Basin-wide flood classification method and device considering quantification of temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application provides a basin-wide flood classification method and device that considers the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, and relates to the field of hydrological analysis technology. The method includes: obtaining the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rain gauge station in the basin above the target section according to the historical hydrological data of the target basin; wherein the average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day of the target flood-causing precipitation process at the rain gauge station; according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold, the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin are obtained; according to the regional flood characteristics and the flood volume simulation value, the basin-wide flood comprehensive index is obtained; according to the basin-wide flood comprehensive index, the basin-wide flood type of the target flood in the target basin is determined; wherein the target flood is caused by the target flood. It can improve the accuracy and real-time performance of basin-wide flood classification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hydrological analysis, and in particular to a method and device for basin-wide flood classification that considers the quantification of temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. Background Art

[0002] Floods are divided into three categories: basin-wide, regional and local floods. Basin-wide floods refer to floods where the flood source area covers all or most of the basin, and the main and tributary rivers encounter floods, forming floods of larger magnitude than the basin. They are often characterized by complex encounters with main and tributary rivers, long duration of rainy season and flood season, wide impact range and rarity, and are the focus of natural disaster prevention and control. At present, basin-wide floods are divided into three categories: basin-wide super-large floods, basin-wide major floods and basin-wide general floods.

[0003] In order to meet the needs of basin flood defense in the new era, basin flood magnitudes are mainly defined and classified based on the restored values ​​of flow, flood volume and other factors. Currently, basin flood classification is mostly determined by a single flood peak or flood volume index, but since the calculation of flood peak and flood volume is difficult and is mostly performed after the flood occurs, the current basin flood classification method has low accuracy and is not real-time.

[0004] In this case, there is an urgent need to provide a basin-wide flood classification scheme that takes into account the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of basin-wide flood division. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to solve at least one of the above technical defects. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a basin-wide flood classification method that considers the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, including:

[0007] According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station in the basin above the target section are obtained; among which, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of flooding caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day of the flood-causing precipitation process of the target rainfall station;

[0008] According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold, the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin are obtained;

[0009] According to the regional flood characteristics and flood volume simulation values, the basin flood comprehensive index is obtained;

[0010] According to the comprehensive index of basin flood, the basin flood type of the target flood event in the target basin is determined; among which, the target flood event is caused by the target flood-causing precipitation.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of the present application, based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station in the basin above the target section is obtained, including:

[0012] According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained; the flood duration refers to the duration from the start time of the flood-causing precipitation of the target rainfall station to the time when the flood in the target section recedes;

[0013] According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain gauge during the flood-causing duration period, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rain gauge is obtained.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station is obtained based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin, including:

[0015] Determine the comprehensive duration domain based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin;

[0016] Based on the historical hydrological data of each rainfall station in the comprehensive time domain, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at each moment is obtained; among them, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the maximum joint superposition effect of flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station on the spatial scale.

[0017] According to the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity, determine the peak time when the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the maximum value within the comprehensive duration domain period;

[0018] The flood receding time of the target section is determined during the period from the peak moment to the end moment of the comprehensive elapsed time domain; the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the minimum value when the flood recedes in the target section;

[0019] The flood duration is determined based on the start time of flood-causing precipitation in the target session of each rainfall station and the time when the flood recedes in the target section.

[0020] In an optional embodiment of the present application, according to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain gauge within the flood-causing duration period, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rain gauge is obtained, including:

[0021] According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain station during the flood-causing period, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rain station at each time is obtained under different sliding time windows; among them, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of a single station reflects the maximum superposition effect of floods caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day;

[0022] According to the flood-causing precipitation intensity of a single station, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the period under the sliding time window is calculated;

[0023] According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each period, the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each rainfall period is determined as the average flood-causing precipitation intensity.

[0024] In an optional embodiment of the present application, it also includes:

[0025] According to the longitude and latitude of the target section and the longitude and latitude of each rainfall station, the distance weight coefficient of each rainfall station is determined;

[0026] The sliding time window is determined based on the distance weight coefficient and flood duration.

[0027] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold, including:

[0028] According to the ratio of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold corresponding to each rainfall station, the precipitation intensity index of each rainfall station is obtained;

[0029] Based on the spatial distribution of rainfall stations, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the regional average precipitation intensity index are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the precipitation intensity index.

[0030] The spatial search slides from the upstream to the downstream of the target basin in turn to obtain the average precipitation intensity index of the rainfall stations in the spatial search domain, and the maximum value of each average precipitation intensity index is used as the regional flood index;

[0031] According to the precipitation intensity index of each rain gauge station and the spatial distribution of rain gauge stations, the regional rain and flood coverage is obtained; among them, the regional rain and flood coverage reflects the wide range of flood-causing precipitation in spatial scale;

[0032] The regional flood-causing characteristics are obtained based on the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity, the regional average precipitation intensity index, the regional flood-causing index and the regional rain and flood coverage.

[0033] In an optional embodiment of the present application, it also includes:

[0034] Input regional flood characteristics into the rainfall and flood simulation model to obtain the flood volume simulation value;

[0035] Among them, the rain and flood simulation model is trained based on the regional flood characteristics corresponding to the flood-causing precipitation of the target event and the natural characteristic flood volume of the target section period.

[0036] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a basin-wide flood classification device that considers the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, including:

[0037] The data analysis module is used to obtain the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station in the basin above the target section based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin; the average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of the previous precipitation and the daily precipitation in the target flood-causing precipitation process at the rainfall station;

[0038] A feature acquisition module is used to obtain the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin based on the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold;

[0039] An index acquisition module is used to obtain a basin-wide flood comprehensive index based on regional flood characteristics and flood volume simulation values;

[0040] The type identification module is used to determine the basin flood type of the target flood event in the target basin based on the basin flood comprehensive index; wherein the target flood event is caused by the target flood-causing precipitation.

[0041] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the basin-wide flood classification method that considers the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation provided in any of the above embodiments.

[0042] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the basin-wide flood classification method that considers the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation provided in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0043] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application are:

[0044] Starting from the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of precipitation and floods, regional flood characteristics are introduced, and a basin flood classification method that considers the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation is developed. A basin flood division method is established from the perspective of rainfall-flood correlation. While ensuring the reliability of flood classification, the problem of difficult calculation of peak flood volume restoration is avoided, and the wide-area and continuous characteristics of basin floods are fully considered. It can meet the needs of real-time forecasting and flood control scheduling, and better provide basic support for basin flood control and disaster reduction in the new era. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in describing the embodiments of the present application are briefly introduced below.

[0046] Figure 1 A flow chart of a basin-wide flood classification method considering the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a basin flood classification method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the distribution of rainfall stations in a study area provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 4 A box plot of regional flood characteristics provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Figure 5 A scatter correlation diagram of the maximum 7-day flood volume simulation value and the measured value provided in the embodiment of the present application,

[0051] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a basin-wide flood classification device that considers the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the drawings in the present application. It should be understood that the implementation methods described below in conjunction with the drawings are exemplary descriptions for explaining the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

[0054] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless specifically stated, the singular forms "one", "said", and "the" used herein may also include plural forms. It should be further understood that the terms "including" and "comprising" used in the embodiments of the present application refer to that the corresponding features can be implemented as the presented features, information, data, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the implementation as other features, information, data, steps, operations, elements, components and / or combinations thereof supported by the technical field. It should be understood that when we say that an element is "connected" or "coupled" to another element, the one element may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or it may refer to that the one element and the other element establish a connection relationship through an intermediate element. In addition, the "connection" or "coupling" used herein may include wireless connection or wireless coupling. The term "and / or" used herein indicates at least one of the items defined by the term, for example, "A and / or B" may be implemented as "A", or as "B", or as "A and B".

[0055] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] The following is an explanation of the terms and related technologies involved in this application:

[0057] In order to meet the needs of river basin flood prevention work in the new era, in May 2021, the Ministry of Water Resources issued the Notice on the National River Basin Flood Division Regulations (Trial) (Water Defense

[2021] No. 153), which mainly defines and classifies river basin flood magnitudes based on the restored values ​​of factors such as flow and flood volume.

