An antenna system and base station

Abstract

The application provides an antenna system and a base station. The antenna system comprises a frequency selective surface, a first frequency band radiation unit, a second frequency band radiation unit and a third frequency band radiation unit. The working frequency band of the first frequency band radiation unit is smaller than that of the second frequency band radiation unit, and the working frequency band of the first frequency band radiation unit is smaller than that of the second frequency band radiation unit. The first frequency band radiation unit is arranged on the side of the second frequency band radiation unit, and a preset interval is arranged between the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit. The first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit are arranged on one side of the frequency selective surface, and the third frequency band radiation unit is arranged on the other side of the frequency selective surface. The frequency selective surface is used for reflecting the signals of the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit, and transmitting the signal of the third frequency band radiation unit. The antenna system has a compact structure, high integration, and can reduce the size of the antenna system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to an antenna system and a base station. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of wireless communication technology, the communication frequency bands that can be supported by the base station are more and more, and therefore the structure of the base station antenna is more and more complex. A single antenna surface needs to integrate a plurality of frequency band antenna arrays and feed networks, so that the integration degree of the antenna of a single antenna surface is also higher and higher.

[0003] In the prior art, in order to realize high integration of the antenna system, a plurality of frequency band antenna unit arrays are integrated into an antenna system to form a multi-frequency band antenna system. The traditional multi-frequency band integration design is to place the radiation units of different frequency bands in different columns to reduce mutual shielding and ensure the performance of each frequency band antenna, but the disadvantage is that the space cannot be fully utilized and the volume is too large. At present, the research on small multi-mode antenna integration design mainly focuses on dual frequency bands. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides an antenna system and a base station, which at least includes three frequency band radiation unit arrays. The signal quality of the antenna system is good, and the integration degree is high.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna system, which includes a frequency selective surface, a first frequency band radiation unit, a second frequency band radiation unit and a third frequency band radiation unit. The working frequency band of the first frequency band radiation unit is smaller than the working frequency band of the second frequency band radiation unit, and the working frequency band of the first frequency band radiation unit is smaller than the working frequency band of the second frequency band radiation unit. The first frequency band radiation unit is arranged on the side of the second frequency band radiation unit, and a predetermined distance is provided between the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit. The first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit are arranged on one side of the frequency selective surface, and the third frequency band radiation unit is arranged on the other side of the frequency selective surface. Specifically, the third frequency band radiation unit can be arranged on the back side of the frequency selective surface. The frequency selective surface is used to reflect the signals of the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit, and to transmit the signals of the third frequency band radiation unit. The technical solution of the present application can realize the coexistence of multi-frequency band antenna radiation units, and the structure of the antenna system is compact, the integration degree is high, and the size of the antenna system can be reduced.

[0006] In a specific technical solution, the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit are located in the same plane. Therefore, the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit interfere with each other less, which is conducive to improving the strength of the radiation signals of the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit.

[0007] In a further technical solution, the first frequency band radiating unit includes a first radiating arm, and the first radiating arm includes a first choke structure, which is configured to pass signals of the third frequency band radiating unit through the first frequency band radiating unit. The signals emitted by the third frequency band radiating unit can pass through the first frequency band radiating unit, so as to improve the strength of the signals emitted by the third frequency band radiating unit and improve the antenna gain of the third frequency band radiating unit.

[0008] The antenna system further includes a feeding column, and the first frequency band radiating unit is coupled to the feeding column. The feeding column is configured to feed power to the first frequency band radiating unit. The feeding column includes a feeding sheet at one end of the feeding column that faces the first frequency band radiating unit. The feeding sheet is coupled to the first frequency band radiating unit. The feeding sheet has a first frequency selective periodic pattern, which is configured to transmit signals of the third frequency band radiating unit. This solution can prevent the feeding sheet from blocking the signals of the third frequency band radiating unit, so as to improve the strength of the signals of the third frequency band radiating unit and improve the antenna gain.

