A differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air

Abstract

The present invention provides a differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air, comprising a main shaft, a feeding shell, a spiral feeding head, a high-speed heat flow ring, a top cover, a concave plate screen, a differential threshing and grass discharge device, a movable electric push rod, a rear baffle, and a first motor; the feeding shell is provided with a spiral feeding head, the spiral feeding head is connected to the main shaft by transmission, a high-speed heat flow ring is installed on one side of the feeding shell, the differential threshing and grass discharge device is located in the threshing device housing, the differential threshing and grass discharge device includes a threshing section and a grass discharge section, the threshing section is connected to the main shaft, the grass discharge section is supported on the main shaft by a shaft sleeve, and the main shaft and shaft sleeve are respectively driven by a first motor. The differential threshing and grass discharge device of the present invention can keep the speed of the threshing part normal and increase the speed of the grass discharge part, thereby allowing the stems and other discharged materials to be discharged from the threshing drum more quickly, reducing the load inside the threshing drum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of threshing devices, combine harvesters or intelligent agricultural machinery, and in particular to a differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air. Background Art

[0002] China is a major agricultural country, with arable land reaching 1.9179 billion mu in 2021. A wide variety of grain crops are cultivated across a vast area. In 2021, the country had 1.627 million rice and wheat combine harvesters, with mechanized harvesting rates exceeding 90%. Mechanization has been largely achieved for staple crops. The widespread use of combine harvesters has improved my country's agricultural development and alleviated labor shortages. Combine harvesters are the primary agricultural machinery for mechanized harvesting, and the threshing and separation device is a key component of the combine harvester. The threshing effect directly impacts harvest quality and efficiency. According to 2018 agricultural machinery failure statistics, the threshing process had the highest failure rate, with blockage being one of the most common failures in this process.

[0003] Due to factors such as field crop moisture and density, changes in feed volume, and drum speed, increased feed volume or material moisture often causes the drum to be continuously impacted or overloaded, leading to drum blockage. Drum blockage can be avoided or alleviated by relying on the driver's operational experience, or by using a blockage removal device, drum reversal, or a drum status monitoring system to prevent blockage. The threshing drum status monitoring system can sense the drum's status in advance and alert the driver. However, if a blockage occurs, manual troubleshooting takes a long time, which not only affects harvest quality but also delays the farming season, resulting in economic losses for farmers and operators. Therefore, a drum anti-blocking device is needed for regulation to prevent drum blockage and ensure operational efficiency.

[0004] A Chinese patent discloses a concave screen clearing device, a threshing drum assembly, and a threshing system for a combine harvester. The concave screen clearing device is fixed to a spoke and rotates with the threshing drum. The concave screen clearing device includes a spring wire and a reciprocating mechanism. The main body of the spring wire can extend radially along the threshing drum, and the reciprocating mechanism causes the spring wire to reciprocate axially along the threshing drum. By fixing the concave screen clearing device inside an open separation drum, the reciprocating mechanism drives the spring wire to reciprocate as the threshing drum rotates. The spring wire moves in a spiral along the drum's rotational direction. After the threshing drum rotates several times, the spring wire traverses each sieve hole on the concave screen, ensuring that the spring wire is not too densely arranged to affect the threshing operation. As the device traverses each sieve hole of the concave screen, it cleans any crushed material adhering to the sieve holes without affecting the threshing operation. However, its function is single, which can only clean the material on the sieve hole, but cannot increase the threshing gap. When the feed amount is too large, the material layer inside the threshing drum becomes thicker, the threshing gap is too small, and some materials are difficult to thresh, which makes the threshing drum easy to get blocked.

[0005] A Chinese patent discloses a semi-fed, anti-blocking harvester threshing device, comprising a transmission mechanism assembly, a rotary concave plate, and a threshing drum. The chain transmission mechanism can drive the rotary concave plate to perform a cyclic rotational motion, maintaining a large speed difference between the linear velocity of the threshing drum's bow teeth and the linear velocity of the rotary concave plate. The device has a relatively reasonable structure, with the rotary concave plate and the threshing drum rotating in opposite directions. The speed difference between the two prevents crop accumulation and clogging within the threshing device, making it suitable for harvesting high-yield crops and in humid environments. It also facilitates straightening and threshing of rice and wheat ears, reducing incomplete threshing losses. However, during actual harvesting, the axial-flow threshing drum of a fully-fed combine harvester has a top cover component to guide the axial flow of material, so the concave plate screen cannot achieve rotational motion, making it difficult to solve the problem of axial-flow threshing drum clogging.

