A breeding method of high-yield two-rib glutinous barley

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of high-yield two-row glutinous highland barley. The breeding method uses F1 hybrid plants of Longqing No. 1 and C2 as female parents, and uses F1 hybrid plants of Longqing No. 1 and Zhongnuo No. 8 as male parents to carry out hybrid group assembly, and the obtained hybrid is continuously self-crossed to obtain a glutinous highland barley line with stable traits and good comprehensive traits. The breeding method can obtain a high-yield, lodging-resistant, low-plant-height two-row glutinous highland barley, and compared with Zhongnuo No. 8, the two-row glutinous highland barley has reduced plant height, enhanced lodging resistance and equivalent glutinous property.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of crop breeding technology, specifically relating to a breeding method for high-yield two-ridged glutinous highland barley. Background Technology

[0002] As living standards improve, people increasingly prefer to eat whole grains. Coarse grains and delicious, nutritious green foods are becoming the choice of more and more people. Barley, known as the "best whole grain in the world," is also emerging from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in a refreshing way and coming to the tables of the general public.

[0003] Barley, a crop unique to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is the only cereal crop in the world that can grow at altitudes above 4,000 meters. Thanks to its strong adaptability genes, barley not only thrives in the harsh cold and barren conditions of the plateau but also possesses unique nutritional value unlike other crops. For example, the representative glutinous barley has a unique flavor and is rich in nutrients, offering benefits such as lowering blood lipids, maintaining blood sugar balance, inhibiting cholesterol absorption, and reducing cardiovascular disease. Its amylopectin contains a large amount of gel-like mucilage, which becomes weakly alkaline after heating, inhibiting excessive stomach acid and providing relief and barrier protection for lesions. This meets consumers' demands for high-quality, nutritious, safe, and pollution-free healthy food.

[0004] However, the existing glutinous barley plants are relatively tall and have poor lodging resistance, so they cannot simultaneously achieve both high yield and glutinous phenotypic traits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a breeding method for high-yielding two-ridged glutinous barley, which can breed high-yielding, lodging-resistant, low-plant-height two-ridged glutinous barley.

[0006] This invention provides a method for breeding high-yielding two-ridged glutinous highland barley, comprising the following steps:

[0007] 1) Using Longqing 1 as the female parent and C2 and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parents respectively, crossbreeding to harvest F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 respectively.

[0008] 2) After planting the F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1 × C2 and the F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8 respectively, they were self-pollinated to obtain F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × C2 and F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8 respectively.

[0009] 3) Using the F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × C2 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8 as the male parent, hybridize to obtain F0 generation seeds.

[0010] 4) After planting the F0 generation seeds obtained in step 3), self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0011] 5) After planting the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 4), self-pollinate to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds;

[0012] 6) After planting the F2 generation single-plant seeds obtained in step 5), self-pollinate to the F5 generation to obtain F5 generation single-plant seeds;

[0013] 7) After planting the F5 generation single plant seeds described in step 6), self-pollinate to obtain the F6 generation, which is a high-yielding stable line of two-ridged glutinous barley.

[0014] Preferably, the hybridization in steps 1) and 3) includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization includes emasculation, and the number of emasculated ears per plant is 1.

[0015] Preferably, the number of ears to be demasked in step 1) is 6 or more.

[0016] Preferably, in step 3), the number of ears to be demasked is 10 or more.

[0017] Preferably, in step 5), after the F1 generation seeds are planted, the F2 generation plants exhibit phenotypic segregation, and barley seeds are harvested from a single plant.

[0018] Preferably, the self-pollination process of F3-F5 generation in step 6) includes: planting individual plants of the previous generation seeds, selecting individual plants of the offspring with a plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong resistance to lodging and disease, harvesting individual plants and air-drying for preservation.

[0019] Preferably, in step 7), the self-pollinated F6 generation is selected from stable two-row glutinous barley lines with good agronomical morphology, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance. In the stable two-row glutinous barley lines, amylopectin accounts for more than 90% of the total starch by mass.

