate 117, an elastic barrier 118, a spring support rod 119, a spring 120, and an elastic barrier support rod 121. The lifting plate 101 is welded and fixed to the lifting plate fixing rod 102. After the tractor's three-point suspension is hinged to the corresponding positions on the three-point suspension tie rod 111, three-point suspension support rod 112, and three-point suspension fixing rod 113, the lifting plate 101 will penetrate the soil to a certain depth for potato digging. The cutting disc 104 and the cutting disc fixing rod 105 are fixed to the right side plate 107 and the left side plate 110 to cut the potato vines to prevent the potato vines from getting tangled in the conveyor belt 114 as much as possible. The right side plate 107 and the left side plate 110 are connected by the conveyor support rod 103, the potato dropping plate 117, and the conveyor belt 114. The power rod 115 and the three-point suspension structure are supported and fixed together. The wheel 108 is fixed to the bottom of the two side plates by the wheel support rod 109, which plays a supporting role for the whole machine. The conveyor belt 114 has a certain inclination angle. The front end is supported by the conveyor support rod 103, and the end end is supported by the conveyor power rod 115 and transmits power. The weeding roller 116 is located at the end of the elastic railing 118 and is coaxially connected to the passive gear two (409). It has a certain gap with the conveyor belt 114. The weeding roller 116 rotates relative to the conveyor belt 114 to squeeze and throw away the potato vines and weeds.

[0006] Preferably, the width of the soil-lifting plate 101 and the conveyor belt 114 in the excavation and conveying mechanism 1 is 70mm, the length of the left side plate 110 and the right side plate 107 is 1100mm, and the height of the front end of the excavation and conveying mechanism 1 is 600mm. The reduction in the working length, width and height of the excavation and conveying mechanism 1 makes the overall weight and volume more suitable for transportation operations in small plots and hilly areas.

[0007] Preferably, the left side plate 110 and the right side plate 107 are designed to facilitate the entry of the soil-lifting plate 101 into the soil and the installation of the wheel 108, with the upper end face being horizontal and the lower end face having a certain inclination angle, and reinforcing ribs are provided in the middle part of the two side plates.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic barrier 118 can be elastically adjusted by the spring 120 to exert pressure on the potato vines and weeds, preventing the accumulation of potato vines and weeds at the end of the conveyor belt 114;

[0009] The circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2 is located behind the digging and conveying mechanism 1; it includes a lower left support rod 201, a lower right support rod 202, a transmission rod 203, a fall prevention guard plate 204, an upper right support rod 205, a tooth support plate 206, a tooth fixing frame 207, a tooth spring 208, a tooth 209, an upper left support rod 210, a pulley 211, a potato baffle plate 212, spokes 213, a side circular ring group 214, and a main circular ring group 215. The lower left support rod 201, lower right support rod 202, upper right support rod 205, upper left support rod 210, and pulley 211 form four horizontal fixed fulcrums to fix the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2. The transmission rod 203 is welded and fixed to the spokes 213. The anti-fall guard plate 204 is fixed to the inside of the side circular ring group 214 to prevent the potatoes from falling and being damaged due to their own weight during the rotation of the circular ring group. In order to ensure that the potatoes can continue to rotate due to inertia after being transported to the top of the circular ring group, the mechanism is designed to prevent the potatoes from continuing to rotate after being transported to the top of the circular ring group. The potato is fed into the potato bagging mechanism 3 by setting up a tooth support plate 206, a tooth fixing frame 207, a tooth spring 208, and a tooth 209. The potato is blocked by a potato baffle plate 212 to prevent the potato from slipping when it rotates in the ring group. The side ring group 214 is fixed to the main ring group 215. The inner ring has a certain spacing to remove small soil clods and stones. The side ring group 214, the main ring group 215, and the potato baffle plate 212 form the key component ring group of the ring potato collecting and conveying mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the lower left support rod 201, lower right support rod 202, upper right support rod 205, and upper left support rod 210 are fixed to the side plate reinforcing ribs on the excavation conveying mechanism 1, which can improve the stability of the ring assembly during operation.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom of the tooth support plate 206 is more than 120mm away from the transmission roller 304, so as to provide a support surface for the tooth 209 without affecting the passage of the potato on the transmission roller 304;

[0012] Preferably, the circular group consisting of the potato baffle 212, the side circular group 214 and the main circular group 215 is about 130mm above the ground to prevent the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2 from disturbing the ground surface during operation, which would affect the transfer of potatoes in the circular group and the removal of small clods of soil and stones.

