A carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system and method coupled with a thermal power unit

Abstract

This invention discloses a carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system and method coupled to a thermal power unit. The outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor via the secondary side of a third heat exchanger, the primary side of a first heat exchanger, the secondary side of a second heat exchanger, an energy storage power generation turbine, the secondary side of the first heat exchanger, a low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, and the shell side of a carbon dioxide cooler. The primary side of the second heat exchanger is connected to the reheat outlet of the boiler in the thermal power unit. The cold medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, the tube-side inlet of the carbon dioxide cooler, and the primary side inlet of the third heat exchanger are connected to the outlet of the condenser in the thermal power unit. The extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder in the thermal power unit is connected to the heat medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank. This system and method can effectively combine the physical adsorption carbon dioxide low-pressure storage tank with the coal-fired power generation unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of physical energy storage technology, and relates to a carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system and method coupled with thermal power units. Background Technology

[0002] Energy storage plays a crucial role in the construction of new power systems. Simultaneously, it promotes innovation in the domestic energy industry and provides a strategic advantage in international competition. Compressed carbon dioxide (CO2) energy storage systems are among the more mature energy storage technologies currently available. Utilizing the abundant waste heat from thermal power plants as an external heat source provides sufficient energy for CO2 energy storage systems, and since thermal power plants have their own grid-connected power systems, there is no need to construct separate energy storage power stations. Furthermore, the introduction of energy storage systems significantly improves the peak-shaving flexibility of thermal power units. Therefore, establishing CO2 energy storage systems using thermal power plants is the best choice for achieving complementary resource advantages.

[0003] Although compressed carbon dioxide (CCD) energy storage systems offer significantly higher energy density compared to compressed air (CBA) systems, they still cannot meet the demands of large-scale energy storage construction. While liquefaction can greatly increase energy density, liquefaction equipment has high energy consumption. Therefore, selecting an appropriate low-pressure storage method is crucial for improving the system's energy density and stability. One feasible approach is to increase carbon dioxide storage density through spontaneous physical adsorption. This method achieves high-density carbon dioxide storage without external energy intervention; however, there are currently no reported cases of combining low-pressure carbon dioxide storage tanks with physical adsorption systems with coal-fired power generating units. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system and method coupled with a thermal power unit. This system and method can effectively combine a low-pressure carbon dioxide physical adsorption storage tank with a coal-fired power generation unit.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this invention discloses a carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system coupled to a thermal power unit, comprising a thermal power unit, a carbon dioxide compressor, a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, an energy storage power generation turbine, a low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, and a carbon dioxide cooler.

[0006] The outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor is connected to the inlet of the energy storage power generation turbine via the secondary side of the third heat exchanger, the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank, the primary side of the first heat exchanger, and the secondary side of the second heat exchanger. The outlet of the energy storage power generation turbine is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor via the secondary side of the first heat exchanger, the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, and the shell side of the carbon dioxide cooler.

[0007] The primary side of the second heat exchanger is connected to the reheat side outlet of the boiler in the thermal power unit; the cold medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, the tube-side inlet of the carbon dioxide cooler, and the primary side inlet of the third heat exchanger are connected to the outlet of the condenser in the thermal power unit; the steam extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder in the thermal power unit is connected to the heat medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank.

[0008] The primary outlet of the second heat exchanger, the cold medium outlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, the tube-side outlet of the carbon dioxide cooler, and the primary outlet of the third heat exchanger are connected to the inlet of the deaerator in the thermal power unit. The heat medium outlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to the inlet of the condenser in the thermal power unit.

[0009] A first electric shut-off valve is installed at the cold medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank.

[0010] A second electric shut-off valve is installed at the heat medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank.

[0011] The thermal power unit includes a boiler, a high-pressure cylinder, a back-pressure steam turbine, an intermediate-pressure cylinder, a low-pressure cylinder, a condenser, a condensate pump, a low-pressure heater, a feedwater pump, and a high-pressure heater.