[0020] Preferably, the breeding method includes conducting strain identification tests on stable strains of two-ridged glutinous highland barley.

[0021] Preferably, the strains with good comprehensive traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared with the control variety are selected through the strain identification test for strain comparison test.

[0022] Preferably, strains with good overall traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control variety are selected through the strain comparison test for regional trials throughout the province.

[0023] Beneficial effects:

[0024] This invention provides a method for breeding high-yield two-ridged glutinous highland barley, comprising the following steps: 1) Using Longqing 1 as the female parent and C2 and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parents, hybridization is performed to harvest F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8, respectively; 2) The F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 are planted and self-pollinated to obtain F1 generation plants of Longqing 1 × C2 and F1 generation plants of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8, respectively; 3) Using Longqing 1... Using the F1 generation plants of ×C2 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent, F0 generation seeds are obtained through hybridization. 4) The F0 generation seeds from step 3) are planted and self-pollinated to obtain F1 generation seeds. 5) The F1 generation seeds from step 4) are planted and self-pollinated to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds. 6) The F2 generation single-plant seeds from step 5) are planted and self-pollinated to the F5 generation to obtain F5 generation single-plant seeds. 7) The F5 generation single-plant seeds from step 6) are planted and self-pollinated to obtain the F6 generation, which is a stable high-yielding two-row glutinous barley line. Through the above breeding method, a high-yielding, lodging-resistant, low-plant-height two-row glutinous barley can be obtained. Compared with Zhongnuo 8, the plant height of the two-row glutinous barley is reduced, the lodging resistance is enhanced, and the glutinousness is comparable; the yield is increased by 6.2% compared with Longqing 1. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This invention provides a method for breeding high-yielding two-ridged glutinous highland barley, comprising the following steps:

[0026] 1) Using Longqing 1 as the female parent and C2 and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parents respectively, crossbreeding to harvest F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 respectively.

[0027] 2) After planting the F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1 × C2 and the F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8 respectively, they were self-pollinated to obtain F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × C2 and F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8 respectively.

[0028] 3) Using the F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × C2 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8 as the male parent, hybridize to obtain F0 generation seeds.

[0029] 4) After planting the F0 generation seeds obtained in step 3), self-pollinate to obtain F1 generation seeds;

[0030] 5) After planting the F1 generation seeds obtained in step 4), self-pollinate to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds;

[0031] 6) After planting the F2 generation single-plant seeds obtained in step 5), self-pollinate to the F5 generation to obtain F5 generation single-plant seeds;

[0032] 7) After planting the F5 generation single plant seeds described in step 6), self-pollinate to obtain the F6 generation, which is a high-yielding stable line of two-ridged glutinous barley.

[0033] Before conducting the aforementioned breeding, this invention preferentially selects high-quality germplasm resources as breeding parents. The agronomic and economic traits selected during the selection process preferably include growth period, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, number of ears, thousand-grain weight, plant type, color change at maturity, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. The selection is conducted through field evaluation. Ultimately, the selected varieties include the two-row yellow glutinous barley “Zhongnuo 8”, the high-quality, high-yielding, lodging-resistant two-row barley “Longqing 1” suitable for mechanized harvesting, and the high-quality two-row barley C2. This invention preferentially uses “C2,” “Zhongnuo 8,” and “Longqing 1” as parents for the breeding of high-yielding two-row glutinous barley.

[0034] After obtaining the breeding parents, this invention uses Longqing 1 as the female parent and C2 and Zhongnuo 8 as the male parents respectively to perform hybridization, harvesting F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 respectively. The hybridization of this invention preferably includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization preferably includes emasculation, with one emasculated ear per plant, preferably more than six emasculated ears, to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. This invention does not have a specific limitation on the emasculation process, and can be carried out according to conventional emasculation steps in the art. This invention harvests the F0 generation hybrid seeds uniformly when they mature, and air-dries them for storage; preferably, the F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and the F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 are harvested and stored separately.

