A method for sampling new pollutants in water

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for sampling new pollutants in water bodies, relates to the technical field of polluted water sample collection, and aims to solve the problem that existing water body sampling cannot well cover pollutants of different forms. The present invention comprises setting up a baffle; calculating the sampling area according to demand, selecting a baffle that can meet the sampling area, and placing the baffle at a predetermined sampling location while minimizing the agitation of the water surface; salvaging surface water samples within the baffle range, separating the collected water samples with a grid for solid-liquid separation to obtain floating matter adsorbed new pollutant samples and filtered water, flushing the grid, combining the flushing water and the filtered water, taking the upper layer after sufficient standing, and combining it with the non-liquid part after solid-liquid separation to serve as a floating new pollutant sample; taking the surface water and then taking the middle layer water and enriching it, and finally taking the bottom mud. The sampling process of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, and the new pollutant samples are completely collected, thus avoiding the defect that the original sampling method cannot cover pollutants of various forms, and helping to improve the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of polluted water sample collection, in particular to a method for sampling new pollutants in water bodies. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the economy and society, a wide variety of chemicals are widely used in production and daily life, and are discharged into the water environment through various means. Pollutant detection is a crucial basis for pollutant analysis and treatment. Currently, common pollutant detection methods are limited to a few substances, such as COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phosphorus, and lack sufficient attention to some emerging pollutants. These emerging pollutants are often difficult to degrade and are highly toxic, posing significant risks to the environment and human health.

[0003] Emerging pollutants come in many forms, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and perfluorinated compounds (PFAs). These pollutants vary in properties and exist in different forms in water. Substances with high solubility or low concentrations dissolve in water; insoluble substances, due to differences in density, float on the surface while others sink to the bottom. Furthermore, due to varying affinities for solid matter in water, some are adsorbed while others are not. Currently, most sampling methods only detect a single form of emerging pollutants, resulting in incomplete results. Therefore, a new method for sampling emerging pollutants in water is urgently needed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for sampling new pollutants in water bodies to solve the problem that existing water body sampling cannot well encompass pollutants of different forms.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for sampling new pollutants in water, comprising the following specific steps:

[0006] S1 Set up a baffle; calculate the sampling area according to the requirements, select a baffle that can meet the sampling area, and place the baffle at the predetermined sampling location while minimizing the agitation of the water surface, isolating the water to be sampled inside the baffle from the water outside the baffle;

[0007] S2 collects surface water; salvages surface water samples within the baffle range, separates the collected water samples using a grid for solid-liquid separation, and obtains floating matter-adsorbed new pollutant samples and filtered water; rinses the grid, combines the rinse water and filtered water, and after sufficient stagnancy, collects the upper layer, combines it with the non-liquid portion after solid-liquid separation, and uses it as a floating new pollutant sample;

[0008] S3 takes water from the middle layer; takes water from 1 / 2 of the water depth within the baffle range, and uses an enrichment device to enrich it on site to obtain a sample of dissolved new pollutants, and records the enrichment multiple;

[0009] S4 takes bottom sludge; uses a commercially available sludge sampler to obtain bottom sludge within the baffle range as a sample of new pollutants adsorbed in the bottom sludge.

[0010] Preferably, the baffle is in the shape of a hollow tube after being set up, and its length is greater than the water depth at the sampling location. When the baffle is set up, it is vertically inserted into the bottom mud, and the upper end is exposed above the water surface.

[0011] Preferably, the baffle comprises a plurality of flexible-connected plates, and the flexible connections are sealed and watertight structures.

[0012] Preferably, after the baffle is set up, the length exposed above the water surface is the same as the water depth at the setting location.

[0013] Preferably, the material of the baffle is polypropylene.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, surface water is first salvaged with a sampling bucket, and then solid and oily substances that have not been salvaged are carefully sucked out with a low-power water pump, and the two parts are combined as a surface water sample.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the enrichment device adopts an automatic extractor.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. This sampling method for new pollutants in water bodies divides new pollutants in water bodies into floating adsorption state, floating state, dissolved state, and sediment adsorption state, which basically covers the existence forms of new pollutants in water bodies, and conducts one-time and separate sampling according to the divided forms. Not only is the new pollutant samples collected completely, avoiding the defect of the original sampling method that cannot cover various forms of pollutants, but the sampling process is simple and easy to operate, which helps to improve the accuracy of subsequent analysis.

[0018] 2. The sampling method for new pollutants in this water body uses baffles to pre-demarcate the sampling area to prevent uneven floating new pollutants from flowing during the stirring process, making it difficult to quantify the sampling area. After taking the surface water, the new pollutants in the water outside the baffle will not be added to the baffle, so when taking the middle layer water and bottom mud, new pollutants in the adsorbed and floating states of floating objects will not be taken.