[0058] Therefore, to classify and determine basin-wide floods under the existing conditions, we must first determine the restoration values ​​of flood peaks, flood volumes and other factors based on stations or sections. However, affected by climate change and strong human activities, it is increasingly difficult to restore and calculate flood peaks and flood volumes, especially in large rivers (such as the Yangtze River Basin), where thousands of large, medium and small water conservancy projects have been built. The regulation and storage of water projects has a significant impact on the floods of main and tributary rivers, making the encounter with rainstorms and floods more complicated. In addition, the current accelerated global warming, as well as the changes in the underlying surface and the frequent use of water by human activities, have interfered with the regional hydrological cycle to a certain extent, causing the generation and convergence mechanism of rainstorms and floods to change accordingly, exacerbating the difficulty of restoring and calculating flood peaks and flood volumes. Flood peak and flood volume restoration is mostly a post-event review work, so the determination of basin-wide flood levels is mostly determined after the flood occurs, after a comprehensive analysis of the review, which cannot meet the needs of real-time hydrological forecasting and flood control scheduling.

[0059] In addition, the current classification of river basin floods is mostly determined by a single flood peak or flood volume index, which does not fully consider the wide-area and continuous characteristics of river basin rainfall and floods, which is easy to cause judgment errors, so the uncertainty of river basin flood classification is still high. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of intelligent river basin flood defense in the new era, it is necessary to further innovate the river basin flood classification method.

[0060] In view of the above technical background and the needs of flood control and disaster reduction in river basins, the present invention attempts to start from the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of precipitation floods, introduce regional flood characteristics, and develop a river basin flood classification method that considers the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation. A river basin flood division method is established from the perspective of rainfall-flood correlation. While ensuring the reliability of flood classification, the problem of difficulty in calculating peak flood volume restoration is avoided, and the wide-area and continuous characteristics of river basin floods are fully considered. It can meet the needs of real-time forecasting and flood control scheduling, and better provide basic support for river basin flood control and disaster reduction in the new era.

[0061] The following describes several exemplary embodiments to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application and the technical effects produced by the technical solutions of the present application. It should be noted that the following embodiments can refer to, draw on or combine with each other, and the same terms, similar features and similar implementation steps in different embodiments will not be described repeatedly.

[0062] Figure 1 A flow chart of a basin-wide flood classification method considering the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:

[0063] Step S101, based on the historical hydrological data of the target watershed, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station in the watershed above the target section are obtained; wherein the average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of the previous precipitation and the daily precipitation in the target flood-causing precipitation process at the rainfall station;

[0064] Step S102, obtaining the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold;

[0065] Step S103, obtaining a basin-wide flood comprehensive index according to regional flood characteristics and flood volume simulation values;

[0066] Step S104, determining the basin flood type of the target flood event in the target basin according to the basin flood comprehensive index; wherein the target flood event is caused by the target flood-causing precipitation.

[0067] Specifically, before conducting the research, it is necessary to select the target watershed, target section, target flood event and target flood-causing precipitation. The target flood event is caused by the target flood-causing precipitation.

[0068] It is understandable that, considering the effects of soil infiltration and evaporation losses on runoff, the study believes that when heavy rain or other rare precipitation occurs, it is easy to cause basin-wide flood disasters. In this application, flood-causing precipitation can be precipitation at the level of heavy rain, torrential rain, and extremely heavy rain. In addition, according to the classification of precipitation levels and the actual impact of precipitation on the environment, precipitation can be adaptively selected as the target flood-causing precipitation for research.

[0069] In addition, the method provided in the present application can be applied to basin-wide flood classification of target floods that have already occurred, or to basin-wide flood classification of target floods that are occurring (or may occur) in real time. The research object (i.e., target flood) can be selected according to actual needs.

[0070] In step S101, based on the historical hydrological data of the target watershed, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station in the watershed above the target section are obtained.

[0071] For example, select the target basin and target section, and organize and establish the target basin precipitation basic candidate database. According to the flood control and regulation needs of the target basin and the distribution of the hydrological station network, select the section where the hydrological station is located as the target section, denoted as A. The rainfall station in the basin above the target section is denoted as P. i, i=1,2,…,N, N is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin.

[0072] The daily precipitation data and longitude and latitude coordinates of the rain gauge stations in the basin above the target section are collated and collected as the precipitation element candidate database, and the daily runoff data of the hydrological stations in the target section are collated and collected as the flood element candidate database. The precipitation element candidate database and the flood element candidate database are the historical hydrological data of the target basin.

[0073] According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each raingauge station in the basin above the target section is analyzed, and the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each raingauge station in the basin above the target section is obtained.

[0074] It can be understood that this application takes into account the influence of previous precipitation and rain and flood lag, and introduces the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rain gauge station. The average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of the previous precipitation in the target flood-causing precipitation process at the rain gauge station and the precipitation on the day causing flooding. The superposition effect means that when there is more precipitation in the previous period, the precipitation on the day is likely to cause more serious flooding (or flooding).

[0075] In addition, the specific calculation method of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station can be determined according to actual conditions, and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0076] According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the daily precipitation series of each rainfall station in the basin above the target section are analyzed, and the p-quantile precipitation is taken as the daily precipitation threshold IM i .

[0077] Daily precipitation threshold IM i , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0078]

[0079] Where P i (j) is the daily precipitation at the i-th rainfall station on the j-th day, m is the total number of days in the precipitation series, IM i is the daily precipitation threshold of the ith rainfall station, and P is the percentile, which is generally between 99% and 99.5%.

[0080] It is understandable that, in general, the daily precipitation threshold is considered to refer to the minimum precipitation that triggers flood events. When the daily precipitation in a certain area exceeds this threshold, it will cause floods.

[0081] In step S102, the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target watershed are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold determined in step S101.

[0082] It can be understood that the regional flood-causing characteristics reflect the quantitative value of the flood impact caused by the target flood-causing precipitation on the entire target watershed. The precipitation data and watershed characteristics can be analyzed and calculated through the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold. The regional flood-causing characteristics can obtain the specific definition of each feature and the specific number of features, which can be determined according to actual needs.

[0083] In step S103, a basin flood comprehensive index is obtained according to the regional flood characteristics and the flood volume simulation value. It can be understood that the specific calculation method of the basin flood comprehensive index can be determined according to the actual situation.

[0084] For example, the calculation formula of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index can be fitted according to each feature of the regional flood characteristics and the simulated flood volume value; or the characteristic comprehensive value can be obtained according to each feature of the regional flood characteristics, and the calculation formula of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index can be fitted with the characteristic comprehensive value and the simulated flood volume value; or considering the differences in the numerical ranges between the characteristics, each feature and the simulated flood volume value can be normalized, and the average value of each normalized value can be used as the basin-wide flood comprehensive index.

[0085] It should be noted that flood volume refers to the amount of water passing through a certain estuary or section within a certain period of time. The simulated flood volume value here is the flood volume of the target section period corresponding to the target flood-causing precipitation process. If the target flood-causing precipitation corresponds to the target flood that has occurred, the simulated flood volume value can be the natural characteristic flood volume of the target section period (i.e., the measured value or the reverse calculated value); if the target flood-causing precipitation corresponds to the target flood that is occurring in real time, the simulated flood volume value can be the predicted value of the flood volume of the target section period obtained based on the pre-trained rain and flood simulation model.

[0086] In addition, before obtaining the predicted value of the flood volume in the target section period with a pre-trained rain and flood simulation model, the rain and flood simulation model must be trained first. The specific structure and training method of the rain and flood simulation model, as well as the type of sample data, can be determined according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.

[0087] In step S104, the basin flood type of the target flood event in the target basin is determined according to the basin flood comprehensive index.

[0088] It is understandable that basin floods are currently divided into three categories: basin-wide extreme floods, basin-wide major floods, and basin-wide relatively large floods. The value range of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index corresponding to different basin-wide flood types is related to the specific calculation method of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index. The specific basin-wide flood comprehensive index calculation method and the value range of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index corresponding to different basin-wide flood types can be determined according to actual needs. If the basin-wide flood classification standard changes, the value range of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index corresponding to different basin-wide flood types can be changed accordingly.