[0006] The Chinese patent discloses a nested adjustable airflow-assisted anti-blocking threshing drum, comprising a drum frame, a threshing device and an airflow-assisted device, wherein the threshing device is connected to the drum frame via a bearing, the airflow-assisted threshing device is located outside the threshing drum and is fastened to the drum frame via bolts, the threshing device comprises a concave plate screen with adjustable gap, a diameter-adjustable threaded rod device, a spike device and a threshing drum shaft, the threshing drum shaft is connected to the drum frame, the spike device is nested inside the threaded rod device and connected to the threshing drum shaft, the threaded rod device and the airflow-assisted device share a hydraulic air pump, and the airflow-assisted device comprises an air net, an air shell and a regulating valve. The invention is ingenious in design, adopts a nested structure, has a compact layout, effectively reduces the size of the threshing drum while ensuring the threshing quality, and is combined with the airflow-assisted device to effectively improve the threshing effect and prevent threshing blockage. However, the airflow does not adopt the form of hot air, which is not ideal for preventing blockage of wet materials. At the same time, the threshing gap is adjusted manually, and the threshing drum may become blocked at any time during operation.

[0007] A Chinese patent discloses a device for preventing the concave screen from blocking a combine harvester. The device comprises a raking mechanism, comprising a raking rod, a connecting portion I, a connecting portion II, a transmission portion, and a support and limit portion I. The raking rod is a rod-shaped member located between the threshing drum and the concave screen. One end of the raking rod is fixedly connected to the transmission portion via the connecting portion I, and the other end is fixedly connected to the support and limit portion I via the connecting portion II. The transmission portion is mounted on one end of the threshing drum's main shaft, which drives the raking rod to rotate. The support and limit portion I is mounted on the other end of the threshing drum's main shaft and supports the raking mechanism. This invention can solve the problem of material clumping and blockage that occurs during harvesting after rain or fog. It also has a simple structure and is easy to deploy. However, the device reduces the threshing gap, hindering the threshing process. Furthermore, it can only clear and sort out clumping blockages and cannot address the drum blockage caused by the thickening of the material layer inside the drum due to increased feed rate.

[0008] A Chinese patent discloses a grid bar rotatable anti-blocking concave plate screen, comprising a left plate, a right plate, grid bars, a rotating mechanism, and a reset mechanism. Several of the grid bars are located between the left plate and the right plate. A rotating mechanism is installed at one end of each grid bar for rotating the grid bar, and the rotating mechanism is located in the left plate. A reset mechanism is installed at the other end of each grid bar for resetting the grid bar, and the rotating mechanism is located in the right plate. The rotating mechanism can rotate several grid bars synchronously or asynchronously. The present invention can achieve rapid adjustment of the sieve aperture ratio and rapid replacement of grid bar modules without stopping the machine. However, it can only adjust the sieve aperture area, and cannot adjust parameters such as the threshing gap. There are too few comprehensive anti-blocking control measures to ensure the anti-blocking effect. At the same time, its anti-blocking effect is not ideal for wet materials. Therefore, simply increasing the size of the sieve aperture to prevent blocking is less effective. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air. The differential threshing and grass discharge device can make the speed of the threshing part normal and the rotation speed of the grass discharge part faster, so that the stems and other discharge materials can be discharged from the threshing drum faster, reducing the load inside the threshing drum.

[0010] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0011] A differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air includes a main shaft, a feeding shell, a spiral feeding head, a high-speed heat flow ring, a top cover, a concave plate screen, a differential threshing and grass discharge device, a movable electric push rod, a rear baffle and a first motor;

[0012] A spiral feeding head is provided in the feeding shell, and the spiral feeding head is connected to the main shaft in a transmission manner. A hydraulic push rod is provided on the feeding shell for expanding or contracting the feeding port; a high-speed heat flow ring is installed on one side of the feeding shell, and a threshing device housing is installed between the high-speed heat flow ring and the rear baffle. The differential threshing and grass discharge device is located in the threshing device housing, and the differential threshing and grass discharge device includes a threshing section and a grass discharge section. The threshing section is connected to the main shaft, and the grass discharge section is supported on the main shaft through a shaft sleeve. The main shaft and the shaft sleeve are respectively driven by a first motor to achieve differential rotation of threshing and grass discharge.

[0013] The threshing device shell includes a top cover and a concave screen. The high-speed heat flow ring is movably connected to the feeding shell cover and the end face of the concave screen through a limiting groove. The top cover is located above the concave screen and the concave screen is driven by a movable electric push rod to change the threshing gap.

[0014] Furthermore, the feed shell cover includes an upper shell, a first polyurethane skin, a hydraulic rod, a lower shell, a fixing frame and a T-bar; the upper shell and the lower shell are connected by a number of hydraulic rods, and the hydraulic rods are installed on the fixing frame. The upper shell and the lower shell are engaged and expanded by the number of hydraulic rods, and the first polyurethane skin is installed in the gap between the upper shell and the lower shell; a number of T-bars are installed on one side of the upper shell and one side of the lower shell respectively, and the T-bars are movably connected to the high-speed heat flow ring.

[0015] Furthermore, the spiral feeding head includes a spiral blade, a spiral shell, a bearing and a telescopic disk; the spiral shell is provided with three spiral grooves, wherein each of the spiral blades passes through a groove and is respectively connected to two telescopic disks; the two telescopic disks are connected to the main shaft, and the telescopic disk is provided with a telescopic mechanism, which changes the processing capacity of the spiral feeding head by making the spiral blades telescope.