[0019] 3. The sampling method for new pollutants in this water body is to enrich the middle layer water using an enrichment device on site after taking it, which solves the transportation problem caused by low concentration and large sampling volume; the bottom sediment collection step is set after taking the middle layer water instead of before, which can prevent the stirring of the bottom sediment and the turbidity of the middle layer water. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2This is a schematic top view of the structure of an embodiment of the baffle in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] A method for sampling new pollutants in water, see Figure 1 , including the following specific steps:

[0023] S1 Set up the baffle: First, calculate the sampling area according to the requirements, select a baffle that can meet the sampling area, and place the baffle at the predetermined sampling location while minimizing the agitation of the water surface. The baffle is isolated from the water outside the baffle.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the baffle is hollow and tubular after being set up, and its length should be greater than the water depth of the sampling location. When the baffle is set up, it is vertically inserted into the bottom mud, and the upper end is exposed to the water surface. For further reference, after the baffle is set up, the length exposed to the water surface can be the same as the water depth at the setting location. For example, if the water depth at the sampling location is 15 cm, the total length of the baffle is 30 cm. The advantage is that the exposed length is sufficient for easy operation, and stirring of the water body can be avoided during sampling. Even if the water body outside the baffle range is stirred, it will not splash and affect the inside of the baffle, ensuring that the water sample and area within the baffle range remain unchanged;

[0025] See Figure 2 The baffle structure can be as follows: comprising a plurality of flexible connected plates, and the flexible connection is a sealed and watertight structure, for example, adjacent plates are connected by silicone material or soft plastic, which is convenient for folding and carrying. If portability is not required, an integral tubular structure can also be used;

[0026] The material of the baffle can be polypropylene, or other materials with weaker adsorption of pollutants.

[0027] S2 collects surface water; salvages surface water samples within the baffle range, separates the collected water samples using a grid for solid-liquid separation, and obtains floating matter-adsorbed new pollutant samples and filtered water; rinses the grid, combines the rinse water and filtered water, and after sufficient stagnancy, collects the upper layer, combines it with the non-liquid portion after solid-liquid separation, and uses it as a floating new pollutant sample;

[0028] Specifically, the surface water sample can be obtained by first using a sampling bucket to salvage the surface water, and then using a low-power water pump to carefully suck out the solid and oily substances that have not been salvaged, and combining the two parts as the surface water sample.

[0029] S3 takes water from the middle layer; water is collected at 1 / 2 the water depth within the baffle range and enriched on site using an enrichment device, such as an automatic extractor. After enrichment, a sample of dissolved new pollutants is obtained and the enrichment multiple is recorded. Enrichment can solve the transportation problem caused by low concentration and large sampling volume;

[0030] S4 takes bottom sludge; uses a commercially available sludge sampler to obtain bottom sludge within the baffle range as a sample of new pollutants adsorbed in the bottom sludge.

[0031] In the above method, the floating matter adsorption state is the form adsorbed by objects floating on the water surface (such as floating plants). The composition of this part of new pollutants is relatively complex. The floating state is the form floating on the water, which is mainly substances that are insoluble in water and have a lower density than water. It will only appear when the concentration exceeds the solubility. Once it appears, it is easy for the concentration to exceed the solubility by several times, which is easy to identify; the dissolved new pollutants are evenly distributed in the water body and the content is low; the sediment adsorption state is the form adsorbed by the sediment, including new pollutants that are insoluble in water and have a higher density than water and are entrained by the sediment, as well as new pollutants that enter the sediment through other actions.

[0032] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection defined by the claims.

[0033] Any matters not described in detail in the present invention are well-known technologies to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for sampling new pollutants in water, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1 Set up a baffle; calculate the sampling area according to the requirements, select a baffle that can meet the sampling area, and place the baffle at the predetermined sampling location while minimizing the agitation of the water surface, isolating the water to be sampled inside the baffle from the water outside the baffle; S2 collects surface water; salvages surface water samples within the baffle range, separates the collected water samples using a grid for solid-liquid separation, and obtains floating matter-adsorbed new pollutant samples and filtered water; rinses the grid, combines the rinse water and filtered water, and after sufficient stagnancy, collects the upper layer, combines it with the non-liquid portion after solid-liquid separation, and uses it as a floating new pollutant sample; S3 takes water from the middle layer; takes water from 1 / 2 of the water depth within the baffle range, and uses an enrichment device to enrich it on site to obtain a sample of dissolved new pollutants, and records the enrichment multiple; S4 takes bottom mud; Use a commercially available sludge sampler to obtain bottom sludge within the baffle range as a sample of new pollutants adsorbed in the bottom sludge.

2. The method for sampling new pollutants in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: After being set up, the baffle is in the shape of a hollow tube, with a length greater than the water depth at the sampling location. When setting up, the baffle is vertically inserted into the bottom mud, with the upper end exposed above the water surface.

3. The method for sampling new pollutants in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The baffle comprises a plurality of flexible-connected plates, and the flexible connections are sealed and watertight structures.

4. The method for sampling new pollutants in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: After the baffle is set up, the length exposed above the water surface is the same as the water depth at the setting location.

5. The method for sampling new pollutants in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the baffle is polypropylene.

6. The method for sampling new pollutants in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, surface water is first salvaged using a sampling bucket, and then solid and oily substances that have not been salvaged are carefully sucked out using a low-power water pump, and the two parts are combined as a surface water sample.

7. The method for sampling new pollutants in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the enrichment device uses an automatic extractor.

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