[0013] Preferably, the main ring assembly 215 has a diameter of 1600mm, and the overall width, including the two side ring assemblies 214, is 350mm. The distance from the rear end of the excavation conveying mechanism is 150mm. The smaller diameter and width improve the stability of the ring assembly during operation, reduce the pressure on the transmission rod 203 and the pulley 211 fixed support, and ensure that the overall machine volume is small.

[0014] The potato bagging mechanism 3 is located directly above the digging and conveying mechanism 1; it includes a potato-dropping frame 301, a right-side passenger board 302, a passenger board fixing rod 303, a transmission roller 304, a transmission chain 305, a right support baffle 306, a left support baffle 307, a bearing 308, a bag-changing baffle 309, a collection bag hook 310, a collection frame 311, a left-side passenger board 312, and a vine-dropping board 313; the potato-dropping frame 301 is located directly above the digging and conveying mechanism 1 and the transmission rod 203, without interfering with the transmission rod 203; the right-side passenger board 302 can carry people to sift out large clods of soil or stones from the transmission roller 304, and the right-side passenger board 302... The manned plate is fixed to the right side plate 107 by welding the fixing rod 303; the transmission rollers 304 are arranged in an array above the potato falling frame 301, with a potato falling gap in the middle, and a seedling falling plate 313 is set at the end of the transmission roller array 304 to collect the potato seedlings and weeds that have not been removed, and then they are thrown away manually; the potatoes that are pushed off by the transmission teeth 209 are put into the potato falling frame 301, and the transmission chain 305 transmits power to the transmission rollers 304; the lower end surfaces of the right support baffle 306 and the left support baffle 307 are welded to the left side plate 110 and the right side plate 107, and the lower outer side surfaces are on the same plane as the outer surfaces of the left side plate 110 and the right side plate 107.

[0015] The collection frame 311 can hold two potato collection bags, which are fixed by collection bag hooks 310; a set of two bag changing baffles 309 are arranged at the drop-off point of the collection bag. When the left collection bag is being collected, the left bag changing baffle is lowered and the right bag changing baffle is raised. When the left collection bag is full, the left bag changing baffle is raised and the right bag changing baffle is lowered, and the potatoes fall into the right collection bag; a left-side carrying plate 312 is attached to the outside of the side of the collection frame 311 and fixed to the left-side plate 110;

[0016] Preferably, the right-side manned platform 302 and the collection frame 311 are located on the left and right sides of the machine respectively, balancing the weight on both sides of the machine and ensuring the stability of the machine during operation;

[0017] Preferably, the array of transmission rollers 304 is arranged at a certain tilt angle, and the lower end face of the potato frame 301 is also at a certain tilt angle, so as to ensure that the potatoes can be transported smoothly without blockage during the transmission process.

[0018] Preferably, the potato bag changing mechanism 3 uses a roller and sprocket chain device to convey potatoes, which ensures reliable and stable power transmission and guarantees the stability and reliability of the machine during operation.

[0019] Preferably, the collection frame 311 can hold two potato collection bags. When one collection bag is full of potatoes, the potatoes can be transferred to the other potato collection bag by the bag changing baffle 309, which improves the working efficiency of the machine during operation.

[0020] Preferably, the collection frame 311 is 650mm high and 400mm wide, which ensures both the height of the collection frame off the ground and the ease of transportation when the collection bag is full, while keeping the overall machine size relatively small.