[0035] After obtaining the F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8, this invention involves planting and self-pollinating the F0 generation seeds of Longqing 1 × C2 and Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 respectively to obtain F1 generation plants of Longqing 1 × C2 and Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8. The planting and self-pollination process described in this invention is not particularly limited and can be carried out using conventional planting methods in the art.

[0036] After obtaining the F1 generation plants of Longqing 1 × C2 and Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8, this invention uses the F1 generation plants of Longqing 1 × C2 as the female parent and the F1 generation plants of Longqing 1 × Zhongnuo 8 as the male parent to hybridize and obtain F0 generation seeds. The hybridization of this invention preferably includes artificial hybridization; the artificial hybridization preferably includes emasculation, with each plant preferably having 1 emasculated ear, and preferably having more than 10 emasculated ears, the purpose being to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. The F0 generation seeds of this invention are harvested uniformly when mature, and then air-dried for storage.

[0037] After obtaining the F0 generation seeds, the present invention plants the F0 generation seeds and then self-pollinates them to obtain the F1 generation seeds. The present invention does not have any special limitations on the planting process; conventional planting processes in the art can be used.

[0038] After obtaining the F1 generation seeds, this invention sows the F1 generation seeds and performs self-pollination to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds. Planting the F1 generation seeds in the field constitutes the F2 generation. The F2 generation undergoes phenotypic segregation. Upon maturity, it is preferable to select a large number of individual plants; and these individual plants are marked, and preferably harvested, threshed, and air-dried for preservation. During the phenotypic segregation, it is preferable to select individual plants with a plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, ear grain number ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, and good color change at maturity. Individual plants are then harvested and threshed to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds.

[0039] After obtaining the F2 generation single plant seeds, the present invention plants the F2 generation single plant seeds and self-pollinates them to the F5 generation to obtain F5 generation single plant seeds. In the self-pollination process of the F3-F5 generations described in the present invention: it is preferable to sow single plants selected from the previous generation, with each single plant preferably sown in 2 rows. For the offspring single plants, it is preferable to select stable single plants with a plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, ear number ≥20 grains, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, and stable plant resistance to lodging and disease. The preferred single plants are harvested and air-dried for storage.

[0040] After obtaining the F5 generation individual plant seeds, this invention plants the F5 generation individual plant seeds and then self-pollinates them to obtain the F6 generation, which is a stable line of two-row glutinous highland barley. In the self-pollinated F6 generation of this invention, it is preferred to select two-row glutinous highland barley individual plants with good agronomic traits, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance for harvesting and storage. Furthermore, it is preferred to conduct quality testing on the two-row glutinous highland barley to obtain a glutinous line with a branched-chain starch content greater than 90% of the total starch, i.e., the stable line of two-row glutinous highland barley. In selecting individual plants, this invention preferably plants two rows of standard varieties before and after the initial planting row. The standard varieties are preferably the parent plants or local dominant varieties; the local dominant varieties preferably include Longqing No. 1.

[0041] The stable line of black-grained two-ridged glutinous highland barley was obtained, and the present invention conducted a strain identification test on the stable line of two-ridged glutinous highland barley.

[0042] The strain identification test described in this invention preferably includes: using the intercropping method, planting three times, with a control plot added every 10 plots. The control variety is Longqing No. 1. The plot is 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, with a row spacing of 0.25m, a section spacing of 0.25m, a walkway of 0.5m, and a plot area of ​​3.125m².2 Five rows were planted, with 250 seeds sown per row. In mid-to-late March, the seeds were sown in rows by hand-hoeing. Strains with good overall traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control variety were selected for a variety comparison test.

[0043] The strain comparison test described in this invention preferably includes: randomized block design, planting three times, with each plot measuring 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, consisting of 10 rows, a row spacing of 0.25m, a plot spacing of 0.25m, and an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. The seeds are sown by hand in furrows on March 18. A variety with a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control variety is selected to participate in the provincial regional trial. The preferred control variety is Longqing No. 1.

