A special steel forging device and a forging method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of special steel forgings forging device, including the forging machine for forging shaping, the stamping forging part of forging machine is equipped with the replaceable stamping head, the outside of forging machine is equipped with gripper, the inside of gripper is equipped with conveyor, when processing, it can be according to the workpiece of different type material realizes forging shaping and the operation of forging pressure discharge impurity, to material special special steel realizes better processing effect, the forging machine can be according to different processing shape and the fatigue degree of processing head changeable stamping head and the gripper and conveyor capable of driving steel piece feeding and discharging, gripper and conveyor are used for clamping and moving steel piece in the process of forging, for the processing of the specific position outside steel piece by the lifting of stamping head, effectively solve the problem that the existing special steel needs frequent heating, feeding and discharging process is troublesome, processing efficiency is low in the process of forging due to its high heating temperature, high hardness and other characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of special steel forging, specifically to a special steel forging forging apparatus and forging method. Background Technology

[0002] Special steel, also known as special steel or special steel, refers to steel products that have special physical and chemical properties or special uses due to their special composition, structure, and production process. It is a branch of the traditional steel industry and is the opposite of ordinary steel, but the two have quite different uses.

[0003] Special steels are produced by incorporating more alloying elements and employing specialized production and processing techniques during the smelting process. Their chemical composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties are superior to those of ordinary steels. Their grain complexity is also higher than that of ordinary steels, thus expanding their application areas. Therefore, they are widely used in industries with high steel quality requirements, such as automotive, machinery, chemical, shipbuilding, railway, aerospace, and defense.

[0004] Although special steel belongs to the steel industry, its complex and varied composition and high requirements for manufacturing technology determine the diversity of special steel products. Different varieties have huge differences in performance due to differences in composition and process requirements, which in turn leads to differences in the application fields of the products.

[0005] Based on their applications, special steels can be divided into eight categories: high-quality carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, carbon tool steel, alloy tool (mold) steel, high-speed tool steel, bearing steel, spring steel (carbon spring steel and alloy spring steel), and stainless steel (heat-resistant and acid-resistant). Except for high-quality carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel, and carbon spring steel, the rest are alloy steels, which account for approximately 70% of special steels.

[0006] The prominent characteristics of special steel lie in its hardness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Generally, the hardness and toughness of special steel are higher than those of ordinary steel. Therefore, for the forging process, due to its high hardness, high forming temperature, high density, and outstanding thermal conductivity, the forming speed needs to be accelerated during the forging process. If the temperature does not reach the forming standard, it needs to be reheated, which requires frequent loading and unloading and heating, resulting in a relatively long heating process. Different types of forging machines are required for different processes, resulting in low processing efficiency. In view of the above problems, a forging device and forging method for special steel forgings are proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a forging apparatus and forging method for special steel forgings to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a forging apparatus for special steel forgings, comprising a forging machine for forging and shaping, wherein the forging machine's stamping and forging section is equipped with a replaceable stamping head, a clamp is mounted on the outer side of the forging machine, and a conveyor is mounted on the inner side of the clamp; the forging machine includes a base, and a stamping head is mounted on the top of the base; the stamping head includes a fixed head, a sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the fixed head, a closure is mounted on the outer side of the sleeve, and the fixed head is mounted on the bottom end of the stamping head; the clamp includes a slide rail fixed to the outer side of the base, a liftable guide rail is mounted inside the slide rail, a sliding frame that can slide left and right is mounted inside the guide rail, a fixing member is mounted on the outer side of the sliding frame, and a gripper is hinged to the outermost side of the fixing member; an assembly frame is extended from the outer side of the fixing member, and the conveyor is mounted on the outer side of the assembly frame; The conveyor includes a support frame, on the inner side of which a sliding guide rail is welded and assembled. Inside the sliding guide rail, a lifting and lowering fixing component is assembled. On the inner side of the conveying mechanism, a set of rotating wheels is assembled. A transmission chain is sleeved on the outer side of each rotating wheel. The number of rotating wheels used is 3 sets, and the rotating wheels are combined into a triangle in the vertical direction. A sliding component is assembled on the outer side of each set of rotating wheels, and the sliding component is assembled inside the fixing component.

[0009] Preferably, a bracket is mounted on the top of the base, the stamper is mounted at the center of the bracket, and a stamping table is mounted at the bottom of the stamping head corresponding to the stamper, with the steel part to be processed held between the stamping head and the stamping table.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the fixing head is provided with a screw hole, and the top of the kit and the closure are provided with a sleeve hole.

