A high-efficiency and ultra-low pollution utilization method of petroleum and its alternative energy

Abstract

The application discloses a high-efficiency and ultra-low pollution utilization method of petroleum and alternative energy sources, and belongs to the technical field of petroleum processing.The method comprises the following steps: step 1, atmospheric distillation of crude oil; step 2, fractionation of light oil; step 3, preliminary cracking of heavy oil; step 4, high-pressure separation of the cracked raw material heavy oil; step 5, preparation of heavy oil slurry through microporous carrier filtration and electrostatic adsorption; and step 6, coke preparation.The application can guarantee the combustion effect of the heavy oil slurry and coke, improve the preparation efficiency and activity effect of the coke, significantly improve the low-pollution utilization performance of the petroleum and alternative energy sources, and meet the needs of petroleum and chemical processing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of petroleum processing technology, specifically relating to a method for the efficient and ultra-low pollution utilization of petroleum and its alternative energy sources. Background Technology

[0002] Petroleum is a mixture of gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons. It is formed from marine organisms through a long process of evolution and is a biogenic sedimentary oil. Petroleum is an essential resource in industrial production and has high availability.

[0003] Many scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted research on petroleum processing methods. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN101583697A discloses a method for steam cracking a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock containing synthetic crude oil, comprising: i) hydroprocessing a wide-boiling-range fraction comprising: a) a generally liquid hydrocarbon fraction substantially free of residual oil; b) a thermally cracked hydrocarbon liquid boiling in the range of 600℉ to 1050℉ to provide synthetic crude oil substantially free of residual oil; ii) adding a generally liquid hydrocarbon component boiling in the range of 100℉ to 1050℉ to the synthetic crude oil; and iii) cracking the mixture produced by ii) in a cracking furnace containing a radiant coil outlet to provide a cracked effluent, wherein the cracking is carried out under conditions sufficient to obtain a radiant coil outlet temperature (which is greater than the optimal radiant coil outlet temperature for cracking synthetic crude oil alone).

[0004] The petroleum processing method in this technology is not effective in producing the end products coke and heavy oil slurry. Furthermore, due to poor sorting and filtration processes, a large amount of metal particles tend to remain in the coke and heavy oil slurry. During combustion, these internal metal particles absorb heat and generate a large amount of smoke, which affects production capacity and subsequent preparation and utilization, making it difficult to meet usage requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a highly efficient and ultra-low-pollution method for utilizing petroleum and its alternative energy sources, specifically including the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: After preheating the crude oil, inject it into the petroleum fractionation tower for atmospheric distillation to decompose the crude oil into a simple mixture.

[0007] Step 2: The light oil is fractionated to prepare solvent oil, gasoline, aviation kerosene, kerosene, clean diesel oil, and diesel oil, which will be processed in subsequent steps.

[0008] Step 3: Preliminary cracking of heavy oil. The remaining heavy oil from distillation is fed into a catalytic cracking tower, which is heated to the cracking temperature. A high-temperature regenerated catalyst is added to initiate the cracking reaction. After a portion of the reaction oil and gas is initially cracked, the reaction oil and gas is stabilized through fractionation and a suction stabilization system. The oil layers that meet the standards for each oil layer are then placed into storage tanks.

[0009] Step 4: The cracked feedstock heavy oil is heated by a heat exchanger and then enters the reactor. A high-temperature regeneration catalyst is added, and high-pressure separation is carried out by a booster and a high-pressure separator. After separation, the oil is pumped into the stabilizer. At this time, the external heat exchanger heats the oil, and the hydrogen obtained in the stabilizer and the high-pressure separator is discharged. The stabilized gasoline in the stabilizer is separated into layers. At the same time, cracked gas and liquefied gas are separated in the stabilization tower. The separation and preparation of light and heavy petroleum gas in crude oil is completed.

[0010] Step 5: The separated oil slurry is mixed and placed in a filter tank for filtration through a multi-microporous carrier. The filtered oil slurry is then passed through an electrostatic packing bed to remove solid metal waste from the oil slurry, thus obtaining heavy oil slurry.