[0016] Furthermore, the high-speed heat flow ring includes a front baffle, an axial flow fan, spiral guide blades, an annular shell and a rear baffle; the front baffle is movably connected to one end of the feed shell, the upper part of the rear baffle is connected to the top cover, and the lower part of the rear baffle is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves, and the arc-shaped grooves cooperate with the end surface of the concave screen so that the concave screen can move in the arc-shaped grooves; an annular shell is provided between the front baffle and the rear baffle, the annular shell is connected to the outlet of the axial flow fan, and the inner wall surface of the annular shell is provided with a plurality of spiral guide blades; the spiral rise angle of the spiral guide blade is the same as the spiral rise angle of the spiral blade of the feed shell.

[0017] Furthermore, the annular shell includes an arc-shaped outer roll, an arc-shaped inner roll and an injection port, an annular inner wall, an annular outer wall and a cavity front wall. The arc-shaped outer roll and the annular inner wall, the annular outer wall and the cavity front wall constitute an annular cavity, and the annular cavity is connected to the outlet of the axial flow fan; the arc-shaped inner roll is connected to the annular inner wall, the arc-shaped inner roll is bent inward, and a tapered annular injection port is formed between the arc-shaped outer roll and the arc-shaped inner roll; the annular inner wall gradually expands along the injection direction.

[0018] Furthermore, a heating device is installed in the annular cavity for heating the annular cavity; a moisture content detection sensor is installed at the front baffle for detecting the humidity of the fed material; when the material humidity detected by the moisture content detection sensor exceeds a threshold value, the heating device is controlled to operate.

[0019] Furthermore, the concave plate screen includes a pin shaft, an arc screen, grid bars, T-shaped rotating bars, a movable frame and a second polyurethane skin;

[0020] The two arc-shaped screens are connected by a pin shaft, and one end of several movable electric push rods is respectively connected to one side of the arc-shaped screens, and the other end of the movable electric push rod is connected to the rear baffle. The two arc-shaped screens are rotated around the pin shaft by the extension and contraction of the movable electric push rod to change the threshing gap; the arc-shaped screen is connected to the top cover through a second polyurethane skin; T-shaped rotating bars are respectively provided on both end surfaces of the arc-shaped screen for movable connection with the limiting grooves of the rear baffle and the high-speed heat flow ring; several grid bars are installed on each arc-shaped screen, wherein the grid bars include moving grid bars and fixed grid bars, and an axially movable moving grid bar is provided on one side adjacent to the fixed grid bar, and several of the moving grid bars are connected by a movable frame, and the movable frame is moved linearly by a transmission mechanism to adjust the screen hole area.

[0021] Furthermore, the bottom of the mobile frame is fixed on several moving grid bars, and a sleeve is provided on one end of each fixed grid bar. The sleeve is sleeved on the bottom of the mobile frame. A rack structure is provided on the upper part of the mobile frame. The rack structure is connected to the second motor for driving the mobile frame to move.

[0022] Furthermore, the threshing section of the differential threshing and grass discharge device includes a spoke, a gear rod, rod teeth and a bearing bush; a plurality of spokes are mounted on the main shaft through the bearing bush, and adjacent spokes are connected by a plurality of gear rods;

[0023] The grass discharge section of the differential threshing and grass discharge device includes a grass discharge spoke, a grass discharge plate, a differential hollow shaft and a bearing. The differential hollow shaft passes through the main shaft and is supported on the main shaft through bearings. Grass discharge spokes are respectively installed on both sides of the differential hollow shaft. Several grass discharge plates are evenly distributed between the grass discharge spokes on both sides. The main shaft and the differential hollow shaft are driven by a first motor with different speed ratios to achieve differential rotation for threshing and grass discharge.

[0024] Furthermore, the main shaft and the first motor output shaft are connected through a first transmission mechanism; the differential hollow shaft and the first motor output shaft are connected through a second transmission mechanism; the reduction ratio of the second transmission mechanism is smaller than that of the first transmission mechanism, and is used to make the speed of the grass removal section greater than that of the threshing section.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air described in the present invention can ensure the smoothness of the material forced feeding process when the needle feeding amount increases through the telescopic expansion movement of the feeding shell cover and the spiral feeding blades.

[0027] 2. The differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air described in the present invention, the high-speed and high-pressure hot air of the high-speed heat flow ring is guided by the spiral guide blades and the gas flow enhancement effect, which can change the surface energy of the wet material, reduce the friction between the wet material and the inner wall of the threshing drum, reduce the operating load of the threshing drum, and make the axial transportation of the material smoother.

[0028] 3. The differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air described in the present invention, the left and right rotation and expansion of the concave screen can increase the threshing gap and reduce the risk of threshing drum clogging. The overall movement of several grid bars can increase the sieve area of ​​the concave screen, so that the grains inside the drum pass through the sieve faster and alleviate the clogging problem.

[0029] 4. The differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air described in the present invention, and the differential threshing and grass discharge device can make the speed of the threshing part normal and the rotation speed of the grass discharge part faster, so that the stems and other discharge materials can be discharged from the threshing drum faster, reducing the load inside the threshing drum.