[0011] Preferably, the outer side of the kit has a mating groove, and the closure is inserted into the inside of the mating groove.

[0012] Preferably, the slide rails are arranged in pairs, wherein two sets of grippers are respectively arranged on the inner side of a single slide rail along the vertical and horizontal directions, and a single set of grippers uses four sets of grippers, with two adjacent sets of grippers and two sets of grippers on the other side arranged symmetrically.

[0013] Preferably, a hydraulic rod is hinged to the outer side between the fixing member and the gripper, a telescopic rod is mounted in the vertical direction of the guide rail, and a hydraulic rod is also mounted between the inner side of the guide rail and the sliding frame.

[0014] Preferably, a drive motor is mounted on the outer side of the topmost rotating wheel, and an adjuster is mounted on the top sliding member.

[0015] Preferably, a heating furnace is provided in the radial direction of the stamping press of the forging machine, and a heating lance and a hot air lance or an electric heating coil and a hot air lance are provided directly below the outside of the support.

[0016] A special steel forging method based on a special steel forging device includes the following steps: Step 1: Heating the steel billet. The steel billet is heated to a corresponding temperature according to its heating temperature. Step 2: Loading forging. After heating, the clamps clamp the steel billet to form a basic steel part. After stable clamping, the conveyor chain is attached to the outside of the steel part, and the clamps are released to convey the steel part directly below the stamping head. Step 3: Forging the steel billet. The stamping machine is started, and the stamping head is used to squeeze and impact the steel part downwards, forging and punching the steel part to remove impurities and perform preliminary shaping. During the shaping process, a heating gun or electric heating coil heats and keeps the steel part warm to ensure stable stamping and extrusion effects. A hot air gun inputs hot air to the stamping area to blow away the oxide layer and impurity layer that has been hammered off. During the forging process, the forging position of the steel part is adjusted by the left and right drive of the conveyor chain. Step 4: Shaping and blanking. After the stamping and forging are completed, the grippers are released, the drive machine is started, and the transmission chain drives the steel part to the blanking direction to achieve blanking. Step 5: Quenching and tempering. The blanked steel part is heated again. After heating, quenching and tempering processes are carried out according to the size of the steel part and the application scenario to ensure the overall hardness and physical properties of the steel part.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a forging machine for processing special steel forgings. This forging machine has a punch head that can be changed according to different processing shapes and the fatigue degree of the processing head, as well as a clamp and conveyor that can drive the loading and unloading of steel parts. The clamp and conveyor are used to clamp and move the steel parts during the forging process, and are used to hammer or compress and shape specific positions on the outside of the steel parts in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the punch head. This effectively solves the problems of frequent heating, cumbersome loading and unloading processes, and low processing efficiency of existing special steels due to their high heating temperature and high hardness. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an assembly diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stamping head assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the disassembled clamp of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of the clamp of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional assembly structure of the conveyor of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional assembly diagram of the conveyor of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Forging machine, 11. Base, 12. Support, 13. Stamper, 14. Steel part, 2. Stamping head, 21. Fixed head, 22. Screw hole, 23. Kit, 24. Docking groove, 25. Sealing part, 26. Sleeve hole, 3. Clamp, 31. Slide rail, 32. Telescopic rod, 33. Guide rail, 34. Fixing part, 35. Gripper, 4. Conveyor, 41. Support, 42. Sliding rail, 43. Fixing part, 44. Sliding part, 45. Rotary wheel, 46. Transmission chain, 47. Drive motor, 48. Regulator. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1-7 This invention provides a technical solution: a forging device for special steel forgings, including a forging machine 1 for forging and shaping, a replaceable stamping head 2 mounted on the stamping and forging part of the forging machine 1, a clamp 3 mounted on the outer side of the forging machine 1, and a conveyor 4 mounted on the inner side of the clamp 3; the forging machine 1 includes a base 11, and a stamping head 13 is mounted on the top of the base 11; the stamping head 2 includes a fixed head 21, a sleeve 23 is sleeved on the outside of the fixed head 21, a closing member 25 is mounted on the outside of the sleeve 23, and the fixed head 21 is mounted upward at the bottom end of the stamping head 13; the clamp 3 includes a slide rail 31 fixed to the outside of the base 11, a liftable guide rail 33 is mounted inside the slide rail 31, a sliding frame that can slide left and right is mounted inside the guide rail 33, a fixing member 34 is mounted on the outer side of the sliding frame, and a gripper 35 is hinged to the outermost side of the fixing member 34; an assembly frame is mounted on the outer side of the fixing member 34, and the conveyor 4 is mounted on the outer side of the assembly frame. The conveyor 4 includes a support 41, a sliding guide rail 42 welded to the inner side of the support 41, a lifting and lowering fixing member 43 installed inside the sliding guide rail 42, a set of rotating wheels 45 installed inside the conveying mechanism, and a transmission chain 46 sleeved on the outer side of the rotating wheels 45; the number of rotating wheels 45 used is 3 sets, and the rotating wheels 45 are combined into a triangle in the vertical direction. A sliding member 44 is installed on the outer side of each set of rotating wheels 45, and the sliding member 44 is installed inside the fixing member 43.