[0021] The power transmission mechanism 4 includes a reduction gearbox 401, a splined external drive shaft 402, a splined internal drive shaft 403, a first drive sprocket (404), a first chain (405), a first driven sprocket (406), a first drive gear 407, a first driven gear (408), a second driven gear (409), a second drive sprocket (410), a second chain (411), a second driven sprocket (412), a transmission rod support frame 413, a third driven sprocket (414), a third chain (415), and a third drive sprocket (416). The reduction gearbox 104 is fixed above the middle position of the three-point suspension fixing rod 113, receiving power from the rear output shaft of the tractor. The power is transmitted from the right side to the first drive sprocket (404) through the splined external drive shaft 402 and the splined internal drive shaft 403. The first drive sprocket (404) transmits the power through the first chain (405). The power is transmitted to the first passive sprocket (406) and the second active gear (407); the second active gear (407) meshes with the first passive gear (408) and the second passive gear (409) to transmit power and change the direction of power. The first passive gear (408) and the second active sprocket (410) are coaxial and receive power, and rotate at the same speed. The second active sprocket (410) transmits power to the second passive sprocket (412) through the second chain (411), and the second passive sprocket (412) transmits power to the transmission roller (304) through the bearing (308). The rear side of the gearbox (401) is connected to the third active sprocket (416) to transmit power. The third active sprocket (416) transmits power to the third passive sprocket (414) through the third chain (415). The third passive sprocket (414) is fixed to the transmission rod (203) to provide a power source for the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2).

[0022] Preferably, the passive sprocket three (414) and the transmission rod 203 are supported by two transmission rod support frames 413, which are welded and fixed to the upper top plate in the excavation conveying mechanism 1 to enhance the stability of the device;

[0023] Preferably, the power transmission mechanism 4 transmits power to various mechanisms of the machine tool through three sprocket and chain sets and one gear set. The power transmission structure is simple and stable, and the power transmission is reliable.

[0024] The small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The power transmission mechanism of the machinery adopts a sprocket chain group and a gear group, which is stable and reliable. At the same time, the positions of each mechanism are reasonably arranged. It adopts the form of digging down, screening up, and collecting up. The structure is compact and can realize multi-stage impurity removal of soil and stones. The harvesting efficiency and quality are both high.

[0026] (2) The machine is approximately 1800×1750×1800mm in length, width and height. It is small in size and weight and low in cost, making it suitable for small growers and hilly areas. It has high applicability and promotion value.

[0027] (3) The machine can complete the digging, collection, transportation, soil separation and bagging of potatoes in one go, realizing integrated operation of potato harvesting, reducing labor costs and improving economic benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and harvesting, and a schematic diagram of the relative positions of each mechanism;

[0029] Figure 2 Axonometric drawing showing the relative positions and coordination of the digging and conveying mechanisms of a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and harvesting.

[0030] Figure 3 Rear axonometric drawing showing the relative positions and coordination of the digging and conveying mechanisms of a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and harvesting.

[0031] Figure 4 Front view showing the relative positions and coordination of the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism of a small integrated potato harvester that combines digging, screening, and collecting.

[0032] Figure 5 Rear axonometric drawing showing the relative positions and coordination of the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism of a small integrated potato harvester that combines digging, screening, and collecting.

[0033] Figure 6 Rear view of the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism of a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and collecting;

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the relative positions and coordination of the potato bagging and unloading mechanisms of a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and harvesting.

[0035] Figure 8 Axonometric diagram showing the relative positions and coordination of the potato bagging mechanism of a small integrated potato harvester that combines digging, screening, and harvesting;

[0036] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the relative positions and coordination relationships of the power transmission mechanisms in a small potato harvester that integrates digging, screening, and harvesting.