[0009] In a technical solution, the antenna system further includes a parasitic wall, which is arranged on the side of the first frequency band radiating unit and is configured to converge the beam width of the first frequency band radiating unit. The parasitic wall has a second frequency selective periodic pattern, which is configured to transmit signals of the third frequency band radiating unit. This solution can prevent the parasitic wall from blocking the signals of the third frequency band radiating unit, so as to improve the strength of the signals of the third frequency band radiating unit and improve the antenna gain.

[0010] The antenna system can further include a distributed capacitance, which is arranged on the first frequency band radiating unit. The first frequency band radiating unit includes a first radiating arm, and the distributed capacitance can be arranged at the end of the first radiating arm. In a specific technical solution, the distributed capacitance includes a second choke structure, which is configured to pass signals of the third frequency band radiating unit through the distributed capacitance. The signals (electromagnetic waves) emitted by the third frequency band radiating unit can pass through the distributed capacitance, so as to improve the strength of the signals emitted by the third frequency band radiating unit and improve the antenna gain of the third frequency band radiating unit.

[0011] In a specific technical solution, the first frequency band radiating unit includes four first radiating arms, which are arranged in a ring shape with their ends connected to each other in sequence. Adjacent two first radiating arms have a gap therebetween, and adjacent two distributed capacitances are integrated. When the distributed capacitance is regarded as an integrated structure, the distributed capacitance is arranged in the gap between the adjacent two first radiating arms.

[0012] The second frequency band radiation unit includes a second radiation arm, and the second radiation arm includes a third choke structure for passing signals of the third frequency band radiation unit. The signals (electromagnetic waves) emitted by the third frequency band radiation unit can pass through the second frequency band radiation unit, so as to improve the strength of the signals emitted by the third frequency band radiation unit and improve the antenna gain of the third frequency band radiation unit.

[0013] The antenna system can further include a director arranged on the side of the second frequency band radiation unit away from the frequency selective surface, for adjusting the beam width of the second frequency band radiation unit. The director includes a fourth choke structure for passing signals of the third frequency band radiation unit. This solution can prevent the director from blocking the signals of the third frequency band radiation unit, so as to improve the strength of the signals of the third frequency band radiation unit and the antenna gain.

[0014] In an alternative solution, the first frequency band radiation unit is annular. Alternatively, the first radiation arm of the first frequency band radiation unit is arranged in an annular direction.

[0015] When the frequency selective surface is formed, the pattern of the frequency selective surface can be formed on one side surface of a dielectric plate, and the other side surface of the dielectric plate forms a feed network for feeding the first frequency band radiation unit. The feed network is formed on the frequency selective surface, so as to prevent the feed network from blocking the signals of the third frequency band radiation unit, so as to improve the strength of the signals of the third frequency band radiation unit and the antenna gain.

[0016] In a second aspect, the application further provides a base station including a mounting frame and the antenna system of the first aspect, and the antenna system is mounted on the mounting frame. The antenna system includes at least three frequency band radiation unit arrays. The antenna system has good signal quality and high integration, and the base station can be provided with a large number of antenna systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A system architecture diagram suitable for the embodiments of the application;

[0018] Figure 2 A structure diagram of the base station of a possible embodiment of the application;

[0019] Figure 3 A composition diagram of the antenna system of a possible embodiment of the application;

[0020] Figure 4 A composition diagram of the antenna system of a possible embodiment of the application;

[0021] Figure 5A lateral structure schematic diagram of an antenna system according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 6 A structure schematic diagram of a choke structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 7 An equivalent circuit diagram of a choke structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 8 A structure schematic diagram of a first frequency band radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 9 A structure schematic diagram of a distributed capacitance according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 10 A structure schematic diagram of a first frequency band radiating unit and a distributed capacitance according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 11 A structure schematic diagram of a first frequency band radiating unit and a distributed capacitance according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 12 A structure schematic diagram of a feed column according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 13 A structure schematic diagram of a parasitic wall according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 14 A structure schematic diagram of a second frequency band radiating unit according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 15 A structure schematic diagram of a director according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 16 A side pattern schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 17 Another side pattern schematic diagram of a frequency selective surface according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Reference signs:

[0035] 1 - antenna system; 11 - antenna cover;

[0036] 12 - radiating unit array; 13 - reflecting plate;

[0037] 14 - feed network; 141 - transmission component;

[0038] 142 - calibration network; 143 - phase shifter;

[0039] 144 - combiner; 145 - filter;

[0040] 15 - frequency selective surface; 16 - first frequency band radiating unit;

[0041] 161 - first radiating arm; 162 - first choke structure;

[0042] 17 - second frequency band radiating unit; 171 - second radiating arm;

[0043] 172 - third choke structure; 18 - third frequency band radiating unit;

[0044] 19 - distributed capacitance; 191 - second choke structure;

[0045] 110 - feeding column; 1101 - first feeding rod;

[0046] 1102 - second feeding rod; 1103 - feeding sheet;

[0047] 111 - parasitic wall; 112 - director;

[0048] 1121 - fourth choke structure; 2 - mounting frame;

[0049] 3 - antenna adjusting support; 4 - radio frequency processing unit;

[0050] 5 - baseband processing unit; 6 - cable;

[0051] 7 - choke structure; 71 - metal sheet;

[0052] 72 - first slit; 73 - second slit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to facilitate the understanding of the antenna system and the base station provided by the embodiments of the present application, the application scenarios thereof are introduced as follows. Figure 1 Exemplarily shown, as Figure 1As shown, this application scenario can include base stations and terminals. Wireless communication can be achieved between the base station and the terminal. The base station can be located in a base station bubsystem (BBS), a UMTS terrestrial radio access network (UTRAN), or an evolved terrestrial radio access network (E-UTRAN), used for cell coverage of radio signals to enable communication between the terminal device and the wireless network. Specifically, the base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an evolved Node B (eNB or eNodeB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the base station can be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable device, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited thereto.

[0054] Figure 2 A possible structural diagram of a base station antenna feeding system is shown. A base station antenna feeding system typically includes an antenna system 1, a mounting frame 2, and an antenna adjustment bracket 3. The base station antenna system 1 includes an radome 11, which possesses excellent electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics in terms of electrical performance and can withstand the effects of harsh external environments in terms of mechanical performance, thus protecting the antenna system 1 from external environmental influences. The antenna system 1 can be mounted on the mounting frame 2 via the antenna adjustment bracket 3 to facilitate signal reception or transmission. The mounting frame 2 can specifically be a pole or a tower.

[0055] Additionally, the base station may include a radio frequency (RF) processing unit 4 and a baseband processing unit 5. For example, the RF processing unit 4 can be used to perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the signal received by the antenna system 1, converting it into an intermediate frequency (IF) signal or a baseband signal and sending it to the baseband processing unit 5. Alternatively, the RF processing unit 4 can be used to up-convert and amplify the IF signal from the baseband processing unit 5 and then convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna system 1 for transmission. The baseband processing unit 5 can be connected to the feed network of the antenna system 1 via the RF processing unit 4. In some embodiments, the RF processing unit 4 may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU), and the baseband processing unit 5 may also be referred to as a baseband unit (BBU).

[0056] In one possible embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the radio frequency processing unit 4 can be integrated with the antenna system 1, and the baseband processing unit 5 is located at the far end of the antenna system 1. In some other embodiments, the radio frequency processing unit 4 and the baseband processing unit 5 can also be located at the far end of the antenna system 1 simultaneously. The radio frequency processing unit 4 and the baseband processing unit 5 can be connected via a cable 6.