[0022] This invention provides a forging machine 1 for processing special steel forgings. The forging machine 1 includes a replaceable stamping head 2 that can be changed according to different processing shapes and the fatigue level of the processing head 2, as well as a clamping device 3 and a conveyor 4 that can drive the loading and unloading of steel parts 14. The clamping device 3 and the conveyor 4 are used to clamp and move the steel parts 14 during the forging process, and are used to hammer or compress and shape specific positions on the outside of the steel parts 14 in conjunction with the lifting and lowering of the stamping head 2. This effectively solves the problems of frequent heating, cumbersome loading and unloading processes, and low processing efficiency in the forging process of existing special steels due to their high heating temperature and high hardness.

[0023] Specifically, a support 12 is mounted on the top of the base 11, and a stamper 13 is mounted at the center of the support 12. A stamping table is mounted at the bottom of the stamping head 2, corresponding to the stamper 13. The steel part 14 to be processed is held between the stamping head 2 and the stamping table. The forging machine 1 is hydraulically driven. The support 12 can drive the height of the stamper 13 to be adjusted. It can also make the stamper 13 rise and fall without any movement to squeeze the steel part 14 and slowly shape it. It can also adjust the rise and fall of the fixed position of the stamper 13 to adjust the stroke and hammering position of the stamper 13. It can also adjust the hammering force according to the lead of the stamper 13 and the rising and falling displacement of the support 12 in conjunction with the hammering of the stamper 13. The stamper 13 is a rapid hammering structure that can quickly achieve lead movement and stop, as well as rapid retraction and extension, providing different stamping methods and stamping forces.

[0024] Specifically, the top of the fixing head 21 is provided with a screw hole 22, and the top of the kit 23 and the closure 25 is provided with a sleeve hole 26. By using the pre-drilled sleeve hole 26 and screw hole 22, it is ensured that the kit 23 and the closure 25 can be replaced as a whole set. After replacement, a bolt can be inserted into the sleeve hole 26 and screwed into the screw hole 22.

[0025] Specifically, the outer side of the kit 23 is provided with a mating groove 24, and the closure 25 is inserted into the inside of the mating groove 24. The mating groove 24 is used for the engagement and positioning of the closure 25 and the kit 23, which can realize the overall assembly and fixation of the kit 23.

[0026] Specifically, the slide rails 31 are arranged in pairs. Each slide rail 31 has two sets of grippers 35 arranged on its inner side along the vertical and horizontal directions. Each clamping device 3 uses four sets of grippers 35. The two adjacent sets of grippers 35 are symmetrically arranged with the two sets of grippers on the other side. By moving the sliding frame left and right, the two sets of grippers 35 arranged vertically and horizontally can be moved left and right, realizing the approaching action of the four sets of grippers 35 in the left and right directions. By adjusting the distance, the change of the inner spacing of the grippers 35 can be adjusted to adapt to the clamping of steel parts 14 of different widths. The horizontally positioned fixing member 34 and the gripper can be raised and lowered relative to the sliding frame, and the gripper 35, which can be adjusted to a horizontal position, corresponds to the center position of the steel part 14.

[0027] Specifically, a hydraulic rod is hinged to the outer side between the fixing member 34 and the gripper 35. A telescopic rod 32 is mounted vertically on the guide rail 33. A hydraulic rod is also mounted between the inner side of the guide rail 33 and the sliding frame. The hydraulic rod is used to drive the included angle between the gripper 35 and the fixing member 34 and to drive the sliding member to slide left and right on the inner side of the guide rail 33. The telescopic rod 32 is used to drive the guide rail 33 to lift as a whole, and to drive the overall lifting of the conveyor 4 and the lifting of the gripper 35.