[0011] Step 6: After the separated coke is calcined at high temperature, it is placed in a water-containing quenching tank for re-quenching. The additives are heated to form steam, which is then introduced into the coke slurry for aeration. The coke dries and solidifies during the heating and aeration process, and is then shaped to obtain coke.

[0012] In the above method, the pyrolysis temperature in step 3 is 700-1000℃.

[0013] In the above method, in steps 3 and 4, the high-temperature regeneration catalyst is a zeolite molecular sieve cracking catalyst. Preferably, the Lanet-35 catalyst is an acidic solid catalyst, and the amount added is 80-90% of the space unit filled in the tower.

[0014] In the above method, in step 4, the heat exchange temperature of the external heat exchanger is 450-500℃.

[0015] In the above method, in step 4, the high-pressure separation pressure is 10-15 MPa.

[0016] In the above method, in step 5, the multi-microporous carrier is a mixture of ceramic carrier and metal carrier, and the mass mixing ratio of ceramic carrier and metal carrier is 3:1.

[0017] In the above method, in step 6, the high-temperature calcination temperature of the coke is 500-550℃.

[0018] In the above method, in step 6, the additive is at least one of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, and zinc chloride.

[0019] In the above method, step 6, the forming process is ball milling pelletizing or die cutting block making.

[0020] Beneficial Effects: This invention significantly improves the low-pollution utilization performance of petroleum and alternative energy sources, meeting the needs of petrochemical processing. This invention removes solid metal waste from oil slurry through microporous carrier filtration and electrostatic packed bed adsorption, ensuring the combustion efficiency of the resulting heavy oil slurry and coke. Simultaneously, during coke preparation, additives are used to aerate the coke slurry, significantly improving coke preparation efficiency and activity. Furthermore, the solid metal waste removed from the oil slurry using this invention can be easily recycled, improving waste recycling capacity. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following embodiments are conventional methods, and the materials and reagents used are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] This invention provides a method for the efficient and ultra-low pollution utilization of petroleum and its alternative energy sources, specifically including the following steps:

[0025] Step 1: Distill the crude oil at atmospheric pressure.

[0026] Crude oil is preheated in a preheated heater and then injected into a petroleum fractionation tower. Through atmospheric distillation, the complex mixture is broken down into a simpler mixture.

[0027] Step 2: Fractionate the light oil.

[0028] The distilled light oil is separated into solvent oil, gasoline, aviation kerosene, kerosene, clean diesel oil, and diesel oil through a fractionation tower, which will be further processed into each type of oil.

[0029] Step 3: Perform preliminary cracking on the heavy oil.

[0030] The remaining heavy oil from distillation is fed into a catalytic cracking tower, which is then heated to 700-1000℃. Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst is added, filling 80-90% of the packed space within the tower. The heavy oil and Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst undergo a cracking reaction. After initial cracking to produce some reaction oil and gas, the reaction oil and gas are stabilized through fractionation and a suction stabilization system. Finally, the oil layers that meet the standards for each layer are placed into storage tanks.

[0031] Step 4: The cracked feedstock heavy oil is subjected to high-pressure separation.

[0032] The cracked feedstock heavy oil is heated by a heat exchanger at 450-500℃ and then fed into a reactor. A Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst is added, filling 80-90% of the space in the reactor tower. The oil is then subjected to high-pressure separation at 10-15 MPa using a booster and a high-pressure separator. After separation, the oil is pumped into a stabilizer, where it is heated by an external heat exchanger at 450-500℃. The hydrogen obtained in the stabilizer and high-pressure separator is discharged, and the stabilized gasoline in the stabilizer is separated into layers. At the same time, cracked gas and liquefied petroleum gas are separated in the stabilizer tower. The separation and preparation of light and heavy petroleum gas in the crude oil is completed.

[0033] Step 5: Prepare heavy oil slurry by filtration through a microporous carrier and electrostatic adsorption.

[0034] The separated oil slurry is mixed and placed in a filter tank for filtration through a multi-microporous carrier. The multi-microporous carrier is a mixture of ceramic and metal carriers in a mass ratio of 3:1. The filtered oil slurry is then passed through an electrostatic packed bed. Metal solid particles can be polarized in a high-voltage electric field and adsorbed on the surface of the packed bed, thereby removing solid metal waste from the oil slurry. After further separation and filtration, heavy oil slurry is obtained. The metal solid particles adsorbed in the microporous ceramic carrier and on the surface of the packed bed are collected and recycled for later use.