[0012] The main steam outlet of the boiler is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder and the inlet of the back-pressure turbine. The outlet of the high-pressure cylinder is connected to the reheat side inlet of the boiler. The reheat side outlet of the boiler is connected to the inlet of the intermediate-pressure cylinder and the primary side inlet of the second heat exchanger. The outlet of the intermediate-pressure cylinder is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder. The outlet of the low-pressure cylinder is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure heater, the primary side inlet of the third heat exchanger, the tube side inlet of the carbon dioxide cooler, and the cold medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank via the condenser and condensate pump. The outlet of the low-pressure heater is connected to the inlet of the deaerator. The outlet of the deaerator is connected to the inlet of the boiler via the feedwater pump and the high-pressure heater. The steam extraction port of the intermediate-pressure cylinder is connected to the steam inlet of the deaerator.

[0013] It also includes an industrial steam supply pipeline, the steam outlet of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the industrial steam supply pipeline, and the output shaft of the back-pressure steam turbine is connected to the drive shaft of the carbon dioxide compressor.

[0014] It also includes a first generator, and the high-pressure cylinder, the intermediate-pressure cylinder, the low-pressure cylinder and the first generator are arranged coaxially.

[0015] It also includes a second generator, the output shaft of which is connected to the drive shaft of the energy storage power generation turbine.

[0016] This invention discloses a carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage method coupled with a thermal power unit, including an energy release power generation mode and an energy storage mode operation.

[0017] In the energy release power generation mode, the generator set operates normally. The supercritical carbon dioxide output from the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank is heated by the exhaust steam of the energy storage power generation turbine in the first heat exchanger. The heated supercritical carbon dioxide enters the second heat exchanger and is heated by part of the reheat steam output from the boiler. Then it enters the energy storage power generation turbine to do work. The carbon dioxide after doing work enters the first heat exchanger to cool down and is then stored in the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank. The heat generated during the low-pressure adsorption storage process of carbon dioxide is removed by introducing condensate into the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank.

[0018] In energy storage mode, the generator set operates normally, introducing the extracted steam from the low-pressure cylinder into the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank. The carbon dioxide released from the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank is cooled by the carbon dioxide cooler and then enters the carbon dioxide compressor. The carbon dioxide is compressed to supercritical level by the carbon dioxide compressor to form supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical carbon dioxide is cooled by condensate in the third heat exchanger and then stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] In the specific operation of the carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system and method coupled to a thermal power unit as described in this invention, the primary side of the second heat exchanger is connected to the reheat outlet of the boiler in the thermal power unit; the cold medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, the tube-side inlet of the carbon dioxide cooler, and the primary side inlet of the third heat exchanger are connected to the outlet of the condenser in the thermal power unit to utilize the cooling capacity of the condensate in the thermal power unit; the steam extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder in the thermal power unit is connected to the heat medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank to utilize the heat from the extracted steam in the thermal power unit to realize energy... This invention utilizes a cascaded approach, employing low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tanks to achieve both low-pressure adsorption and release of carbon dioxide. This effectively combines physical adsorption carbon dioxide low-pressure storage tanks with coal-fired power generating units. It should be noted that this invention replaces conventional carbon dioxide low-pressure storage tanks with physical adsorption low-pressure storage, reducing the footprint and achieving considerable energy storage density. It also boasts higher stability, lower energy consumption, and reduced costs compared to liquefied compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems. Furthermore, it utilizes condensate and extracted steam as cold and heat sources, respectively, during the energy release and storage phases of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, achieving comprehensive energy utilization and improving the overall operating efficiency of the energy storage system. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0022] Among them, 1 is the boiler, 2 is the high-pressure cylinder, 3 is the medium-pressure cylinder, 4 is the low-pressure cylinder, 5 is the first generator, 6 is the condenser, 7 is the condensate pump, 8 is the low-pressure heater, 9 is the deaerator, 10 is the feedwater pump, 11 is the high-pressure heater, 12 is the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank, 13 is the first heat exchanger, 14 is the second heat exchanger, 15 is the energy storage and power generation turbine, 16 is the second generator, 17 is the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank, 18 is the first electric shut-off valve, 19 is the second electric shut-off valve, 20 is the carbon dioxide compressor, 21 is the back-pressure turbine, 22 is the carbon dioxide cooler, and 23 is the third heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion regarding the concepts disclosed in the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The accompanying drawings show structural schematic diagrams according to embodiments disclosed in this invention. These drawings are not drawn to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0025] refer to Figure 1 The carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to the present invention includes a boiler 1, a high-pressure cylinder 2, a medium-pressure cylinder 3, a low-pressure cylinder 4, a first generator 5, a condenser 6, a condensate pump 7, a low-pressure heater 8, a deaerator 9, a feedwater pump 10, a high-pressure heater 11, a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank 12, a first heat exchanger 13, a second heat exchanger 14, an energy storage and power generation turbine 15, a second generator 16, a low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17, a first electric shut-off valve 18, a second electric shut-off valve 19, a carbon dioxide compressor 20, a back-pressure turbine 21, a carbon dioxide cooler 22, and a third heat exchanger 23.