[0089] For example, if the differences in the numerical ranges between the features are taken into account, each feature and flood simulation value is normalized, and the average value of each normalized value is used as the basin-wide flood comprehensive index. The basin-wide flood comprehensive index R is calculated. f , create a basin-wide flood classification method based on the percentile method, and achieve a reasonable division of basin-wide floods of different levels.

[0090] For example, taking 85%, 90% and 95% as the classification basis, the index classification threshold YZ is calculated, and the classification standard is as follows:

[0091]

[0092] Based on the thresholds of each level, the basin flood classification levels are formulated as follows:

[0093]

[0094] After determining the basin-wide flood grade determination results (i.e. the basin-wide flood type of the target flood event in the target basin) according to the above-mentioned basin-wide flood classification and grading rules, we can formulate emergency scheduling strategies for flood defense of corresponding levels in combination with the basin flood defense system and existing scheduling procedures for water projects in the study area, so as to provide basic support for basin hydrological forecasting and intelligent flood control and regulation in the new era in practical applications.

[0095] For example, based on the precipitation forecast results of each rainfall station in the study area, the above method is used to calculate the basin-wide flood comprehensive index, and the basin-wide flood classification is carried out for the target floods that are occurring (or may occur) corresponding to the real-time target flood-causing precipitation. The basin-wide floods that may be caused by future precipitation and their possible magnitude are timely estimated, so as to effectively guide the basin to prepare flood forecasts and warnings in advance, adopt corresponding emergency dispatch strategies for dispatch, better provide basic support for basin flood control and disaster reduction in the new era, and realize timely or even early flood control and regulation, which has a strong practical significance, so as to reduce the losses that may be caused by basin-wide floods.

[0096] For example, if the basin-wide flood level is determined to be a basin-wide major flood, then based on the basin flood defense system in the study area and the existing scheduling procedures for water projects, an emergency plan for joint regulation of water projects should be formulated, and flood control response measures should be deployed in advance to better provide basic support for basin flood control and disaster reduction in the new era.

[0097] The technical solution provided in this embodiment starts with the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of precipitation and floods, introduces regional flood characteristics, and develops a basin flood classification method that considers the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation. A basin flood division method is established from the perspective of the correlation between rain and flood. While ensuring the reliability of flood classification, the problem of difficulty in calculating the peak flood volume restoration is avoided, and the wide-area and continuous characteristics of basin floods are fully considered. It can meet the needs of real-time hydrological forecasting and flood control scheduling, and better provide basic support for basin flood control and disaster reduction in the new era.

[0098] In an optional embodiment of the present application, based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station in the basin above the target section is obtained, including:

[0099] According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained; the flood duration refers to the duration from the start time of the flood-causing precipitation of the target rainfall station to the time when the flood in the target section recedes;

[0100] According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain gauge during the flood-causing duration period, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rain gauge is obtained.

[0101] Specifically, in order to accurately calculate the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station, it is necessary to determine the flood-causing duration of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin. The flood-causing duration refers to the duration from the start of the flood-causing precipitation at the target rainfall station to the time when the flood at the target section recedes, recorded as TC.

[0102] On the basis of determining the flood duration corresponding to each rain gauge station, the flood-causing precipitation process within the flood duration period of each rain gauge station can be extracted according to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, and then the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rain gauge station can be obtained.

[0103] For example, for any rainfall station, determine its flood duration and the flood-causing precipitation process within the flood duration period, analyze the superimposed impact of the previous precipitation and the current day precipitation on flooding within any continuous m-day time window within the flood duration range within the comprehensive duration domain, and determine the maximum value. Determine the average value of the maximum value corresponding to different time windows (1-TC) during the target flood precipitation process of the rainfall station, and obtain the average flood precipitation intensity of the target flood precipitation of each rainfall station.

[0104] The technical solution provided in this embodiment can accurately analyze the duration of flood-causing precipitation at the target rainfall station and its impact on the target flood by analyzing and determining the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rainfall station at the target rainfall station, which is helpful to better characterize the flood process in the basin. The average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target rainfall station at the target rainfall station can reflect the average value of the maximum superposition effect of flooding caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day of the target rainfall station at the flood-causing precipitation process, so as to evaluate the impact of the current precipitation and the previous precipitation on the flood during the flood process.

[0105] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station is obtained based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin, including:

[0106] Determine the comprehensive duration domain based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin;

[0107] Based on the historical hydrological data of each rainfall station in the comprehensive time domain, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at each moment is obtained; among them, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the maximum joint superposition effect of flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station on the spatial scale.

[0108] According to the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity, determine the peak time when the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the maximum value within the comprehensive duration domain period;

[0109] The flood receding time of the target section is determined during the period from the peak moment to the end moment of the comprehensive elapsed time domain; the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the minimum value when the flood recedes in the target section;

[0110] The flood duration is determined based on the start time of flood-causing precipitation in the target session of each rainfall station and the time when the flood recedes in the target section.

[0111] Specifically, in the step of obtaining the flood duration of the target flood precipitation at each rain gauge based on the historical hydrological data of the target watershed, it is first necessary to determine the comprehensive duration domain based on the historical hydrological data of the target watershed.

[0112] It is understandable that, considering that basin-wide floods are generally persistent and wide-area, the longest flood duration in all flood processes is selected as the comprehensive duration domain of basin-wide floods.

[0113] For example, the human-computer interaction method is used to extract the flood process of the target section over the years, denoted as Q j (t), t=1,2,…,T,j=1,2,…,M. T represents the duration of a flood, and M represents the total number of floods in previous years.

[0114] The maximum value method is used to comprehensively determine the comprehensive duration domain of basin-wide floods, which is recorded as T1.

[0115]

[0116] Where, T(j) represents the duration of the jth flood process, T e (j) represents the end time of the jth flood process, T s (j) represents the starting time of the jth flood process.

[0117] According to the comprehensive duration domain T1 of the basin flood, let T s is the starting time of the comprehensive time domain, T e is the end time of the comprehensive time domain.

[0118] After the comprehensive duration domain is determined, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at each time in the comprehensive duration domain is used as the basis for determining the flood duration. Among them, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the maximum combined superposition effect of flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station on a spatial scale.

[0119] The precipitation process of each rainfall station in the time domain T1 period is uniformly selected and recorded as P i (T1), i = 1, 2, ..., N, N is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin. The flood process in the target section is recorded as Q j (T1), j = 1, 2, ..., M. According to the historical hydrological data of the standard basin, the precipitation and flood data in the comprehensive time domain are uniformly selected as the basic analysis data (i.e., the historical hydrological data of each rainfall station).

[0120] From the perspective of rainfall-flood correlation, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station is determined in the comprehensive duration domain T1, and the flood duration is recorded as TC. Then:

[0121] TC=t e -t s

[0122] In the formula, t s is the starting time of the target flood-causing precipitation, t e The time when the flood in the target section recedes.

[0123] Understandably, t s Determined based on daily precipitation and the preset daily precipitation threshold. For example, the moment when daily precipitation is ≥ 0.1 mm is considered to be the start time of the target flood-causing precipitation.

[0124] For example, further calculation of the end time of precipitation-induced flooding t e The following steps are also included:

[0125] For each rainfall station in the basin, we first consider establishing a mapping relationship between single-station precipitation and floods, and propose a single-station flood-causing precipitation intensity P f , reflecting the maximum superimposed effect of flooding (or flood disasters) caused by previous precipitation and the precipitation on that day.

[0126] According to the characteristics of runoff generation and convergence in the study area and the spatial distribution of rainfall stations, the precipitation at a certain time k in the comprehensive duration domain T1 is set as P(k). Assuming that the impact of the previous precipitation lasts for m days, the m-day window is used to slide forward and calculate the precipitation intensity of different durations t. Then the maximum value is taken as the flood-causing precipitation intensity of the station at time k, which is recorded as P f (k):

[0127]

[0128] For basin floods, it is also necessary to consider the flood situations of different main and tributary rivers, that is, it is necessary to consider the combined superposition effect of flood-causing precipitation at different rainfall stations. Therefore, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity CP is proposed in this study. f , reflecting the maximum combined superposition effect of flood (or flood disaster) caused by flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station on a spatial scale.