[0030] 5. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air described in the present invention has telescopic expansion mechanisms and airflow auxiliary mechanisms of each part that do not occupy extra space, has a simple and reliable structure, and is easy to install and control. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. The drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, it is obvious that other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0032] Figure 1 This is an axial view of the differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to the present invention.

[0033] Figure 2 An axial view of the feed housing according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a rear view of the feed housing described in the present invention.

[0035] Figure 4 It is a partially enlarged view of the left side view of the feed shell according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 It is an axial view of the screw feed head according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the spiral feed head described in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a partial cross-sectional view of the spiral feed head described in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 8 This is an axial view of the high-speed heat flow ring described in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 9 This is an axial view of the annular shell of the high-speed heat flow ring described in the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the annular shell of the high-speed heat flow ring described in the present invention.

[0042] Figure 11 This is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the high-speed heat flow ring described in the present invention.

[0043] Figure 12 This is an axial view of the concave screen according to the present invention.

[0044] Figure 13 This is a partially enlarged view 1 of the concave plate screen according to the present invention.

[0045] Figure 14 This is a partially enlarged view 2 of the concave plate screen according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 15 This is an exploded view of the left and right screens of the concave plate screen according to the present invention.

[0047] Figure 16 It is a bottom view of the concave plate screen described in the present invention.

[0048] Figure 17 A partially enlarged view of the concave plate screen according to the present invention 3

[0049] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the rotation of the concave plate screen of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 19 This is a partially enlarged view 1 of the rotation of the concave screen according to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 20 This is an axial view of the differential threshing and grass discharge device of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 21 It is a sectional view from the right side of the differential threshing and grass discharge device described in the present invention.

[0053] Figure 22 This is a front sectional view of the differential threshing and grass discharge device of the present invention.

[0054] In the picture:

[0055] 1-main shaft; 2-feed shell; 2-1-upper shell; 2-2-first polyurethane skin; 2-3-hydraulic rod; 2-4-lower shell; 2-5-fixed frame; 2-6-T-bar; 3-screw feed head; 3-1-screw blade; 3-2-screw shell; 3-3-telescopic disc; 4-high-speed heat flow ring; 4-1-front baffle; 4-2-axial flow fan; 4-3-screw guide vane; 4-4-annular shell; 4-4-1-arc-shaped outer roll; 4-4-2-arc-shaped inner roll; 4-4-3-injection port; 4-4-4-annular inner wall; 4-4-5-annular outer wall; 4- 4-6-front wall of the cavity; 4-5-rear baffle; 5-top cover; 6-concave screen; 6-1-pin shaft; 6-2-arc screen; 6-3-moving grid bar; 6-4-fixed grid bar; 6-5-T-shaped rotating bar; 6-6-movable frame; 6-7-second motor; 6-8-second polyurethane skin; 7-differential threshing and grass discharge device; 7-1-spoke disk; 7-2-gear rod; 7-3-rod teeth; 7-4-bearing; 7-5-grass discharge plate; 7-6-differential hollow shaft; 7-7-bearing; 8-movable electric push rod; 9-rear baffle; 10-pulley; 11-first motor; 12-control cabinet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0058] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the differential axial flow threshing and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air of the present invention includes a main shaft 1, a feeding shell 2, a spiral feeding head 3, a high-speed heat flow ring 4, a top cover 5, a concave plate screen 6, a differential threshing and grass discharge device 7, a movable electric push rod 8, a rear baffle 9, a first motor 11 and a control cabinet 12;

[0060] A spiral feeding head 3 is provided in the feeding shell 2, and the spiral feeding head 3 is transmission-connected to the main shaft 1. A hydraulic push rod is provided on the feeding shell 2 for expanding or contracting the feeding port; a high-speed heat flow ring 4 is installed on one side of the feeding shell 2, and a threshing device housing is installed between the high-speed heat flow ring 4 and the rear baffle 9. The differential threshing and grass discharge device 7 is located in the threshing device housing, and the differential threshing and grass discharge device 7 includes a threshing section and a grass discharge section. The threshing section is connected to the main shaft 1, and the grass discharge section is supported on the main shaft 1 through a shaft sleeve. The main shaft 1 and the shaft sleeve are driven respectively by a first motor 11 to achieve differential rotation of threshing and grass discharge;

[0061] The threshing device housing includes a top cover 5 and a concave screen 6. The high-speed heat flow ring 4 is movably connected to the feed housing 2 and the end surface of the concave screen 6 through limiting grooves. The top cover 5 is located above the concave screen 6. The concave screen 6 is driven by a movable electric push rod 8 to change the threshing gap. The control cabinet 12 is used to control the operation of each component.