[0035] Step 6: Coke is prepared by ball milling with sodium hydroxide as an additive.

[0036] After being calcined at a high temperature of 500-550℃, the coke is placed in a water-containing quenching tank for re-quenching. After being crushed at high temperature, the coke forms a coke slurry. Sodium hydroxide is heated to form steam and introduced into the coke slurry for aeration. Sodium hydroxide reacts with the coke to produce an oxidation reaction. The coke dries and solidifies during the heating and aeration process. After being granulated by a ball mill, coke is obtained.

[0037] Preheating the crude oil using a heater during the introduction process can improve reaction efficiency. The preheated heavy petroleum hydrocarbons are then injected into the petroleum fractionation tower. The petroleum fractionation tower can easily decompose complex mixtures into simpler mixtures through atmospheric distillation of crude oil. Furthermore, the fractionation tower can quickly discharge multiple light oils after stratification.

[0038] In this embodiment, during the initial pyrolysis, an acidic solid catalyst, Lanet-35, is added to carry out the pyrolysis reaction. This catalyst uses ReHY and an improved ultrastable molecular sieve as active components and employs a highly active composite matrix, which features strong heavy oil conversion capacity, good coke selectivity, and strong resistance to heavy metal pollution.

[0039] In the preparation of heavy oil slurry, the separated slurry is finely filtered through a microporous carrier. This microporous carrier is a mixture of ceramic and metal carriers, which can capture and filter different particles based on the different adsorption capacities of metal and ceramic, meeting the application requirements. The filtered slurry is then subjected to electrostatic adsorption through an electrostatic packed bed, effectively removing solid metal waste from the slurry to ensure the combustion efficiency of the resulting heavy oil slurry and coke. Furthermore, the solid metal waste adsorbed on the surface of the microporous ceramic carrier and the packed bed can be collected by scraping, facilitating recycling and improving the recycling capacity of waste materials.

[0040] During coke preparation, additives are used to heat and generate steam to aerate the coke slurry. This aerates the slurry, creating new pores and expanding existing ones within the carbon material. Water molecules in the steam enhance pyrolysis efficiency and increase the physical activity of the carbon material through steam bubbling. This allows the carbon material to carbonize and activate at a specific temperature, significantly improving preparation efficiency and effectiveness, and enhancing the low-pollution utilization of petroleum and its byproducts, thus meeting the needs of petrochemical processing. In this embodiment, sodium hydroxide is used as a heating agent to wash away residual sulfuric acid in petroleum coke, achieving refining. The chemical reaction equation is: 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ = Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O.

[0041] This embodiment uses a ball mill for granulation during coke forming, which reduces the difficulty of coke forming and discharge and meets the needs of overall maintenance.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This invention provides a method for the efficient and ultra-low pollution utilization of petroleum and its alternative energy sources, specifically including the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Distill the crude oil at atmospheric pressure.

[0045] Crude oil is preheated in a preheated heater and then injected into a petroleum fractionation tower. Through atmospheric distillation, the complex mixture is broken down into a simpler mixture.

[0046] Step 2: Fractionate the light oil.

[0047] The distilled light oil is separated into solvent oil, gasoline, aviation kerosene, kerosene, clean diesel oil, and diesel oil through a fractionation tower, which will be further processed into each type of oil.

[0048] Step 3: Perform preliminary cracking on the heavy oil.

[0049] The remaining heavy oil from distillation is fed into a catalytic cracking tower, which is then heated to 700-1000℃. Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst is added, filling 80-90% of the packed space within the tower. The heavy oil and Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst undergo a cracking reaction. After initial cracking to produce some reaction oil and gas, the reaction oil and gas are stabilized through fractionation and a suction stabilization system. Finally, the oil layers that meet the standards for each layer are placed into storage tanks.

[0050] Step 4: The cracked feedstock heavy oil is subjected to high-pressure separation.