[0057] More specifically, please refer to the following: Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the composition of an antenna system according to a possible embodiment of this application. Wherein, as... Figure 3 As shown, the antenna system 1 of the base station may include a radiating element array 12 and a reflector 13. The radiating element array 12, also known as an antenna element, is capable of effectively transmitting or receiving antenna signals. In the antenna system 1, the frequencies of different radiating element arrays 12 may be the same or different. The reflector 13, also known as a base plate, antenna panel, or reflective surface, may be made of metal. When the antenna system 1 receives a signal, the reflector 13 reflects and focuses the antenna signal onto the receiving point. When the antenna system 1 transmits a signal, it reflects and transmits the signal incident on the reflector 13. The radiating element array 12 is typically placed on one side of the reflector 13, which not only greatly enhances the signal reception or transmission capability of the antenna system 1 but also blocks and shields interference from other electromagnetic waves originating from the back of the reflector 13 (in this application, the back of the reflector 13 refers to the side opposite to where the radiating element array 12 is located) on the antenna signal reception.

[0058] In the antenna system 1 of the base station, the array of radiating elements 12 is connected to a feed network 14. The feed network 14 is usually composed of controlled impedance transmission lines, which can feed signals to the array of radiating elements 12 with certain amplitudes and phases, or send the received signals to the baseband processing unit 5 of the base station with certain amplitudes and phases. Specifically, in some embodiments, the feed network 14 can realize different radiation beam pointing through a transmission component 141, or be connected to a calibration network 142 to obtain the calibration signals required by the system. A phase shifter 143 can be included in the feed network 14 to change the maximum direction of the antenna signal radiation. Some modules for expanding performance can also be provided in the feed network 14, such as a combiner 144, which can be used to combine signals of different frequencies into one path for transmission through the antenna system 1; or in reverse use, can be used to divide the signals received by the antenna system 1 into multiple paths according to different frequencies for transmission to the baseband processing unit 5 for processing, and a filter 145 for filtering out interference signals.

[0059] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the present application is usually placed during use, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0060] In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second", and "third" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0061] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components must be absolutely horizontal or vertical, but can be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly inclined.

[0062] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the composition of the antenna system of one possible embodiment of the present application, Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the lateral structure of the antenna system of one possible embodiment of the present application. As Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the antenna system 1 of the base station comprises a frequency selective surface (FSS) 15, a first frequency band radiating unit 16, a second frequency band radiating unit 17 and a third frequency band radiating unit 18. The working frequency band of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 is smaller than that of the second frequency band radiating unit 17, and the working frequency band of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 is smaller than that of the second frequency band radiating unit 17. In a specific embodiment, the first frequency band radiating unit 16 is a low-frequency radiating unit, for example, the frequency band of the radiated signal of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 is 690MHz-960MHz; the second frequency band radiating unit 17 is a medium-frequency radiating unit, for example, the frequency band of the radiated signal of the second frequency band radiating unit 17 is 1710MHz-2190MHz or 1710MHz-2700MHz, etc.; and the third frequency band radiating unit 18 is a high-frequency radiating unit, for example, the frequency band of the radiated signal of the third frequency band radiating unit 18 is 3400MHz-3800MHz or 4800MHz-5000MHz, etc.

[0063] The first frequency band radiating unit 16 is arranged on the side of the second frequency band radiating unit 17, or in other words, the second frequency band radiating unit 17 is nested in the first frequency band radiating unit 16. The first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the second frequency band radiating unit 17 have a predetermined distance, and specifically, the orthographic projection of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the second frequency band radiating unit 17 on the frequency selective surface 15 does not overlap, thereby reducing the overlap between the radiated beams of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the second frequency band radiating unit 17 and reducing the interference therebetween.

[0064] The frequency selective surface 15 comprises a periodic array structure composed of a large number of passive resonant units, which forms the effect of total reflection or total transmission at a specified frequency. When the antenna is arranged, the first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the second frequency band radiating unit 17 are arranged on one side of the frequency selective surface 15, and the second frequency band radiating unit 17 is arranged on the other side of the frequency selective surface 15; and the frequency selective surface 15 is used to reflect the signals of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the second frequency band radiating unit 17, serving as a reflector for the first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the second frequency band radiating unit 17. In addition, the frequency selective surface 15 is also used to transmit the signals of the third frequency band radiating unit 18, so that the third frequency band radiating unit 18 can radiate signals through the frequency selective surface 15, so that the third frequency band radiating unit 18 can work normally.

