Method for producing high oleic high purity hybrid rapeseed

Abstract

The application provides a high-oleic high-purity hybrid rape seed production method and belongs to the technical field of hybrid rape seed production. The male parent and the female parent with high oleic acid content and high yield are used for hybridization, F1 with high oil content is obtained, F2 with high oil content is obtained after backcrossing, and the F2 is self-crossed to obtain high-oleic high-purity hybrid rape seed. In the hybridization process, the parent with high acid oil content is selected for two-generation hybridization, the obtained seed has high oleic acid content, the row spacing of the male parent and the female parent is adjusted, the pollen amount of the male parent is improved, the pollination process is controlled, and the seed purity is ensured. Meanwhile, the water and fertilizer in the breeding process are adjusted in a targeted manner, and the yield of the hybrid seed is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hybrid rapeseed seed production technology, and in particular to a method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds. Background Technology

[0002] Rapeseed oil content is a quantitative trait regulated by various fatty acid pathways, and there is a significant positive correlation between oil content and oleic acid content. Oleic acid is a naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acid with high nutritional value and good thermal stability. In terms of nutrition, oleic acid can lower the concentration of low-density lipoprotein in the blood, which is beneficial to the cardiovascular system. Industrially, high-oleic acid oil can be effectively methylated, resulting in higher quality biodiesel.

[0003] The fatty acid composition of rapeseed seeds directly determines the edible quality and nutritional value of rapeseed oil. Oleic acid is an 18-carbon monounsaturated fatty acid. Generally, the oleic acid content in rapeseed seeds is 17-65%, so it is particularly important to further increase the oil content of rapeseed.

[0004] However, rapeseed hybrids can only be grown for one season. If seeds are saved and planted year after year, yields will decrease due to segregation and degeneration of hybrid offspring. Current rapeseed seed breeding technologies suffer from low seed yield, high costs, and poor seed quality, failing to meet planting needs. Therefore, it is necessary to improve rapeseed seed yield and the purity of hybrid seeds. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds, by adopting a suitable hybridization method and adjusting the planting method during the rapeseed seed cultivation process, thereby obtaining a high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seed and increasing seed production yield.

[0006] The present invention relates to a method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select high-yielding rapeseed seeds as the male parent for the first generation of hybridization, and select rapeseed seeds with high oleic acid content as the female parent for the first generation of hybridization, and perform hybridization to obtain the first generation of hybrid seeds F1:

[0008] S1-1. Deeply till the soil in the planting area and apply rapeseed fertilizer;

[0009] S1-2. Plant the female parent to the male parent in a row ratio of 1-2:8-9. Select suitable inflorescences for pollination during the bud stage and remove the male parent in advance after the flowering period.

[0010] S1-3. Spray water on the female parent once a day after pollination, and apply urea once during the vigorous growth period to obtain the first generation of hybrid seeds F1.

[0011] S2. Using the first-generation hybrid seed F1 as the male parent of the second-generation hybrid, backcrossing it with the first-generation hybrid female parent, to obtain the second-generation hybrid seed F2;

[0012] S2-1. Select the F1 generation of the first-generation hybrid seeds as the male parent for the second-generation hybrid;

[0013] S2-2: Backcross the second-generation hybrid male parent from S2-1 with the first-generation hybrid female parent, apply rapeseed fertilizer, plant in interrows, select pollinating flowers, pollinate the female parent, and cut off the male parent in advance after the flowering period.

[0014] S2-3. Spray water on the female parent once a day after pollination, and apply urea once during the vigorous growth period to obtain the second generation hybrid seed F2.

[0015] S3. Self-pollinate the second-generation hybrid seeds, and carry out field management for pest and disease prevention according to conventional methods during cultivation. Harvest the seeds at maturity to obtain high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds.

[0016] Preferably, the male parent of the first-generation hybrid in step S1 is selected from Fengyou 598 and Yangguang 2009, and the female parent of the first-generation hybrid is selected from Yunyouza 15 or Huayou 2133. Before sowing, the purity of the male and female parents is identified. The sterile line and maintainer line of the first-generation hybrid female parent are both 100% pure; the restorer line of the male parent is 100% pure.

[0017] Preferably, the planting area in step S1-1 is a plot of land that has not been planted with rapeseed or other cruciferous crops for more than 5 years, and the surrounding isolation zone has also not been planted with rapeseed or other cruciferous crops.