[0037] The attached diagrams are labeled as follows: 1-Digging and conveying mechanism, 2-Circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism, 3-Potato dropping and bagging mechanism, 4-Power transmission mechanism, 101-Soil lifting plate, 102-Soil lifting plate fixing rod, 103-Conveying support rod, 104-Cutling tray, 105-Cutling tray fixing rod, 106-Bearing seat, 107-Right side plate, 108-Wheel, 109-Wheel support rod, 110-Left side plate, 111-Three-point suspension tie rod, 112-Three-point suspension support rod, 113- Three-point suspension fixing rod, 114-conveyor belt, 115-conveyor power rod, 116-weeding roller, 117-potato dropping plate, 118-elastic barrier, 119-spring support rod, 120-spring, 121-elastic barrier support rod, 201-lower left support rod, 202-lower right support rod, 203-transmission rod, 204-fall-off guard plate, 205-upper right support rod, 206-tooth support plate, 207-tooth fixing frame, 208-tooth spring, 209-tooth. 210-Upper left support rod, 211-Pulley, 212-Potato baffle, 213-Spoke, 214-Side ring assembly, 215-Main ring assembly, 301-Potato dropping frame, 302-Right side passenger board, 303-Passenger board fixing rod, 304-Transfer roller, 305-Transfer chain, 306-Right support baffle, 307-Left support baffle, 308-Bearing, 309-Bag changing baffle, 310-Collection bag hook, 311-Collection frame, 312-Left side passenger board 313-Rice seedling drop plate, 401-Reduction gearbox, 402-Splined external drive shaft, 403-Splined internal drive shaft, 404-Drive sprocket one, 405-Chain one, 406-Driven sprocket one, 407-Drive gear, 408-Driven gear one, 409-Driven gear two, 410-Drive sprocket two, 411-Chain two, 412-Driven sprocket two, 413-Transmission rod support frame, 414-Driven sprocket three, 415-Chain three, 416-Drive sprocket three. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] like Figure 1The diagram shows the structure of a small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting, as well as the relative positions of each mechanism. During operation, the machine performs single-row operation. The digging and conveying mechanism 1 digs the potatoes out of the ground, removes the vines and weeds, and then conveys them to the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2. The circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2 screens out small clods of soil, stones, and other impurities, and then conveys the potatoes to the potato dropping and bagging mechanism 3. The potato dropping and bagging mechanism 3 allows for manual removal of any remaining large clods of soil, stones, etc. The remaining potatoes will fall into the potato collection bag through the collection frame.

[0040] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the specific structure of the digging and conveying mechanism 1 includes a three-point suspension tie rod 111, a three-point suspension support rod 112, and a three-point suspension fixing rod 113, which are connected to the tractor's rear three-point suspension through fixing holes. The specific working process of the mechanism is as follows: after being connected, the soil-digging plate 101 digs potatoes from the soil and transfers a small amount of potato vines and weeds to the conveyor belt 114 when the implement moves forward. The conveyor belt 114 continuously transports potatoes from the lower end of the conveyor belt to the upper end. At the same time, some small clods of soil and stones can be screened out through the gaps in the conveyor belt. At the end of the conveyor belt, the elastic barrier 118 squeezes the potato vines and weeds into the gap between the weeding roller 116 and the conveyor belt 114. Then, the relative rotation of the weeding roller 116 and the conveyor belt 114 removes the potato vines and weeds. Finally, the potatoes fall onto the lower end of the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2 via the potato dropping plate 117. The power source of the mechanism is provided by the conveying power rod 115.

[0041] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the specific structure of the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2 is as follows: The circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2 is located directly behind the digging and conveying mechanism 1. The entire mechanism is supported by a transmission rod 203, a lower left support rod 201, a lower right support rod 202, an upper right support rod 205, an upper left support rod 210, and a pulley 211. This ensures that the rotation of the circular group is not affected, while the transmission rod 203 provides axial support to the circular group, and the four support rods and pulleys provide radial support. The circular group is composed of a potato baffle plate 212, a side circular group 214, and a main circular group 215. The specific working process of the mechanism is as follows: the potatoes from the digging and conveying mechanism 1 fall to the lower end of the circular group. The circular group rotates continuously, separating the potatoes from the soil and stones while transporting the potatoes to the uppermost end. The teeth 209 push the potatoes transported to the uppermost end onto the transmission rollers 304 in the potato dropping and bagging mechanism 3.