[0065] The technical scheme of the present application can realize the coexistence of multi-frequency antenna radiating units, and the structure of the antenna system is compact and has high integration, which can reduce the size of the antenna system.

[0066] In specific embodiments, the antenna system may include multiple first-band radiating elements 16, which may be arranged in an array. Similarly, it may also include multiple second-band radiating elements 17, which may also be arranged in an array. Similarly, it may also include multiple third-band radiating elements 18, which may also be arranged in an array. Furthermore, when the antenna system includes multiple first-band radiating elements 16 and multiple second-band radiating elements 17, the number of the multiple first-band radiating elements 16 and the number of the multiple second-band radiating elements 17 may be the same or different; this application does not impose any limitation on this. Moreover, the multiple first-band radiating elements 16 and the multiple second-band radiating elements 17 may or may not be configured in a one-to-one correspondence; this application also does not impose any limitation on this.

[0067] When specifically configuring the first frequency band radiating element 16 and the second frequency band radiating element 17, they can be located in the same plane or in different planes. When the first frequency band radiating element 16 and the second frequency band radiating element 17 are located in the same plane, there is less interference between them, which helps to improve the intensity of the radiated signals from the antenna system.

[0068] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of the first frequency band radiating unit in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the first frequency band radiating element 16 has a first radiating arm 161 for radiating signals. The first radiating arm 161 includes a first choke structure 162, which allows the first frequency band radiating element 16 to pass signals from the third frequency band radiating element 18. The first frequency band radiating element 16 exhibits transmission characteristics to the signals from the third frequency band radiating element 18. That is, the signals (electromagnetic waves) emitted by the third frequency band radiating element 18 can pass through the first frequency band radiating element 16, thereby increasing the intensity of the radiated signal from the first frequency band radiating element 16 and improving its antenna gain.

[0069] When high-frequency and low-frequency radiating elements coexist, the low-frequency radiating element operates at a shorter frequency than the high-frequency radiating element. Therefore, the low-frequency radiating element is often larger and taller than the high-frequency radiating element. This makes the low-frequency radiating element act as a larger scatterer of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves emitted by the high-frequency radiating element, causing complex scattering and distortion of the high-frequency radiation pattern. This is because the size of the low-frequency radiating element is larger than a quarter wavelength of the high-frequency wave. When the high-frequency electromagnetic wave radiates, it induces a secondary radiation current in the low-frequency radiating element, i.e., scattering. The terms "low-frequency" and "high-frequency" refer to a relative relationship, not absolute frequency bands, where the lower frequency is considered low-frequency and the higher frequency is considered high-frequency. Choke structures can eliminate this influence of the low-frequency radiating element on the high-frequency electromagnetic waves of the high-frequency radiating element by using special patterns or structures that have passband or transmission characteristics for high-frequency electromagnetic waves (i.e., appearing approximately or completely transparent or non-existent to high-frequency electromagnetic waves).

[0070] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the choke structure in this application. Figure 8 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the choke structure in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the choke structure 7 in this embodiment may include a metal sheet 71, on which a slit is formed. Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the slits form a U-shaped pattern, specifically including a first slit 72 at the bottom and two second slits 73 connected to the two ends of the first slit 72. When an electric field is irradiated along an extension direction perpendicular to the first slit 72, the first slit 72 can be equivalent to a slit capacitor, while the two second slits 73 can be equivalent to two inductors (a first inductor and a second inductor). Therefore, the equivalent current diagram of the choke structure 7 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, the admittance parameters can be obtained from the circuit model of the choke structure 7:

[0071]

[0072] Where Y is the admittance parameter, C1 is the capacitance, L1 is the first inductance, L2 is the second inductance, ω is the angular frequency, ω = 2πf, and f is the reference frequency. From this equation, it can be seen that the circuit has one open-circuit point and one short-circuit point. That is, the circuit has a short-circuit point at high frequencies and an open-circuit point at low frequencies, which is equivalent to an open circuit or wave transmission. Its bandwidth is affected by the Q value of the resonant circuit. Therefore, the inductance value can be adjusted by adjusting the length and width of the L1 and L2 metal strips, and the capacitance value can be adjusted by adjusting the gap spacing and the width of the L1 metal strip, thereby adjusting the bandwidth.