[0129] Assume that the flood-causing precipitation intensity at the i-th rainfall station at time k is P f (k,i), considering that basin floods usually cause large-scale flooding due to rain and flood, the spatial search domain with radius D is taken (D covers at least half of the stations in the basin), and the spatial search is gradually performed from upstream to downstream.

[0130] Assuming that the spatial search is performed C times, the number of stations falling into the spatial search domain each time is n, and the average value of the flood-causing precipitation intensity of n stations is taken to represent the average precipitation intensity in the search domain. After C spatial sliding searches, the maximum value of the average precipitation intensity in each search domain is taken as the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at time k, which is recorded as CP f (k):

[0131]

[0132] Calculate the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at each moment in the comprehensive duration domain, and take the time corresponding to its maximum value as t max (i.e. the peak moment when the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches its maximum value within the comprehensive time domain period).

[0133] The end time of flood-causing precipitation is t e Use the following formula to judge:

[0134]

[0135] Where Ts and Te are the start and end time of the comprehensive time domain, respectively.

[0136] According to the constraints in the above formula, the flood receding time of the target section can be determined within the period from the peak moment to the end moment of the comprehensive time domain. When the flood recedes in the target section, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the minimum value.

[0137] According to the target time of each rainfall station, the flood-causing precipitation starts at t s and the flood receding time t of the target section e , determine the flood-causing duration TC.

[0138] It can be understood that the above-mentioned method for calculating the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity is a specific example that can be implemented in this aspect. Other methods can also be used to calculate the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.

[0139] The technical solution provided in this embodiment uses the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity as the basis for determining the end time of the flood duration, fully considers the joint superposition effect among the rain gauges, comprehensively considers the influence between the rain gauges, and uses the time when the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the minimum value as the time when the flood in the target section recedes to determine the flood duration. This can better reflect the flood characteristics of the target section, accurately estimate the time when the flood recedes, and can effectively improve the accuracy of the flood duration, so as to improve the accuracy of the subsequent analysis of regional flood characteristics.

[0140] In an optional embodiment of the present application, according to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain gauge within the flood-causing duration period, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rain gauge is obtained, including:

[0141] According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain station during the flood-causing period, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rain station at each time is obtained under different sliding time windows; among them, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of a single station reflects the maximum superposition effect of floods caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day;

[0142] According to the flood-causing precipitation intensity of a single station, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the period under the sliding time window is calculated;

[0143] According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each period, the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each rainfall period is determined as the average flood-causing precipitation intensity.

[0144] Specifically, according to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rainfall station within the flood-causing duration, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the rainfall station is calculated by sliding combination nesting within the flood-causing duration, and the concept of disaster level is introduced to establish a flood index to reflect the impact of flood-causing precipitation on floods, and the average flood-causing precipitation intensity P of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained. f , the specific steps are as follows:

[0145] For the flood-causing precipitation process of the rainfall station, the hysteresis of the impact of the current precipitation on the flood of the target section must also be considered, that is, the hysteresis of runoff generation and confluence must be considered. The distance weight correction is performed on the m-day time window to calculate the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of different time windows, and then the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of different window bandwidths is taken as the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation process of the station.

[0146] The formula is as follows:

[0147]

[0148] Where i is the station number of the rainfall station; P f i (k,T i ) is the rainfall at the ith rainfall station T i The flood-causing precipitation intensity at the kth moment within the time window of the day; P f i (T i ) indicates the i-th rainfall station at T i The average flood-causing precipitation intensity in days; P f i represents the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation process at the i-th rainfall station; TC is the flood-causing duration of the target flood-causing precipitation; m is the window width of the time sliding (i.e., the width of the sliding time window); β i Represents the distance weight coefficient of the i-th rainfall station.

[0149] It can be understood that the distance weight coefficient is used to correct the width of the sliding time window. The specific size of the distance weight coefficient is positively correlated with the distance between the rain gauge and the selected target section. The specific calculation formula can be determined according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.

[0150] The technical solution provided in this embodiment reflects the maximum superposition effect of floods caused by previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day by calculating the single-station flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rain gauge at each moment under different sliding time windows, and determines the average flood-causing precipitation intensity according to the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in the time period, so that the average flood-causing precipitation intensity can more comprehensively consider the cumulative effect in the precipitation process and better reflect the extreme situation of floods caused by the target flood-causing precipitation.

[0151] In an optional embodiment of the present application, it also includes:

[0152] According to the longitude and latitude of the target section and the longitude and latitude of each rainfall station, the distance weight coefficient of each rainfall station is determined;

[0153] The sliding time window is determined based on the distance weight coefficient and flood duration.

[0154] Specifically, the specific size of the distance weight coefficient is positively correlated with the distance between the rain gauge station and the selected target section. The distance between each rain gauge station and the selected target section is calculated based on the longitude and latitude of the target section and the longitude and latitude of each rain gauge station, and the distance weight coefficient of each rain gauge station is determined based on the distance.

[0155] The formula is as follows:

[0156]

[0157] Where x0 and y0 represent the longitude and latitude coordinates of the target section; x(i) and y(i) represent the longitude and latitude coordinates of the i-th rainfall station; and N is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin.

[0158] After determining the distance weight coefficient, in the step of calculating the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation process, the sliding time window is corrected according to the distance weight coefficient and the flood duration. The specific correction steps are as described above and will not be repeated here.

[0159] The technical solution provided in this embodiment determines the distance weight coefficient of each rain gauge station based on the distance between different rain gauge stations and the target section, and uses the distance weight coefficient to correct the length of the sliding time window, fully considering the degree of influence of different stations on the target section, and more accurately reflecting the contribution of different stations to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity, so that the sliding time window can adapt to different flood conditions and precipitation characteristics. A longer sliding time window can better reflect the continuity and cumulative effect of the precipitation process, while a shorter sliding time window can more sensitively capture changes in the precipitation process. This application uses distance as the basis for correcting the sliding time window, which can make the calculation results of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity more accurate and reasonable, and improve the effect of flood prediction and prevention and control.

[0160] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold, including:

[0161] According to the ratio of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold corresponding to each rainfall station, the precipitation intensity index of each rainfall station is obtained;

[0162] Based on the spatial distribution of rainfall stations, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the regional average precipitation intensity index are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the precipitation intensity index.

[0163] The spatial search slides from the upstream to the downstream of the target basin in turn to obtain the average precipitation intensity index of the rainfall stations in the spatial search domain, and the maximum value of each average precipitation intensity index is used as the regional flood index;

[0164] According to the precipitation intensity index of each rain gauge station and the spatial distribution of rain gauge stations, the regional rain and flood coverage is obtained; among them, the regional rain and flood coverage reflects the wide range of flood-causing precipitation in spatial scale;

[0165] The regional flood-causing characteristics are obtained based on the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity, the regional average precipitation intensity index, the regional flood-causing index and the regional rain and flood coverage.

[0166] Specifically, this application starts with the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of precipitation and floods, and introduces regional flood-causing characteristics to quantify the wide-area and continuous characteristics of basin floods. Regional flood-causing characteristics specifically include: regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP f , Regional Average Precipitation Intensity Index CHP f , Regional Flood Index CEHP f and regional flood coverage C f .

[0167] According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold, the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin are obtained. The specific steps are as follows:

[0168] The concept of disaster level is introduced to establish a flood index to reflect the flood-causing impact of flood-causing precipitation. Assuming that a flood will be caused when the precipitation on a certain day reaches the daily precipitation threshold, the intensity of flood-causing precipitation is coupled to construct a single-station precipitation intensity index that reflects the intensity of flood disasters.

[0169] The formula is as follows:

[0170]

[0171] In the formula, HP f i represents the single station precipitation intensity index of the i-th rainfall station; P f i represents the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation process at the i-th rainfall station; IM i is the daily precipitation threshold of the i-th rainfall station.

[0172] According to HP f i Take the value to divide the flood impact, if HP f i ≥1, indicating that the precipitation at a single station has an impact on flooding; if HP f i <1, indicating that precipitation at a single station has no impact on flooding.