[0042] like Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the potato bagging mechanism 3 has a specific structure. The main body of the mechanism is located directly above the digging and conveying mechanism 1. The transmission rollers 304 are arranged in an array, with gaps in the middle for falling potatoes, and a vine-dropping plate 313 at the end. The lower collecting frame of the bagging mechanism 3 is located on the left side of the digging and conveying mechanism 1, and the right-side manned plate 302 is located on the right side of the mechanism. The specific working process is as follows: in the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2, the teeth 209 push the potatoes onto the transmission rollers 304. At this time, large clods of soil, stones, or other impurities can be manually removed via the manned plates on both sides. The remaining potatoes pass through the potato dropping frame 301 and enter the collection bag located inside the collection frame 311 on the left. The collection bag is fixed by the collection bag hook 310. The collection frame 311 can hold two collection bags. When the bag changing baffle 309 is lower on the left and higher on the right, the potatoes enter the left collection bag. After the left collection bag is full, the bag changing baffle 309 becomes higher on the left and lower on the right, at which point the potatoes enter the right collection bag, so as to realize the continuous operation of the machine and improve work efficiency. The potato vines, weeds and other debris that are not cleaned by the digging and conveying mechanism 1 will eventually be transferred to the vine dropping plate 313 along with the potatoes and then removed manually by both sides.

[0043] like Figure 9 As shown, the power transmission mechanism 4 is located above and to the right of the digging and conveying mechanism 1. It receives power from the tractor's rear output shaft via a reduction gearbox 401. The power output from the right side of the reduction gearbox 401 is transmitted via a splined external drive shaft 402, a splined internal drive shaft 403, a first drive sprocket 404, a first chain 405, and a first driven sprocket 406 to the conveying power rod 115 on the digging and conveying mechanism 1. Then, via a drive gear 407, a first driven gear 408, and a second driven gear 409, the power is transmitted to the weeding roller 116 and the drive chain. At wheel 2 410, the driving sprocket 2 410 transmits power to the driven sprocket 2 412 via chain 2 411, and finally to the transmission chain 3 415 and transmission roller 304; the power output at the rear of the gearbox 401 transmits power to the transmission rod 203 in the potato soil separation mechanism 2 via the driving sprocket 3 416, chain 3 415, and driven sprocket 3 414, while the transmission rod 203 and driven sprocket 3 414 are supported by two transmission rod support frames 413; the power transmission mechanism 4 mainly uses sprocket and chain groups and gear groups, and the power transmission is stable and reliable.

[0044] The working process of this invention:

[0045] In the digging and conveying mechanism 1, the soil-lifting plate 101 digs up the potatoes along with soil clods, potato vines, and other impurities from the soil and conveys them to the conveyor belt 114. The conveyor belt 114 can screen out small soil clods and stones. At the same time, the elastic barrier 118 and the weeding roller 116 remove potato vines and weeds. The potatoes and remaining large impurities are then dropped onto the potato-dropping plate 117 into the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism 2, which consists of a potato-blocking plate 212, a side circular ring group 214, and a main circular ring group 215. The circular ring group is driven by the transmission rod 203 to rotate continuously, carrying the potatoes... The potatoes are fed to the highest point, while larger clods of soil and stones are separated. The pick teeth 209 push the potatoes from the highest point onto the conveyor rollers 304, and then transport them into the potato dropping frame 301. At this time, the remaining large clods of soil, stones, potato vines and weeds can be manually removed through the personnel plates on both sides of the machine. Finally, the potatoes fall into the collection bag on one side fixed in the collection frame 311. When one collection bag is full, the potatoes are transferred to the other collection bag by the bag changing baffle 309 to continue collection.