[0051] The cracked feedstock heavy oil is heated by a heat exchanger at 450-500℃ and then fed into a reactor. A Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst is added, filling 80-90% of the space in the reactor tower. The oil is then subjected to high-pressure separation at 10-15 MPa using a booster and a high-pressure separator. After separation, the oil is pumped into a stabilizer. At this point, an external heat exchanger heats the oil at 450-500℃. The hydrogen obtained in the stabilizer and high-pressure separator is discharged, and the stabilized gasoline in the stabilizer is separated into layers. Meanwhile, cracked gas and liquefied petroleum gas are separated in the stabilizer tower. The separation and preparation of light and heavy petroleum gas from the crude oil is completed.

[0052] Step 5: Prepare heavy oil slurry by filtration through a microporous carrier and electrostatic adsorption.

[0053] The separated oil slurry is mixed and placed in a filter tank for filtration through a multi-microporous carrier. The multi-microporous carrier is a mixture of ceramic and metal carriers in a mass ratio of 3:1. The filtered oil slurry is then passed through an electrostatic packed bed. Metal solid particles can be polarized in a high-voltage electric field and adsorbed on the surface of the packed bed, thereby removing solid metal waste from the oil slurry. After further separation and filtration, heavy oil slurry is obtained. The metal solid particles adsorbed in the microporous ceramic carrier and on the surface of the packed bed are collected and recycled for later use.

[0054] Step 6: Using sodium hydroxide as an additive, coke is prepared by die-cutting.

[0055] After being calcined at a high temperature of 500-550℃, the coke is placed in a water-containing quenching tank for re-quenching. After being crushed at high temperature, the coke forms a coke slurry. Sodium hydroxide is heated to form steam and introduced into the coke slurry for aeration. Sodium hydroxide reacts with the coke to produce an oxidation reaction. The coke dries and solidifies during the heating and aeration process. After being die-cut into blocks, coke is obtained.

[0056] Unlike Example 1, this example uses a die-cutting mechanism in the coke forming process, which can ensure the integrity of the coke forming blocks and thus ensure the impact resistance of the coke during transportation, meeting the needs of transshipment.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] This invention provides a method for the efficient and ultra-low pollution utilization of petroleum and its alternative energy sources, specifically including the following steps:

[0059] Step 1: Distill the crude oil at atmospheric pressure.

[0060] Crude oil is preheated in a preheated heater and then injected into a petroleum fractionation tower. Through atmospheric distillation, the complex mixture is broken down into a simpler mixture.

[0061] Step 2: Fractionate the light oil.

[0062] The distilled light oil is separated into solvent oil, gasoline, aviation kerosene, kerosene, clean diesel oil, and diesel oil through a fractionation tower, which will be further processed into each type of oil.

[0063] Step 3: Perform preliminary cracking on the heavy oil.

[0064] The remaining heavy oil from distillation is fed into a catalytic cracking tower, which is then heated to 700-1000℃. Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst is added, filling 80-90% of the packed space within the tower. The heavy oil and Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst undergo a cracking reaction. After initial cracking to produce some reaction oil and gas, the reaction oil and gas are stabilized through fractionation and a suction stabilization system. Finally, the oil layers that meet the standards for each layer are placed into storage tanks.

[0065] Step 4: The cracked feedstock heavy oil is subjected to high-pressure separation.

[0066] The cracked feedstock heavy oil is heated by a heat exchanger at 450-500℃ and then fed into a reactor. A Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst is added, filling 80-90% of the space in the reactor tower. The oil is then subjected to high-pressure separation at 10-15 MPa using a booster and a high-pressure separator. After separation, the oil is pumped into a stabilizer. At this point, an external heat exchanger heats the oil at 450-500℃. The hydrogen obtained in the stabilizer and high-pressure separator is discharged, and the stabilized gasoline in the stabilizer is separated into layers. Meanwhile, cracked gas and liquefied petroleum gas are separated in the stabilizer tower. The separation and preparation of light and heavy petroleum gas from the crude oil is completed.

[0067] Step 5: Prepare heavy oil slurry by filtration through a microporous carrier and electrostatic adsorption.