[0173] Based on the calculation of the flood-causing precipitation intensity and flood intensity index of the above single station, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP was proposed by considering the spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall stations. f , Regional Average Precipitation Intensity Index CHPf and regional flood index CEHP f , the specific calculation steps are as follows:

[0174] Calculate the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP f If the spatial distribution of rainfall stations in the basin is uniform, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rainfall station can be used as the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity. If the spatial distribution of rainfall stations in the basin is uneven, the Thiessen polygon method is used to calculate according to the area ratio weight. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0175]

[0176] In the formula, represents the Thiessen polygon area weight of the i-th rainfall station. f i It represents the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the flood-causing precipitation process at the i-th rainfall station; N is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin.

[0177] Calculate the regional average precipitation intensity index CHP f If the spatial distribution of rainfall stations in the basin is uniform, the average value of the rainfall intensity index of each rainfall station can be used as the regional average rainfall intensity index. If the spatial distribution of rainfall stations in the basin is uneven, the Thiessen polygon method is used to calculate according to the area ratio weight. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0178]

[0179] In the formula, HP represents the Thiessen polygon area weight of the i-th rainfall station. f i It represents the average precipitation intensity index of the flood-causing precipitation process at the i-th rainfall station; N is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin.

[0180] Calculation of regional flood index CEHP f Based on the calculation of precipitation intensity index at a single station, the regional flood index CEHP was proposed by considering the superposition flood effect of different main and tributary rivers. f , reflecting the maximum joint superposition effect of flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station on the spatial scale causing the target flood. Assume that the radius of the spatial search domain is D (D covers at least half of the stations in the basin), and perform spatial search sliding step by step from upstream to downstream. Assuming that the spatial search is performed C times, the number of stations falling into the spatial search domain each time is n, and the average value of the precipitation intensity index of n stations represents the average precipitation intensity in the search domain. After C times of spatial sliding search, the maximum value of the average precipitation intensity index of each search domain is taken as the regional flood index.

[0181] The formula is as follows:

[0182]

[0183] In the formula, represents the average precipitation intensity index in the jth spatial search domain; n is the total number of stations in the spatial search domain.

[0184] The regional rainfall and flood coverage is calculated based on the precipitation intensity index and flood impact level of each rain gauge station.

[0185] The formula is as follows:

[0186]

[0187] In the formula, num() represents the counting function; NU represents the number of rain gauges with a precipitation intensity index greater than 1, that is, the number of stations where precipitation at the rain gauges affects flooding. S() represents the sum of the areas divided by the Thiessen polygon method; S all Represents the total basin area above the target section; C f It is the regional rainfall and flood coverage, which characterizes the wide range of flood-causing precipitation in spatial scale.

[0188] Furthermore, considering the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP f , Regional Average Precipitation Intensity Index CHP f and regional flood index CEHP f The value range is different. In order to ensure the accuracy and convenience of subsequent basin flood classification, the above data can be normalized and expressed in percentage.

[0189] The maximum and minimum value normalization method is used to normalize each of the above data to obtain the normalized regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP f1 , Regional Average Precipitation Intensity Index CHP f1 , Regional Flood Index CEHP f1 and regional flood coverage C f1 .

[0190] The formula is as follows:

[0191]

[0192] The technical solution provided in this embodiment proposes a basin-wide flood classification method that considers the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation. From the perspective of rain-flood correlation, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP is introduced. f , Regional Average Precipitation Intensity Index CHP f and regional flood index CEHP fQuantitative indices such as these are used to quantitatively characterize the rarity, widespreadness, persistence, and occurrence of river basin floods, and then a quantitative method and grade classification standard for river basin floods are constructed to achieve autonomous classification of river basin floods, providing basic support for intelligent flood control and regulation in the river basin in the new era.

[0193] In an optional embodiment of the present application, it also includes:

[0194] Input regional flood characteristics into the rainfall and flood simulation model to obtain the flood volume simulation value;

[0195] Among them, the rain and flood simulation model is trained based on the regional flood characteristics corresponding to the flood-causing precipitation of the target event and the natural characteristic flood volume of the target section period.

[0196] Specifically, the present application adopts a rain and flood simulation model to obtain the simulated flood volume at the target section. The rain and flood simulation model is trained based on the regional flood characteristics corresponding to the target flood-causing precipitation and the natural characteristic flood volume of the target section period as samples.

[0197] It is understandable that the specific architecture and training method adopted by the rain and flood simulation model can be selected according to actual needs, and this application does not limit this.

[0198] For example, the CP of flood-causing precipitation processes in previous years f , CHP f CEHP f , C f The independent variable is the natural characteristic flood volume (such as the maximum 5d, 7d, 15d or 30d flood volume) in the target section period corresponding to the flood-causing precipitation processes in previous years is the dependent variable.

[0199] Intelligent algorithms such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are selected to build a rainwater simulation model based on deep learning architecture.

[0200] Assume that there are M rain and flood processes, 2 / 3 of them are used for model calibration, and the remaining 1 / 3 are used for model accuracy verification. The accuracy of the simulation is evaluated based on the simulated values ​​and the measured values.

[0201] When calculating the accuracy evaluation index, indicators such as Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NS) and total balance error BIAS can be selected for evaluation.

[0202] The formula is as follows:

[0203]

[0204] Where W i s represents the simulated value of the flood element of the i-th field, W i o represents the measured value of the flood element of the ith field, and M represents the number of training and testing periods. Preferably, when the value range of NS is greater than 0.80 and the absolute value of BIAS is less than 5%, the simulation accuracy is acceptable.

[0205] The regional flood characteristics are input into the rain and flood simulation model trained by the above method to obtain the simulated flood volume value.

[0206] Furthermore, considering that the value ranges of regional flood-causing characteristics and flood volume simulation values ​​are different, in order to ensure the accuracy and convenience of subsequent basin-wide flood classification, each regional flood-causing characteristic and flood volume simulation value data can be normalized and expressed in percentage form.

[0207] Among them, the maximum and minimum value normalization method is used to calculate the flood simulation value W i s Perform normalization processing to obtain the normalized flood simulation value W i s1 .

[0208] The formula is as follows:

[0209]

[0210] For example, after normalizing all data, the normalized regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP can be taken as f1 , Regional Average Precipitation Intensity Index CHP f1 , Regional Flood Index CEHP f1 and regional flood coverage C f1 , and the normalized flood simulation value W i s1 The average value of the basin flood comprehensive index R f .

[0211] The formula is as follows:

[0212] R f =(CP f1 +CHP f1 +CEHP f1 +C f1 +W i s1 ) / 5

[0213] It can be understood that in addition to taking the average value of the data to calculate the basin-wide flood comprehensive index, different weights can be assigned to each data to measure its impact on the flood, and the basin-wide flood comprehensive index can be calculated using the weighted average calculation method.

[0214] The technical solution provided in this embodiment constructs regional flood characteristics (regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP f , Regional Average Precipitation Intensity Index CHP f and regional flood risk index CEHP f ) is used as a spatiotemporal quantitative index of precipitation. From the perspective of rainfall-flood correlation, a rainfall-flood simulation model based on a deep learning architecture and a basin-wide flood division standard are established. Under the condition of ensuring the reliability of flood classification, basin-wide flood division can be directly realized based on precipitation quantification, which is simple and convenient, and effectively avoids the difficulty of calculating peak flood volume restoration.

[0215] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a basin flood classification method provided in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the following is a specific example, taking the classification of each river basin flood in a time domain as an example, the specific application of the embodiment of the present application is described in detail:

[0216] It should be noted that the calculation method of some data in this example is the same as above. The specific calculation formula is referred to above and will not be repeated here.

[0217] Select the target basin and target section, and organize and establish the basic precipitation database of the target basin. That is, according to the flood control and regulation needs of the target basin and the distribution of the hydrological station network, select the section where the hydrological station is located as the target section, denoted as A. The rainfall station in the basin above the target section is denoted as P. i , i = 1, 2, ..., N, N is the total number of rainfall stations in the basin. The data on daily precipitation and longitude and latitude coordinates of rainfall stations in the basin above the target section are collated and collected as a candidate database for precipitation elements.