Claims

1. A small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting, characterized in that: It includes a digging and conveying mechanism (1), a circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2), a potato dropping and bagging mechanism (3), and a power transmission mechanism (4); The excavation and conveying mechanism (1) includes a soil-lifting plate (101), a soil-lifting plate fixing rod (102), a conveying support rod (103), a cutting disc (104), a cutting disc fixing rod (105), a bearing seat (106), a right side plate (107), a wheel (108), a wheel support rod (109), a left side plate (110), a three-point suspension tie rod (111), a three-point suspension support rod (112), a three-point suspension fixing rod (113), a conveyor belt (114), a conveying power rod (115), a weeding roller (116), a potato dropping plate (117), an elastic barrier (118), a spring support rod (119), a spring (120), and an elastic barrier support rod (121). The soil-lifting plate (101) is welded and fixed to the soil-lifting plate fixing rod (102) at a certain soil-entry angle; the seedling cutting tray (104) and the seedling cutting tray fixing rod (105) are connected by a ring pin, and the seedling cutting tray (104) can rotate; the bearing seat (106) and the conveying support rod (103) are radially concentric, and the bearing seat (106) is fixed on the right side plate (107); The wheel (108) is fixed to the end of the machine via a wheel support rod (109) to support the entire machine; the three-point suspension tie rod (111), three-point suspension support rod (112), and three-point suspension fixing rod (113) cooperate with each other to hinge with the rear three-point suspension of the tractor and connect the left side plate (110) and the right side plate (107); the conveyor support rod (103) is located inside the front end of the conveyor belt (114) and connects the left side plate (110) and the right side plate (107); the conveyor power rod (115) is located inside the rear end of the conveyor belt (114) and connects the left side plate (110) and the right side plate (107). The right side plate (107) and the potato falling plate (117) are fixed at a certain angle below the conveying power rod (115) and connect the left side plate (110) and the right side plate (107); the weeding roller (116) is located between the conveying power rod (115) and the potato falling plate (117); the elastic barrier (118) and the elastic barrier support rod (121) are coaxially fixed; the elastic barrier (118) can rotate around the elastic barrier support rod (121) at a certain angle; the upper end of the elastic barrier (118) is engaged with the spring (120); the lower end of the spring (120) is welded and fixed to the spring support rod (119); The circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2) is located behind the digging and conveying mechanism (1); it includes a lower left support rod (201), a lower right support rod (202), a transmission rod (203), a fall protection plate (204), an upper right support rod (205), a tooth support plate (206), a tooth fixing frame (207), a tooth spring (208), a tooth (209), an upper left support rod (210), a pulley (211), a potato baffle plate (212), spokes (213), a side circular ring group (214), and a main circular ring group (215); The circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2) is supported by the left lower support rod (201), right lower support rod (202), right upper support rod (205), and left upper support rod (210) in cooperation with each other to support the left side of the circular ring structure. The lower ends of each support rod are fixed to the left side plate (110) and right side plate (107) of the digging and conveying mechanism (1). The transmission rod (203) is fixed to the spoke (213) and directly connected to support the right side of the circular ring structure. There are four pulleys (211) which are fixed to the left lower support rod (201), right lower support rod (202), right upper support rod (205), and left upper support rod (210) respectively. The inner side of the pulley (211) restricts the axial movement direction of the main circular ring (215). The anti-fall guard plate (204) is fixed to the inner side of the main ring group (215) by a fixing rod. The tooth fixing frame (207) is fixed to the tooth support plate (206) and is fixed as a whole above the left support baffle (307) and the right support baffle (306). The tooth spring (208) and the tooth (209) array are fixed on the tooth fixing frame (207). The tooth (209) is located in the ring gap of the main ring group (215). The potato baffle plate (212) is connected to the side ring group (214) and the main ring group (215) array. The spokes (213) are fixed to the side ring group (214). The potato bagging mechanism (3) is located directly above the digging and conveying mechanism (1); it includes a potato frame (301), a right-side manned plate (302), a manned plate fixing rod (303), a transmission roller (304), a transmission chain (305), a right support baffle (306), a left support baffle (307), a bearing (308), a bag changing baffle (309), a collection bag hook (310), a collection frame (311), a left-side manned plate (312), and a seedling dropping plate (313); The potato-dropping frame (301) is located directly above the digging and conveying mechanism (1) and directly below the conveying roller (304) to receive the conveyed potatoes; the right-side manned plate (302) is located on the lower right side of the machine and is welded and fixed to the right-side plate (107) by the manned plate fixing rod (303); The array of transmission rollers (304) is located between the right support baffle (306) and the left support baffle (307). The outer surfaces of both ends of the transmission rollers (304) are fixed to the inner surfaces of the bearings (308), while the outer surfaces of the bearings (308) are fixed to the left support baffle (307) and the right support baffle (306), allowing the transmission rollers (304) to rotate around their own central axis. A gap is left in the array position for potato dropping. A seedling dropping plate (313) is provided at the end of the transmission roller (304) array, which allows the weeding roller (116) to drop. Unremoved potato vines and weeds are transported here; the transmission chain (305) is located at the right end of the transmission roller (304), transmitting power to make the transmission roller (304) rotate; the bag changing baffle (309) is inside the potato dropping frame (301), embedded therein and can move up and down; the collection frame (311) is located on the left side of the whole machine, where potato collection bags can be placed, and the collection bags are fixed by the collection bag hooks (310); the bottom of the collection frame (311) is fixed to the left side plate (110) by the left side passenger plate (312); The power transmission mechanism (4) includes a gearbox (401), a splined external drive shaft (402), a splined internal drive shaft (403), a first drive sprocket (404), a first chain (405), a first driven sprocket (406), a drive gear (407), a first driven gear (408), a second driven gear (409), a second drive sprocket (410), a second chain (411), a second driven sprocket (412), a transmission rod support frame (413), a third driven sprocket (414), a third chain (415), and a third drive sprocket (416); the gearbox (401) is located in the middle of the front end of the tool, and on the right side is... The splined external drive shaft (402) is connected, and the splined internal drive shaft (403) is welded and fixed to the first drive sprocket (404). The power is transmitted to the first driven sprocket (406) and the drive gear (407) through the first chain (405). The drive gear (407) meshes with the first driven gear (408) and the second driven gear (409) and transmits the power to the weeding roller (116) and the second drive sprocket (410) through the coaxial rod. The power is transmitted to the second driven sprocket (412) through the second chain (411) on the outside of the second drive sprocket (410), and then the power is transmitted to the potato bagging mechanism (3). The rear side of the gearbox (401) is connected to the third active sprocket (416). The third active sprocket (416) transmits power to the third passive sprocket (414) through the third chain (415). The third passive sprocket (414) and the transmission rod (203) in the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2) are fixed on the top plate of the digging and conveying mechanism (1) through the transmission rod support frame (413) and the bearing (308).