[0028] The inner side of the sliding member 44 of the conveyor 4 and the inside of the guide rail of the fixed member 43 are equipped with springs. By adjusting the lifting of the regulator 48, the position of the fixed member 43 can be changed, which can directly drive the overall lifting and lowering position of the fixed member 43, and can also drive the position of the sliding member 44 to change. By utilizing the characteristics of a triangle, the bottom width of the transmission chain 46 can be changed, and the external clamping force on the steel part 14 can also be changed.

[0029] The conveyor 4 and gripper 35 can also be used in groups. By using a single group in conjunction with separate left and right displacement devices and lifting devices, the position can be adjusted individually to achieve the adjustment of the gripping position of the steel part 14.

[0030] The purpose of the arrangement of the clamp 3 and the conveyor 4 used in this invention is to enable the clamping action to be performed on the outside of the steel part 14, so that the shape of the workpiece does not affect the clamping action during loading and unloading.

[0031] A drive motor 47 is mounted on the outer side of the topmost rotating wheel 45, and an adjuster 48 is mounted upward on the top sliding member 44.

[0032] The triangular layout of the rotor 45 allows the drive motor 47 to be positioned away from the steel component 14, ensuring the normal operation of the drive motor 47 and reducing the impact of temperature on the equipment.

[0033] The clamp 3 can be moved along the horizontal direction of the base 11 to the vertical radial direction of the stamper 13, thereby enabling the clamp 3 and the conveyor 4 to move closer to the forging machine 1 or further away from the forging machine 1 as a whole.

[0034] A heating furnace is provided in the radial direction of the stamper 13 of the forging machine 1, and a heating lance and a hot air lance or an electric heating coil and a hot air lance are provided directly below the outside of the support 12. Heating lances and hot air lances, or electric heating coils and hot air lances, are used as two combined devices in groups. They can continuously keep the steel workpiece 14 warm during the forging process by using fuel lances, thereby reducing the cooling rate and extending the processing time. Electric heating coils are mostly used in the machining of bar-shaped materials in shafts, while the heating method of fuel lances can be used in the forging process of different shapes.

[0035] A special steel forging method based on a special steel forging device includes the following steps: Step 1: Heating the steel billet. The steel billet is heated to the corresponding temperature according to the billet heating requirements. Step 2: Loading forging. After heating, the clamp 35 clamps out the steel part 14 formed by the heated steel billet. After the clamping is stable, the transmission chain 46 is attached to the outside of the steel part 14, and the clamp 35 is released to transport the steel part 14 directly below the stamping head 2. Step 3: Forging the steel billet. The stamping device 13 is started, and the stamping head 2 is used to squeeze and impact the steel part 14 downwards to forge the steel part 14, remove impurities and perform preliminary shaping. During the shaping process, the heating gun or electric heating coil heats and keeps the steel part 14 warm to ensure the stability of the stamping and extrusion effect. The hot air gun inputs hot air to the stamping part to blow away the oxide layer and impurity layer that are hammered off. During the forging process, the forging position of the steel part 14 is adjusted by the left and right drive of the transmission chain 46. The drive 47 drives the rotating wheel 45 to rotate, which in turn drives the transmission chain 46 to move left and right. The steel part 14 is clamped and moves back and forth under the stamping head 2 to receive hammer blows, which facilitates processing. Step 4: Shaping and blanking. After the stamping and forging is completed, the clamp 35 is released, the drive 47 is started, and the transmission chain 46 drives the steel part 14 to move downwards to achieve blanking. Step 5: Quenching and tempering. The blanked steel part 14 is reheated. After heating, quenching and tempering processes are carried out according to the size of the steel part and the application scenario to ensure the overall hardness and physical properties of the steel part 14.