[0062] like Figure 2 As shown, the feeding shell cover 2 includes an upper shell 2-1, a first polyurethane skin 2-2, a hydraulic rod 2-3, a lower shell 2-4, a fixing frame 2-5 and a T-bar 2-6; the shell of the feeding shell cover 2 is divided into an upper shell 2-1 and a lower shell 2-4, and the first polyurethane skin 2-2 is installed in the gap between the upper shell 2-1 and the lower shell 2-4, and is tightened when the upper shell 2-1 and the lower shell 2-4 are expanded to ensure the smoothness of the forced feeding process of the material when the feeding amount increases. Two pairs of hydraulic rods 2-3 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axial center section of the shell of the feeding shell cover 2, and the upper shell 2-1 and the lower shell 2-4 are connected by a plurality of hydraulic rods 2-3. The middle part of each pair of hydraulic rods 2-3 is welded to the protrusion of the fixing frame 2-5, and the fixing frame 2-5 is bolted to the side wall of the chassis; the upper shell 2-1 and the lower shell 2-4 are engaged and expanded by the plurality of hydraulic rods 2-3. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic rod 2 - 3 is achieved through the control cabinet 12 , thereby controlling the extension and retraction movement of the feeding shell 2 .

[0063] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of T-shaped bars 2-6 are respectively installed on one side of the upper shell 2-1 and one side of the lower shell 2-4, and the T-shaped bars 2-6 are movably connected to the high-speed heat flow ring 4; the two pairs of T-shaped bars 2-6 are symmetrically distributed about the axial center section, and the heads of the T-shaped bars 2-6 are tightly fitted with the limiting grooves on the front baffle of the high-speed heat flow ring 4, so as to realize the connection and fixing of the feeding shell cover 2, and the expansion and meshing actions of the upper shell 2-1 and the lower shell 2-3 of the feeding shell cover 2 can be facilitated by passing other parts of the T-shaped bars 2-6 through the limiting grooves.

[0064] like Figure 5 、 Figure 6and Figure 7 As shown, the feed housing 2 is provided with a spiral feed head 3, which is transmission-connected to the main shaft 1. The spiral feed head 3 includes a spiral blade 3-1, a spiral housing 3-2, and a telescopic disc 3-3. The spiral housing 3-2 has three spiral grooves, one of which is connected to two telescopic discs 3-3 through one groove. The two telescopic discs 3-3 are transmission-connected to the main shaft 1. The telescopic disc 3-4 is equipped with a telescopic mechanism that adjusts the processing capacity of the spiral feed head 3 by causing the spiral blade 3-1 to expand and contract. The expansion and contraction of the telescopic disc 3-3 drives the contraction and expansion of the spiral blade 3-1, which, in conjunction with the expansion of the feed housing 2, ensures smooth forced conveying of materials when the feed volume increases and reduces the risk of clogging of the threshing drum.

[0065] like Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the high-speed heat flow ring 4 includes a front baffle 4-1, an axial flow fan 4-2, a spiral guide blade 4-3, an annular shell 4-4 and a rear baffle 4-5; the front baffle 4-1 is movably connected to one end of the feeding shell 2, the upper part of the rear baffle 4-5 is connected to the top cover 5, and the lower part of the rear baffle 4-5 is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves, and the arc-shaped grooves cooperate with the end faces of the concave screen 6 so that the concave screen 6 can move in the arc-shaped grooves; an annular shell 4-4 is provided between the front baffle 4-1 and the rear baffle 4-5, the annular shell 4-4 is connected to the outlet of the axial flow fan 4-2, and the inner wall surface of the annular shell 4-4 is provided with a plurality of spiral guide blades 4-3; the spiral rise angle of the spiral guide blade 4-3 is the same as the spiral rise angle of the spiral blade of the feeding shell 2.

[0066] like Figure 11 As shown, the annular shell 4-4 includes an arc-shaped outer roll 4-4-1, an arc-shaped inner roll 4-4-2 and an injection port 4-4-3, an annular inner wall 4-4-4, an annular outer wall 4-4-5 and a cavity front wall 4-4-6. The arc-shaped outer roll 4-4-1 and the annular inner wall 4-4-4, the annular outer wall 4-4-5 and the cavity front wall 4-4-6 constitute an annular cavity, and the annular cavity is connected to the outlet of the axial flow fan 4-2; the arc-shaped inner roll 4-4-2 is connected to the annular inner wall 4-4-4, and the arc-shaped inner roll 4-4-2 is bent inwardly, and a tapered annular injection port 4-4-3 is formed between the arc-shaped outer roll 4-4-1 and the arc-shaped inner roll 4-4-2; the annular inner wall 4-4-4 gradually expands along the injection direction. A heating device is installed in the annular cavity for heating the annular cavity; a moisture content detection sensor is installed at the front baffle 4-1 for detecting the humidity of the fed material; when the material humidity detected by the moisture content detection sensor exceeds a threshold value, the heating device is controlled to operate.