[0018] Preferably, the culture fertilizer in step S1-1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts superphosphate, 2-3 parts borax, 20-25 parts corn cob, 5-10 parts peanut shell, 5-15 parts humus, 10-20 parts ammonium chloride, 5-10 parts monoammonium phosphate, 5-7 parts superphosphate, and 10-15 parts potassium chloride; the application rate of the culture fertilizer is 40-50 kg per mu.

[0019] Preferably, the pollination in steps S1-2 involves removing the already opened flowers of the male parent plant during the bud stage, leaving the unopened buds as pollinating inflorescences, selecting the main inflorescence and the upper 3-4 unopened inflorescences of the female parent plant, and removing the remaining inflorescences for bagging pollination; and applying foliar fertilizer to the male parent plant during the bud stage, wherein the foliar fertilizer includes 1-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1-0.5% boric acid.

[0020] Preferably, the application rate of urea in steps S1-3 is 5-8 kg per mu;

[0021] Preferably, the specific steps of step S2-1 are as follows: the oil content of the first-generation hybrid seeds F1 is tested, and seeds with full grains, no disease, and an oil content of more than 55% are selected as the second-generation hybrid male parent.

[0022] Preferably, the rapeseed culture fertilizer mentioned in step S2-2 is the same as that mentioned in step S1-1.

[0023] Preferably, the pollination method described in step S2-2 is the same as that in step S1-2.

[0024] Ideally, during the planting process, early-flowering and dioecious plants should be regularly removed from the seedling stage to ensure that every seedling in the field is a high-oleic acid seedling.

[0025] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds. It involves hybridizing high-oleic acid and high-yielding male and female parents to obtain first-generation hybrid seeds with high oil content. After backcrossing, second-generation hybrid seeds with high oil content are obtained. These second-generation hybrid seeds are then self-pollinated to obtain high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds. In the hybridization process, this invention selects parents with high oleic acid content for two generations of hybridization, resulting in seeds with high oil content. Furthermore, the row spacing of the male and female parents is adjusted, and fertilization is applied to the male parent during the bud stage to increase pollen production. Simultaneously, the pollination process is controlled to ensure seed purity. This application makes targeted adjustments to water and fertilizer in the breeding process to improve the yield of hybrid seeds. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds, comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1. Sunshine 2009 was selected as the male parent for the first generation of hybridization, and Huayou 2133 was selected as the female parent for the first generation of hybridization. Hybridization was performed to obtain the first generation of hybrid seeds F1. Before sowing, the purity of the male and female parents was determined. The sterile line and maintainer line of the first generation of hybridization female parent were both 100% pure; the restorer line of the male parent was 100% pure.

[0030] S1-1. Select a plot of land that has not been planted with rapeseed or other cruciferous crops for more than 5 years, and the surrounding isolation zone should also be an area that has not been planted with rapeseed or other cruciferous crops. The soil in the planting area should be deeply tilled and rapeseed fertilizer should be applied. The fertilizer consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts superphosphate, 2 parts borax, 20 parts corn cob, 10 parts peanut shell, 10 parts humus, 10 parts ammonium chloride, 8 parts monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts superphosphate, and 15 parts potassium chloride; apply 40 kg of fertilizer per acre.

[0031] S1-2. Plant the male and female plants in a row ratio of 2:9. During the bud stage, remove the open flowers of the male plant and keep the unopened buds as pollination inflorescences. Select the main inflorescence and the top 3-4 unopened inflorescences of the female plant and remove the rest of the inflorescences for bag pollination. During the bud stage, apply foliar fertilizer to the male plant, which includes 1.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% boric acid. Cut off the male plant before the end of its flowering period.

[0032] S1-3. After pollination, the female parent is sprayed with water once a day, and urea is applied once during the vigorous growth period to obtain the first generation of hybrid seeds F1; the application rate of urea is 5 kg per mu.

[0033] S2. Using the first-generation hybrid seed F1 as the male parent of the second-generation hybrid, backcrossing it with the first-generation hybrid female parent, to obtain the second-generation hybrid seed F2;

[0034] S2-1. The oil content of the first-generation hybrid seeds was tested, and the first-generation hybrid seeds with plump grains and an oil content of more than 55% were selected as the male parent of the second-generation hybrid.

[0035] S2-2. Backcross the second-generation hybrid male parent from S2-1 with the first-generation hybrid female parent, and apply rapeseed fertilizer (same as step 1-1); plant in interrows, select pollinating flowers, pollinate the female parent, and cut off the male parent in advance after the flowering period (same as step S1-2).