[0218] In this example, there are 57 rainfall stations in the basin above the selected target section, that is, N = 57. The daily precipitation series is from 1961 to 2020. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the distribution of rain gauges in a study area provided in an embodiment of the present application, the spatial distribution of rain gauges and target sections is shown in FIG. Figure 3 shown.

[0219] The human-computer interaction method is used to extract the flood process of the target section over the years, denoted as Q j (t), t=1,2,…,T,j=1,2,…,M. T represents the duration of a flood, and M represents the total number of floods in the past years. In this example, the maximum number of floods in the past years is taken, and a total of 60 floods are taken, that is, M=60.

[0220] The maximum value method is used to comprehensively determine the comprehensive duration domain of basin floods, which is recorded as T1. Considering that basin floods are generally persistent and wide-area, the longest duration of floods in the flood process is selected as the comprehensive duration domain of basin floods. In this example, the longest duration of floods in the 60 floods is 60 days, so 60 days is selected as the comprehensive duration domain of basin floods.

[0221] The total number of rainfall stations is 57, and the comprehensive duration domain of basin floods is 60 days. The precipitation element data and flood element data within the 60-day period of the comprehensive duration domain are uniformly selected as the basic analysis data.

[0222] During the 60-day precipitation process at the rain gauge station, the time of the first precipitation (daily precipitation ≥ 0.1 mm) was selected as the starting time of the flood duration, and the time when the flood ended after the flood peak of the section was selected as the ending time of the flood duration, and the flood duration was obtained, recorded as TC.

[0223] Taking into account the influence of soil infiltration and evaporation loss on runoff, the study believes that when rare precipitation such as heavy rain or above occurs, it is easy to cause basin-wide flood disasters. Therefore, the percentile method is adopted, and the p-th percentile precipitation of the daily precipitation series of each rain gauge station is taken as the daily precipitation threshold.

[0224] The series length is from 1961 to 2020, with a total of 21915 days; IM i is the daily precipitation threshold of the ith rainfall station. p is the percentile, generally 99% to 99.5%, and 99.5% in this example. The daily precipitation thresholds of each rainfall station are shown in Table 1.

[0225] Table 1 Characteristic values ​​of daily precipitation thresholds at each rainfall station in the study area

[0226] Eigenvalue Mean(mm) Max.(mm) Min.(mm) 57 rain gauges 51.2 80.0 39.6

[0227] Suppose the precipitation at a certain time k within the comprehensive duration domain of 60 days is P(k). According to the runoff characteristics of the basin in the study area and the spatial distribution of rain gauges, the impact of the previous precipitation lasts for 7 days. The 7-day window is used to slide forward and calculate the precipitation intensity of different durations t (1≤t≤7), and then the maximum value is taken as the flood-causing precipitation intensity of the station at time k.

[0228] There are 57 rainfall stations in total, so the spatial search domain D is set to 29, and the spatial search sliding is performed step by step from upstream to downstream. This spatial search is performed 29 times, and the number of stations falling into the spatial search domain each time is 29. The average value of the flood-causing precipitation intensity of the 29 stations is taken to represent the average precipitation intensity of the search domain. After 29 spatial sliding searches, the maximum value of the average precipitation intensity of the 29 search domains is taken as the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at time k.

[0229] Further, the time corresponding to the maximum regional flood-causing precipitation intensity is taken as t max , then take t max The corresponding time of the minimum regional flood-causing precipitation intensity during the period from t to the end time of the comprehensive duration domain, the end time of the flood duration domain is t e According to the flood duration of previous years, the flood precipitation process of previous rainfall stations can be extracted, and the flood duration of previous floods is shown in Table 2.

[0230] Table 2 Flood duration of the largest flood in the study area from 1961 to 2020

[0231] Eigenvalue Mean(d) Maximum (d) Minimum (d) 1961-2020 49.2 33 58

[0232] The specific steps for calculating regional flood characteristics are as follows:

[0233] The average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the flood-causing precipitation process of the rainfall station is calculated. When calculating, the distance weight correction is performed on the 10-day time window, so as to calculate the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of different time windows (1≤t≤10), and then the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of different window bandwidths is taken as the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the flood-causing precipitation process of the station. Furthermore, according to the spatial distribution of rainfall stations in the basin, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP is obtained. f .

[0234] In this example, the spatial distribution of rainfall stations is uniform, and the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rainfall station is used as the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity. The regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity over the years is 27.2-113.4 mm / d. In addition, the average precipitation intensity index of each rainfall station is used as the regional average precipitation intensity index. The regional average precipitation intensity index over the years is 0.52-1.72.

[0235] Based on the calculation of precipitation intensity index at a single station, considering the superposition flood effect of different main and tributary rivers, a regional flood index CEHP is proposed. f . In this example, the number of rainfall stations in the study area is 57, and the radius D of the spatial search domain is 29. The spatial search is performed step by step from upstream to downstream. The spatial search is performed 29 times, and the number of stations that fall into the spatial search domain is 29. The average value of the precipitation intensity index of the 29 stations represents the average precipitation intensity in the search domain. After 29 spatial sliding searches, the maximum value of the average precipitation intensity index of each search domain is taken as the regional flood index. The regional flood index over the years is 0.17~1.62. The basin area controlled by each rainfall station is divided according to the Thiessen polygon method, and the regional rainfall and flood coverage over the years is 0.0~1.0.

[0236] The regional flood characteristics corresponding to the maximum annual precipitation in the study area from 1961 to 2020 are shown in Table 3 below:

[0237] Table 3 Statistical values ​​of various flood-causing characteristics of the maximum precipitation in the study area from 1961 to 2020

[0238] Eigenvalue Mean Maximum Minimum <![CDATA[Regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity CP f (mm / d)]]> 70.5 18.9 113.4 <![CDATA[Regional average precipitation intensity index CHP f > 1.22 1.22 0.37 <![CDATA[Regional flood-causing index CEHP f > 0.42 0.17 0.62 <![CDATA[Regional rainstorm coverage C f > 0.67 0 1

[0239] Figure 4 A regional flood characteristic box diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application, such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the horizontal axis is the normalized regional flood characteristics.

[0240] In this example, the maximum 7-day natural characteristic flood volume of the target section is selected as the dependent variable, and the support vector machine (SVM) intelligent algorithm is selected to build a rain and flood simulation model based on a deep learning architecture. There are 60 rain and flood processes in total, 40 of which are used for model calibration, and the remaining 20 are used for model accuracy verification.

[0241] Figure 5 A scatter correlation diagram of the maximum 7-day flood volume simulation value and the measured value provided in the embodiment of the present application is based on the following example: Figure 5 The simulated and measured flood values ​​shown evaluate the accuracy of the rain and flood simulation model based on the deep learning architecture. The NS is 0.85, and the absolute value of BIAS is 0.87, which indicates good simulation accuracy.

[0242] After normalizing the obtained flood volume simulation values, the average value of the normalized regional flood characteristics and the normalized flood volume simulation values ​​is used as the basin flood comprehensive index R f The comprehensive index of basin floods over the years was obtained to be 0.06 to 0.97.

[0243] The basin flood classification standard was constructed using the percentile method, with 85%, 90%, and 95% as the thresholds for the level division of the basin flood comprehensive index. According to the thresholds of each level, the 60 floods were classified into basin flood levels, as shown in Table 4 below.

[0244] Table 4 Classification of the largest floods in each year from 1961 to 2020

[0245] Basin flood classification level The biggest flood in history Basin-wide severe flood 2011、1983、1984 Basin-wide flood 1964、1975、2005、2010、1982 General flood in the basin 2003、2014 No river basin flooding occurred other

[0246] According to the results of basin-wide flood level assessment, combined with the basin flood defense system in the study area and the existing dispatching procedures for water projects, an emergency dispatching strategy for flood defense of corresponding levels is formulated.