[0067] As can be seen in the figure, the arc-shaped inner roll 4-4-2 is an annular component, which is bent inward at a certain arc and connected to the annular inner wall 4-4-4, which can prevent most of the airflow from being ejected immediately, thereby allowing part of the airflow to flow back, prolonging the heating time, and ejecting hotter airflow. The arc-shaped outer roll 4-4-1 is also an annular component, which is bent inward at a certain arc and connected to the annular outer wall 4-4-5, which can make the ejected airflow smoother, reduce the generation of vortex groups, and make the airflow field at the injection site more stable; the injection port 4-4-3 is composed of the arc-shaped outer roll 4-4- 1. The arc-shaped inward roll 4-4-2 is staggered on different surfaces to form an annular airflow injection port, which is narrow and rounded. The cross-sectional area of ​​the entire injection port 4-4-3 is continuously reduced, which can increase the wind pressure and realize the injection of high-pressure and high-speed hot air flow. The cavity composed of the annular inner wall 4-4-4 and the annular outer wall 4-4-5 allows the axial flow fan 4-2 to continuously transport gas to both sides of the cavity through the ventilation duct, thereby filling the entire annular cavity 4-4 and achieving the stability of the airflow field inside the cavity. The gradual expansion of the annular inner wall 4-4-4 along the injection direction adopts the prototype The principle is to imitate the lower shape of an airplane wing, with inconsistent front and rear heights and a certain lift angle, so that the high-pressure, high-speed and high-heat airflow ejected from the annular cavity 4-4 can generate a large negative pressure near the injection port 4-4-3, resulting in a relatively obvious pressure difference in the axial direction of the annular cavity 4-4, which continuously drives the airflow within the range of the front baffle 4-1 to flow near the injection port 4-4-3, increasing the output gas flow, enhancing the effect of high-pressure circulating hot air, changing the surface energy of the wet material, and reducing the friction between the wet material and the inner wall of the drum. Material transportation is smoother, and the front wall 4-4-6 of the cavity is connected to the annular inner wall 4-4-4 and the annular outer wall 4-4-5 at a large angle, which can enhance the diffusion angle of the high-pressure and high-speed hot air flow, and has a wider range of effect on the material in the threshing drum. A heating wire is welded on the wire inside the annular cavity 4-4, and the pins at both ends of the heating wire are buried in the inner wall of the annular cavity 4-4. The temperature control MCU is connected to the outside to control the temperature of the internal space of the annular cavity 4-4 and protect the heating wire to prevent the heating wire from melting due to excessive temperature.

[0068] like Figures 12 to 15As shown, the concave plate screen 6 includes a pin 6-1, an arc-shaped screen 6-2, a dynamic grid bar 6-3, a fixed grid bar 6-4, a T-shaped rotating bar 6-5, a movable frame 6-6, a second motor 6-7 and a second polyurethane skin 6-8; the arc-shaped screen 6-2 is a left screen and a right screen respectively, and the left screen and the right screen are connected by a pin 6-1 to realize the rotation function of the left screen and the right screen; the T-shaped rotating bar 6-5 on the rear end surface of the concave plate screen 6 is movably connected with the limiting arc groove of the rear baffle 9 and the rear side baffle 4-5, realizing the fixed connection function of the concave plate screen 6 and the rear baffle 9, while limiting the rotation of the left screen and the right screen. Angle upper limit, one end of several movable electric push rods 8 is respectively connected to one side of the arc screen 6-2, and the other end of the movable electric push rod 8 is connected to the rear baffle 9. The two arc screens 6-2 are rotated around the pin shaft 6-1 by the extension and contraction of the movable electric push rod 8, pulling the left screen and the right screen to rotate, thereby increasing the threshing gap and reducing the risk of threshing drum clogging under the condition of increased feed volume; the arc screen 6-2 is connected to the top cover 5 through the second polyurethane skin 6-8; T-shaped rotating bars 6-5 are respectively provided on both end surfaces of the arc screen for active connection with the limiting grooves of the rear baffle 9 and the high-speed heat flow ring 4;

[0069] like Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown, the limiting arc groove at the lower part of the rear baffle 4-5 is movably connected to the T-shaped rotating bar 6-5 on the front end surface of the concave screen 6, realizing the fixing and rotation functions of the concave screen 6. At the same time, the limiting arc groove at the lower part of the rear baffle 4-5 has a certain length and has a limiting function to prevent the concave screen 6 from rotating at an excessive angle and damaging the polyurethane skin 6-8.

[0070] like Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown, a plurality of grid bars are installed on each arc screen, wherein the grid bars include a moving grid bar 6-3 and a fixed grid bar 6-4, and an axially movable moving grid bar 6-3 is provided on one side of the adjacent fixed grid bar 6-4, and a plurality of the moving grid bars 6-3 are connected by a mobile frame 6-6, and the mobile frame 6-6 is moved linearly by a transmission mechanism to adjust the sieve hole area. The bottom of the mobile frame 6-6 is fixed on the plurality of moving grid bars 6-3, and a sleeve is provided on one end of each fixed grid bar 6-4, and the sleeve is sleeved on the bottom of the mobile frame 6-6. A rack structure is provided on the upper part of the mobile frame 6-6, and the rack structure is connected to the second motor 6-7, which is used to drive the mobile frame 6-6 to move, change the sieve hole area of ​​the concave plate screen 6, allow the discharged material to fall faster, reduce the load of the threshing drum, and prevent blockage.