[0068] The separated oil slurry is mixed and placed in a filter tank for filtration through a multi-microporous carrier. The multi-microporous carrier is a mixture of ceramic and metal carriers in a mass ratio of 3:1. The filtered oil slurry is then passed through an electrostatic packed bed. Metal solid particles can be polarized in a high-voltage electric field and adsorbed on the surface of the packed bed, thereby removing solid metal waste from the oil slurry. After further separation and filtration, heavy oil slurry is obtained. The metal solid particles adsorbed in the microporous ceramic carrier and on the surface of the packed bed are collected and recycled for later use.

[0069] Step 6: Prepare coke using zinc chloride as an additive.

[0070] After being calcined at a high temperature of 500-550℃, the coke is placed in a water-containing quenching tank for catalytic re-firing. The coke is then crushed at high temperature to form a coke slurry. Zinc chloride is heated to generate steam, which is then introduced into the coke slurry for aeration. The zinc chloride reacts with the coke to produce an oxidation reaction. The coke dries and solidifies during the heating and aeration process, and is then shaped and processed to obtain coke.

[0071] Unlike Examples 1 and 2, this example uses zinc chloride to wash and aerate the coke. During the activation process, carbon is deposited on the surface of zinc chloride, and zinc chloride molecules are wrapped by the carbon skeleton, which can form a large number of pore structures inside the carbon material, thereby significantly improving the activation effect of the coke.

[0072] The above embodiments are merely illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many more variations and modifications can be made based on the teachings of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the efficient and ultra-low pollution utilization of petroleum and its alternative energy sources, characterized in that: The method includes the following steps: Step 1: After preheating the crude oil for a certain period of time, inject it into the petroleum fractionation tower for atmospheric distillation to decompose the crude oil into a simple mixture; Step 2: The distilled light oil is fractionated to produce solvent oil, gasoline, kerosene and diesel, which will be processed in subsequent steps; Step 3: Pass the remaining heavy oil from distillation into the catalytic cracking tower, heat the catalytic cracking tower to the cracking temperature, add a high-temperature regenerated catalyst to carry out the cracking reaction, and after initially cracking out a portion of the reaction oil and gas, stabilize the reaction oil and gas through fractionation and intake stabilization system, and place the oil layers that meet the standards into their respective storage tanks. Step 4: The cracked feedstock heavy oil is heated by a heat exchanger and then enters the reactor. A high-temperature regeneration catalyst is added, and high-pressure separation is carried out by a turbocharger and a high-pressure separator. After separation, it is pumped into the stabilizer. At this time, the external heat exchanger is heated, and the hydrogen obtained in the stabilizer and the high-pressure separator is discharged. The stabilized gasoline in the stabilizer is separated into layers, and cracked gas and liquefied gas are separated in the stabilization tower. Step 5: The oil slurry obtained after separation is mixed and placed in a filter tank for filtration through a multi-microporous carrier. The filtered oil slurry is then passed through an electrostatic packing bed to remove solid metal waste from the oil slurry, thus obtaining heavy oil slurry. Step 6: After the separated coke is calcined at high temperature, it is placed in a water-containing quenching tank for re-quenching. After the coke is crushed at high temperature, a coke slurry is formed. The additive is heated to form steam and introduced into the coke slurry for aeration. The coke dries and solidifies during the heating and aeration process, and then is shaped to obtain coke. The additive is zinc chloride.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3, the pyrolysis temperature is 700-1000℃.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps 3 and 4, the high-temperature regeneration catalyst is a zeolite molecular sieve cracking catalyst.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In steps 3 and 4, the high-temperature regeneration catalyst is a Lanet-35 acidic solid catalyst, and the amount added is 80-90% of the space unit filled in the tower.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the heat exchange temperature of the external heat exchanger is 450-500℃.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, the high-pressure separation pressure is 10-15 MPa.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 5, the multi-microporous carrier is a mixture of ceramic carrier and metal carrier, and the mass mixing ratio of ceramic carrier and metal carrier is 3:

1.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the high-temperature calcination temperature of the coke is 500-550℃.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 6, the forming process is ball milling pelletizing or die cutting block making.

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