[0026] The main steam outlet of boiler 1 is connected to the inlet of high-pressure cylinder 2 and the inlet of back-pressure turbine 21. The outlet of high-pressure cylinder 2 is connected to the reheat side inlet of boiler 1. The reheat side outlet of boiler 1 is connected to the inlet of intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 and the primary side inlet of second heat exchanger 14. The primary side outlet of second heat exchanger 14 is connected to deaerator 9. The outlet of intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 is connected to the inlet of low-pressure cylinder 4. The outlet of low-pressure cylinder 4 is connected to the inlet of low-pressure heater 8, the primary side inlet of third heat exchanger 23, the tube side inlet of carbon dioxide cooler 22, and the cold medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 via condenser 6 and condensate pump 7. The outlet of low-pressure heater 8, the secondary side outlet of third heat exchanger 23, and the tube side outlet of carbon dioxide cooler 22 are connected to the inlet of deaerator 9. The outlet of deaerator 9 is connected to the inlet of boiler 1 via feedwater pump 10 and high-pressure heater 11.

[0027] The extraction port of the intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 is connected to the steam inlet of the deaerator 9, and the extraction port of the low-pressure cylinder 4 is connected to the heat medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17. A first electric shut-off valve 18 is installed at the cold medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17, and a second electric shut-off valve 19 is installed at the heat medium inlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17. The cold medium outlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 is connected to the inlet of the deaerator 9, and the heat medium outlet of the heat exchange area of ​​the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 is connected to the inlet of the condenser 6.

[0028] The outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 20 is connected to the inlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank 12 via the secondary side of the third heat exchanger 23. The outlet of the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank 12 is connected to the inlet of the energy storage power generation turbine 15 via the primary side of the first heat exchanger 13 and the secondary side of the second heat exchanger 14. The outlet of the energy storage power generation turbine 15 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 via the secondary side of the first heat exchanger 13. The outlet of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 is connected to the inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor 20 via the shell side of the carbon dioxide cooler 22.

[0029] The high-pressure cylinder 2, medium-pressure cylinder 3, low-pressure cylinder 4, and first generator 5 are arranged coaxially.

[0030] The steam outlet of the back-pressure steam turbine 21 is connected to an industrial steam supply pipeline, and the output shaft of the back-pressure steam turbine 21 is connected to the drive shaft of the carbon dioxide compressor 20.

[0031] The output shaft of the energy storage power generation turbine 15 is connected to the drive shaft of the second generator 16.

[0032] refer to Figure 1The carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage method coupled to a thermal power unit according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0033] When the coal-fired power generation unit is running normally, the main steam of boiler 1 enters the turbine to do work, driving the first generator 5 to generate electricity. The exhaust steam of the turbine is cooled into condensate by condenser 6, and then heated by condensate pump 7, low-pressure heater 8, deaerator 9, feed water pump 10 and high-pressure heater 11 before entering boiler 1.

[0034] When operating in the energy release power generation mode, the coal-fired power generation unit operates normally. The supercritical carbon dioxide output from the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank 12 is heated by the exhaust steam of the energy storage power generation turbine 15 in the first heat exchanger 13. The heated supercritical carbon dioxide enters the second heat exchanger 14 and is heated by part of the reheat steam output from the boiler 1. Then it enters the energy storage power generation turbine 15 to do work and drive the second generator 16 to generate electricity. The carbon dioxide after doing work enters the first heat exchanger 13 to cool and is then stored in the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17. The low-pressure adsorption storage process generates heat. The first electric shut-off valve 18 is opened to introduce condensate into the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 to remove the heat, so as to continuously and efficiently adsorb and store carbon dioxide.