[0036] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forging apparatus for special steel forgings, comprising a forging machine (1) for forging and shaping, characterized in that: The forging part of the forging machine (1) is equipped with a replaceable stamping head (2), the outside of the forging machine (1) is equipped with a clamp (3), and the inside of the clamp (3) is equipped with a conveyor (4). The forging machine (1) includes a base (11) on which a stamper (13) is mounted. The stamping head (2) includes a fixed head (21), a sleeve (23) is sleeved on the outside of the fixed head (21), a closure (25) is fitted on the outside of the sleeve (23), and the fixed head (21) is fitted at the bottom end of the stamper (13). Each of the clamps (3) includes a slide rail (31) fixed to the outside of the base (11). The slide rails (31) are arranged in pairs. Each slide rail (31) has a set of jaws (35) arranged on the inner side along the vertical and horizontal directions. The clamps (3) located on one side of the forging machine (1) use four sets of jaws (35). The two adjacent sets of jaws (35) are symmetrically arranged with the two sets of jaws on the other side. The slide rail (31) is equipped with a guide rail (33) that can be raised and lowered. The guide rail (33) is equipped with a sliding frame that can slide left and right. The outer side of the sliding frame is equipped with a fixing member (34). The outermost part of the fixing member (34) is hinged to the jaws (35). An assembly frame is mounted on the outer side of the fastener (34), and the conveyor (4) is mounted on the outer side of the assembly frame. The conveyor (4) includes a bracket (41), a sliding guide rail (42) is welded and assembled on the inner side of the bracket (41), a lifting and lowering fixing member (43) is assembled inside the sliding guide rail (42), a group of rotating wheels (45) is assembled on the inner side of the fixing member (43), and a transmission chain (46) is sleeved on the outer side of the rotating wheel (45). The number of the rotating wheels (45) used is 3 sets, and the rotating wheels (45) are combined into a triangle in the vertical direction. A sliding member (44) is installed on the outside of each set of rotating wheels (45). The outside of the sliding member (44) is installed inside the fixing member (43). A drive motor (47) is installed on the outside of the topmost rotating wheel (45).

2. The forging apparatus for special steel forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (11) is equipped with a bracket (12) on top, and the stamper (13) is mounted at the center of the bracket (12) on top of the base. A stamping table is mounted at the bottom of the stamping head (2) and the stamper (13) in a position directly corresponding to the stamper (13). The steel part (14) to be processed is clamped between the stamping head (2) and the stamping table.

3. The forging apparatus for special steel forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the fixing head (21) is provided with a screw hole (22), and the top of the kit (23) and the closure (25) is provided with a sleeve hole (26).

4. A forging apparatus for special steel forgings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outer side of the kit (23) is provided with a docking groove (24), and the closure (25) is inserted into the inside of the docking groove (24).

5. The forging apparatus for special steel forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydraulic rod is hinged between the fixing member (34) and the outer wall of the gripper (35). A telescopic rod (32) is mounted on the vertical direction of the guide rail (33). A hydraulic rod is also mounted between the inner side of the guide rail (33) and the sliding frame.

6. The forging apparatus for special steel forgings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slider (44) at the top is fitted with an adjuster (48) facing upward.

7. A forging apparatus for special steel forgings according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heating furnace is provided in the radial direction of the stamper (13) of the forging machine (1), and a heating gun and a hot air gun or an electric heating coil and a hot air gun are provided directly below the outside of the support (12).

8. A special steel forging method based on the special steel forging apparatus according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising the following methods: Step 1: Heat the steel billet to the corresponding temperature; Step 2: Forging and heating. After heating, the clamp (35) clamps out the steel part (14) formed by heating the billet. After the clamp is stable, the transmission chain (46) is attached to the outside of the steel part (14), and the clamp (35) is released to transfer the steel part (14) directly below the stamping head (2). Step 3: Forging steel part (14), the stamper (13) is started, and the stamping head (2) is used to squeeze and impact the steel part (14) downwards, forging the steel part (14) to remove impurities and perform preliminary shaping. During the shaping process, the heating gun or electric heating coil heats and keeps the steel part (14) warm to ensure the stability of the stamping and extrusion effect. The hot air gun inputs hot air to the stamping part to blow away the oxide layer and impurity layer that are hammered off. During the forging process, the forging position of the steel part (14) is adjusted by the left and right drive of the transmission chain (46). Step 4: Shaping and unloading. After the stamping and forging are completed, the gripper (35) is released, the drive machine (47) is started, and the transmission chain (46) drives the steel part (14) to the downward direction to realize unloading. Step 5: Quenching and tempering. The steel part (14) after cutting is heated again. After heating, quenching and tempering processes are carried out according to the size of the steel part and the application scenario to ensure the overall physical properties of the steel part (14).

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