[0073] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a distributed capacitor structure in one embodiment of this application. Figure 10This is a schematic diagram of a first-band radiating unit and distributed capacitance in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the antenna system also includes a distributed capacitor 19, which can also be called a parallel-plate capacitor. This distributed capacitor 19 is disposed in the first frequency band radiating element 16. Specifically, the distributed capacitor 19 is disposed at the end of the first radiating arm 161 of the first frequency band radiating element 16 to improve the impedance matching of the first frequency band radiating element 16. The distributed capacitor 19 may include a second choke structure 191, which is used to allow the distributed capacitor 19 to pass the signal from the third frequency band radiating element 18. The distributed capacitor 19 exhibits transmission characteristics for the signal from the third radiating element. That is, the signal (electromagnetic wave) emitted by the third frequency band radiating element 18 can pass through the distributed capacitor 19, thereby increasing the intensity of the radiated signal from the third frequency band radiating element 18 and improving the antenna gain of the third frequency band radiating element 18.

[0074] Please combine Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The first frequency band radiating unit 16 includes four first radiating arms 161, which are arranged in a ring shape with their ends facing each other. There is a gap between two adjacent first radiating arms 161, and two adjacent distributed capacitors 19 are an integral structure. When the above-mentioned distributed capacitors 19 are regarded as an integral structure, the distributed capacitors 19 are disposed in the gap between two adjacent first radiating arms 161.

[0075] Please combine Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The distributed capacitor 19 and the first frequency band radiation unit 16 are stacked. Specifically, when forming the distributed capacitor 19 and the first frequency band radiation unit 16, the distributed capacitor 19 and the first frequency band radiation unit 16 can be formed on both sides of the dielectric substrate, respectively.

[0076] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another structure for the first frequency band radiating unit and distributed capacitance in the embodiments of this application. Figure 11 In the embodiment shown, the first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the distributed capacitor 19 can also be disposed on the same side of the distributed capacitor 19. This scheme allows the first frequency band radiating unit 16 and the distributed capacitor 19 to be fabricated in a single process, thereby simplifying the fabrication process.

[0077] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 5 In this embodiment of the application, the antenna system further includes a feed post 110, and the first frequency band radiating element 16 is coupled to the feed post 110. The feed post 110 is used to feed the first frequency band radiating element 16. Figure 12This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the feed post in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the feed post 110 includes a first feed rod 1101, a second feed rod 1102, and a feed piece 1103, which are connected sequentially. In one specific embodiment, the diameter of the first feed piece 1103 is larger than the diameters of the first feed rod 1101 and the second feed rod 1102, and the diameter of the second feed rod 1102 is larger than the diameter of the first feed rod 1101. The feed piece 1103 is capacitively coupled to the first frequency band radiating unit 16, mainly controlling the low-frequency resonant point of the first frequency band radiating unit 16. The first feed rod 1101 and the second feed rod 1102 are equivalent to two inductors, mainly controlling the high-frequency resonant point of the first frequency band radiating unit 16.

[0078] The aforementioned feed plate 1103 has a first frequency-selective periodic pattern for transmitting the signal of the third-band radiating element 18. This design prevents the feed plate 1103 from blocking the signal of the third-band radiating element 18, thereby improving the signal strength and antenna gain of the third-band radiating element 18.