[0035] When operating in energy storage mode, the coal-fired generator set is running normally. The low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 needs heat to release carbon dioxide. The second electric shut-off valve 19 is opened to introduce the extracted steam from the low-pressure cylinder 4 into the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17. The carbon dioxide released from the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17 is cooled by the carbon dioxide cooler 22 and then enters the carbon dioxide compressor 20. Part of the main steam output from the boiler 11 drives the back-pressure turbine 21. The back-pressure turbine 21 drives the carbon dioxide compressor 20 to compress the carbon dioxide to supercritical to form supercritical carbon dioxide. The supercritical carbon dioxide is cooled by condensate in the third heat exchanger 23 and then stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank 12.

[0036] It should be noted that the present invention has the following characteristics:

[0037] 1) This invention achieves rational cascade utilization of energy by coupling a coal-fired power generation unit with a carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system.

[0038] 2) During the energy release phase, the exhaust steam of the energy storage power generation turbine 15 is used for heating, and the reheated steam is used to reheat the carbon dioxide, avoiding the need to collect compression heat in the equipment to heat the carbon dioxide during the energy release phase; in addition, the exhaust steam heat of the energy storage power generation turbine 15 is recovered through a heat exchanger to improve the economic efficiency of the unit.

[0039] 3) During the energy storage phase, the main steam drives the back-pressure turbine 21 to operate the carbon dioxide compressor 20, thereby improving the compression capacity and effectively reducing the power consumption of the energy storage system. The carbon dioxide cooler 22 and the third heat exchanger 23 are used to collect desorption heat and compression heat, thereby heating the condensate to increase the condensate temperature, reduce irreversible heat exchange losses, and improve the energy efficiency of the unit. The high-pressure low-temperature carbon dioxide in the energy release phase of the transcritical compression carbon dioxide energy storage system is heated by reheat steam, which improves the work capacity of carbon dioxide and increases the energy storage power generation of the unit.

[0040] 4) By replacing conventional low-pressure carbon dioxide storage tanks with physical adsorption low-pressure storage, the footprint is reduced and the energy storage density is considerable; it has higher stability and lower energy consumption than liquefied compressed carbon dioxide energy storage systems, thus reducing costs; condensate and extracted steam are used as cold and heat sources in the energy release and storage stages of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank 17, respectively, to achieve comprehensive energy utilization and improve the overall operating efficiency of the energy storage system.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit, characterized in that, The system comprises a thermal power unit, a carbon dioxide compressor (20), a supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank (12), a first heat exchanger (13), a second heat exchanger (14), a third heat exchanger (23), an energy storage power generation steam turbine (15), a low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17) and a carbon dioxide cooler (22); An outlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (20) is connected in sequence with a secondary side of the third heat exchanger (23), the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank (12), a primary side of the first heat exchanger (13) and a secondary side of the second heat exchanger (14) and an inlet of the energy storage power generation steam turbine (15); an outlet of the energy storage power generation steam turbine (15) is connected in sequence with a secondary side of the first heat exchanger (13), the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17) and a shell side of the carbon dioxide cooler (22) and an inlet of the carbon dioxide compressor (20); A primary side of the second heat exchanger (14) is connected with an outlet of a reheating side of a boiler in the thermal power unit; an outlet of a condenser (6) in the thermal power unit is connected with an inlet of a cold medium of a heat exchange area of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17), an inlet of a tube side of the carbon dioxide cooler (22) and an inlet of a primary side of the third heat exchanger (23); an extraction port of a low-pressure cylinder (4) in the thermal power unit is connected with an inlet of a hot medium of the heat exchange area of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17).

2. The carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to claim 1, wherein, An outlet of the primary side of the second heat exchanger (14), an outlet of the cold medium of the heat exchange area of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17), an outlet of the tube side of the carbon dioxide cooler (22) and an outlet of the primary side of the third heat exchanger (23) are connected with an inlet of a deaerator (9) in the thermal power unit; an outlet of the hot medium of the heat exchange area of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17) is connected with an inlet of the condenser (6) in the thermal power unit.