[0044] The preferred regional trial plan for the entire province described in this invention includes: a randomized block design, planting three times, with plots 5.0m long and 2.5m wide, 10 rows per plot, row spacing of 0.25m, plot spacing of 0.25m, and an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate is calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row, and the seeds are broadcast in furrows according to the local sowing period.

[0045] To further illustrate the present invention, the technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] 1. Screening of high-quality germplasm resources: High-quality barley germplasm resources from home and abroad were collected, and their agronomic and economic traits were identified, including growth period, plant height, ear length, number of grains per ear, number of ears, thousand-grain weight, plant type, color change at maturity, uniformity, lodging resistance, and disease resistance. Field identification was conducted to screen out two-ridged high-quality glutinous barley C2, two-ridged yellow glutinous barley Zhongnuo 8, and two-ridged barley Longqing 1.

[0048] 2. Using Longqing No. 1 as the female parent and C2 and Zhongnuo No. 8 as the male parents, artificial hybridization was carried out. When removing the male parent, each plant was used to produce only one ear, and more than 6 ears were produced to obtain enough (Longqing No. 1 × C2) hybrid seeds and (Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8) hybrid seeds. When the grains matured, they were mixed and harvested, and then air-dried for storage.

[0049] 3. Plant the hybrid seeds of (Longqing No. 1 × C2) and (Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8) in the field.

[0050] 4. Recrossing: Using the (Longqing No. 1 × C2) hybrid as the female parent and the (Longqing No. 1 × Zhongnuo No. 8) hybrid as the male parent, select robust and disease-free plants for artificial hybridization. When removing the male parent, each plant should produce only one ear, and more than 10 ears should be produced to obtain sufficient hybrid seeds. When the grains mature, they should be mixed and harvested uniformly, air-dried and stored. The harvested hybrid seeds are the F0 generation.

[0051] 5. Planting F0 generation seeds in the field results in F1 generation seeds. Harvest F1 generation seeds when they mature, and then air-dry and store them.

[0052] 6. Planting F1 generation seeds in the field constitutes the F2 generation. Combine the F2 generation seeds with two rows of various standard varieties of Longqing No. 1. The F2 generation will separate in large numbers. When mature, select a large number of individual plants, mark them, harvest them individually, thresh them individually, and air-dry them individually for storage.

[0053] 7. For F3-F5 generation, select individual plants and sow 2 rows per plant. Combine various standard varieties of Longqing No. 1 in 2 rows before and after. Select individual plants of the offspring with a plant height of 75-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance. Harvest individual plants and air-dry for storage.

[0054] 8. For the F6 generation, stable lines with good agronomic morphology, plant height of 70-90cm, ear length ≥8cm, number of grains per ear ≥20, tillering rate ≥2, thousand-grain weight ≥40g, compact plant type, good color change at maturity, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, and strong disease resistance are selected through multi-generation self-pollination selection. Quality testing is then conducted, and glutinous barley lines with amylopectin content greater than 90% of total starch are selected for identification tests.

[0055] 9. Select strains with good overall traits and a larger yield increase compared to the control for strain identification tests.

[0056] Planting was carried out using a comparative intercropping method, with three planting cycles. A control plot was added every 10 plots. The control variety was Ganqing No. 4. Each plot was 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, with a row spacing of 0.25m, a section spacing of 0.25m, a walkway of 0.5m, and a plot area of ​​3.125m². 2 Five rows were planted, with 250 seeds sown per row. In mid-to-late March, the seeds were sown in rows by hand-hoeing. The varieties with good comprehensive traits and a yield increase of more than 5% compared with the control were selected for variety comparison trials.

[0057] 10. Select strains with good overall traits, stable traits, and a large increase in yield compared to the control in strain comparison trials to participate in strain comparison trials.

[0058] A randomized block design was used, with three plantings. Each plot was 5.0m long, 2.5m wide, with 10 rows, a row spacing of 0.25m, a plot spacing of 0.25m, and an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate was calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. The seeds were sown by hand in furrows on March 18. A variety with a yield increase of more than 5% compared to the control was selected to participate in the regional trials throughout the province.