[0079] When specifically setting the above-mentioned feed post 110, it can be set according to the polarization direction of the first frequency band radiation unit 16. For example, if the first frequency band radiation unit 16 is a ±45° dual-polarized radiation unit, then the first frequency band radiation unit 16 is coupled to four feed posts 110, and the four feed posts 110 are located at both ends of the diagonal of the first frequency band radiation unit 16.

[0080] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 5 The antenna in this embodiment further includes a parasitic wall 111, which is disposed around the periphery of the first frequency band radiating element 16 to converge the beamwidth of the first frequency band radiating element 16. Because the effective current path of the first frequency band radiating element 16 changes drastically across a wide frequency band, it easily causes drastic beam variations. Since the total length of the first frequency band radiating element 16 remains constant, the effective path is too long for relatively high-frequency signals, leading to pattern distortion. By setting the parasitic wall 111, this problem can be effectively improved.

[0081] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a parasitic wall structure in one embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 13 As shown in the specific embodiment, the parasitic wall 111 has a second frequency-selective periodic pattern for transmitting the signal of the third-band radiating element 18. This scheme can prevent the parasitic wall 111 from blocking the signal of the third-band radiating element 18, thereby improving the signal strength and antenna gain of the third-band radiating element 18.

[0082] It is worth noting that, in the embodiments of this application, the frequency selection periodic patterns set on different structures can be the same or different, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this. For example, the first frequency selection periodic pattern on the feed plate 1103 and the second frequency selection periodic pattern on the parasitic wall 111 can be the same or different, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0083] Specifically, when setting the parasitic wall 111, the parasitic wall 111 extends a predetermined distance towards the side of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 away from the frequency selection surface 15, thereby converging the beam of the first frequency band radiating unit 16. In the specific setting of the parasitic wall 111, it can be fixed to the frequency selection surface 15. Alternatively, in another embodiment, the parasitic wall 111 can be formed on a dielectric substrate, which is fixed to the frequency selection surface 15. The parasitic wall 111 is only formed in the region of the dielectric substrate on the side of the first frequency band radiating unit 16 away from the frequency selection surface 15, or in the region close to the first frequency band radiating unit 16.

[0084] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second frequency band radiating unit in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 14 As shown, in one embodiment, the second-band radiating element 17 has a second radiating arm 171 for radiating signals. The second radiating arm 171 includes a third choke structure 172, which allows the second-band radiating element 17 to transmit signals from the third-band radiating element 18. The second-band radiating element 17 exhibits transmission characteristics to the signals from the third-band radiating element 18. That is, the signals (electromagnetic waves) emitted by the third-band radiating element 18 can pass through the second-band radiating element 17, thereby increasing the intensity of the radiated signal and improving the antenna gain of the third-band radiating element 18.

[0085] Figure 14 In the embodiment shown, the second frequency band radiation unit 17 is in the form of a cross dipole. In other embodiments, the second frequency band radiation unit 17 can also be ring-shaped. This application does not impose any restrictions on this, as long as it can be nested within the first frequency band radiation unit 16.

[0086] Figure 14 As shown, in a specific embodiment, the third choke structure 172 is a metal stub loaded on both sides of the second radiating arm 171. The connection between the metal stub and the second radiating arm 171 is equivalent to an inductor. There is a gap between the metal stub and the second radiating arm 171, which is equivalent to a gap capacitor.

[0087] like Figure 5As shown, the antenna system also includes a director 112, which is disposed on the side of the second-band radiating element 17 opposite to the frequency selective surface 15, and is used to adjust the beamwidth of the second-band radiating element 17. Specifically, the beamwidth of the second-band radiating element 17 can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the director 112 and the distance between the director 112 and the second-band radiating element 17. Since the roll-off of the frequency selective surface 15 on the left side of the passband is not steep enough, it is equivalent to a non-ideal reflector for the second-band radiating element 17, with its reflection phase deviating by 180°, resulting in an excessively wide beamwidth of the second-band radiating element 17 relative to the high-frequency portion. Adding the director 112 can greatly improve this problem.