[0247] In response to the defects of the existing technology and practical needs, this application attempts to start from the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of precipitation and floods, introduce quantitative indexes such as regional rainfall and flood intensity, regional rainfall and flood coverage, and regional rainfall and flood process intensity, and develop a basin-wide flood classification method that considers the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of flood-causing precipitation. From the perspective of rainfall and flood correlation, a basin-wide flood division method is established. While ensuring the reliability of flood classification, the problem of the difficulty in calculating the peak flood volume restoration is avoided, and the wide-area and continuous characteristics of basin-wide floods are fully considered. It can meet the needs of real-time forecasting and flood control scheduling, and better provide basic support for basin hydrological forecasting and flood control and disaster reduction in the new era.

[0248] It should be understood that the above embodiment is only used as an example to describe the present invention in detail and does not constitute a limitation to the embodiments of the present application.

[0249] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a basin-wide flood classification device considering the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, a basin-wide flood classification device 60 considering the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation includes:

[0250] The data analysis module 601 is used to obtain the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station in the basin above the target section based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin; wherein the average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day of the flood-causing precipitation process of the target basin at the rainfall station;

[0251] The feature acquisition module 602 is used to obtain the regional flood-causing features corresponding to the target basin according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold;

[0252] The index acquisition module 603 is used to obtain a basin-wide flood comprehensive index according to regional flood characteristics and flood volume simulation values;

[0253] The type identification module 604 is used to determine the basin flood type of the target flood event in the target basin according to the basin flood comprehensive index; wherein the target flood event is caused by the target flood-causing precipitation.

[0254] The technical solution provided in this embodiment starts with the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of precipitation and floods, introduces regional flood characteristics, and develops a basin flood classification method that considers the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of flood-causing precipitation. A basin flood division method is established from the perspective of rainfall-flood correlation. While ensuring the reliability of flood classification, the problem of difficulty in calculating peak flood volume restoration is avoided, and the wide-area and continuous characteristics of basin floods are fully considered. It can meet the needs of real-time forecasting and flood control scheduling, and better provide basic support for basin flood control and disaster reduction in the new era.

[0255] The device of the embodiments of the present application can execute the method provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the implementation principles are similar. The actions performed by each module in the device of each embodiment of the present application correspond to the steps in the method of each embodiment of the present application. For the detailed functional description of each module of the device, please refer to the description in the corresponding method shown in the previous text, which will not be repeated here.

[0256] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the data analysis module is used to:

[0257] According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained; the flood duration refers to the duration from the start time of the flood-causing precipitation of the target rainfall station to the time when the flood in the target section recedes;

[0258] According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain gauge during the flood-causing duration period, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rain gauge is obtained.

[0259] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the data analysis module is used to:

[0260] Determine the comprehensive duration domain based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin;

[0261] Based on the historical hydrological data of each rainfall station in the comprehensive time domain, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at each moment is obtained; among them, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the maximum joint superposition effect of flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station on the spatial scale.

[0262] According to the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity, determine the peak time when the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the maximum value within the comprehensive duration domain period;

[0263] The flood receding time of the target section is determined during the period from the peak moment to the end moment of the comprehensive elapsed time domain; the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the minimum value when the flood recedes in the target section;

[0264] The flood duration is determined based on the start time of flood-causing precipitation in the target session of each rainfall station and the time when the flood recedes in the target section.

[0265] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the data analysis module is used to include:

[0266] According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain station during the flood-causing period, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rain station at each time is obtained under different sliding time windows; among them, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of a single station reflects the maximum superposition effect of floods caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day;

[0267] According to the flood-causing precipitation intensity of a single station, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the period under the sliding time window is calculated;

[0268] According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each period, the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each rainfall period is determined as the average flood-causing precipitation intensity.

[0269] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the data analysis module is used to:

[0270] According to the longitude and latitude of the target section and the longitude and latitude of each rainfall station, the distance weight coefficient of each rainfall station is determined;

[0271] The sliding time window is determined based on the distance weight coefficient and flood duration.

[0272] In an optional embodiment of the present application, the feature acquisition module is used to:

[0273] According to the ratio of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold corresponding to each rainfall station, the precipitation intensity index of each rainfall station is obtained;

[0274] Based on the spatial distribution of rainfall stations, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the regional average precipitation intensity index are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the precipitation intensity index.

[0275] The spatial search slides from the upstream to the downstream of the target basin in turn to obtain the average precipitation intensity index of the rainfall stations in the spatial search domain, and the maximum value of each average precipitation intensity index is used as the regional flood index;

[0276] According to the precipitation intensity index of each rain gauge station and the spatial distribution of rain gauge stations, the regional rain and flood coverage is obtained; among them, the regional rain and flood coverage reflects the wide range of flood-causing precipitation in spatial scale;

[0277] The regional flood-causing characteristics are obtained based on the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity, the regional average precipitation intensity index, the regional flood-causing index and the regional rain and flood coverage.

[0278] In an optional embodiment of the present application, it also includes:

[0279] The flood volume simulation module is used to input regional flood characteristics into the rain and flood simulation model to obtain the flood volume simulation value;

[0280] Among them, the rain and flood simulation model is trained based on the regional flood characteristics corresponding to the flood-causing precipitation of the target event and the natural characteristic flood volume of the target section period.

[0281] An electronic device is provided in an embodiment of the present application, including a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory. The processor executes the above computer program to implement the steps of the above-mentioned basin-wide flood classification method considering the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of precipitation. Compared with the relevant technology, it can achieve: starting from the multi-dimensional spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of precipitation and floods, introducing regional flood characteristics, and developing a basin-wide flood classification method considering the quantification of the spatiotemporal distribution of flood-causing precipitation, and establishing a basin-wide flood division method from the perspective of rain-flood correlation. Under the condition of ensuring the reliability of flood classification, the problem of difficulty in calculating the restoration of flood peak and flood volume is avoided, and the wide-area and continuous characteristics of basin-wide floods are fully considered. It can meet the needs of real-time forecasting and flood control scheduling, and better provide basic support for basin flood control and disaster reduction in the new era.

[0282] In an optional embodiment, an electronic device is provided. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application is shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, the electronic device 70 includes: a processor 701 and a memory 703. The processor 701 and the memory 703 are connected, such as through a bus 702. Optionally, the electronic device 70 may also include a transceiver 704, which may be used for data interaction between the electronic device and other electronic devices, such as data transmission and / or data reception. It should be noted that in actual applications, the transceiver 704 is not limited to one, and the structure of the electronic device 70 does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0283] Processor 701 may be a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a general purpose processor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. Processor 701 may also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0284] The bus 702 may include a path to transmit information between the above components. The bus 702 may be a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus. The bus 702 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 7 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0285] The memory 703 can be a ROM (Read Only Memory) or other types of static storage devices that can store static information and instructions, a RAM (Random Access Memory) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions, or an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory), a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) or other optical disk storage, optical disk storage (including compressed optical disk, laser disk, optical disk, digital versatile disk, Blu-ray disk, etc.), magnetic disk storage medium, other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store computer programs and can be read by a computer, without limitation herein.

[0286] The memory 703 is used to store the computer program for executing the embodiment of the present application, and the execution is controlled by the processor 701. The processor 701 is used to execute the computer program stored in the memory 703 to implement the steps shown in the above method embodiment.

[0287] The electronic devices in the embodiments of the present application may include, but are not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (personal digital assistants), PADs (tablet computers), PMPs (portable multimedia players), vehicle-mounted terminals (such as vehicle-mounted navigation terminals), wearable devices, etc., as well as fixed terminals such as digital TVs, desktop computers, etc.

[0288] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps and corresponding contents of the aforementioned method embodiment can be implemented.

[0289] It should be noted that the computer-readable storage medium mentioned above in the present application may be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium or any combination of the above two. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or device, or any combination of the above. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above.

[0290] In the present application, a computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that may be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. In the present application, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in a baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries a computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take a variety of forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination of the above. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which may send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in combination with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (radio frequency), etc., or any suitable combination of the above.

[0291] Computer program code for performing the operations of the present application may be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof, including, but not limited to, object-oriented programming languages, such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a separate software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0292] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", "1", "2", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that shown or described in the drawings.