3. The CO2 physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to claim 1, wherein, A first electrically-driven stop valve (18) is arranged at the inlet of the cold medium of the heat exchange area of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17).

4. The CO2 physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, A second electrically-driven stop valve (19) is arranged at the inlet of the hot medium of the heat exchange area of the low-pressure adsorption carbon dioxide storage tank (17).

5. The CO2 physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to claim 1, wherein, The thermal power unit comprises a boiler (1), a high-pressure cylinder (2), a back-pressure steam turbine (21), a medium-pressure cylinder (3), a low-pressure cylinder (4), a condenser (6), a condensate pump (7), a low-pressure heater (8), a feedwater pump (10) and a high-pressure heater (11). The main steam outlet of the boiler (1) is communicated with the inlet of the high-pressure cylinder (2) and the inlet of the back pressure turbine (21), the outlet of the high-pressure cylinder (2) is communicated with the reheat side inlet of the boiler (1), the reheat side outlet of the boiler (1) is communicated with the inlet of the medium-pressure cylinder (3) and the primary side inlet of the second heat exchanger (14), the outlet of the medium-pressure cylinder (3) is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure cylinder (4), the outlet of the low-pressure cylinder (4) is communicated with the inlet of the low-pressure heater (8), the primary side inlet of the third heat exchanger (23), the tube side inlet of the carbon dioxide cooler (22) and the cold medium inlet of the low-pressure adsorbed carbon dioxide storage tank (17) heat exchange area through the condenser (6) and the condensate pump (7), the outlet of the low-pressure heater (8) is communicated with the inlet of the deaerator (9), the outlet of the deaerator (9) is communicated with the inlet of the boiler (1) through the feed water pump (10) and the high-pressure heater (11), the steam extraction port of the medium-pressure cylinder (3) is communicated with the steam inlet of the deaerator (9).

6. The carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to claim 5, wherein, Further comprising an industrial steam supply pipeline, the steam outlet of the back pressure turbine (21) is communicated with the industrial steam supply pipeline, and the output shaft of the back pressure turbine (21) is connected with the driving shaft of the carbon dioxide compressor (20).

7. The CO2 physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to claim 5, wherein, Further comprising a first generator (5), the high-pressure cylinder (2), the medium-pressure cylinder (3), the low-pressure cylinder (4) and the first generator (5) are coaxially arranged.

8. The carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with a thermal power unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, Further comprising a second generator (16), the output shaft of the energy storage power generation turbine (15) is connected with the driving shaft of the second generator (16).

9. A method for storing energy by physical adsorption of carbon dioxide coupled with a thermal power unit, characterized in that, The carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage system coupled with the thermal power generating unit based on claim 1 comprises a release power generation mode and an energy storage mode.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the carbon dioxide physical adsorption energy storage coupled to a thermal power plant is characterized by, In the release power generation mode, the generating unit is normally operated, the supercritical carbon dioxide output by the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank (12) is heated by the exhaust steam of the energy storage power generation turbine (15) in the first heat exchanger (13), the heated supercritical carbon dioxide is heated by part of the reheat steam output by the boiler (1) in the second heat exchanger (14), then enters the energy storage power generation turbine (15) to do work, the carbon dioxide after doing work enters the first heat exchanger (13) to be cooled, and then is stored in the low-pressure adsorbed carbon dioxide storage tank (17), and the condensate is introduced into the low-pressure adsorbed carbon dioxide storage tank (17) to take away the heat generated in the low-pressure adsorption storage process of carbon dioxide; In the energy storage mode, the steam extraction of the low-pressure cylinder (4) is introduced into the low-pressure adsorbed carbon dioxide storage tank (17), the released carbon dioxide of the low-pressure adsorbed carbon dioxide storage tank (17) is cooled by the carbon dioxide cooler (22) and then enters the carbon dioxide compressor (20), the carbon dioxide is compressed to be supercritical by the carbon dioxide compressor (20) to form supercritical carbon dioxide, and the supercritical carbon dioxide is stored in the supercritical carbon dioxide high-pressure storage tank (12) after being cooled by the third heat exchanger (23).

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