[0071] like Figure 20 、 Figure 21 and Figure 22As shown, the threshing section of the differential threshing and grass discharge device 7 includes a spoke 7-1, a gear rod 7-2, a rod tooth 7-3 and a bearing 7-4; a plurality of spokes 7-1 are mounted on the main shaft 1 through the bearing 7-4, and adjacent spokes 7-1 are connected by a plurality of gear rods 7-2; the grass discharge section of the differential threshing and grass discharge device 7 includes a grass discharge spoke, a grass discharge plate 7-5, a differential hollow shaft 7-6 and a bearing 7-7, the differential hollow shaft 7-6 passes through the main shaft 1, and the differential hollow shaft 7-6 is supported on the main shaft 1 through the bearing 7-7, grass discharge spokes are respectively installed on both sides of the differential hollow shaft 7-6, and a plurality of grass discharge plates 7-5 are evenly distributed between the grass discharge spokes on both sides, and the main shaft 1 and the differential hollow shaft 7-6 are driven by the first motor 11 at different speed ratios to realize differential rotation of threshing and grass discharge. The main shaft 1 is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 11 through a first transmission mechanism; the differential hollow shaft 7-6 is connected to the output shaft of the first motor 11 through a second transmission mechanism; the reduction ratio of the second transmission mechanism is smaller than that of the first transmission mechanism, and is used to make the speed of the grass removal section greater than that of the threshing section.

[0072] In the embodiment, the power input ends of the main shaft 1 and the differential hollow shaft 7-6 are respectively connected to the pulleys 10 with transmission ratios of 1:1 and 2:1, and are connected to the first motor 11 through a belt to transmit power for normal threshing and rapid grass discharge, thereby realizing differential threshing and grass discharge.

[0073] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0074] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent embodiments or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air, characterized in that: It includes a main shaft (1), a feeding shell (2), a spiral feeding head (3), a high-speed heat flow ring (4), a top cover (5), a concave plate screen (6), a differential threshing and grass discharge device (7), a movable electric push rod (8), a rear baffle (9) and a first motor (11); A spiral feeding head (3) is provided in the feeding shell (2), and the spiral feeding head (3) is connected to the main shaft (1) by transmission. A hydraulic push rod is provided on the feeding shell (2) for expanding or contracting the material feeding port. A high-speed heat flow ring (4) is installed on one side of the feeding shell (2), and a threshing device shell is installed between the high-speed heat flow ring (4) and the rear baffle (9). The differential threshing and grass discharge device (7) is located in the threshing device shell. The differential threshing and grass discharge device (7) includes a threshing section and a grass discharge section. The threshing section is connected to the main shaft (1), and the grass discharge section is supported on the main shaft (1) through a shaft sleeve. The main shaft (1) and the shaft sleeve are driven respectively by a first motor (11) to realize differential rotation of threshing and grass discharge. The threshing device housing includes a top cover (5) and a concave plate screen (6); the high-speed heat flow ring (4) is movably connected to the feed shell cover (2) and the end surface of the concave plate screen (6) through a limiting groove; the top cover (5) is located above the concave plate screen (6); the concave plate screen (6) is driven by a movable electric push rod (8) to change the threshing gap; The feed shell cover (2) comprises an upper shell (2-1), a first polyurethane skin (2-2), a hydraulic rod (2-3), a lower shell (2-4), a fixing frame (2-5) and a T-bar (2-6); the upper shell (2-1) and the lower shell (2-4) are connected via a plurality of hydraulic rods (2-3), the hydraulic rods (2-3) are mounted on the fixing frame (2-5), the upper shell (2-1) and the lower shell (2-4) are engaged and expanded via the plurality of hydraulic rods (2-3), and the first polyurethane skin (2-2) is mounted in the gap between the upper shell (2-1) and the lower shell (2-4); a plurality of T-bars (2-6) are mounted on one side of the upper shell (2-1) and one side of the lower shell (2-4), respectively, and the T-bars (2-6) are movably connected to the high-speed heat flow ring (4).

2. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The spiral feeding head (3) comprises a spiral blade (3-1), a spiral shell (3-2) and a telescopic disk (3-3); three spiral grooves are formed on the spiral shell (3-2), wherein each of the spiral blades (3-1) passes through one groove and is respectively connected to two telescopic disks (3-3); the two telescopic disks (3-3) are connected to the main shaft (1), and a telescopic mechanism is provided on the telescopic disk (3-3), which changes the processing capacity of the spiral feeding head (3) by causing the spiral blades (3-1) to be telescopic.