[0036] S2-3. After pollination, the female parent is sprayed with water once a day, and urea is applied once during the vigorous growth period to obtain the second-generation hybrid seed F2; the application rate of urea is 5 kg per mu.

[0037] S3. Self-pollinate the second-generation hybrid seeds, and carry out field management for pest and disease prevention in accordance with conventional methods during cultivation. Harvest the seeds at maturity to obtain high-oleic acid and high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds.

[0038] Throughout the planting process, early-flowering and dioecious plants need to be regularly removed from the seedling stage to ensure that every seedling in the field is a high-oleic acid seedling.

[0039] The high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds prepared by this invention have an oil content of 63%, of which the oleic acid content is 89.7%; the seed purity is 96.4%, and the average yield is 217 kg per mu.

[0040] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Select high-yielding rapeseed seeds as the male parent for the first generation of hybridization, and select rapeseed seeds with high oleic acid content as the female parent for the first generation of hybridization, and perform hybridization to obtain the first generation of hybrid seeds F1: S1-1. Deeply till the soil in the planting area and apply rapeseed fertilizer; S1-2. Plant the female parent to the male parent in a row ratio of 1~2:8~9. Select suitable inflorescences for pollination during the bud stage and cut them off in advance after the male parent has finished flowering. S1-3. Spray water on the female parent once a day after pollination, and apply urea once during the vigorous growth period to obtain the first generation of hybrid seeds F1. S2. Using the first-generation hybrid seed F1 as the male parent of the second-generation hybrid, backcrossing it with the first-generation hybrid female parent, to obtain the second-generation hybrid seed F2; S2-1. Select the F1 generation of the first-generation hybrid seeds as the male parent for the second-generation hybrid; S2-2: Backcross the second-generation hybrid male parent from S2-1 with the first-generation hybrid female parent, apply rapeseed fertilizer, plant in interrows, select pollinating flowers, pollinate the female parent, and cut off the male parent in advance after the flowering period. S2-3. Spray water on the female parent once a day after pollination, and apply urea once during the vigorous growth period to obtain the second generation hybrid seed F2. S3. Self-pollinate the second-generation hybrid seeds, and carry out field management for pest and disease prevention in accordance with conventional methods during cultivation. Harvest the seeds at maturity to obtain high-oleic acid and high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds. In step S1-1, the planting area should be a plot of land that has not been planted with rapeseed or other cruciferous crops for more than 5 years, and the surrounding isolation zone should also not have been planted with rapeseed or other cruciferous crops. The culture fertilizer mentioned in step S1-1 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-25 parts superphosphate, 2-3 parts borax, 20-25 parts corn cob, 5-10 parts peanut shell, 5-15 parts humus, 10-20 parts ammonium chloride, 5-10 parts monoammonium phosphate, 5-7 parts superphosphate, and 10-15 parts potassium chloride; the application rate of the culture fertilizer is 40-50 kg per acre. In step S1, the male parent of the first generation of hybrids was selected from Yangguang 2009, and the female parent of the first generation of hybrids was selected from Yunyouza 15 or Huayou 2133. Before sowing, the purity of the male and female parents was identified. The sterile line and maintainer line of the female parent of the first generation of hybrids were both 100% pure; the restorer line of the male parent was 100% pure.

2. The method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollination described in steps S1-2 involves removing the already opened flowers of the male parent plant during the bud stage, leaving the unopened buds as pollination inflorescences, selecting the main inflorescence and the upper 3-4 unopened inflorescences of the female parent plant, and removing the remaining inflorescences for bag pollination; and applying foliar fertilizer to the male parent plant during the bud stage, the foliar fertilizer including 1-2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.1-0.5% boric acid.

3. The method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of urea in steps S1-3 is 5-8 kg per mu.

4. The method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of step S2-1 are as follows: test the oil content of the first-generation hybrid seeds F1, and select seeds with full grains, no diseases, and an oil content of more than 55% as the second-generation hybrid male parent.

5. The method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapeseed culture fertilizer mentioned in step S2-2 is the same as that in step S1-1.

6. The method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pollination method described in step S2-2 is the same as that in step S1-2.

7. The method for producing high-oleic acid, high-purity hybrid rapeseed seeds according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the planting process, early-flowering and heterophytic plants need to be regularly removed from the seedling stage to ensure that every seedling in the field is a high-oleic acid seedling.