[0088] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of one structure of the director in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 15 As shown in the specific embodiment, the director 112 includes a fourth choke structure 1121 for enabling the director 112 to pass the signal of the third band radiating element 18. This solution can prevent the director 112 from blocking the signal of the third band radiating element 18, thereby improving the signal strength and antenna gain of the third band radiating element 18.

[0089] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the frequency selection surface in an embodiment of this application. Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the pattern on the other side of the frequency selection surface in an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 16 As shown, a periodic pattern of frequency selection surface 15 is formed on one side surface of the dielectric substrate. Figure 17 As shown, a feed network can be formed on the other side of the dielectric substrate to feed the first band radiating element 16. In this scheme, the feed network is formed on the frequency selective surface 15, which can prevent the feed network from blocking the signal of the third band radiating element 18, thereby improving the signal strength and antenna gain of the third band radiating element 18.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the antenna system described above can be formed within a radome to improve the integration of the antenna system and facilitate installation.

[0091] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application also intends to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An antenna system, characterized in that, It includes a frequency-selective surface, a first-band radiating element, a second-band radiating element, and a third-band radiating element, wherein: The operating frequency band of the first frequency band radiation unit is smaller than that of the second frequency band radiation unit, and the operating frequency band of the second frequency band radiation unit is smaller than that of the third frequency band radiation unit; The first frequency band radiation unit is disposed on the periphery of the second frequency band radiation unit, and there is a preset distance between the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit; The first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit are disposed on one side of the frequency selection surface, and the third frequency band radiation unit is disposed on the other side of the frequency selection surface; The frequency selective surface is used to reflect the signals of the first frequency band radiation unit and the second frequency band radiation unit, and to transmit the signal of the third frequency band radiation unit.

2. The antenna system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first frequency band radiation element and the second frequency band radiation element are located on the same plane.

3. The antenna system as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first frequency band radiation unit includes a first radiation arm, and the first radiation arm includes a first choke structure, which is used to allow the first frequency band radiation unit to transmit the signal of the third frequency band radiation unit.

4. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, It also includes a feed post, to which the first frequency band radiating unit is coupled and connected, and the feed post is used to feed the first frequency band radiating unit; the feed post includes a feed plate, which is located at one end of the feed post facing the first frequency band radiating unit, and the feed plate has a first frequency-selective periodic pattern for transmitting the signal of the third frequency band radiating unit.

5. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, It also includes a parasitic wall, which is disposed around the periphery of the first frequency band radiation unit to converge the beamwidth of the first frequency band radiation unit; the parasitic wall has a second frequency-selective periodic pattern for transmitting the signal of the third frequency band radiation unit.

6. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, It also includes a distributed capacitor disposed in the first frequency band radiation unit; the first frequency band radiation unit includes a first radiation arm, and the distributed capacitor is disposed at the end of the first radiation arm; the distributed capacitor includes a second choke structure for transmitting the signal of the third frequency band radiation unit through the distributed capacitor.

7. The antenna system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first frequency band radiating unit includes four first radiating arms, which are arranged in a ring with their ends facing each other. There is a gap between two adjacent first radiating arms, and the two adjacent distributed capacitors are an integral structure.

8. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The second frequency band radiation unit includes a second radiation arm, and the second radiation arm includes a third choke structure, which is used to allow the first frequency band radiation unit to transmit the signal of the third frequency band radiation unit.

9. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, It also includes a director, which is disposed on the side of the second frequency band radiating unit away from the frequency selection surface, for adjusting the beamwidth of the second frequency band radiating unit; the director includes a fourth choke structure for transmitting the signal of the third frequency band radiating unit through the director.

10. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The first frequency band radiating element is ring-shaped.

11. The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The pattern of the frequency selection surface is formed on one side of the dielectric substrate, and a feeding network is formed on the other side of the dielectric substrate. The feeding network is used to feed the first frequency band radiating unit.

12. A base station, characterized in that, It includes a mounting bracket and an antenna system as described in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the antenna system is mounted on the mounting bracket.

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