3. The differential axial flow separation and blocking prevention device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-speed heat flow ring (4) comprises a front baffle (4-1), an axial flow fan (4-2), a spiral guide blade (4-3), an annular shell (4-4) and a rear baffle (4-5); the front baffle (4-1) is movably connected to one end of the feed shell (2), the upper part of the rear baffle (4-5) is connected to the top cover (5), and the lower part of the rear baffle (4-5) is provided with a plurality of arc-shaped grooves, and the arc-shaped grooves are matched with the end surface of the concave plate screen (6). The concave plate screen (6) is movable in the arc-shaped groove; an annular housing (4-4) is provided between the front baffle (4-1) and the rear baffle (4-5); the annular housing (4-4) is communicated with the outlet of the axial flow fan (4-2); a plurality of spiral guide blades (4-3) are provided on the inner wall surface of the annular housing (4-4); the spiral rise angle of the spiral guide blades (4-3) is the same as the spiral rise angle of the spiral blades of the feed shell (2).

4. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The annular shell (4-4) comprises an arc-shaped outer roll (4-4-1), an arc-shaped inner roll (4-4-2), an injection port (4-4-3), an annular inner sidewall (4-4-4), an annular outer sidewall (4-4-5), and a cavity front wall (4-4-6); the arc-shaped outer roll (4-4-1), the annular inner sidewall (4-4-4), the annular outer sidewall (4-4-5), and the cavity front wall (4-4-6) constitute an annular cavity, and the annular cavity is connected to the outlet of the axial flow fan (4-2); the arc-shaped inner roll (4-4-2) is connected to the annular inner sidewall (4-4-4), the arc-shaped inner roll (4-4-2) is bent inward, and a gradually contracting annular injection port (4-4-3) is formed between the arc-shaped outer roll (4-4-1) and the arc-shaped inner roll (4-4-2); the annular inner sidewall (4-4-4) gradually expands along the injection direction.

5. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A heating device is installed in the annular cavity for heating the annular cavity; a moisture content detection sensor is installed at the front baffle (4-1) for detecting the moisture of the fed material; when the moisture content of the material detected by the moisture content detection sensor exceeds a threshold value, the heating device is controlled to operate.

6. The differential axial flow separation and blocking prevention device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concave plate screen (6) comprises a pin shaft (6-1), an arc-shaped screen (6-2), a movable grid bar (6-3), a fixed grid bar (6-4), a T-shaped rotating bar (6-5), a movable frame (6-6), a second motor (6-7) and a second polyurethane skin (6-8); The two arc-shaped screens (6-2) are connected via a pin shaft (6-1), one end of a plurality of movable electric push rods (8) is respectively connected to one side of the arc-shaped screen (6-2), and the other end of the movable electric push rod (8) is connected to the rear baffle (9). The two arc-shaped screens (6-2) are rotated around the pin shaft (6-1) by the extension and contraction of the movable electric push rod (8) to change the threshing gap; the arc-shaped screen (6-2) is connected to the top cover (5) via a second polyurethane skin (6-8); the two end surfaces of the arc-shaped screen (6-2) are respectively provided with A T-shaped rotating bar (6-5) is used for movably connecting with the limiting grooves of the rear baffle (9) and the high-speed heat flow ring (4); a plurality of grid bars are installed on each arc-shaped screen (6-2), wherein the grid bars include movable grid bars (6-3) and fixed grid bars (6-4), and a movable grid bar (6-3) that can move axially is provided on one side adjacent to the fixed grid bar (6-4); the plurality of movable grid bars (6-3) are connected by a movable frame (6-6), and the movable frame (6-6) is linearly moved by a transmission mechanism to adjust the screen hole area.

7. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The bottom of the movable frame (6-6) is fixed on a plurality of movable grid bars (6-3); a sleeve is provided on one end of each fixed grid bar (6-4); the sleeve is sleeved on the bottom of the movable frame (6-6); a rack structure is provided on the top of the movable frame (6-6); the rack structure is connected to a second motor (6-7) and is used to drive the movable frame (6-6) to move.

8. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The threshing section of the differential threshing and weeding device (7) comprises a spoke (7-1), a gear rod (7-2), rod teeth (7-3) and a bearing bush (7-4); a plurality of spokes (7-1) are mounted on the main shaft (1) via the bearing bush (7-4), and adjacent spokes (7-1) are connected via a plurality of gear rods (7-2); The grass discharge section of the differential threshing and grass discharge device (7) comprises a grass discharge radial disk, a grass discharge plate (7-5), a differential hollow shaft (7-6) and a bearing (7-7); the differential hollow shaft (7-6) passes through the main shaft (1), and the differential hollow shaft (7-6) is supported on the main shaft (1) through the bearing (7-7); grass discharge radial disks are respectively installed on both sides of the differential hollow shaft (7-6); a plurality of grass discharge plates (7-5) are evenly distributed between the grass discharge radial disks on both sides; the main shaft (1) and the differential hollow shaft (7-6) are driven by a first motor (11) at different speed ratios, respectively, to achieve differential rotation for threshing and grass discharge.

9. The differential axial flow separation and anti-blocking device based on telescopic expansion and circulating hot air according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The main shaft (1) and the output shaft of the first motor (11) are connected via a first transmission mechanism; the differential hollow shaft (7-6) and the output shaft of the first motor (11) are connected via a second transmission mechanism; the reduction ratio of the second transmission mechanism is smaller than that of the first transmission mechanism, and is used to make the speed of the grass removal section faster than that of the threshing section.

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