[0293] It should be understood that, although each operation step is indicated by arrows in the flowchart of the embodiment of the present application, the implementation order of these steps is not limited to the order indicated by the arrows. Unless clearly stated herein, in some implementation scenarios of the embodiment of the present application, the implementation steps in each flowchart can be performed in other orders according to demand. In addition, some or all of the steps in each flowchart may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages based on actual implementation scenarios. Some or all of these sub-steps or stages may be executed at the same time, and each sub-step or stage in these sub-steps or stages may also be executed at different times respectively. In different scenarios of execution time, the execution order of these sub-steps or stages may be flexibly configured according to demand, and the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0294] The above is only an optional implementation method for some implementation scenarios of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the technical concept of the solution of the present application, other similar implementation methods based on the technical ideas of the present application are also within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A basin-wide flood classification method considering the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, characterized in that: include: According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station in the basin above the target section are obtained; wherein the average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of flooding caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day of the flood-causing precipitation process of the target rainfall station; According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold, the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin are obtained; According to the regional flood characteristics and flood volume simulation values, a basin-wide flood comprehensive index is obtained; Determine the basin flood type of the target flood event in the target basin according to the basin flood comprehensive index; wherein the target flood event is caused by the target flood-causing precipitation; According to the historical hydrological data of the target basin, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station in the basin above the target section is obtained, including: According to the historical hydrological data of the target watershed, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained; wherein the flood duration refers to the duration from the start time of the flood-causing precipitation of the target rainfall station to the time when the flood in the target section recedes; According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rainfall station within the flood-causing duration period, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained; The average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rain gauge station is obtained according to the flood-causing precipitation process at each rain gauge station within the flood-causing duration period, including: According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain station within the flood-causing duration period, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rain station at each time is obtained under different sliding time windows; wherein the flood-causing precipitation intensity of the single station reflects the maximum superposition effect of flooding caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day; According to the flood-causing precipitation intensity of the single station, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the time period under the sliding time window is calculated; According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in the time period, determining the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each rainfall period as the average flood-causing precipitation intensity; The regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target basin are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold, including: According to the ratio of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity corresponding to each rainfall station to the daily precipitation threshold, the precipitation intensity index of each rainfall station is obtained; Based on the spatial distribution of rainfall stations, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the regional average precipitation intensity index are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the precipitation intensity index; Perform spatial search and sliding from the upstream to the downstream of the target watershed in turn to obtain the average precipitation intensity index of the rainfall stations in the spatial search domain, and take the maximum value of each average precipitation intensity index as the regional flood index; According to the precipitation intensity index of each rain gauge station and the spatial distribution of the rain gauge station, the regional rain and flood coverage is obtained; wherein the regional rain and flood coverage reflects the wide range of flood-causing precipitation in the spatial scale; According to the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity, the regional average precipitation intensity index, the regional flood-causing index and the regional rain and flood coverage, the regional flood-causing characteristics are obtained; The basin-wide flood comprehensive index is obtained according to the regional flood-causing characteristics and flood volume simulation values, including: According to the regional flood-causing characteristics and the simulated flood volume, the basin-wide flood comprehensive index is obtained by adopting the calculation formula of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index; wherein the calculation formula of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index is obtained by fitting each feature corresponding to the regional flood-causing characteristics and the simulated flood volume, or by fitting each feature comprehensive value corresponding to the regional flood-causing characteristics and the simulated flood volume; Alternatively, according to the difference in the numerical range between each feature corresponding to the regional flood-causing feature, each feature and the flood simulation value are normalized to obtain each numerical normalization result, and the average value of each numerical normalization result is used as the basin-wide flood comprehensive index.

2. The basin flood classification method considering the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The flood-causing duration of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station is obtained based on the historical hydrological data of the target watershed, including: Determining a comprehensive duration domain based on historical hydrological data of the target watershed; According to the historical hydrological data of each rainfall station in the comprehensive time domain period, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity at each moment is obtained; wherein the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the maximum joint superposition effect of flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station on a spatial scale; According to the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity, determine the peak time at which the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches a maximum value within the comprehensive duration domain period; Determine the flood receding time of the target section within the time period corresponding to the peak moment to the end moment of the comprehensive duration domain; wherein, at the flood receding time of the target section, the regional flood-causing precipitation intensity reaches the minimum value; The flood duration is determined based on the start time of flood-causing precipitation in the target session of each rainfall station and the time when the flood in the target section recedes.

3. The basin flood classification method considering the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: According to the longitude and latitude of the target section and the longitude and latitude of each rainfall station, the distance weight coefficient of each rainfall station is determined; The sliding time window is determined according to the distance weight coefficient and the flood duration.

4. The basin-wide flood classification method considering the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: Also includes: Input the regional flood characteristics into the rain and flood simulation model to obtain the flood volume simulation value; The rain and flood simulation model is obtained by sample training based on the regional flood-causing characteristics corresponding to the target flood-causing precipitation and the natural characteristic flood volume in the target section period.

5. A basin-wide flood classification device considering the quantification of the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation, characterized in that: include: The data analysis module is used to obtain the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and daily precipitation threshold of the target flood-causing precipitation at each rainfall station in the basin above the target section based on the historical hydrological data of the target basin; wherein the average flood-causing precipitation intensity reflects the average value of the maximum superposition effect of the previous precipitation and the daily precipitation in the target flood-causing precipitation process at the rainfall station; A feature acquisition module, used to obtain the regional flood-causing features corresponding to the target basin according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the daily precipitation threshold; An index acquisition module, used for obtaining a basin-wide flood comprehensive index according to the regional flood-causing characteristics and flood volume simulation values; A type identification module, used for determining the basin flood type of the target flood event in the target basin according to the basin flood comprehensive index; wherein the target flood event is caused by the target flood-causing precipitation; The data analysis module is used to: According to the historical hydrological data of the target watershed, the flood duration of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained; wherein the flood duration refers to the duration from the start time of the flood-causing precipitation of the target rainfall station to the time when the flood in the target section recedes; According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rainfall station within the flood-causing duration period, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the target flood-causing precipitation of each rainfall station is obtained; The data analysis module is used to: According to the flood-causing precipitation process of each rain station within the flood-causing duration period, the flood-causing precipitation intensity of each rain station at each time is obtained under different sliding time windows; wherein the flood-causing precipitation intensity of the single station reflects the maximum superposition effect of flooding caused by the previous precipitation and the precipitation on the day; According to the flood-causing precipitation intensity of the single station, the average flood-causing precipitation intensity of the time period under the sliding time window is calculated; According to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in the time period, determining the maximum value of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity in each rainfall period as the average flood-causing precipitation intensity; The feature acquisition module is used to: According to the ratio of the average flood-causing precipitation intensity corresponding to each rainfall station to the daily precipitation threshold, the precipitation intensity index of each rainfall station is obtained; Based on the spatial distribution of rainfall stations, the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the regional average precipitation intensity index are obtained according to the average flood-causing precipitation intensity and the precipitation intensity index; Perform spatial search and sliding from the upstream to the downstream of the target watershed in turn to obtain the average precipitation intensity index of the rainfall stations in the spatial search domain, and take the maximum value of each average precipitation intensity index as the regional flood index; According to the precipitation intensity index of each rain gauge station and the spatial distribution of the rain gauge station, the regional rain and flood coverage is obtained; wherein the regional rain and flood coverage reflects the wide range of flood-causing precipitation in the spatial scale; According to the regional average flood-causing precipitation intensity, the regional average precipitation intensity index, the regional flood-causing index and the regional rain and flood coverage, the regional flood-causing characteristics are obtained; The index acquisition module is used to: According to the regional flood-causing characteristics and the simulated flood volume, the basin-wide flood comprehensive index is obtained by adopting the calculation formula of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index; wherein the calculation formula of the basin-wide flood comprehensive index is obtained by fitting each feature corresponding to the regional flood-causing characteristics and the simulated flood volume, or by fitting each feature comprehensive value corresponding to the regional flood-causing characteristics and the simulated flood volume; Alternatively, according to the difference in the numerical range between each feature corresponding to the regional flood-causing feature, each feature and the flood simulation value are normalized to obtain each numerical normalization result, and the average value of each numerical normalization result is used as the basin-wide flood comprehensive index.

6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that: The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

Images