2. The small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2) is located directly behind the digging and conveying mechanism (1) and the potato bagging mechanism (3), while the main body of the potato bagging mechanism (3) is located directly above the digging and conveying mechanism (1).

3. The small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic barrier (118) in the digging and conveying mechanism (1) guides and presses the conveyed potato vines and weeds toward the gap between the conveyor belt (114) and the weeding roller (116). Then the conveying power rod (115) drives the conveyor belt (114) and the weeding roller (116) to rotate relative to each other, squeezing out and throwing away the potato vines and weeds.

4. The small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The power of the potato harvester gearbox (401) is provided by the tractor output shaft, and then transmitted to the digging and conveying mechanism (1), the circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2), and the potato dropping and bagging mechanism (3) through the sprocket chain and gear set in the power transmission mechanism (4).

5. The small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The circular potato collecting and conveying mechanism (2) uses a main circular ring group (215), a side circular ring group (214) and a potato baffle plate (212) to remove the potatoes and soil clods and impurities conveyed by the digging and conveying mechanism (1) through the gaps in the circular ring group, and transport the potatoes to the top, and then let them fall onto the potato bagging mechanism (3).

6. The small potato harvester integrating digging, screening, and harvesting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The potato bagging mechanism (3) has a collection frame (311) on the left side of the machine for placing two potato collection bags and a bag changing baffle (309).

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