[0059] 11. Provincial-level regional trials

[0060] A randomized block design was used, with three plantings. Each plot was 5.0m long, 2.5m wide, with 10 rows, a row spacing of 0.25m, a plot spacing of 0.25m, and an area of ​​12.5m². 2 The sowing rate was calculated at 250,000 seeds per mu, with 560 seeds sown per row. The seeds were broadcast in furrows according to the local sowing period. The resulting 2037 strains were two-ridged glutinous varieties with stable traits. Compared with Zhongnuo No. 8, the plant height was reduced, the lodging resistance was enhanced, and the glutinousness was comparable. The yield was increased compared with Longqing No. 1, and the proportion of amylopectin in the total starch was greater than 90%.

[0061] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method of high-yield two-edged glutinous barley, characterized in that, Comprise the following steps: 1) Take Longqing No. 1 as the female parent, and take C2 and Zhongnuo No. 8 as the male parent respectively, hybridize, and harvest F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1xC2 and F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1xZhongnuo No. 8 respectively; 2) After planting the F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1xC2 and the F0 generation seeds of Longqing No. 1xZhongnuo No. 8 respectively, self-cross to obtain F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1xC2 and F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1xZhongnuo No. 8 respectively; 3) Take the F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1xC2 as the female parent, take the F1 generation plants of Longqing No. 1xZhongnuo No. 8 as the male parent, and hybridize to obtain F0 generation seeds, 4) After planting the F0 generation seeds of step 3), self-cross to obtain F1 generation seeds; 5) After planting the F1 generation seeds of step 4), self-cross to obtain F2 generation single-plant seeds; 6) After planting the F2 generation single-plant seeds of step 5), self-cross to F5 generation, and obtain F5 generation single-plant seeds; 7) After planting the F5 generation single-plant seeds of step 6), self-cross to obtain F6 generation high-yield two-rib waxy highland barley stable lines.

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized by, The hybridization of step 1) and step 3) comprises artificial hybridization assembly; the artificial hybridization assembly comprises detasseling, and the number of detasseling ears of each plant is 1.

3. The selection method according to claim 2, wherein The number of detasseling ears of step 1) is more than 6 ears.

4. The method of breeding according to claim 2, wherein The number of detasseling ears of step 3) is more than 10 ears.

5. The selection method according to claim 1, wherein The F2 generation plants of step 5) after planting the F1 generation seeds self-cross, and single-plant highland barley seeds are harvested.

6. The method of breeding according to claim 1, wherein The self-crossing process of F3-F5 generations of step 6) comprises: planting single plants of previous generation seeds, selecting single plants with plant height of 75-90 cm, ear length of ≥8 cm, ear grain number of ≥20, tillering rate of ≥2, thousand-grain weight of ≥40 g, compact plant type, good maturity color, consistent uniformity, strong resistance to lodging and strong disease resistance, harvesting and air-drying the single plants and storing.

7. The method of breeding according to claim 1, wherein Step 7) selects two-rib waxy highland barley stable lines with good agronomic shape, plant height of 70-90 cm, ear length of ≥8 cm, ear grain number of ≥20, tillering rate of ≥2, thousand-grain weight of ≥40 g, good maturity color, consistent uniformity, strong resistance to lodging, and strong disease resistance, in the F6 generation after self-crossing, and the mass ratio of amylopectin to total starch in the two-rib waxy highland barley stable lines is greater than 90%.

8. The method of breeding according to claim 1, wherein The breeding method comprises conducting line identification test on the two-rib waxy highland barley stable lines.

9. The method of breeding according to claim 8, wherein, Through the line identification test, lines with good comprehensive traits and more than 5% yield increase compared with the control variety are selected for line comparison test.

10. The method of breeding according to claim 9, wherein, Through the line comparison test, lines with good comprehensive traits and more than 5% yield increase compared with the control variety are selected for provincial regional test.